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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 587

The Caridean Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907–1910, Part 7: Families Atyidae, Eugonatonotidae, Rhynchocinetidae, Bathypalaemonellidae, Processidae, and Hippolytidae

Fenner A. Chace, Jr.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

Washington, D.C.

1997

ABSTRACT

Chace, Fenner A., Jr. The Caridean Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907–1910, Part 7: Families Atyidae, Eugonatonotidae, Rhynchocinetidae, Bathypalaemonellidae, Processidae, and Hippolytidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 587, 106 pages, 29 figures, 1997.—Two new genera, Clytomanningus and Hyashidonus, are proposed in the Family Processidae. Four new species are described: Caridina blancoi from the mouth of the Tayabas River, Luzon, Philippines; Rhynchocinetes albatrossae from Surigao Strait, Philippines; Lysmata philippinensis from Albay Gulf, Philippines; and Paralebbeus zygius from Indonesia; and a new replacement name, Lysmata kempi, is proposed for Lysmata dentata Kemp (not De Haan). Identification keys are offered for all genera of Processidae and Hippolytidae, Philippine-Indonesian genera of Atyidae, all species of Rhynchocinetes, Clytomanningus, Exhippolysmata, Latreutes, Lysmata, Paralebbeus, Parhippolyte, Saron, Thor, and Tozeuma, and the Philippine species of Caridina. World checklist of the 37 genera and 280 species and subspecies of the femily Hippolytidae herein recognized, with their synonyms, type species, and type localities, is included.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATA is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Annals of the Smithsonian Institution. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Chace, Fenner Albert, Jr.

The Caridean shrimps (Crustacea–Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907–1910

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 381–)

Includes bibliographies.

Contents: Pt. 1 Family Stylodactylidae—Pt. 2 Families Glyphocrangonidae and Crangonidae—[etc.]—Pt. 7 Families Atyidae, Eugonatonotidae, Rhynchocinetidae, Bathypalaemonellidae, Processidae, and Hippolytidae.

1. Shrimps—Philippines—Classification. 2. Crustacea—Classification. 3. Crustacea Philippines—Classification. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 381, etc.

QL1.S54 no. 381, etc. 591s 83-600061 [QL444.M33] [595.3′843e]

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984.

Contents

Introduction

Acknowledgments

*ATYIDAE De Haan, 1849

Key to Philippine-Indonesian Genera of Atyidae

*Atyoida Randall, 1840

*1. Atyoida pilipes (Newport, 1847)

*Atyopsis Chace, 1983

2. Atyopsis moluccensis (De Haan, 1849)

*3. Atyopsis spinipes (Newport, 1847)

*Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837

Key to Philippine Species of Caridina

4. Caridina acutirostris Schenkel, 1902

5. Caridina atyoides Nobili, 1900

*6. Caridina blancoi, new species

7. Caridina brevicarpalis brevicarpalis De Man, 1892

*8. Caridina brevicarpalis endehensis De Man, 1892

9. Caridina celestinoi Blanco, 1939

10. Caridina cognata De Man, 1915

11. Caridina demani J. Roux, 1911

12. Caridina ensifera Schenkel, 1902

13. Caridina fecunda J. Roux, 1911

*14. Caridina gracilirostris De Man, 1892

15. Caridina laevis Heller, 1862

16. Caridina laevis Blanco, 1935 [not Heller]

17. Caridina lanceolata Woltereck, 1937

*18. Caridina laoagensis Blanco, 1939

19. Caridina leytensis Blanco, 1939

20. Caridina linduensis J. Roux, 1904

21. Caridina lingkonae Woltereck, 1937

22. Caridina loehae Woltereck, 1937

*23. Caridina longirostris H. Milne Edwards, 1837

24. Caridina masapi Woltereck, 1937

25. Caridina mertoni J. Roux, 1911

26. Caridina modiglianii Nobili, 1900

27. Caridina multidentata Stimpson, 1860

*28. Caridina nilotica (P. Roux, 1833)

29. Caridina opaensis J. Roux, 1904

30. Caridina pareparensis De Man, 1892

31. Caridina rouxi De Man, 1915

32. Caridina sarasinorum Schenkel, 1902

*33. Caridina serratirostris De Man, 1892

34. Caridina spinata Woltereck, 1937

35. Caridina sundanella Holthuis, 1978

36. Caridina tenuirostris Woltereck, 1937

37. Caridina timorensis De Man, 1893

38. Caridina towutensis Woltereck, 1937

39. Caridina typus H. Milne Edwards, 1837

*40. Caridina villadolidi Blanco, 1939

41. Caridina weberi De Man, 1892

Edoneus Holthuis, 1978

42. Edoneus atheatus Holthuis, 1978

Paratya Miers, 1882

43. Paratya martensi J. Roux, 1925

*EUGONATONOTIDAE Chace, 1937

*Eugonatonotus Schmitt, 1926

*44. Eugonatonotus chacei Chan and Yu, 1991

*RHYNCHOCINETIDAE Ortmann, 1890

*Rhynchocinetes H. Milne Edwards, 1837

Key to Species of Rhynchocinetes

*45. Rhynchocinetes albatrossae, new species

46. Rhynchocinetes brucei Okuno, 1994

47. Rhynchocinetes durbanensis Gordon, 1936

*BATHYPALAEMONELLIDAE de Saint-Laurent, 1985

*Bathypalaemonella Balss, 1914

*48. Bathypalaemonella pilosipes Bruce, 1986

*PROCESSIDAE Ortmann, 1896

Key to Genera of Processidae

Clytomanningus, new genus

Key to Species of Clytomanningus

49. Clytomanningus molaris (Chace, 1955), new combination

*Hayashidonus, new genus

*50. Hayashidonus japonicus (De Haan, 1844), new combination

*Nikoides Paulson, 1875

*51. Nikoides danae Paulson, 1875

52. Nikoides gurneyi Hayashi, 1975

53. Nikoides longicarpus Noël, 1986

54. Nikoides maldivensis Borradaile, 1915

*55. Nikoides sibogae De Man, 1918

56. Nikoides steinii (Edmondson, 1935)

*Processa Leach, 1815

57. Processa aequimana (Paulson, 1875)

58. Processa affinis Hayashi, 1975

59. Processa australiensis Baker, 1907

60. Processa demani Hayashi, 1975

61. Processa foresti Noël, 1986

62. Processa macrognatha (Stimpson, 1860)

63. Processa neglecta Hayashi, 1975

64. Processa philippinensis Noël, 1986

65. Processa processa (Bate, 1888)

*66. Processa sulcata Hayashi, 1975

*HIPPOLYTIDAE Bate, 1888

Checklist of Genera and Species of Hippolytidae

Key to Genera of Hippolytidae

Exhippolysmata Stebbing, 1915

Key to Species and Subspecies of Exhippolysmata

67. Exhippolysmata ensirostris ensirostris (Kemp, 1914)

68. Exhippolysmata ensirostris punctata (Kemp, 1914)

*Gelastocaris Kemp, 1914

*69. Gelastocaris paronae (Nobili, 1905)

*Hippolyte Leach, 1814

*70. Hippolyte ventricosa H. Milne Edwards, 1837

*Latreutes Stimpson, 1860

Key to Females of Species of *Latreutes

*71. Latreutes anoplonyx Kemp, 1914

*72. Latreutes mucronatus (Stimpson, 1860)

73. Latreutes planus Bate, 1888

74. Latreutes unidentatus Bate, 1888

Lebbeus White, 1847

75. Lebbeus indicus Holthuis, 1947

*Lysmata Risso, 1816

Key to Species of Lysmata

76. Lysmata amboinensis (De Man, 1888)

77. Lysmata debelius Bruce, 1983

78. Lysmata kuekenthali (De Man, 1902)

*79. Lysmata philippinensis, new species

*80. Lysmata ternatensis De Man, 1902

81. Lysmata trisetacea (Heller, 1861)

82. Lysmata vittata (Stimpson, 1860)

*Lysmatella Borradaile, 1915

*83. Lysmatella prima Borradaile, 1915

Merguia Kemp, 1914

84. Merguia oligodon (De Man, 1888)

Mimocaris Nobili, 1903

85. Mimocaris heterocarpoides Nobili, 1903

*Paralebbeus Bruce and Chace, 1986

Key to Species of Paralebbeus

*86. Paralebbeus zotheculatus Bruce and Chace, 1986

*87. Paralebbeus zygius, new species

Parhippolyte Borradaile, 1900

Key to Species of Parhippolyte

88. Parhippolyte uveae Borradaile, 1900

*Saron Thallwitz, 1891

Key to Species of Saron

89. Saron inermis Hayashi, 1983

*90. Saron marmoratus (Olivier, 1811)

91. Saron neglectus De Man, 1902

92. Saron rectirostris Hayashi, 1984

Thor Kingsley, 1878

Key to Species of Thor

93. Thor amboinensis (De Man, 1888)

94. Thor intermedius Holthuis, 1947

95. Thor paschalis (Heller, 1862)

96. Thor spinosus Boone, 1935

*Tozeuma Stimpson, 1860

Key to Species of Tozeuma

97. Tozeuma armatum Paulson, 1875

*98. Tozeuma lanceolatum Stimpson, 1860

Literature Cited

Requirements for Smithsonian Series Publication

The Caridean Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907–1910, Part 7: Families Atyidae, Eugonatonotidae, Rhynchocinetidae, Bathypalaemonellidae, Processidae, and Hippolytidae

Fenner A. Chace, Jr.

____________

Fenner A. Chace, Jr., Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

Introduction

General considerations about the Albatross Philippine Expedition and its collections have been presented in Part 1 of this series (Chace, 1983a). Repeated below are those format particulars that are common to all of the parts.

The taxa numbered and itemized are those that are known from the Philippines and Indonesia, whether or not they are represented in the Albatross collections; those taken by that Expedition are indicated by an asterisk (*). The genera and species are arranged alphabetically and the latter are numbered sequentially by order of appearance, under each family, in the taxonomic portion of the report. The generic entries comprise at least the reference to the original description, followed by designation of the type species and of the gender of the generic name, a diagnosis, and the geographic and, sometimes, the bathymetric ranges of the genus. The original reference and range are given for each Philippine and/or Indonesian species and subspecies. There has been no attempt to list all references under those taxa headings. Usually, the species and subspecies entries are limited to (1) the original reference and type locality of both senior and junior synonyms mentioned; (2) a reference to a published illustration, if possible; (3) a diagnosis; and (4) the range of the taxon. Under “Material” of species and subspecies represented in the Albatross collections are listed the following particulars if known: (1) general locality; (2) station number; (3) latitude and longitude; (4) depth in meters (in brackets when estimated); (5) character of the bottom; (6) bottom temperature in degrees Celsius; (7) date and astronomical time intervals (hours between midnight and midnight) that the gear operated at the indicated depth; (8) gear used; and (9) the number and sex of the specimens in each lot, with minimum and maximum postorbital carapace lengths in millimeters in square brackets (the numbers and size ranges of ovigerous females are included in the female totals as well as separately). Additional station data may be available in Anonymous (1910). For additional details and illustrations of all caridean genera, see Holthuis (1993).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The following individuals have contributed importantly to the preparation of this seventh part of the report on the carideans of the Albatross Philippine Expedition. Raymond T. Bauer (Center for Crustacean Research, Department of Biology, University of Southwestern Louisiana in Lafayette) reviewed the “Checklist of Genera and Species of Hippolytidae” and the “Key to Genera of Hippolytidae,” after having intensively studied the North Pacific hippolytids during the year 1980–1981 that he studied at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, under a postdoctoral fellowship. Frederick M. Bayer (Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History) is recognized herewith for his assistance with classical languages and their application to scientific nomenclature. A.J. Bruce (Head of the Division of Natural Sciences, Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences in Darwin; now retired), for exchanges of ideas about the Bathypalaemonellidae and some of the hippolytid genera. In the course of a visit from Tin-Yam Chan (Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University in Keelung), we discussed the characters that distinguish the two known species of the Eugonatonotidae. William J. Cooke furnished material of a Hawaiian species of Lysmata that clearly showed its affinity to a western Atlantic species, rather than to one from the Indo-Pacific, as previously believed. Charles H.J.M. Fransen (Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum in Leiden) prepared detailed drawings to demonstrate that possible morphological distinctions between Pacific and Atlantic populations of two species of Lysmata were no more than developmental differences. As with most of the preceding parts of this series, I have profited greatly from the consummate knowledge of decapod crustaceans, especially carideans, of L.B. Holthuis (Leiden Museum) and from his characteristically altruistic willingness to share that knowledge in an effort to preserve and expand our carcinological data base, without regard for his own research agenda. With comparable expertise, Tomoyuki Komai (Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Japan) reviewed the entire manuscript (with the exception of the atyid section) and offered numerous suggestions for improvement. My Smithsonian associate, Raymond B. Manning, has similarly shared his knowledge of the processids and the generic composition of that family. With his customary liberality, C.B. Powell (University of Harcourt, Nigeria) gave permission to publish herein his discovery of Merguia in western Africa. Richard Preece (Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge) kindly verified the true type locality of Nikoides maldivensis. Curtis W. Sabrosky, Chairman of the Editorial Committee during more than half of the time devoted to the preparation of the Third Edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, joined Dr. Holthuis in overcoming my resistance to their contention that an “available name,” even an “invalid” primary homonym, precludes the adoption of a junior secondary homonym in the case of the hippolytid Lysmata dentata. Finally, John Yaldwyn (Museum of New Zealand, Te Papa Tongarewa) facilitated the inclusion of Hippolysmata morelandi in the “Key to Species of Lysmata” by amplifying his description of that species.

FIGURE 1.—The Philippines and central Indonesia, showing the positions of Albatross offshore stations at which caridean shrimps were collected.

*ATYIDAE De Haan, 1849

ATYADEA De Haan, 1849:168, 184.

ATYIDAE Dana, 1852a:13, 16.—Chace, 1992:70, 72, 76.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum, if present, inflexibly attached to rest of carapace. Carapace without longitudinal lateral ridges or suture and without cardiac notch in posterior margin. Eyes neither unusually long nor concealed beneath carapace. Antennule with 2 flagella, neither with accessory branch. Mandible with palp, with subtruncate molar process not distinctly separated from incisor process. Second maxilla with endite well developed, scaphognathite with proximal lobe tapering, bearing series of long setae, and extending far into branchial chamber. First maxilliped with exopod terminating in lash, not in broad, partially detached lobe. Caridean lobe not acutely produced, not overreaching distally produced endite. Second maxilliped with exopod, endopod composed of 4 segments, not terminating in 2 segments attached side-by-side to preceding segment, terminal segment attached to slender, sickle-shaped extension of preceding segment. Third maxilliped composed of 5 segments, slender, pereopod-like. Pereopods usually (except Limnocaridina) with strap-like epipods (mastigobranchs) on at least 3 anterior pairs, epipods without naked appendix extending vertically into branchial chamber; 2 anterior pairs of pereopods similar, with fingers of chela usually terminating in tuft of setae; 2nd pereopod with carpus undivided.

RANGE.—Throughout the tropics and most temperate regions of the world; adults almost exclusively confined to fresh water.

REMARKS.—Rather surprisingly, only five of the 35 genera currently recognized throughout the world are apparently known from the Philippine-Indonesian region. Those five may be identified from the following key. Holthuis (1986:104) suggested that the Atyidae be divided into five subfamilies: Xiphocaridinae Ortmann, 1895 (see Chace, 1992:71, 72, 77); Paratyinae Holthuis, 1986; Typhlatyinae Holthuis, 1986; Atyinae De Haan, 1849; and Caridellinae Holthuis, 1986. Of the Philippine-Indonesian genera, Paratya belongs to the Paratyinae, Edoneus to the Caridellinae, and the remaining three to the Atyinae.

Key to Philippine-Indonesian Genera of Atyidae

*Atyoida Randall, 1840

Atyoida Randall, 1840:140 [type species, by monotypy: Atyoida bisulcata Randall, 1840:140; gender: feminine].—Chace, 1983b:4.

Ortmannia Rathbun, 1901:120 [type species, by original designation: Ortmannia henshawi Rathbun, 1901:120; gender: feminine].

Pseudatya J. Roux, 1928:209 [type species, by monotypy: Pseudatya beauforti J. Roux, 1928:209 ( = Atya pilipes Newport, 1847:160); gender: feminine].

Vanderbiltia Boone, 1935:159 [type species, by monotypy: Vanderbiltia rosamondae Boone, 1935:160 ( = Atya pilipes Newport, 1847:160); gender: feminine].

DIAGNOSIS.—Carapace without supraorbital spine, pterygostomian angle acute, sometimes bluntly so. Telson with posterolateral angles not overreaching setiferous posterior margin. Eyes pigmented, not degenerate. Pereopods without exopods, 2nd pair with carpus deeply excavate, little if at all longer than wide.

RANGE.—High islands of the Indo-Pacific region from Madagascar to the Philippines and Indonesia and eastward to Hawaii and the Marquesas and Gambier islands.

REMARKS.—A key has been offered by Chace (1983b:4) to the three species of Atyoida currently recognized: A. bisulcata Randall, 1840, from Hawaii; A. pilipes (see below), and A. serrata (Bate, 1888) from Madagascar, the Comoro Islands, the Seychelles, Mauritius, and La Réunion.

*1. Atyoida pilipes (Newport, 1847)

Atya pilipes Newport, 1847:160 [type locality: “Apia, Upoln, New Zealand” (corrected to “Apia, Upolu, Navigator or Samoan Group” by Dana, 1852b:533)].

Atyoida pilipes.—Chace, 1983b:10, figs. 3–8 [synonymy].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum bent somewhat ventrad, unarmed or bearing single ventral tooth (less commonly 2 teeth, very rarely 3). Carapace with pterygostomian angle bluntly acute, not spinous. Telson without conspicuous fixed teeth on posterior margin. Chelae dimorphic, either without palmar portion or with palmar portion shorter than movable finger, not trimorphic, with palmar portion longer than movable finger as in some specimens of other 2 species. Maximum postorbital carapace length of males 6.6 mm, of females about 9 mm.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Mountain stream back of Romblon, Romblon Island, Sibuyan Sea [12°35′N, 122°15′E], 26 Mar 1908: 1 male [6.6].—Nonucan River, Iligan Bay, Mindanao, 8°13′N, 124°2′E, 6 Aug 1909 (0800), dynamite: 18 males [5.0–5.6], 26 females [5.8–8.3], 15 ovig. [5.8–8.3].

RANGE.—Philippines and eastern Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, eastward through the Pacific high islands, as far north as Rota in the Marianas at about 14°N, as far south as Rapa in the Iles Tubuai at about 27°S, and as far east as Magareva in the Iles Gambier at about 135°W.

*Atyopsis Chace, 1983

Atyopsis Chace, 1983b:26 [type species, by original designation: Atya spinipes Newport, 1847:159; gender: feminine].

DIAGNOSIS.—Carapace without supraorbital spine, pterygostomian angle spinous. Telson with posterolateral angles overreaching setiferous posterior margin. Eyes pigmented, not degenerate. Pereopods without exopods, 2nd pair with carpus deeply excavate, little if at all longer than wide.

RANGE.—High islands of the Indo-Pacific region from Sri Lanka to the Philippines and Indonesia eastward to the Samoa Islands and the Asiatic mainland from India to Thailand and the Malay Peninsula.

REMARKS.—A key to the two closely related species of Atyopsis, which seem to have similar geographic ranges, was included in Chace (1983b:27). Those key characters are used below in the diagnoses of the two species.

2. Atyopsis moluccensis (De Haan, 1849)

Atya moluccensis De Haan, 1849:186, pl. O [type locality: Moluccas, Indonesia].

Atyopsis moluccensis.—Chace, 1983b:27, figs. 16–19 [synonymy].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum gradually tapering to slender apex, armed ventrally with 7–16 (commonly 10–14) indistinct serrations. Endopod of 1st pleopod of male less than 1 times as long from proximal articulation to base of retinaculate projection as maximum width, not including marginal spines. Maximum postorbital carapace length about 25 mm.

Range.—Sri Lanka through Thailand and Malaya to Sumatra, Java, Bali, Sarawak, Celebes, and Moluccas in Indonesia and possibly the Philippines.

*3. Atyopsis spinipes (Newport, 1847)

Atya spinipes Newport, 1847:159 [type locality: Philippine Islands].

Atyopsis spinipes.—Chace, 1983b:35, figs. 20–22 [synonymy].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum rather abruptly narrowing to somewhat broad apex, armed ventrally with 2–6 discrete teeth. Endopod of 1st pleopod of male more than 1 times as long from proximal articulation to base of retinaculate projection as maximum width, not including submarginal spines. Maximum postorbital carapace length about 20 mm.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Near mouth of Tayabas River, Luzon [13°54′N, 121°36′E], 25 Feb 1909: 1 male [13.0].—“Cabugao” River, Catanduanes Island [13°37′N, 124°17′E], 9 Jun 1909 (0900), 25-foot seine: 1 male [13.0].—“Varadero Mountain,” Mindoro (?), 23 Jul 1908: 1 female [13.7].—Malaga River, Hinunangan Bay, Leyte [10°24′N, 125°12′E], 30 Jul 1909: 1 female [10.7] 4 juveniles [2.9–5.0]. Mananga River, Cebu [10°14′N, 123°50′E], 25 Aug 1909: 1 female [11.3].

RANGE.—Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Philippines, eastward to Caroline, Fiji, and Samoa islands.

*Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837

Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837:362 [type species, by monotypy: Caridina typus H. Milne Edwards, 1837:363; gender: feminine].

DIAGNOSIS.—Carapace without supraorbital spine, pterygostomian margin usually rounded. Telson with posterolateral angles sometimes produced posteriorly but never overreaching setiferous posterior margin. Eyes usually well pigmented, not degenerate. Pereopods without exopods, 2nd pair with carpus not deeply excavate, distinctly longer than wide.

RANGE.—Western equatorial Africa, Egypt, eastern Africa from Somalia to Natal, Madagascar and neighboring islands, Syria, Iran, Iraq, India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Andaman Islands, Malaya, Viet Nam, China, Korea, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, northern and eastern Australia, New Caledonia, Fiji Islands, Hawaii, Marquesas Islands, and Rapa.

REMARKS.—Few caridean groups offer taxonomic problems of greater difficulty than do the approximately 160 species and subspecies that are currently recognized in this genus. Populations with restricted ranges that seem to have acquired reasonably constant morphological characters may be nearly indistinguishable from highly variable species that range widely through the Indo-Pacific region and even Africa. In spite of the painstaking studies of such eminent carcinologists as Bouvier, Holthuis, De Man, Ortmann, and J. Roux, few populations can yet be named with satisfactory confidence, and the material collected by the Albatross Philippine Expedition is no exception. For that reason, I have tried to illustrate the presumed species in that collection in some detail in order to minimize the confusion that could result from misidentifications.

Although tropical freshwater shrimps have rather finely drawn habitat preferences, there is some indication that nearly all of the species occurring in a broad geographic region may be found in a single stream, if that stream offers the required habitats. Such a postulate seems to be supported by the Caridina material in the present collection. Of the eight species represented, no less than six were taken from the Malaga River, on Leyte, five were found in the Calawagan River on Mindoro, and four were collected from the Baganga River on Mindanao.

Hopefully, I have listed all of the species that have been recorded from the Philippines and Indonesia, but attempts to construct a key to the species known from the entire area had to be curtailed because of incomplete descriptions in the literature. The key that follows is limited only to the species recorded from the Philippines.

Key to Philippine Species of Caridina

4. Caridina acutirostris Schenkel, 1902

Caridina acutirostris Schenkel, 1902:496, pl. 8: figs. 3a–c, 4b [type locality: south of Danau Poso, Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia].—Bouvier, 1925:166, figs. 353–355.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not reaching as far as distal end of antennular peduncle, slightly upturned anteriorly, armed dorsally with 10 teeth in posterior , including 3 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, without subapical teeth, armed ventrally with 6 teeth. Suborbital angle obscure but not completely fused with antennal spine; pterygostomian margin of carapace rounded. Sublateral pair of posterior telson spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite reaching nearly as far as distal end of basal segment of antennular peduncle. Carpus of 1st pereopod slightly, not deeply, excavate for reception of chela. Epipods on all but 5th pereopod. Maximum postorbital carapace length 5.2 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the female holotype.

5. Caridina atyoides Nobili, 1900

Caridina atyoides Nobili, 1900:478 [type locality: Sioban, Pulau, Sipura, Kepulauan Mentawei, off west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia].—Bouvier, 1925:256, figs. 587–591.—J. Roux, 1928: 205.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum short, triangular, not reaching as far as distal end of basal segment of antennular peduncle, sloping ventrad, unarmed dorsally, ventral margin with 0–2 teeth anteriorly. Suborbital angle fused with obtuse, nondentate antennal lobe; pterygostomian margin obtuse, not dentate. Telson with small posteromedian projection, lateral pair of spines on posterior margin shorter than seta-like intermediate pairs. Stylocerite not reaching as far as distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with fingers slightly longer than palm of chela, carpus 1 times as long as wide, rather deeply excavate distally for reception of chela. Third pereopod of male robust, merus armed with strong fixed spine near distal end of flexor margin, followed by crest surmounted by 2 or 3 denticles. Epipods on all but 5th pereopod. Eggs small, 0.38–0.40 mm in major diameter. Maximum postorbital carapace length about 8 mm.

RANGE.—Western Sumatra and Seram, Indonesia.

REMARKS.—It seems unlikely that this species can long remain in the genus Caridina merely because of the elongate carpi of the first and second pereopods. The general facies of the shrimp, the robust third pereopod of the male, and, especially, the form of the appendix masculina on the second pleopod all suggest a closer relationship to Atya than to Caridina, but it is probably best to await a revisionary study of the family before removing the species from the present genus.

*6. Caridina blancoi, new species

FIGURE 2

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum (Figure 2a) not reaching as far as distal end of antennular peduncle, sloping ventrad anteriorly, armed dorsally with 18 teeth, including 3 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, apex unarmed, armed ventrally with 2 teeth. Suborbital angle acute, distinctly separated from antennal spine; pterygostomian margin rounded. Telson (Figure 2c,d) with small posteromedian projection, sublateral pair of spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite (Figure 2f) not reaching as far as distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod (Figure 2i) with fingers longer than palm, carpus more than 4 times as long as wide, not deeply excavate distally. Third pereopod (Figure 2k,l) with dactyl more than 5 times as long as wide. Epipods on all but 5th pereopod. Postorbital carapace length 2.9 mm.

FIGURE 2.—Caridina blancoi, new species, male holotype from near mouth of Tayabas River, Luzon, carapace length 2.9 mm: a, anterior carapace and appendages, lateral aspect; b, posterior abdomen, lateral aspect; c, tail fan, dorsal aspect; d, posterior margin of telson, dorsal aspect; e, diaeresis of exopod of right uropod; f, right antennule, dorsal aspect; g, right antenna, ventral aspect; h, right 3rd maxilliped; i, right 1st pereopod; j, right 2nd pereopod; k, right 3rd pereopod; l, same, dactyl; m, right 4th pereopod; n, same, dactyl; o, endopod of right 1st pleopod; p, right appendix masculina and appendix interna.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Near mouth of Tayabas River, Luzon [13°54′N, 121°36′E], 25 Feb 1909: 1 male holotype, USNM 264045.

TYPE LOCALITY.—Tayabas River, Luzon.

RANGE.—Known only from the type specimen.

REMARKS.—The proposal of a new species, based on a single specimen, in a genus that is noteworthy for its variable species, may be questionable, but it seems desirable to call attention to a taxon that apparently differs from all others known in a combination of characters: the form and dentition of the rostrum and telson; the prominence of the suborbital angle; and the form of the chelae and carpi of the two anterior pereopods and of the dactyls of the third and fourth pereopods.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Guillermo J. Blanco, whose two commendable papers on the atyids of the Philippines have been the only available guides to the identity of these little shrimps that are so abundant and important as a secondary source of food throughout those islands.

7. Caridina brevicarpalis brevicarpalis De Man, 1892

Caridina brevicarpalis De Man, 1892:397, pl. 24: fig. 30–30d [type locality: near Palopo, Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia].—Bouvier, 1925:178, figs. 372–374.—Edmondson, 1935a:7, fig. 2a–f.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum slightly overreaching antennular peduncle, dorsal margin nearly horizontal, armed with 11–14 teeth on posterior , none on carapace posterior to orbital margin or on anterior of rostrum, armed ventrally with 4–7 teeth. Suborbital angle fused with antennal spine; pterygostomian margin rounded. Stylocerite not reaching as far as distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. Carpus of 1st pereopod no longer than wide, deeply excavate for reception of chela. Epipods on all but 5th pereopod. Eggs with major diameter of about 0.53 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace length about 7 mm.

DISTRIBUTION.—Sulawesi (Celebes) and Waigeo islands, Indonesia, and Fiji Islands.

*8. Caridina brevicarpalis endehensis De Man, 1892

FIGURE 3

Caridina brevicarpalis var. endehensis De Man, 1892:399, pl. 24: fig. 30e [type locality: Nuawari, near Ende, Flores, Indonesia].—Bouvier, 1925:34, 180, pl. 2: fig. 25.—Blanco, 1935:34, pl. 2: fig. 25.

DIAGNOSIS (Philippine specimens).—Rostrum (Figure 3a) far overreaching antennal scale, ascendant in anterior , armed dorsally in posterior with 9–23 teeth, including 0 or 1 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, dorsally unarmed in anterior , armed ventrally with 4–24 teeth. Suborbital angle subrectangular, distinct from antennal spine; pterygostomian margin rounded. Telson (Figure 3c,d,f) with rather prominent posteromedian projection elevated above true posterior margin, sublateral pair of posterior spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite (Figure 3g) falling far short of distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. Carpus of 1st pereopod (Figure 3j) about 1 times as long as wide, deeply excavate for reception of chela. Third pereopod (Figure 3l,m) with dactyl little more than twice as long as wide. Epipods on all but 5th pereopod. Eggs small, major diameter little more than 0.4 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace length 7.3 mm.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Calawagan River 3 miles [4.8 km] from mouth, Mindoro [13°25′N, 120°28′E], 11 Dec 1908 (1500), 16′ seine: 2 ovig. females [5.2, 5.8].—Malaga River, Leyte [10°24′N, 125°12′E], 30 Jul 1909: 248 males [2.2–3.8] 334 females [2.2–7.3], 138 ovig. [4.5–7.3], 146 juv [1.3–2.1].—Baganga River, Mindanao [7°35′N, 126°33′E], 13 May 1908 (1300): 1 ovig. female [6.0].

RANGE.—Philipplnes and Flores and Sumba, Indonesia.

REMARKS.—The rostrum is so long in Philippine specimens that they resemble C. longirostris and even C. gracilirostris, but they can be readily distinguished from those species by the absence of a subaplcal tooth on the rostrum, as well as by the distinct form of the pereopods. The rostrum, suborbital angle, and posterior spines of the telson are so very different from those in the typlcal form of C. brevicarpalis that the identification of these specimens as subspecies of that species is justified only because of the desirability of avoiding name changes until taxa are studied more intensively.

9. Caridina celestinoi Blanco, 1939

Caridina celestinoi Blanco, 1939:392, pl. 3: figs. 8–10 [type locality: mountain stream at “Helosig,” Leyte, Philipplnes].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum very short, not overreaching basal segment of antennular peduncle, dorsal margin nearly horizontal, armed with single tooth at about midlength, ventral margin unarmed but with pair of long divergent setae in posterior . Suborbital angle fused with antennal spine; pterygostomian margin acute. First pereopod with carpus nearly 3 times as long as wide, not excavate distally for reception of chela. Maximum postorbital carapace length probably no more than 1 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the unique type specimen.

REMARKS.—Until additional material becomes available, the possibility must be considered that C. celestinoi merely represents the juvenile form of C. leytensis, a species found in the same general area.

10. Caridina cognata De Man, 1915

Caridina cognata De Man, 1915:397, pl. 28: figs. 3–3g, 4–4b [type locality: several localities in northern New Guinea].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum seldom overreaching antennular peduncle, dorsal margin usually almost horizontal, occasionally curving dorsad distally, armed with 11–27 teeth, including 0–4 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, usually without subapical teeth, armed ventrally with 0–10 teeth. Suborbital angle almost completely fused with antennal spine; pterygostomian margin rounded. Stylocerite falling slightly short of distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with fingers longer than palm of chela, carpus more than twice as long as wide, not deeply excavate distally. Third pereopod with dactyl about 4 times as long as wide. Eggs large, major diameter 0.9–1.0 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace length probably about 4 mm.

FIGURE 3.—Caridina brevicarpalis endehensis, a,f-s, male from Malaga River, Hinunangan Bay, Leyte, carapace length 3.6 mm; b-e, male from same locality, carapace length 3.3 mm: a, anterior carapace and appendages, lateral aspect; b, posterior abdomen, lateral aspect; c, tail fan, dorsal aspect; d, posterior margin of telson, dorsal aspect; e, diaeresis of exopod of right uropod; f, posterior end of telson, dorsal aspect; g, right antennule, dorsal aspect;h, right antenna, ventral aspect; i, right 3rd maxilliped;, right 1st pereopod; k, right 2nd pereopod; l, right 3rd pereopod; m, same, dactyl; n. right 4th pereopod;o, same, dactyl; p, left 5th pereopod; q, same, dactyl; r, endopod of right 1st pleopod; s, right appendices masculina and interna.

RANGE.—Known only from the type series.

11. Caridina demani J. Roux, 1911

Caridina demani J. Roux, 1911:94 [type locality: Tawarin River, north coast of West New Guinea, Indonesia].

Caridina De Mani.—Bouvier, 1925:172, figs. 361, 362.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum reaching, at most, as far as distal end of antennular peduncle, dorsal margin nearly horizontal, armed with 10–20 teeth, including 2 or 3 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, without subapical teeth, armed ventrally with 0–5 teeth. Suborbital angle indistinct, partially fused with antennal spine; pterygostomian margin blunt, slightly wider than rectangular. Telson with sublateral posterior spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite not reaching quite as far as distal margin of basal antennular segment. First pereopod with fingers slightly longer than palm. Epipods on all except 5th pereopod. Eggs rather large, major diameter about 0.75 mm; maximum postorbital carapace length probably about 3.6 mm.

RANGE.—New Guinea.

12. Caridina ensifera Schenkel, 1902

Caridina ensifera Schenkel, 1902:490, pl. 8: figs, la-e, 4d [type locality: Danau Poso, Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia].—Bouvier, 1925:163, figs. 344–352.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum far overreaching antennal scale, ascendant in anterior , armed dorsally with 9–15 teeth in posterior , including 1–3 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, without subapical teeth, armed ventrally with 14–26 teeth. Suborbital angle distinct but not produced; pterygostomian margin very obscurely angular. Telson without posteromedian projection, sublateral pair of posterior spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite not reaching as far as margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with fingers distinctly longer than palm, carpus 4 times as long as wide, not deeply excavate distally. Three posterior pereopods without epipods. Major diameter of eggs 0.6 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace length about 5.5 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the type locality.

13. Caridina fecunda J. Roux, 1911

Caridina fecunda J. Roux, 1911:95 [type locality: Danau Jamur, West New Guinea, Indonesia].—Bouvier, 1925:176, figs. 368–371.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum falling slightly short of or slightly overreaching distal end of antennular peduncle, dorsal margin almost horizontal, armed nearly to apex with 18–23 teeth, including 3 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, armed ventrally with 5–7 teeth. Suborbital angle obscure, almost completely fused with antennal spine; pterygostomian margin broadly rounded. Telson apparently lacking posteromedian projection, sublateral pair of posterior spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite not nearly reaching level of distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with fingers again as long as palm of chela, carpus 3 times as long as wide, not excavate for reception of chela. Epipods well developed on 3 anterior pereopods, absent from 4th and 5th. Eggs large, major diameter 0.8 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace length probably about 3 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the type locality.

*14. Caridina gracilirostris De Man, 1892

FIGURE 4

Caridina gracilirostris De Man, 1892:399, pl. 25: fig. 31–31d [type locality: Balangnipa, Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia].—Bouvier, 1925:142, figs. 305–307.—Blanco, 1935:32, pl. 2: figs. 11–17.—Holthuis, 1965:23, fig. 7.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum (Figure 4a) reaching far beyond distal end of antennal scale, curving strongly dorsad throughout, armed dorsally in posterior with 7–13 widely spaced teeth, rarely including 1 or 2 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, armed ventrally with 15–34 teeth. Suborbital angle distinct, subrectangular or subacute; pterygostomian margin rounded. Telson (Figures 4c,d) with posteromedian projection elevated above true posterior margin, sublateral pair of posterior spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite (Figure 4f) not nearly reaching level of distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod (Figure 4i) with fingers longer than palm of chela, carpus more than twice as long as wide, not excavate distally for reception of chela. Third pereopod (Figure 4k,l) with dactyl more than 4 times as long as wide. Epipods on all but 5th pereopod. Eggs small, major diameter little more than 0.4 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace length about 7 mm.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPLNES. “Cabugao” River, Catanduanes Island [13°37′N, 124° 17′E], 9 Jun 1909 (0900), 25′ seine: 9 females [4.9–6.3], 6 ovig. [5.0–5.9].—Nato River, Lagonoy Gulf, Luzon, 13°36′N, 123°33′E, tidewater, 18 Jun 1909: 9 males [3.8–4.3] 192 females [4.3–6.8], 176 ovig. [4.7–6.8].—Paluan River, Mindoro [13°25′N, 120°28′E], 4 Dec 1908; 130′ seine: 1 ovig. female [4.5].—Calawagan River, 3 miles [4.8 km] from mouth, Mindoro [13°25′N, 120°28′E], 11 Dec 1908 (1500), 16′ seine: 7 males [3.2–4.1] 8 females [3.5–4.7].—Pangauaran River, Port Caltom, Busuanga Island [12°11′N, 120°05′E], 16 Dec 1908 (0700), 25′ seine: 5 males [3.5–3.9] 7 females [4.3–4.9], 4 ovig. [4.3–4.9].—Malaga River, Hinun- angan Bay, Leyte [10°24′N, 125°12′E], 30 Jul 1909: 67 males [2.7–4.1], 32 females [3.4–5.5], 28 ovig. [4.2–5.5].—Baganga River, Mindanao [7°35′N, 126°33′E], 13 May 1908 (1300): 3 males [3.4–5.6], 1 female with abdominal bopyrid [5.6],—Zamboanga Canal, Mindanao [6°54′N, 122°04′E], 8 Oct 1909, 25′ seine: 1 male [2.9],

BORNEO. “Tawao” River, 30 Sep 1909 (0930), mud, sand; dynamite: 1 male [3.9].

RANGE.—Madagascar, India, Philippines, Indonesia, and Palau [Belaeu], Caroline Islands.

REMARKS.—Philippine specimens seem to agree well with those described from Madagascar by Holthuis (1965), except in the armature of the telson, especially of the posterior margin, which is noted by Holthuis as lacking intermediate spines or with only a single pair.

In three of the eight males from the Calawagan River, Mindoro, with carapace lengths of 3.2 to 3.6 mm, the appendix interna on the endopod of the first pleopod is rudimentary (Figure 4s). In the large male from the Baganga River, Mindanao, on the other hand, the endopod of the first pleopod is extended as in adult females (Figure 4t).

The single small male from the Zamboanga Canal, Mindanao, differs from all of the other specimens in having two teeth of the dorsal series situated on the carapace posterior to the orbital margin and in having the suborbital angle unusually produced; in this specimen, also, there are more (13) than the usual number of dorsal rostral teeth and fewer (17) than the usual number of ventral teeth.

15. Caridina laevis Heller, 1862

Caridina laevis Heller, 1862a:411 [type locality: Java, Indonesia].—Bouvier, 1925:183, figs. 382–385.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not overreaching antennular peduncle, dorsal margin slightly sinuous, armed with 14–22 teeth, including 3 or 4 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, without subapical teeth, armed ventrally with 4–15 teeth. Pterygostomian margin bluntly subrectangular or obtuse. Telson with sublateral pair of posterior spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite not reaching level of distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with fingers much longer than palm of chela, carpus 2 times as long as wide, only slightly excavated distally for reception of chela. Epipods well developed on 2 anterior pereopods, reduced, rudimentary, or absent on 3 posterior pairs. Eggs large, major diameter 0.70–0.91 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace length probably about 5 or 6 mm.

FIGURE 4.—Caridina gracilirostris, a-r, male from Nato River, Lagonoy Gulf, Luzon, carapace length 4.25 mm; s, male from Calawagan River, Mindoro, carapace length 3.7 mm; t, male from Baganga River, Mindanao, carapace length 5.6 mm: a, anterior carapace and appendages, lateral aspect; b, posterior abdomen; c, tail fan, dorsal aspect; d. posterior margin of telson, dorsal aspect; e, diaeresis of exopod of right uropod; f, right antennule, dorsal aspect; g, right antenna, ventral aspect; h, right 3rd maxilliped; i, right 1st pereopod; right j, 2nd pereopod; k, right 3rd pereopod; l, same, dactyl; m, right 4th pereopod; n, same, dactyl; o, right 5th pereopod; p, same, dactyl; q, endopod of right 1st pleopod; r, right appendix masculine and appendix interna; s, endopod of right 1st pleopod; t, endopod of left 1st pleopod.

RANGE.—Known with certainty only from Java.

16. Caridina laevis Blanco, 1935 [not Heller]

Caridina laevis.—Blanco, 1935:34, pl. 3: figs. 26–32.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not overreaching antennal scale, dorsal margin faintly convex, armed nearly to apex with 15–19 teeth, including 2–5 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, armed ventrally with 2–6 depressed teeth. Telson without posteromedian projection, sublateral pair of posterior spines slightly longer than mesially adjacent pair but considerably shorter than intermediate pairs of setae. First pereopod with fingers slightly shorter than palm of chela, carpus about as wide as long, deeply excavate for reception of chela. Third pereopod with dactyl slightly less than 3 times as long as wide. Maximum postorbital carapace length probably about 4 mm.

LOCALITY.—“Pulamgue” Lake, Albay Province, Luzon, Philippines.

REMARKS.—The specimens assigned to C. laevis by Blanco almost surely do not belong to the species from Java described by Heller, as indicated by the different arrangement of spines on the posterior margin of the telson and the very different form of the chela and carpus of the first pereopod. Blanco's specimens seem to be nearer P. pareparensis from Sulawesi (Celebes), but they apparently differ from that species in having a larger mean number of ventral teeth on the rostrum, the carpus of the first pereopod slightly shorter and more deeply excavate, and the posterior margin of the telson armed differently. It seems best, however, not to propose a new name for the Philippine population until it can be re-examined and redescribed.

17. Caridina lanceolata Woltereck, 1937

Caridina lanceolata Woltereck, 1937a:224, figs. I, 7a–c; pls. 3, 6 [type locality: lakes in central Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia]; 1937b:307, fig. 11.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum far overreaching antennal scale, dorsal margin strongly upcurved, armed with 10–16 teeth, chiefly in posterior , including 0–4 on carapace posterior to orbital margin and 1–3 subapical, armed ventrally with 5–11 teeth. Telson without posteromedian projection, sublateral pair of posterior spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite not overreaching distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with fingers very slightly longer than palm of chela, carpus 2–4 times as long as wide. Epipods on 2 anterior pairs of pereopods only. Eggs large, major diameter 0.63–0.97 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace length probably about 5 or 6 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the original records from three lakes in central Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia.

*18. Caridina laoagensis Blanco, 1939

FIGURE 5

Caridina laoagensis Blanco, 1939:390, pl. 2 [type locality: not indicated; presumably Laoag River, Laoag, Province of Ilocos Norte, Luzon, Philippines].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum (Figure 5a) not overreaching 2nd segment of antennular peduncle, dorsal margin nearly horizontal but elevated slightly above dorsal margin of carapace, armed with 9–17 subequal, evenly spaced teeth, all on rostrum considerably anterior to orbital margin, without subapical teeth, armed ventrally with 1–6 rather inconspicuous teeth. Suborbital angle fused with antennal spine; pterygostomian margin narrowly rounded. Telson (Figure 5c,d,f) with posteromedian projection elevated above true posterior margin, sublateral pair of posterior spines longer than immediately mesial pair but much shorter than seta-like intermediate pairs (end of telson obviously abnormally double in specimen illustrated in Figure 5c,d. Stylocerite (Figure 5g) barely reaching midlength of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod (Figure 5j) with fingers longer than palm of chela, carpus less than twice as as long as wide, deeply excavate for reception of chela. Third pereopod (Figure 5l,m) with dactyl about 3 times as long as wide. Epipods on all but 5th pereopod. Eggs small, less than 9.4 mm in major diameter. Maximum postorbital carapace length about 7 mm.

FIGURE 5.—Caridina laoagensis, a-e.g-t, male from Malaga River, Leyte, carapace length 3.0 mm; f, ovigerous female from same locality, carapace length 4.7 mm: a, anterior carapace and appendages, lateral aspect; b, posterior abdomen; c, tail fan, dorsal aspect; d, posterior margin of telson, dorsal aspect; e, diaeresis of exopod of right uropod; f posterior margin of telson, dorsal aspect; g, right antennule, dorsal aspect; h, right antenna, ventral aspect; i, right 3rd maxilliped; j. right 1st pereopod; k, right 2nd pereopod; l, right 3rd pereopod; m, same, dactyl; n. right 4th pereopod; o, same, dactyl; p. right 5th pereopod; q, same, dactyl; r, same, spines on flexor margin; s, endopod of right 1st pleopod; t right appendices masculina and intena.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Yawa River, Luzon [13°10′N, 123°45′E], 7 June 1909 (0600): 2 females [4.9, 5.3], 1 ovig. [4.9].—Malaga River, Hinunangan Bay, Leyte [10°24′N, 125°12′E], 30 Jul 1909: 2 males [3.0, 3.3] 4 females [4.6–6.3], 3 ovig. [4.6–6.3], 1 juv [1.8].

RANGE.—Known previously only from the type series.

REMARKS.—It is possible that C. laoagensis will eventually fall into synonymy with the variable C. weberi from Indonesia, but it seems best to retain Blanco's name for the Philippine populations for the time being.

19. Caridina leytensis Blanco, 1939

Caridina leytensis Blanco, 1939:391, pl. 3: figs. 1–7 [type locality: “Helosig,” Leyte, Philippines].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not overreaching 2nd segment of antennular peduncle, dorsal margin horizontal, armed with 8–10 subequal teeth, all on rostrum anterior to orbital margin, without subapical teeth, ventral margin unarmed. Suborbital angle fused with antennal spine; pterygostomian margin subacute, not rounded. Telson with posteromedian projection, sublateral pair of posterior spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite not reaching level of distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with carpus about twice as long as wide, not excavate distally for reception of chela. Third pereopod with dactyl slightly more than 3 times as long as wide. Maximum postorbital carapace length probably about 1.5 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the type locality.

20. Caridina linduensis J. Roux, 1904

Caridina linduensis J. Roux, 1904:541, pl. 9: figs. 1–4 [type locality: Danau Lindu, Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia].—Bouvier, 1925:224, figs. 497–503.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum reaching about as far as distal end of antennular peduncle, dorsal margin horizontal or faintly sinuous, armed with 7–13 teeth on posterior , none on carapace posterior to orbital margin and none subapical, armed ventrally with 0–6 rather long, slender teeth. Suborbital angle not prominent, antennal spine very short; pterygostomian margin rounded. Telson without posteromedian projection, sublateral pair of posterior spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite not reaching level of distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with fingers slightly shorter than palm of chela, carpus slightly less than twice as long as wide, deeply excavate for reception of chela. Epipod reasonably well developed on 1st pereopod, reduced on 2nd, lacking on 3 posterior pairs. Eggs large, major diameter 0.95 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace length 4.5 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the type locality.

21. Caridina lingkonae Woltereck, 1937

Caridina Lingkonae Woltereck, 1937a:218, figs. I, 1; pls. 3, 6 [type locality: Danau Towuti, Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia].

Caridina lingkonae.—Woltereck, 1937b:299, fig. 6.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum usually overreaching antennular peduncle, dorsal margin slightly concave, armed throughout length with 16–27 teeth, including 3 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, armed ventrally with 8–16 teeth. Telson without posteromedian projection, sublateral pair of posterior spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite not overreaching distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with fingers longer than palm of chela, carpus 4–6 times as long as wide. Epipod reduced on 1st pereopod, lacking on 4 posterior pairs. Eggs large, major diameter 0.70–0.98 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace length probably about 5 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the type locality lake in central Celebes.

22. Caridina loehae Woltereck, 1937

Caridina Loehae Woltereck, 1937a:222, figs. I, 5a–d; pls. 3, 6 [type locality: Danau Matana and Danau Towuti, Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia].

Caridina loehae.—Woltereck, 1937b:304, fig. 9.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum reaching about as far as distal end of antennular peduncle, dorsal margin faintly sinuous, armed on posterior or with 10–17 teeth, including 1–3 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, without subapical teeth, armed ventrally with 4–7 teeth. Telson without posteromedian projection, sublateral pair of posterior spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite not overreaching distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with fingers subequal to palm of chela, carpus about twice as long as wide. Epipods on two anterior pairs of pereopods only. Eggs large, major diameter 0.76–0.99 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace length probably about 4 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from lakes in central Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia.

FIGURE 6.—Caridina longirostris from Zamboanga Canal, Mindanao, a,f–r, male with carapace length of 3.3 mm; b–e, male with carapace length of 3.4 mm: a, anterior carapace and appendages, lateral aspect; b, posterior abdomen; c, tail fan, dorsal aspect; d, posterior margin of telson; e, diaeresis of exopod of right uropod; f, right antennule, dorsal aspect; g, right antenna, ventral aspect; h, right 3rd maxilliped; i, right 1st pereopod; j, right 2nd pereopod; k, right 3rd pereopod; l, same, dactyl; m, right 4th pereopod; n, same, dactyl; o, right 5th pereopod; p, same, dactyl; q, endopod of right 1st pleopod; r, right appendix masculina and appendix interna.

*23. Caridina longirostris H. Milne Edwards, 1837

FIGURES 6–8

Caridina longirostris H. Milne Edwards, 1837:363 [type locality: Macta River, near Oran, Algeria (probably erroneous)].—Holthuis, 1965:20, fig. 6.

Caridina gracillima.—Blanco, 1935:32, pl. 1: figs. 5–10 [not C. gracillima Lanchester, 1901].

Caridina modigliani.—Blanco, 1935:34, pl. 2: figs. 19–24 [not C. modigliani Nobili, 1900].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum (Figures 6a, 7a) overreaching antennal scale, dorsal margin ascendant in anterior , armed with 15–30 teeth, chiefly in posterior , including 1–3 on carapace posterior to orbital margin and 1–3 subapical teeth separated by unarmed space from remainder of series, armed ventrally with 2–22 teeth. Suborbital angle distinct, sometimes subacute; pterygostomian margin rather narrowly rounded. Telson (Figures 6c,d, 7d,e,g) with posteromedian projection elevated above true posterior margin, sublateral pair of posterior spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite (Figures 6f, 7h) not nearly reaching level of distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod (Figures 6i, 7k) with fingers distinctly longer than palm of chela, carpus about twice as long as wide, not deeply excavate distally for reception of chela. Third pereopod (Figures 6k,l, 7m,n) with dactyl nearly 4 times as long as wide. Epipods on all but 5th pereopod. Eggs small, major diameter about 0.4 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace length about 7 mm.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. “Batangas” River, Batangas, Luzon [13°45′N, 121°03′E], 7 Jun 1908, 15′ seine: 4 ovig. females [4.6–5.4].—Nato River, Lagonoy Gulf, Luzon; 13°36′N, 123°33′E, tidewater, 18 Jun 1909 (0630): 1 male [3.4] 14 ovig. females [4.4–5.7].—“Cabugao” River, Catanduanes Island [13°37′N, 124°17′E], 9 Jun 1909 (0900), 25′ seine: 1 male [4.1] 3 ovig. females [4.4–5.4].—River and beach, Tilik, Lubang Island [13°49′N, 120°12′E], 14 Jul 1908: 10 males [3.3–3.9] 10 ovig. females [4.7–5.8].—Calawagan River 3 miles [4.8 km] from mouth, Mindoro [13°25′N, 120°28′E], 11 Dec 1908 (1500), 16′ seine: 75 males [1.8–3.8] 63 females [1.7–5.8], 6 ovig. [3.8–5.8].—Pangauaran River, Port Caltom, Busuanga Island [12°11′N, 120°05′E], 16 Dec 1908 (0700), 25′ seine: 1? [3.7].—Malaga River, Hinunangan Bay, Leyte [10°24′N, 125°12′E], 30 Jul 1909: 138 males [2.0–3.9] 203 females [2.0–6.3], 91 ovig. [4.2–6.3], 5 juv [1.7–1.9].—Malabang River, Mindanao [7°36′N, 124°04′], 21 May 1908 (1500): 1 ovig. female [3.7].—Baganga River, Mindanao [7°35′N 126°33′E], 13 May 1908 (1300): 1 male with abdominal bopyrid [4.4] 10 females [4.0–6.1], 9 ovig. [4.4–6.1].—Cotabato, Mindanao, small stream on south side of river [7°13′N, 124°15′E], 20 May 1908: 4 females [3.2–3.7].—Zamboanga Canal, Mindanao [6°54′N, 122°04′E], 8 Oct 1909, 25′ seine: 10 males [3.1–3.4] 32 females [3.5–6.4], 28 ovig. [5.0–6.4].—Lake Ernestine, Cagayan Sulu Island [6 °59′N, 118°31′E], 8 Jan 1909: 3 males [3.8–4.2] 4 females [4.6–5.1], 3 ovig. [4.6–5.1].

FIGURE 7.—Caridina longirostris from Nato River, Lagonoy Gulf, Luzon, a–f,h–q,t,u, male with carapace length of 3.4 mm; g,r,s, ovigerous female with carapace length of 5.4 mm: a, anterior carapace and appendages, lateral aspect; b, posterior abdomen; c, pre-anal tooth, lateral aspect; d, tail fan, dorsal aspect; e, posterior margin of telson; f, diaeresis of exopod of right uropod; g, posterior margin of telson; h, right antennule, dorsal aspect; i, right antenna, ventral aspect; j, right 3rd maxilliped; k, right 1st pereopod; l, right 2nd pereopod; m, right 3rd pereopod; n, same, dactyl; o, right 4th pereopod; p, same, dactyl; q, right 5th pereopod; r, right 5th pereopod; s, same, dactyl; t, endopod of right 1st pleopod; u, right appendix masculina and appendix interna.

BORNEO. “Tawao” River, 30 Sep 1909 (0930), mud, sand; dynamite: 1 male [4.2].

CELEBES. Gorontalo [0°33′N, 123°03′E], 15 Nov 1909, market: 134 males [3.2–4.8] 103 females [3.9–5.3], 67 ovig. [4.4–5.3].

RANGE.—Because this species has usually been identified under other names, its overall range is still uncertain. Apparently it occurs throughout the Philippines and Indonesia, as well as in Madagascar, and it may be considerably more widespread.

REMARKS.—If the presence or absence of an appendix interna on the endopod of the first pleopod were accepted as a primary specific character (Holthuis, 1965:9), 37 of the males from the Calawagan River, Mindoro, should be assigned to C. longirostris, and 38 to another species. Similarly, only 52 of the males from the Malaga River, Leyte, have an appendix interna on that appendage, and 86 do not. All attempts to correlate other characters with the presence or absence of that appendix have failed. As shown in Figure 8, that appendix displays various degrees of development, irrespective of specimen size, and it therefore seems to be an unreliable character in this species.

FIGURE 8.—Caridina longirostris, endopods of right 1st pleopods of males from Malaga River, Leyte, 30 July 1909; numerals in parentheses indicate postorbital carapace lengths.

There is even slight doubt that C. longirostris is distinct from C. nilotica, as maintained by Holthuis (1965:21), but it is so treated here in order to emphasize the differences between populations from various localities in the Philippines, based largely on the presence or absence of a posteromedian tooth on the telson.

In the series from the Malaga River, Leyte, young males with the appendix masculina less than fully developed vary in carapace length from 2.0 to 2.3 mm.

24. Caridina masapi Woltereck, 1937

Caridina Masapi Woltereck, 1937a:223, figs. I, 6a–h; pls. 3, 6 [type localities: the lakes (Danau): D. Matana, D. Mahalona, D. Towuti, and D. Wawontoa, furthermore a lake near Masapi, and a stream between the first two lakes, all localities in S.E. Central Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia].

Caridina masapi.—Woltereck, 1937b:306, fig. 10.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum falling short of or overreaching distal end of antennular peduncle, dorsal margin nearly straight or slightly ascendant anteriorly, armed on posterior or more with 11–19 teeth, including 1–4 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, without subapical teeth, armed ventrally with 4–10 teeth. Telson without posteromedian projection, sublateral pair of posterior spines shorter than, or subequal to, intermediate pairs. Stylocerite not overreaching distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with fingers about as long as palm of chela, carpus 2–3 times as long as wide. Epipod on 1st pereopod only. Eggs very large, major diameter 0.94–1.30 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace length probably less than 5 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the original records from five lakes and a stream in southeast central Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia.

25. Caridina mertoni J. Roux, 1911

Caridina mertoni J. Roux, 1911:84 [type locality: “Grand-Kei,” Kepulauan Ewab (Kepulauan Kai), Indonesia].

Caridina Mertoni.—Bouvier, 1925:191, figs. 398–408.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not nearly reaching distal end of antennular peduncle, dorsal margin mostly horizontal, curving slightly ventrad near apex, armed nearly to apex with 15–27 teeth, including 3–5 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, armed ventrally with 3–10 teeth. Suborbital angle obscure, largely fused with antennal spine; pterygostomian margin rectangularly rounded. Telson with posterior spines subequal.

Stylocerite not reaching nearly to level of distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with carpus about twice as long as wide, distinctly but not deeply excavate distally. Third pereopod with dactyl nearly 4 times as long as wide. Epipods on all but 5th pereopod. Eggs small, major diameter 0.35 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace length 4.5 mm.

RANGE.—Waigeo and Kepulauan Ewab.

26. Caridina modiglianii Nobili, 1900

Caridina Modiglianii Nobili, 1900:477 [type locality: “Kifa-juc,” Pulau Enggano, Indonesia].

Caridina Modigliani.—Bouvier, 1925:159, figs. 332–335.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum overreaching antennal scale, ascendant anteriorly, armed dorsally with 20 teeth in posterior portion, including 5 on carapace posterior to orbital margin and 1 subapical tooth, armed ventrally with 21 teeth. Pterygostomian margin rounded. First pereopod with fingers longer than palm of chela, carpus nearly twice as long as wide, not deeply excavate distally. Maximum postorbital carapace length about 5 or 6 mm.

RANGE.—Known with certainty only from the type locality.

REMARKS.—This species, which is based on a single incomplete female, seems to be identical with C. longirostris, except for the number of teeth of the dorsal rostral series that are situated on the carapace posterior to the orbital margin. According to Bouvier (1925:160), C. modiglianii has five postorbital teeth, whereas I have seen no more than three in any material of C. longirostris that I have examined. It seems best, therefore, to retain Nobili's name until additional material from the type locality can be studied.

27. Caridina multidentata Stimpson, 1860

Caridina multidentata Stimpson, 1860:29 [type locality: Bonin Islands (Ogasawara Gunto)].—Bouvier, 1925:220, figs. 487–492.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not reaching distal end of antennular peduncle, dorsally convex or straight and directed slightly ventrad, armed dorsally with 20–30 teeth, including 1 or 2 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, without subapical teeth, armed ventrally with 5–14 teeth. Suborbital angle fused with antennal spine; pterygostomian margin rounded. Stylocerite falling far short of distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with carpus more than twice as long as wide, deeply excavate distally for reception of chela. Third pereopod with dactyl less than 3 times as long as wide. Eggs large, major diameter nearly 1 mm. Maximum carapace length about 7.5 mm.

RANGE.—Recorded from Sumatra, Celebes, and Batjan, but Indonesian material has not been compared directly with specimens from the Bonin Islands, and its identification must be considered questionable for the time being.

*28. Caridina nilotica (P. Roux, 1833)

FIGURES 9, 10

Pelias niloticus P. Roux, 1833:73, fig. 1 [type locality: Cairo, Egypt].

Caridina Wyckii var. gracilipes De Man, 1892:387, pl. 24: fig. 29–29e [type localities: Sulawesi (Celebes) and Selajar, Indonesia].

Caridina nilotica var. minahassae De Man, 1902:895 [type locality: Minahasa, Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia].

Caridina nilotica var. brachydactyla De Man, 1908:269, pl. 20: fig. 8 [type locality: Sulawesi (Celebes), Selajar, and Flores, Indonesia].—Blanco, 1935:33, pl. 2: fig. 18.

Caridina aruensis J. Roux, 1911:82 [type locality: Kepulauan Aru, Indonesia].

Caridina nilotica var. brevidactyla J. Roux, 1919:320 [type locality: 9 localities in Kepulauan Aru, Indonesia].

Caridina nilotica.—Holthuis, 1965:15, fig. 5.

DIAGNOSIS (Philippine specimens).—Rostrum (Figures 9a, 10a) overreaching antennal scale, dorsal margin ascendant in anterior , armed with 8–19 teeth, chiefly in posterior , including 0–3 on carapace posterior to orbital margin and 1 or 2 subapical teeth separated by unarmed space from remainder of series, armed ventrally with 7–26 teeth. Suborbital angle distinct, acute or subacute; pterygostomian margin broadly rounded, not produced. Telson (Figures 9c,d, 10c,d) without posteromedian projection but with 1 or 2 minute median spinules, sublateral pair of posterior spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite (Figures 9f, 10f) not nearly reaching level of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod (Figures 9i, 10i) with fingers longer than palm of chela, carpus about twice as long as wide, not noticeably excavate distally for reception of chela. Third pereopod (Figures 9k,l, 10k,l) with dactyl 4 times as long as wide. Epipods on all but 5th pereopod. Eggs fairly large, major diameter 0.78–0.86 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace carapace length about 5 mm.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Vicars Landing, Lake Lanao, Mindanao, 22 May 1908, seine: 1 male [3.3] 19 females [3.1–4.8], 5 ovig. [4.0–4.8].—Passi, Panay [10°43′N, 122°03′E], 13 Jan 1909: 13 males [2.0–2.7] 21 females [2.1–4.0], 3 ovig. [3.6–4.0].

FIGURE 9.—Caridina nilotica, male with carapace length of 2.5 mm from Passi, Panay: a, anterior carapace and appendages, lateral aspect; b, posterior abdomen; c, tail fan, dorsal aspect; d, posterior margin of telson; e, diaeresis of exopod of right uropod; f, right antennule, dorsal aspect; g, right antenna, ventral aspect; h, right 3rd maxilliped; i, right 1st pereopod; j, right 2nd pereopod; k, right 3rd pereopod; l, same, dactyl; m, right 4th pereopod; n, same, dactyl; o, right 5th pereopod; p, same, dactyl; q, same, spines on flexor margin; r, endopod of right 1st pleopod; s, right appendix masculina and appendix interna.

RANGE.—Recorded over an extensive range from eastern Africa to Polynesia but in need of additional study and analysis.

REMARKS.—The two Philippine lots identified as C. nilotica are consistently different and may subsequently be assigned to distinct species. The specimens from Panay (Figure 9) have 8–14 dorsal teeth on the rostrum, of which at most one (more frequently none) are situated on the carapace posterior to the orbital margin, and they have the posterior margin of the telson armed with long, slender spines. The Mindanao specimens (Figure 10) have 10–19 dorsal rostral teeth, of which two or three are on the carapace, and 12–26 ventral teeth, and the posterior margin of the telson is armed with short, stout spines. Otherwise, the specimens in both lots agree with the description of the species in Holthuis (1965), except for the absence of an appendix interna on the endopod of the first pleopod (see “Remarks” under C. longirostris).

FIGURE 10.—Caridina nilotica from Lake Lanao, Mindanao, a–c,e–s, male with carapace length of 3.3 mm; d, ovigerous female with carapace length of 4.0 mm: a, anterior carapace and appendages, lateral aspect; b, posterior abdomen; c, tail fan, dorsal aspect; d, posterior margin of telson; e, diaeresis of exopod of right uropod; f, right antennule, dorsal aspect; g, right antenna, ventral aspect; h, right 3rd maxilliped; i, right 1st pereopod; j, right 2nd pereopod; k, right 3rd pereopod; l, same, dactyl; m, right 4th pereopod; n, same, dactyl; o, right 5th pereopod; p, same, dactyl; q, same, spines on flexor margin; r, endopod of right 1st pleopod; s, right appendix masculina and appendix interna.

29. Caridina opaensis J. Roux, 1904

Caridina opaensis J. Roux, 1904:547, pl. 9: figs. 8–10 [type locality: Opa Swamp in southeast Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia, at about 4°10′S, 122°10′E].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum reaching about as far as midlength of 2nd segment of antennular peduncle, dorsal margin horizontal or inclined slightly ventrad, armed with 17 or 18 teeth, including 3–5 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, without subapical teeth, armed ventrally with 3 or 4 teeth. Suborbital angle rounded, not prominent; pterygostomian margin rounded. Telson with sublateral pair of posterior spines slightly longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite not reaching level of distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with fingers slightly shorter than palm of chela, carpus 3 times as long as wide, distal end not deeply excavate for reception of chela. Epipods on 2 anterior pereopods, lacking on 3 posterior pairs. Maximum postorbital carapace length 3.25 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the type locality.

30. Caridina pareparensis De Man, 1892

Caridina pareparensis De Man, 1892:379, pl. 22: fig. 25–25b [type locality: near Parepare, Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia].—Bouvier, 1925:236, figs. 538–543.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not reaching as far as distal end of antennular peduncle, faintly sinuous dorsally with 13–18 teeth, including 3 or 4 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, unarmed near apex, armed ventrally with 0–3 teeth. Suborbital angle obscure; pterygostomian margin rounded. Posterior margin of telson convex, sublateral pair of posterior spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite not reaching as far as distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with carpus rather deeply excavate for reception of chela. Third pereopod with dactyl nearly 4 times as long as wide. Epipods well developed on 1st and 2nd pereopods, greatly reduced on 3rd, rudimentary on 4th. Eggs fairly large, 0.8–0.9 mm in major diameter. Maximum postorbital carapace length probably less than 3 mm.

RANGE.—Apparently known only from the type locality.

31. Caridina rouxi De Man, 1915

Caridina rouxi De Man, 1915:387, pl. 27: figs. 1–11 [type locality: Bouganville Mountains on the north coast of New Guinea at about 141°E].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not overreaching 2nd segment of antennular peduncle, dorsal margin nearly horizontal, armed with 13–18 teeth, including 2–4 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, without subapical teeth, armed ventrally with 3–8 teeth. Suborbital angle barely discernible, almost completely fused with antennal spine; pterygostomian margin rounded. Telson with posteromedian projection, sublateral pair of posterior spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite not reaching level of distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with fingers longer than palm of chela, carpus about twice as long as wide, very feebly excavate distally. Third pereopod with dactyl less than 4 times as long as wide. Eggs large, 1.15 mm in major diameter. Maximum postorbital carapace length probably about 4 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the type locality.

32. Caridina sarasinorum Schenkel, 1902

Caridina sarasinorum Schenkel, 1902:492, pl. 8: figs. 2a–e, 4a [type locality: Danau Poso, Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia].

Caridina Sarasinorum.—Bouvier, 1925:168, figs. 356–359.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum falling short of or slightly overreaching distal end of antennal scale, slightly ascendant anteriorly, armed dorsally with 12–19 teeth on posterior , including 3–7 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, unarmed on anterior , armed ventrally with 8–17 teeth. Suborbital angle distinct but not prominent; pterygostomian margin rounded but not broadly so. Telson with sublateral pair of posterior spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite reaching nearly as far as distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with fingers shorter than palm of chela, carpus about twice as long as wide, not excavate distally. Epipod on 1st pereopod only. Major diameter of eggs 0.60 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace length about 3.8 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the type locality.

*33. Caridina serratirostris De Man, 1892

FIGURE 11

Caridina serratirostris De Man, 1892:382, pl. 23: figs. 28–28e [type locality: “Bangkalan” and “Bonea” rivers, Selajar, Indonesia].—Bouvier, 1925:218, figs. 480–486.—Kubo, 1938:92, fig. 21.—Holthuis, 1965:25, fig. 8.

Caridina serratirostris var. celebensis De Man, 1892:385, pl. 23: figs. 28f–h [type locality: river at Palopo, Luwu, Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum (Figure 11a) not reaching as far as distal end of antennular peduncle, dorsal margin nearly horizontal, armed virtually to apex with 16–33 teeth, including 5–13 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, armed ventrally with 3–7 teeth. Suborbital angle not prominent but distinct from antennal spine; pterygostomian margin rounded. Telson (Figure 11c,d) with posteromedian projection elevated above true posterior margin, sublateral pair of posterior spines shorter than intermediate setae. Stylocerite (Figure 11f) overreaching distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod (Figure 11i) with fingers longer than palm of chela, carpus more than 4 times as long as wide, not deeply excavate distally. Third pereopod (Figure 11k,l) with dactyl fully 4 times as long as wide. Epipods on all but 5th pereopod. Eggs small, major diameter about 0.35 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace length little more than 5 mm.

FIGURE 11.—Caridina serratirostris, male with carapace length of 2.7 mm from Malaga River, Leyte, 30 July 1909: a, anterior carapace and appendages, lateral aspect; b, posterior abdomen; c, tail fan, dorsal aspect; d, posterior margin of telson; e, diaeresis of exopod of right uropod; f, right antennule, dorsal aspect; g, right antenna, ventral aspect; h, right 3rd maxilliped; i, right 1st pereopod; j, right 2nd pereopod; k, right 3rd pereopod; l, same, dactyl; m, right 4th pereopod; n, same, dactyl; o, right 5th pereopod; p, same, dactyl; q, endopod of right 1st pleopod; r, right appendix masculina and appendix interna.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Palawig River, Port San Vicente, Luzon [18°28′N, 122°09′E], 14 Nov 1908, seine: 1 ovig. female [5.0].—“Batangas” River, Batangas, Luzon [13°45′N, 121°03′E], 7 Jun 1908, 15′ seine: 1 ovig. female [3.4].—Calawagan River, Mindoro [13°25′N, 120°28′E], 11 Dec 1908 (1500), 16′ seine: 2 females [2.8, 3.8], 1 ovig. [3.8].—Malaga River, Hinunangan Bay, Leyte [10°24′N, 125°12′E], 30 Jul 1909: 149 males [1.9–3.4] 94 females [2.5–5.2], 83 ovig. [3.2–5.2].—Zamboanga Canal, Mindanao [6°54′N, 122°04′E] 8 Oct 1909, 25′ seine: 1 ovig. female [5.1].

RANGE.—Madagascar, Seychelles, and Mauritius to Okinawa, northeastern Australia, and the Fiji Islands.

34. Caridina spinata Woltereck, 1937

Caridina spinata Woltereck, 1937a:221, figs. I, 3; pls. 3, 6 [type locality: Danau Towuti and Danau Matana, Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia]; 1937b:302, fig. 8.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum overreaching antennular peduncle, dorsal margin slightly upcurved anteriorly, armed with 16–23 teeth, including 3 on carapace posterior to orbital margin and 1 or 2 subapical, armed ventrally with 5–10 teeth. Telson without posteromedian projection, sublateral pair of posterior spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite not overreaching distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with fingers longer than palm of chela, carpus 4 or 5 times as long as wide. Epipods lacking from all pereopods. Eggs rather large, major diameter 0.70–0.77 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace length probably about 3 or 4 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from lakes in central Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia.

35. Caridina sundanella Holthuis, 1978

Caridina sundanella Holthuis, 1978a:32, figs. 11, 12 [type locality: “Waikamburu” Brook, 4 km north of Waimangura, western Sumba, Indonesia, about 250 m above sea level].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum reaching little if at all beyond 2nd segment of antennular peduncle, straight or curved slightly ventrad, armed dorsally over most of length with 19–26 close-set denticles, including 3 or 4 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, armed ventrally with 6–8 teeth. Suborbital angle distinct, blunt, subacute; pterygostomian margin rounded. Telson with small posteromedian projection, sublateral pair of posterior spines no longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite not nearly reaching level of distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with fingers longer than palm of chela, carpus twice as long as wide, excavated distally for reception of chela. Third pereopod with dactyl more than twice as long as wide. Epipods on all but 5th pereopod. Maximum postorbital carapace length 9 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the type locality on Sumba, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia.

36. Caridina tenuirostris Woltereck, 1937

Caridina tenuirostris Woltereck, 1937a:224, figs. I, 8; pls. 3, 6 [type locality: Danau Towuti near Lingkona, Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia]; 1937b:309, fig. 12.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum overreaching antennal scale, dorsal margin slightly concave, armed on posterior with 11–17 teeth, including 1 or 2 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, without subapical teeth, armed ventrally with 12–15 teeth. Telson without posteromedian projection, sublateral pair of posterior spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite not overreaching distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with carpus less than twice as long as wide. Epipod on 1st pereopod only. Eggs fairly large, major diameter 0.72 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace length probably little more than 3 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the type locality.

37. Caridina timorensis De Man, 1893

Caridina timorensis De Man, 1893:300, pl. 8: fig. 6 [type locality: Lake Nefko, east of Kuoang, S. Timor, Indonesia].—Bouvier, 1925:189, figs. 394–397.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum reaching to or slightly beyond distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle, dorsal margin nearly horizontal, armed with 1–5 irregularly spaced teeth, none postorbital or subapical, armed ventrally with 3–5 teeth. Suborbital angle obscure but not fused with antennal spine; pterygostomian margin broadly rounded. Sublateral pair of posterior spines of telson slightly longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite not nearly reaching level of distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with fingers little longer than palm of chela, carpus 1 times as long as wide, rather deeply excavate distally for reception of chela. Epipods on all but 5th pereopod. Eggs large, major diameter 1.2 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace length probably less than 4 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the type locality.

38. Caridina towutensis Woltereck, 1937

Caridina Towutensis Woltereck, 1937a:220, figs. I, 2; pls. 3, 6 [type locality: south end of Danau Towuti, Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia].

Caridina towutensis.—Woltereck, 1937b:301, fig. 7.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not reaching as far as distal end of antennular peduncle, dorsal margin slightly convex, especially in posterior , armed with 14–22 teeth becoming widely spaced anteriorly, including about 4 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, without subapical teeth, armed ventrally with 0–5 teeth. Telson without posteromedian projection, sublateral pair of posterior spines longer than intermediate pairs. Stylocerite not overreaching distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with fingers nearly twice as long as palm of chela, carpus about 6 times as long as wide. Epipods lacking from all pereopods. Maximum postorbital carapace length 3 or 4 mm.

FIGURE 12.—Caridina villadolidi, male with carapace length of 3.7 mm from Calawagan River, Mindoro: a, anterior carapace and appendages, lateral aspect; b. posterior abdomen; c, tail fan, dorsal aspect; d, posterior margin of telson; e, diaeresis of exopod of right uropod; f, right antennule, dorsal aspect; g, right antenna, ventral aspect; h, right 3rd maxilliped; i, right 1st pereopod;h, right 2nd pereopod; k. right 3rd pereopod; l, same, dactyl; m, right 4th pereopod; n, same, dactyl; o, right 5th pereopod; p, same, dactyl; q, endopod of right 1st pleopod; r. right appendix masculina and appendix interna.

RANGE.—Known only from the type locality.

39. Caridina typus H. Milne Edwards, 1837

Caridina typus H. Milne Edwards, 1837:363 [type locality unknown]; 1840, pl. 25bis: figs. 4, 5.—Holthuis, 1965:10, fig. 3.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not overreaching antennular peduncle, dorsal margin convex, especially near apex, unarmed, armed ventrally with 1–6 teeth. Suborbital angle indistinguishably fused with antennal spine; pterygostomian margin subrectangular.

Telson without prominent posteromedian projection but with strong posterolateral one, sublateral pair of posterior spines slightly shorter than seta-like intermediate pairs. Stylocerite not nearly reaching level of distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with fingers shorter than palm of chela, carpus about 1 times as long as wide, deeply excavate distally for reception of chela. Third pereopod with dactyl about 3 times as long as wide. Epipods on all but 5th pereopod. Eggs small, major diameter about 0.4 mm. Maximum postorbital carapace length about 8 mm.

RANGE.—Eastern Africa to Japan and Polynesia. (In the Smithsonian collections is a lot consisting of two males and two females collected in March, 1976, by Martha McCullough, from streams on Napo Point, near Moron, Bataan, Luzon, Philippines, that I identify with this species.)

*40. Caridina villadolidi Blanco, 1939

FIGURE 12

Caridina villadolidi Blanco, 1939:389, pl. 1 [type locality: Laoag River, Laoag, Province of Ilocos Norte, Luzon, Philippines].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum (Figure 12a) extending nearly to or slightly beyond distal end of antennal scale, trending slightly ventrad anteriorly, unarmed dorsally, armed ventrally with 1–7 inconspicuous teeth. Suborbital angle completely and indistinguishably fused with antennal spine; pterygostomian margin rather narrowly rounded. Telson with rather prominent posteromedian projection elevated above true posterior margin, sublateral pair of posterior spines longer than, but not appreciably overreaching, intermediate pairs. Stylocerite (Figure 12f) nearly reaching level of distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod (Figure 12i) with fingers longer than palm, carpus only slightly longer than palm, carpus only slightly longer than wide, deeply excavate for reception of chela. Third pereopod (Figure 12k,l) with dactyl less than 3 times as long as wide. Epipods on all but 5th pereopod. Eggs small, little more than 0.4 mm in major diameter. Maximum postorbital carapace length about 9 mm.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Fish ponds across “Malabon” River at “Malabon,” Luzon [14°12′N, 122°53′E], 12 Jul 1908: 1 ovig. female [5.4].—Vigo River near Port Tilic, Lubang Island [13°50′N], 15 Jul 1908: 1 ovig. female [6.5].—Calawagan River, 3 miles [4.8 km] from mouth, Mindoro [13°25′N, 120°28′E], 11 Dec 1908 (1500), 16′ seine: 7 males [2.8–4.4] 5 females [2.8–6.8], 1 ovig. [6.8].—Malaga River, Hinunangan Bay, Leyte [10°24′N, 125°12′E], 30 Jul 1909: 3 males [4.5–5.0] 4 females [2.8–8.5], 3 ovig. [6.7–8.5].—Baganga River, Mindanao [7°35′N, 126°33′E], 13 May 1908 (1300): 2 males [2.8, 3.4], 2 ovig. females [4.8, 5.6].—Lake Ernestine, Cagayan Sulu Island [6°59′N, 118°31′E], 8 Jan 1909: 1 female [6.1].

RANGE.—Known previously only from the type locality.

REMARKS.—This species is probably a synonym of C. typus var. longirostris De Man, 1892:369, from Sulawesi (Celebes) and Selajar, Indonesia, and possibly, in tum, of C. exilirostris Stimpson, 1860:29, from the Ryukyu Islands, but the Philippine populations are so morphologically uniform that it seems best to call them by Blanco's name for the present.

41. Caridina weberi De Man, 1892

Caridina Weberi De Man, 1892:371, pl. 22: figs. 23–23g [type locality: Kotting, Flores, Indonesia].—Bouvier, 1925:242, figs. 562–571.

Caridina weberi Edmondson, 1935b:8, figs. 3a-f, 4g,h.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not reaching as far as distal end of antennular peduncle, dorsal margin horizontal or slanting ventrad, armed with 7–20 teeth reaching nearly to apex, including 0–6 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, armed ventrally with 0–10 teeth. Suborbital angle indistinguishably fused with antennal spine; pterygostomian margin rounded. Stylocerite not reaching as far as distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle. First pereopod with carpus variably excavate for reception of chela. Eggs small, about 0.3 mm in major diameter. Maximum postorbital carapace length probably not exceeding 8 mm.

RANGE.—Indonesia and Polynesia as far east as the Marquesas Islands.

REMARKS.—Several varieties of this species (celebensis Schenkel, 1902; keiensis J. Roux, 1911; papuana Nobili, 1905a; parvirostris De Man, 1892; and sumatrensis De Man, 1892) are recognized by Bouvier (1925). They are characterized chiefly by the dentition and inclination of the rostrum, the form of the chela and carpus of the first pereopod, and the proportions of the distal segments of the fifth pereopod.

Edoneus Holthuis, 1978

Edoneus Holthuis, 1978b:219 [type species, by original designation: Edoneus atheatus Holthuis, 1978b:220; gender: masculine].

DIAGNOSIS.—Carapace without supraorbital or any other spines, pterygostomian margin broadly rounded. Telson with posterolateral angles not produced. Eyes unpigmented, degenerate. Pereopods without exopods, 2nd pair with carpus not noticeably excavate, fully 5 times as long as wide.

RANGE.—Known only from the Philippines; subterranean.

REMARKS.—Only one species is known.

42. Edoneus atheatus Holthuis, 1978

Edoneus atheatus Holthuis, 1978b:220, figs. 5, 6 [type locality: cave near Disiluad, barrio Palasian, Aglipay municipality, Quirino province, N. Luzon, Philippines, 16°27′N, 121°38.5′E].—Balete and Holthuis, 1992:99.

DIAGNOSIS.—Characters of genus; maximum carapace length 5.5 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the type locality, a cave in north central Luzon.

Paratya Miers, 1882

Paratya Miers, 1882:194 [type species, by monotypy: Ephyra compressa De Haan, 1844, pl. 46: fig. 7; gender: feminine],

Xiphocaridina Bouvier, 1909:1729 [type species, selected by Holthuis, 1955:21: Ephyra compressa De Haan, 1844, pl. 46: fig. 7; gender: feminine].

Xiphatyoida J. Roux, 1915:225 [type species, selected by J. Roux, 1926:196: Paratya (Xiphatyoida) typa J. Roux, 1926:196; gender: feminine].

DIAGNOSIS.—Carapace with supraorbital spine, pterygostomian margin rounded. Telson with posterolateral angles not produced. Eyes pigmented, not degenerate. All pereopods with exopods, 2nd pair with carpus not deeply excavate, distinctly longer than wide.

RANGE.—As noted by Holthuis (1970:103) and Carpenter (1977:42), the dozen or so species of Paratya occur in an arc extending from eastern Siberia, Korea, and Japan to Vietnam and the Lesser Sunda Islands to Australia, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands, New Zealand, and Chatham Island. It may be coincidental that all of these localities are situated to the west of the Andesite Line and all but Chatham Island are confined to the Eurasian and Indian-Australian lithospheric plates (see Springer, 1982).

43. Paratya martensi J. Roux, 1925

Paratya martensi J. Roux, 1925:146 [type locality: Adonara, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia],

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum reaching level of distal end of lantennal scale, armed dorsally with 6–10 teeth, ventrally with 1–3. First pereopod with carpus less than twice as long as wide. Second pereopod with carpus less than 5 times as long as wide. Third pereopod with propodus less than 2 times as long as dactyl.

RANGE.—Known only from the type locality slightly east of Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia.

*EUGONATONOTIDAE Chace, 1937

GOMPHONOTIDAE Chace, 1936:25.

EUGONATONOTIDAE Chace, 1937a:15.—Holthuis, 1955:39.

GONATONOTIDAE Gurney in Gurney and Lebour, 1941:122.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum discrete grossly dentate extension of and inflexibly attached to remainder of carapace. Carapace with longitudinal lateral ridges, without longitudinal suture or cardiac notch in posterior margin. Eyes normal, neither unusually long nor concealed beneath carapace. Antennule with 2 flagella, neither with accessory branch. Mandible with 3-jointed palp, usually without incisor process, molar process subtruncate, not flared distally. Second maxilla with normal endite, scaphognathite produced proximally only moderately into branchial chamber. First maxilliped with exopod not abutting endite, not displacing palp out of plane, exopod without partially detached lobe, lash well developed, caridean lobe bluntly produced slightly, distinctly overreaching endite. Second maxilliped with exopod, endopod composed of 4 segments, not terminating in 2 segments attached side by side to preceding segment, terminal segment applied as narrow strip to mesial margin of penultimate segment. Third maxilliped with exopod, composed of 5 segments, slender, pereopod-like, antepenultimate segment fused with next proximal segment. Pereopods with exopods on all 5 pairs, with strap-like epipods (mastigobranchs) on 4 anterior pairs without naked appendix extending vertically into branchial chamber, with arthrobranchs on 3 anterior pairs, 2 anterior pairs rather robust, fingers without terminal tuft of setae but bearing long lateral and terminal spines forming basket-like cage when closed, 1 st pair subequal, stouter and shorter than 2nd pair, with 1 finger movable, 1 finger fixed. Second pair of pereopods subequal, fixed finger not curving subrectangularly around short, broad movable finger, carpus entire, undivided. Third pereopod with flexor margin of dactyl spinose. First pleopod of male with endopod laminar, not large or elaborately convoluted.

RANGE.—Indo-West Pacific from Japan and northwestern Australia to the Tonga Islands; 100–610 meter. Western Atlantic from off Georgia to Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean as far as Nicaragua and Grenada; 53–610 meters.

REMARKS.—Only one genus is known.

*Eugonatonotus Schmitt, 1926

Gonatonotus A. Milne-Edwards, 1881:10 [type species, by monotypy: Gonatonotus crassus A. Milne-Edwards, 1881:10; gender; masculine. Invalid junior homonym of Gonatonotus Adams and White, 1847:57 (Crustacea Brachyura)].

Eugonatonotus Schmitt, 1926: “Corrigenda et Addenda” [substitute name for Gonatonotus A. Milne-Edwards, 1881; type species: Gonatonotus crassus A. Milne-Edwards, 1881:10; gender: masculine].

Gomphonotus Chace, 1936:25 [substitute name for Gonatonotus A. Milne-Edwards, 1881; type species therefore Gonatonotus crassus A. Milne-Edwards, 1881:10; gender: masculine].

DIAGNOSIS.—See family “Diagnosis,” above.

REMARKS.—Chan and Yu (1991) have listed the diagnostic characters of the two species recognized in the genus.

*44. Eugonatonotus chacei Chan and Yu, 1991

FIGURES 13a–f, 14

Eugonatonotus chacei Chan and Yu, 1991:144, fig. 1 [type locality: Ta-Shi, I-Lan County, Taiwan],

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum (Figure 13a–f) unarmed dorsally for at least distal of rostral length in adults, armed ventrally with 6–8 teeth. Third abdominal somite with median teeth about as long as marginal tooth on pleuron. Fifth tergite with paired dorsal ridges eroded, not sharply carinate, posterior margin armed with 4 teeth. Antennal spine not overreaching dorsal spine on basicerite. Ventral spine on basicerite not overreaching midlength of 2nd antennular segment. Third maxilliped (Figure 14u) with pair of distinct subdistal spines on flexor margin of antepenultimate segment in adult specimens. Two anterior pairs of pereopods with chelae heavily setose, especially on palm of 1st pair. Maximum postorbital carapace length 41.5 mm.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Off Tawitawi Island, Sulu Archipelago: sta 5162, 5°10′N, 119°47′30″E, 421 m, coarse sand, broken shells, 11.6°C, 22 Feb 1908 (1031–1046), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 1 juvenile (?) [18.0].

INDONESIA. West of Halmahera: sta 5621, 0°15′00″N, 127°24′35″E, 545 m, gray and black sand, 28 Nov 1909 (0950–1010), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 1 juvenile (?) [17.0]; sta 5626, 0°07′30″N, 127°29′00″E, 485 m, gray mud, fine sand, 29 Nov 1909 (1534–1552), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 female [24.0].—Southern end of Selat Patinti, southern Halmahera: sta 5629, 0°50′00″S, 128°12′00″E, 375 m, coral sand, 2 Dec 1909 (0643–0645), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl (badly damaged): 2 juveniles (?) [15.7, 17.3].—South of Pulau Muna, Sulawesi (Celebes), sta 5645, 5°29′06″S, 122°36′06″E, 377 m, 16 Dec 1909 (0954–0955), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 female [28.8].—West of Selat Salajar, southwestern Sulawesi (Celebes), sta 5661, 5°49′40″S, 120°24′30″E, 329 m, hard bottom, 10.3°C, 20 Dec 1909 (1624–1627), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl (net torn below lead line): 1 juvenile (?) [17.8].

RANGE.—Extreme eastern Indian Ocean northwest of Australia and western Pacific from Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, off Queensland, Chesterfield Islands, New Caledonia, Iles Loyaute, and the Tonga Islands; 100–610 meters.

REMARKS.—Inasmuch as specific differences between the Indonesian and western Atlantic populations were finally recognized in 1972, after having been overlooked during the preceding 40 years that comparable collections were available to me, most of the illustrations that were prepared at that time are reproduced here for what they may be worth and, especially, for comparison with those of the species of Rhynchocinetes that follow.

FIGURE 13.—Rostra of Eugonatonotus, a-f, E. chacei; g-p, E. crassus: a, juvenile (?) with carapace length of 15.7 mm from Albatross sta 5629; b, juvenile (?) with carapace length of 17.3 mm from Albatross sta 5629; c, female with carapace length of 17.8 mm from Albatross sta 5661; d, female with carapace length of 18.0 mm from Albatross sta 5162; e, female with carapace length of 24.0 mm from Albatross sta 5626; f, female with carapace length of 28.8 mm from Albatross sta 5645; g. juvenile (?) with carapace length of 10.9 mm from the Bahamas; h, juvenile (?) with carapace length of 11.7 mm from the Straits of Florida; i, juvenile (?) with carapace length of 13.3 mm from the Yucatan Channel; j, juvenile (?) with carapace length of 13.7 mm from southeast of the Dry Tortugas; k, female with carapace length of 17.5 mm from the Yucatan Channel; l, male with carapace length of 18.5 mm from the Straits of Florida; m, female with carapace length of 18.8 mm from east of Yucatan; n, male with carapace length of 21.0 mm from the Straits of Florida; o, female with carapace length of 21.1 mm from northwest of the Dry Tortugas; p, male with carapace length of 29.9 mm from northwest of the Dry Tortugas.

FIGURE 14.—Eugonatonotus chacei, a-i, female with carapace length of 28.8 mm from Albatross sta 5645;j–w, female with carapace length of 24.0 mm from Albatross sta 5626: a, 5th and 6th abdominal somites; b, chela and carpus of right 1 st pereopod; c. same, fingers, lateral aspect; d, same, mesial aspect; e, chela and carpus of right 2nd pereopod; f, same, fingers, lateral aspect; g, same, mesial aspect; h, same, extensor aspect; i, paired processes on 5th sternal somite; j, left eye, dorsal aspect; k, left antennule, dorsal aspect; l, left antenna, ventral aspect; m, right and left mandibles, ventral aspect; n, left and right mandibles, oral aspect; o, left and right mandibles, contact surfaces; p. right 1st maxilla; q, same, marginal setae on proximal endite; r, left 2nd maxilla; s, left 1st maxilliped; t, left 2nd maxilliped; u, left 3rd maxilliped; v, right 3rd pereopod; w, same, dactyl.

It may be determined from the six examples of E. chacei and the 10 specimens of E. crassus illustrated in Figure 13 that the unarmed subapical portion of the dorsal margin of the rostrum ranges from 29 to 39 per cent of the rostral length in E. chacei, whereas that unarmed portion amounts to only 15 to 21 per cent of the total length in E. crassus. Also, in these examples, the number of ventral teeth is either six or seven in E. chacei versus seven to nine in E. crassus; Chan and Yu (1991, table 1) found seven or eight in E. chacei, eight or nine in E. crassus.

*RHYNCHOCINETIDAE Ortmann, 1890

RHYNCHOCINETIDAE Ortmann, 1890:459.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum discrete grossly dentate extension of remainder of carapace but typically incompletely fused therewith. Carapace without longitudinal lateral ridges or suture or cardiac notch. Telson with 3 pairs of posterior marginal spines. Eyes normal, neither unusually long nor concealed beneath carapace. Antennule with 2 completely separate flagella, neither with accessory branch. Mandible with 3-jointed palp, rather broad incisor process, and molar process with transversely ridged grinding surface but not flared. Second maxilla with normal endite, scaphognathite produced proximally far into branchial chamber. First maxilliped with exopod not abutting endite, not displacing palp out of plane, exopod without partially detached lobe, lash well developed, caridean lobe not produced distally, distinctly overreaching endite. Second maxilliped with exopod, endopod composed of 4 segments, not terminating in 2 segments attached side by side to preceding segment, terminal segment applied as narrow strip to much wider penultimate segment. Third maxilliped with exopod, composed of 5 segments, slender, pereopod-like, antepenultimate segment fused with next proximal segment. Pereopods without exopods, with strap-like epipods (mastigobranchs) on 4 anterior pairs without naked appendix extending vertically into branchial chamber, with arthrobranchs on at least anterior pair, anterior pair subequal, stouter than second, with 1 finger movable, 1 finger fixed, 2nd pair subequal, fixed finger not curving subrectangularly around movable finger, carpus entire, undivided. Third pereopod with flexor margin of dactyl armed with few spines. First pleopod of male with endopod laminar, not unusually large or elaborately convoluted.

RANGE.—Throughout most tropical and several temperate regions of the world; littoral to 220 meters.

REMARKS.—Only one genus is recognized, but two seem justified, based on the first couplet in the following key to species.

*Rhynchocinetes H. Milne Edwards, 1837

Rhynchocinetes H. Milne Edwards, 1837:168 [type species, by monotypy: Rhynchocinetes typus H. Milne Edwards, 1837:168; gender: masculine].

DIAGNOSIS.—See family “Diagnosis,” above.

Key to Species of Rhynchocinetes

*45. Rhynchocinetes albatrossae, new species

FIGURES 15, 16

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum (Figure 15a,b) overreaching antennal scale, movably attached to remainder of carapace, armed dorsally with 2 teeth in posterior , 4 in cluster at tip, ventrally with 12 teeth. Integument with fine transverse striae. Carapace (Figure 15a) bearing 2 teeth in midline posterior to rostral juncture, sharp supraorbital tooth, and distinct pterygostomian tooth; orbital margin terminating ventrally in distinct rounded lobe at base of antennal spine. Abdomen (Figure 15c) without posterior tergal tooth on any somite; pleuron of 3rd somite with obscure marginal tooth, those of 4th and 5th somites acute at posteroventral angle; 6th somite with small posteroventral tooth not flared laterad. Telson with 3 pairs of dorsolateral and 3 pairs of posterior spines. Eye (Figure 15d) with prominent dorsal ocellus. Antennule (Figure 15e) with distolateral spine of basal segment slightly overreaching stylocerite and reaching nearly to distal margin of 2nd segment. Antennal scale (Figure 15f) nearly 5 times as long as wide, distolateral tooth far overreaching distally narrow blade. Mouthparts as illustrated (Figure 15g–m); 3rd maxilliped (Figure 15l,m) with cluster of 8 terminal and subterminal spines on ultimate segment, exopod nearly reaching distal end of antepenultimate segment. First pair of pereopods (Figure 16a,b) subequal; fingers not dentate on opposable margins, carpus and merus without unusually strong distal tooth. Second pereopod (Figure 16c,d) slender, no more robust than 3rd pereopod. Third pereopod (Figure 16e,f) with 2 spines on carpus, 3 on merus, and 1 on ischium. Fourth and 5th pereopods similarly armed. First pleopod of male with endopod (Figure 16g) distally acute, “appendix interna” with few distal cincinnuli, no distinct lobe on lateral margin. Appendix interna and appendix masculina on 2nd pleopod (Figure 16h) arising slightly distal to midlength of endopod, appendix interna distinctly overreaching appendix masculina. Arthrobranch on each of 3 anterior pereopods only. Maximum postorbital carapace length 4.5 mm.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Surigao Strait, east of Leyte, sta 5482, 10°27′30″N, 125°18′E, 123 m, broken shells, sand, and green mud, 30 Jul 1909 (0911–0935), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 2 males [4.0, 4.5], larger is holotype (USNM 264046).

TYPE LOCALITY.—Surigao Strait, Philippines; 123 meters.

RANGE.—Known only from the holotype and paratype from Surigao Strait; 123 meters.

REMARKS.—Confirmation of the validity of this species may depend on the determination of the color pattern, which seems to be an essential character in many species of Rhynchocinetes. In combining two teeth in the midline of the carapace posterior to the rostral articulation, a sharp supraorbital spine, a projecting lobe on the orbital margin at the base of the antennal spine, a pterygostomian tooth, abdominal terga without posterior marginal teeth, the stylocerite not overreaching the second antennular segment, and lacking a distinct lobe on the lateral margin of the endopod of the male first pleopod, R. albatrossae differs from all previously recognized species except R. durbanensis from South Africa and R. typus from Peru and Chile. From both of those species, it may be distinguished by having only 12, rather than more than 15, ventral teeth on the rostrum. In addition, it apparently differs from R. durbanensis by having only two, rather than three, dorsal teeth on the posterior two-thirds of the rostrum and the lobe on the orbital margin rounded rather than angular. The unequal anterior pereopods noted by Gordon (1936a:85, 87) in a specimen of R. durbanensis in the British Museum undoubtedly resulted from regeneration; Barnard (1950:764) described a specimen, similar in size to the one recorded by Gordon, in which the first pereopods were equal. From R. typus, too, it disagrees by having the distolateral spine on the basal segment of the antennular peduncle reaching nearly to the distal margin of the ultimate segment, the appendix interna on the endopod of the male second pleopod overreaching the appendix masculina, and the fourth pereopod without an arthrobranch.

FIGURE 15.—Rhynchocinetes albatrossae, new species, male holotype from Surigao Strait, carapace length 4.5 mm: a, carapace and anterior appendages; b, rostrum; c, abdomen; d, right eye, dorsal aspect; e, right antennule, dorsomesial aspect; f, right antenna, ventral aspect; g, right mandible; h, right 1 st maxilla; i, right 2nd maxilla; j, right 1st maxilliped; k, right 2nd maxilliped; l, right 3rd maxilliped, denuded; m, same, distal end.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for the U.S. fisheries steamer that devoted the entire years of 1908 and 1909 to amassing the Philippine and Indonesian collections that are still yielding substantial information about the planet we live on.

46. Rhynchocinetes brucei Okuno, 1994

Rhynchocinetes brucei Okuno, 1994a:29, figs. 1–4, pl. 1.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum overreaching antennal scale, movably attached to remainder of carapace, armed dorsally with 2 teeth in posterior , 4–6 in cluster at tip, ventrally with 12–15 teeth. Integument with fine transverse striae. Carapace bearing 2 teeth in midline posterior to rostral juncture, sharp supraorbital tooth, and blunt pterygostomian tooth; orbital margin terminating ventrally in acute angle at base of antennal spine. Abdomen without posterior tergal tooth on any somite; pleura of 3 anterior somites rounded, those of 4th and 5th somites acute posteroventrally; 6th somite with small posteroventral tooth. Telson with 3 pairs of dorsolateral and 3 pairs of posterior spines. Antennule with distolateral spine of basal segment slightly overreaching stylocerite and reaching nearly to distal margin of 2nd segment. Antennal scale about 4 times as long as wide, distolateral tooth far overreaching distally narrow blade. Third maxilliped with tip armed with 5–8 dark spines, exopod not nearly reaching distal end of antepenultimate segment. First pereopod with fingers dentate on opposable margins, carpus and merus with strong distal tooth. Third pereopod with 2 spines on carpus, 3 on merus, and 1 on ischium. First pleopod of male with endopod bearing small, acute distal lobe, without distinct lobe on lateral margin. Appendices interna and masculina on 2nd pleopod subequal. Arthrobranch on each of 3 anterior pereopods. Maximum postorbital carapace length 15.4 mm.

FIGURE 16.—Rhynchocinetes albatrossae, new species, male holotype from Surigao Strait, carapace length 4.5 mm: a, right 1st pereopod, denuded; b, same, fingers; c, right 2nd pereopod, denuded; d, same, fingers; e, right 3rd pereopod, denuded; f, same, dactyl; g, endopod and exopod of right 1st pleopod; h, appendix interna and appendix masculina on endopod of left 2nd pleopod.

RANGE.—Hong Kong, Philippines, and Great Barrier Reef of Australia.

47. Rhynchocinetes durbanensis Gordon, 1936

Rhynchocinetes typus.—Stebbing, 1917:27, pl. 6 [not R. typus H. Milne Edwards, 1837].

Rhynchocinetes durbanensis Gordon, 1936a:83, figs. 5b,c, 7c,d [type locality: Durban, South Africa].—Okuno and Takeda, 1992b:85, figs. 1, 3–5 [right], 6–8.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum overreaching antennal scale, movably attached to remainder of carapace, armed dorsally with 3 teeth in posterior , 5–7 in cluster at tip, ventrally with 16–18 teeth. Integument with fine transverse striae. Carapace bearing 2 teeth in midline posterior to rostral juncture, sharp supraorbital spine, and sometimes indistinct pterygostomian tooth; orbital margin terminating ventrally in rather distinct lobe at base of antennal spine. Telson with 3 pairs of dorsolateral and 3 pairs of posterior spines. Antennule with distolateral spine of basal segment slightly overreaching stylocerite. Antennal scale about 4 times as long as wide, distolateral tooth far overreaching distally narrow blade. Third maxilliped with about 5 spines near apex of ultimate segment. Third pereopod with 3–5 small dark spines on dactyl, 3–4 on merus. First pleopod of male with endopod distally acute, without distinct lobe on lateral margin. Arthrobranch on each of 3 anterior pereopods. Maximum postorbital carapace length 12.7 mm.

RANGE.—Reputedly widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region, but recorded with certainty only from South Africa, the Ryukyus, the Philippines, and Indonesia; sublittoral.

*BATHYPALAEMONELLIDAE de Saint-Laurent, 1985

BATHYPALAEMONELLIDAE de Saint-Laurent, 1985:473.—Chace, 1992:71, 72, 78.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum discrete, partially dentate extension of remainder of carapace, inflexibly attached thereto. Carapace without longitudinal lateral ridges, postantennal suture, or cardiac notch. Eyestalks normal, neither unusually long nor concealed beneath carapace. Antennule with 2 completely separate flagella, neither with accessory branch. Mandible with palp, with molar and incisor processes not deeply divided, molar process subtruncate, with transversely ridged grinding surface, not flared. Second maxilla with endite normal, scaphognathite rounded proximally, not deeply produced into branchial cavity.

First maxilliped with epipod not abutting endite, not displacing palp out of line, exopod without partially detached lobe, lash well developed, caridean lobe not much produced distally but distinctly overreaching endite. Second maxilliped with exopod, endopod composed of 4 segments, not terminating in 2 segments attached side by side to preceding segment, terminal segment attached obliquely to penultimate segment. Third maxilliped with exopod, composed of 5 segments, slender, pereopod-like, antepenultimate segment fused with next proximal segment. Pereopods without exopods, epipods, if present, not terminating in naked appendix extending vertically into branchial chamber, with arthrobranchs on 4 anterior pairs. Anterior pair subequal, slender, 1 finger movable, 1 fixed. Second pair unequal, fixed finger not curving subrectangularly around movable finger, carpus entire, undivided. Third pereopod with dactyl spinose on flexor margin. First pleopod of male with endopod laminar, not unusually large or elaborately convoluted.

RANGE.—Pantropical between latitudes 27°N and 13°S; 308–1463 meters.

REMARKS.—It is with gratitude to L.B. Holthuis (in correspondence) and embarrassing apologies to M. de Saint-Laurent that I relinquish the invalid authorship of this family (Chace, 1992:78).

*Bathypalaemonella Balss, 1914

Bathypalaemonella Balss, 1914a:597 [type species, by monotypy: Bathypalaemonella zimmeri Balss, 1914a:598; gender: feminine].

DIAGNOSIS.—See family “Diagnosis,” above.

REMARKS.—A key to the eight currently recognized species was included in Bruce (1986:263).

As noted by Crosnier and Forest (1973:154, footnote), there are minor discrepancies between the illustration published by Zarenkov (1968:60, fig. 4) and the original description of B. humilis Bruce, 1966. It seems probable, however, that the male and ovigerous female recorded by Zarenkov from off Vietnam at 15°07′00″N, 109°42.4′E, 310 m (locality kindly furnished by Zarenkov, in litt.), are correctly assigned to Bruce's species.

I have had the opportunity of examining type specimens of B. pandaloides (Rathbun, 1906), B. serratipalma Pequegnat, 1970, B. texana Pequegnat, 1970, and B. delsolari Wicksten and Mendez, 1983. Although the three female specimens recorded by Crosnier and Forest (1973:151) from off Morocco agree in most respects with the description of B. serratipalma, the holotype, allotype, and paratypes of that species deposited in the Smithsonian collections all have the rostrum considerably longer and upturned more noticeably than in the illustration offered by Crosnier and Forest (1973:152, fig. 45). Probably the acquisition of additional material from both the western and eastern Atlantic will be required to determine whether the two populations are specifically identical or not. Similarly, positive confirmation that the unique specimen of B. texana is specifically distinct and not an aberrant example of B. serratipalma (a juvenile specimen of which was collected at the same Alaminos station as was the holotype of B. texana) can be realized only by the study of additional specimens. Both forms have the major second chela peculiarly grooved on the extensor margin, as noted in the eastern Atlantic material by Crosnier and Forest, and at least one-half of the presumably eight posterior spines on the telson of the holotype of B. texana are missing; also, Pequegnat's belief that the complete rostrum of the latter specimen might have borne as many as ten ventral teeth is debatable.

The two paratypes of B. delsolari in the Smithsonian collections were received from Dr. Del Solar in 1976. Other commitments and misuderstandings about the availability of additional specimens, including a male, interfered with description of the species at that time. Among the numerous labels in the Smithsonian paratype lot is one inserted by Wicksten indicating that the specimens were paratypes of “Bathyalaemonella peruviana Wicksten and Mendez.” That evidence that the latter name was originally considered for the species undoubtedly accounts for the appearance of that nomennudum among the “Remarks” following the description of B. delsolari in Wicksten and Mendez (1983:231).

*48. Bathypalaemonella pilosipes Bruce, 1986

FIGURE 17

Bathypalaemonella pilosipes Bruce, 1986:257, figs. 6–10 [type locality: Australian Northwest Shelf, 13°33.8′S, 122°53.4′E; 390–394 meters].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum (Figure 17a) overreaching antennal scale bearing 14 or 15 basally articulate, spine-like teeth on posterior of dorsal margin, posteriormost nearly in line with posterior margin of orbit, unarmed on distal except for fixed subapical tooth, armed with 7–9 teeth on posterior of ventral margin, 5 or 6 posterior ones basally articulate (Figure 17b) less distinctly so than dorsal teeth. Carapace, proper, dorsally rounded, not carinate anteriorly. Telson (Figure 17e,f) with median posterior tooth, 2 lateral pairs in posterior of length, and 3 pairs of posterior spines. Cornea broader than eyestalk, without ocellus or papilla on stalk. Antennal scale (Figure 17i) with lateral margin convex in distal . Major 2nd pereopod (Figure 17r) with fingers armed with broadly obtuse teeth on opposable margins, chela pinched and somewhat setose laterally at base of fixed finger, presumably representing adhesive mechanism. Third pereopod with dense growth of setae on distal of flexor margin of propodus largely concealing numerously spinose dactyl. Maximum carapace length 9.5 mm.

FIGURE 17.—Bathypalaemonella pilosipes, ovigerous female with carapace length of 9.5 mm from Albatross sta 5325: a, carapace and anterior appendages; b, central part of rostrum; c, anterior margin of carapace; d, abdomen; e, telson and uropods; f, posterior end of telson; g, right antennule, dorsal aspect; h, same, ventral aspect; i, right antennal scale, ventral aspect; j, right mandible; k, right 1st maxilla; l, right 2nd maxilla; m, right 1st maxilliped; n, right 2nd maxilliped; o, right 3rd maxilliped; p, right 1st pereopod; q, same, fingers; r, left 2nd pereopod; s, right 2nd pereopod; t, same, fingers; u, right 3rd pereopod; v, same, dactyl; w, right 4th pereopod; x, same, dactyl.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Babuyan Channel, north of Luzon: sta 5325, 18°34′15″N, 121°51′15″E, 410 m, green mud, 11.8°C, 12 Nov 1908 (1113–1132), 12′ Tanner beam trawl, mud bag: 1 ovig. female [9.5],

RANGE.—Known previously only from the type locality on the Australian Northwest Shelf; 390–394 meters.

REMARKS.—There is little doubt that the Albatross specimen is conspecific with the ovigerous female holotype of P. pilosipes collected by the Soela on the Australian Northwest Shelf. Inasmuch as the Philippine specimen is in slightly better condition, the illustrations prepared when it was an undescribed species are furnished herewith for whatever value they may be to those who may be involved with the genus in the future. It may be noted that the entire rostrum is no longer than the incomplete one on the holotype and that its dentition is slightly different, the ventral teeth being less clearly articulate; that the complete telson displays a median acute tooth on the posterior margin that has not been noted in other specieds of the genus and that this projection is flanked by only three pairs of posterior spines and that the presumed locking mechanism on the major second chela is more sparsely clothed with far less conspicuous setae.

*PROCESSIDAE Ortmann, 1896

NIKADEA De Haan, 1844, pl. N.

NIKIDAE Bate, 1888:xii, xli, 480, 503.

HECTARTHROPIDAE Bate, 1888:481, 883.

PROCESSIDAE Ortmann, 1896:415, 424.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum discrete structure inflexibly attached to remainder of carapace, unarmed except (usually) pair of teeth delimiting terminal seta-filled notch. Carapace without longitudinal lateral ridges, complete postantennal suture, or cardiac notch. Telson bearing 2 pairs of posterior marginal spines and 1 or more pairs of mesial setae. Eyestalks normal, neither abnormally long nor concealed beneath carapace. Antennule with 2 completely separate flagella, neither with accessory branch. Mandible without palp or incisor process, latter obliquely truncate, sometimes slightly flared. Second maxilla with endite reduced, scaphognathite with proximal lobe produced only moderately into branchial cavity. First maxilliped with exopod abutting endite and displacing palp out of plane, exopod without partially detached lobe, lash well developed, caridean lobe not much produced distally, not distinctly overreaching endite. Second maxilliped with exopod, endopod composed of 4 segments, not terminating in 2 segments attached side by side to preceding segment, terminal segment narrow strip attached obliquely to wide penultimate segment. Third maxilliped with exopod, composed of 5 segments, slender, pereopod-like, antepenultimate segment fused with next proximal segment. Pereopods without epipods, anterior pair more robust than 2nd pair, often asymmetrical, 2nd pair equal, with undivided carpus, fixed finger not curving subrectangularly around short, broad movable finger, fingers not concealed in dense setae. Third pereopod with dactyl simple, unarmed on flexor margin. First pleopod of male with endopod laminar, not unusually large or elaborately convoluted.

RANGE.—Pantropical and subtropical, occasionally temperate, except for the apparent absence of processid taxa on the west coast of South America. Many species are confined to shallow grass flats and tide pools, but others form a component of the offshore fauna, one living at a maximum depth of more than 566 meters.

REMARKS.—Of the five processid genera and 59 species, plus four subspecies, recognized herein, four genera and 18 species have been recorded from the Philippines and/or Indonesia, and they are accorded extended treatment below. The three species currently representing the atypical genus Ambidexter are confined to shallow American waters, from southern Florida in the Atlantic and southern California to Panama in the Pacific. The following key to the genera includes that genus, as well as two new genera that are represented in the Philippine-Indonesian region.

Key to Genera of Processidae

Clytomanningus, new genus

TYPE SPECIES.—Processa molaris Chace, 1955:11.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum slender in dorsal aspect. Telson with distinct dorsolateral spines. Mandible exceptionally large and massive, subequal in overall length to that of antennal scale, molar process wider than minimal length. Anterior pereopods without exopod, not symmetrically chelate, 1 member of pair (usually left) simple, nonchelate. Second pereopods subequal, carpus subdivided into 6 articles.

RANGE.—Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Kenya, Indonesia, Marshall Islands; littoral to 15 meters.

REMARKS.—As noted by Hayashi (1975a:125), the two species assigned to this genus apparently differ remarkably from the species of Processa in having the mandibles possibly proportionately more massive than in any other caridean shrimp now known and in having the carpus of the second pereopods subdivided into only six articles. By having the rostrum simple, instead of bifid or bearing a dorsal tooth at midlength, the two species differ from all but the following four of the other processid species: Hayashidonus japonicus (De Haan, 1844), Processa acutirostris Nouvel and Holthuis, 1957, P. hawaiensis (Dana, 1852a), and P. macrognatha (Stimpson, 1860). They may be distinguished from each other by the key offered below.

ETYMOLOGY.—The genus is named for Raymond B. Manning (with appropriate prefix from the Greek klytos, “heard of, famous, renowned”), who has skillfully synchronized extensive major contributions to our knowledge of stomatopod and decapod Crustacea (including the Processidae) with intense commitment to curatorial responsibility, the development of the innovative techniques of the “magnificent forager” of both study specimens and literature, and the promotion of carcinological research and zoological nomenclature; who has, since the occupation of the West Wing of the National Museum of Natural History in 1965, tolerated an open-door policy between our adjoining rooms that has been an advantage to me hopefully in excess of its annoyance to him; and who suggested the desirability of recognizing additional genera among the Indo-Pacific members of the Processidae. The gender of Clytomanningus is masculine.

Key to Species of Clytomanningus

49. Clytomanningus molaris (Chace, 1955), new combination

Processa molaris Chace, 1955:11, fig. 5 [type locality: Rongelap Atoll, Marshall Islands; intertidal].—Hayashi, 1975a:124, figs. 29, 30.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not reaching level of distal surfaces of anteriorly extended eyes. Telson with posterior margin rounded. Third maxilliped without exopod. Maximum postorbital carapace length 3.1 mm.

RANGE.—Red Sea and Kenya to Indonesia and Marshall Islands; littoral to 12 meters.

*Hayashidonus, new genus

TYPE SPECIES.—Nika japonica De Haan, 1844, pl. N; pl. 46: fig. 6.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum broad, subequilaterally triangular in dorsal aspect, reaching at least to cornea of anteriorly extended eye. Telson with dorsolateral spines minute or absent. Mandible (Figure 18a) with molar process about as wide as minimal length. Third maxilliped without exopod. Pereopods without exopods, 1 member of anterior pair (usually right) chelate, other with simple dactyl. Second pereopods unequal, minor carpus subdivided into more than 6 articles.

FIGURE 18.—Hyashidonus japonicus. ovigerous female with carapace length of 11.9 mm from Mogi, Japan, F.C. Dale, U.S.S. Palos, collector, USNM cat. no. 28520, mouthparts from right side: a, mandible; b, 1st maxilla; c, 2nd maxilla; d, 1st maxilliped; e, 2nd maxilliped.

RANGE.—Eastern Africa to Japan, Philippines, and Indonesia; to a depth of 150 meters.

REMARKS.—The broadly triangular rostrum, the obscure or absent dorsolateral spines of the telson, and the exceptionally long molar process of the mandible seem sufficiently unusual among the processids to justify the establishment of a separate genus for the single species generally known as Processa japonica.

ETYMOLOGY.—The generic name is proposed as an honorarium (Latin “donum”) to Ken-Ichi Hayashi in recognition of his magnificent 1975 review of the Indo-West Pacific Processidae, containing the first modern key to all species then known in the genera Nikoides and Processa, thus all processid species except the three American species of Ambidexter. The gender of the generic name is masculine.

*50. Hayashidonus japonicus (De Haan, 1844), new combination

FIGURE 18

Nika japonica De Haan, 1844, pl. N; pl. 46: fig. 6; 1849:184 [type locality:Japan].

Processa japonica.—Parisi, 1919:88, fig. 8A.—De Man, 1920:208, pl. 18: fig. 53.—Gurney, 1937:88, pl. 1: figs. 16–19.—Hayashi, 1975a:110, fig. 24.—Noel, 1986:287, 296.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not overreaching eyes, not bifid, ventral margin nearly straight. Abdomen with pleural margin of 5th somite and lateral lobe of 6th somite unarmed. Antennular peduncle with 2nd segment longer than 3rd, twice as long as wide, stylocerite not truncate, unarmed. Antennal scale with distolateral tooth not overreaching blade. Basicerite unarmed. Longer 2nd pereopod with 41–50 carpal articles. Shorter 2nd pereopod with 15–19 carpal articles. Third pereopod with propodus more than 5 times as long as dactyl. Maximum postorbital carapace length about 16 mm.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Off Tawitawi, Sulu Archipelago: sta 5161, 5°10′15″N, 119°53′E, 29 m, fine sand, 22 Feb 1908 (0907–0908), 9′ Johnston oyster dredge, net fouled bottom: 1 male [6.5].

RANGE.—See “Range” of genus.

*Nikoides Paulson, 1875

Nikoides Paulson, 1875:98 [type species, by monotypy: Nikoides Danae Paulson, 1875:98; gender: masculine].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum slender in dorsal aspect. Telson with distinct dorsolateral spines. Mandible with minimal length of molar process less than 5 times width. Third maxilliped with exopod. Anterior pereopods with exopod, only 1 of pair (usually right) chelate, other terminating in simple dactyl. Second pereopods unequal, shorter member with more than 6 carpal articles.

RANGE.—Red Sea and eastern Africa to Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, and eastern Australia to Hawaii, and western Atlantic from Florida to Guyana; littoral to about 150 meters.

REMARKS.—The fact that the two species of Clytomanningus differ most significantly in the presence or absence of an exopod on the third maxilliped suggests that Gurney (1937:89) was justified in believing that “the separation of the genus Nikoides can only be maintained as a simple matter of convenience,” but that “convenience” will probably insure retention of the genus for some time to come. It may be noted that seven of the eight species of Nikoides are Indo-Pacific, five of them occurring in eastern Africa, and only one is found outside of the Indo-Pacific, in the western Atlantic, whereas more than half of the 45 species of Processa are Atlantic, 14 of them in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean, and only one is known from the Red Sea, two from eastern Africa, and four from South Africa.

A key to the eight currently recognized species of Nikoides may be found in Noël (1986:295). Six of the eight have been recorded from the Philippine-Indonesian region and are treated individually below.

*51. Nikoides danae Paulson, 1875

Nikoides Danae Paulson, 1875:98. pl. 14: figs. 5–5d [type locality: Red Sea]

Nikoides danae.—Hayashi, 1975a:53, figs. 1, 2.—Noël, 1986:263.

DIAGNOSIS. Rostrum long, often overreaching anteriorly extended eyes, apex distinctly bifid, dorsal tooth subdistal, ventral margin concave. Fifth abdominal somite with pleuron faintly angular, not pointed. Sixth abdominal somite with posterolateral lobe dentate. Telson with 2 pairs of dorsolateral spines, posterior margin pointed. Antennular peduncle with stylocerite armed with strong distolateral tooth. Antennal scale with distolateral tooth distinctly overreaching blade, basicerite bearing 1 pointed and 1 blunt process. Longer 2nd pereopod with 51–66 carpal articles, shorter with 21–32. Third and 4th pereopods with 2 spines on ischium. Maximum postorbital carapace length 7.4 mm.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Reef off Cebu, 5 Apr 1908: 1 ovig. female [6.9].—Reef opposite Cebu, 7 Apr 1908: 1 ovig. female [6.2].

RANGE.—Red Sea, eastern Africa, Madagascar, India, Andamans, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, Great Barrier Reef of Australia, and Hawaii; littoral to 37 meters.

52. Nikoides gurneyi Hayashi, 1975

Nikoides danae—Gurney. 1937:89, pl. 1: figs. 20–25: pl. 2: figs. 26–29 [not Nikoides danae Paulson, 1875].

Nikoides gurneyi Hayashi. 1975a:58, figs. 3, 4 [type locality: Kikambala, Kenya; weedy pools inner reef flat at LWS].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum long, sometimes overreaching anteriorly extended eyes, apex distinctly bifid, dorsal tooth subdistal, ventral margin nearly straight. Fifth abdominal somite with pleuron armed with small, acute tooth. Sixth abdominal somite with posterolateral lobe dentate dorsodistally. Telson with 2 pairs of dorsolateral spines, apex pointed. Antennular peduncle with stylocerite bidentate. Antennal scale with distolateral tooth reaching as far as or overreaching blade, basicerite with blunt process only. Longer 2nd pereopod with 47–72 carpal articles, shorter with 22–32. Third and 4th pereopods with 2 spines on ischium. Maximum postorbital carapace length 7.0 mm.

RANGE.—Red Sea, Kenya, Zanzibar, Mozambique, Philippines, and Indonesia; littoral to 27 meters.

REMARKS.—Noël (1986:296) suggested that N. gurneyi may be a synonym of N. danae.

53. Nikoides longicarpus Noël, 1986

Nikoides longicarpus Noël, 1986:264, figs. 1–8 [type locality: north of Lubang Island, southwest of Manila Bay, Philippines, 13°59′N, 120°10′E; 164–150 meters (MUSORSTOM 1 sta 16, teste: A. Crosnier, in litt.].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum long, overreaching anteriorly extended eyes, apex bifid, dorsal tooth reaching nearly as far as tip of ventral one, ventral margin sinuous. Fifth abdominal somite with minute, obscure, blunt tooth on pleuron Sixth abdominal somite with posterolateral lobe subtruncate, not dentate. Telson with 2 pairs of dorsolateral spines, posterior margin convex. Antennular peduncle with stylocerite rounded, unarmed. Antennal scale with distolateral tooth adpressed to and not reaching nearly as far as distal margin of blade, basicerite with feeble lateral tubercle only Longer 2nd pereopod with 90–101 carpal articles, shorter with 28–33. Third and 4th pereopods with 2 spines on ischium Maximum postorbital carapace length about 17 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from and near the type locality southwest of Manila Bay, Philippines, 136–164 meters.

54. Nikoides maldivensis Borradalle, 1915

Nikoide maldivensis Borradalle. 1915 209 [type locality Amiranic Islands (see“Remarks”)]. 1917 411. pl 58 fig 11 Gurney 1937 91,pl 2 fig. 30–32.—Hayashi. 1975a 62, fig 5.

Processa Jacobsomi De Man. 1921 95 [type locality Sinabang. Pulau Simeulue. Sumatra]

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum long, sometimes overreaching anteriorly extended eyes, apex acute, dorsal tooth strong, arising at about midlength, ventral margin sinuous Fifth abdominal somite with pleuron obscurely dentate. Sixth abdominal somite with posterolateral lobe unequally bidentate. Telson with 2 pairs of dorsolateral spines, apex pointed. Antennular peduncle with stylocerite armed with strong distolateral tooth. Antennal scale with distolateral tooth distinctly overreaching blade, basicerite bearing 1 pointed and 1 blunt process. Longer 2nd pereopod with 55–56 carpal articles, shorter with 19–25. Third and 4th pereopods with 2 spines on ischium. Maximum postorbital carapace length about 6.7 mm.

RANGE.—Kenya. Amirante Islands, Sumatra, Caroline. Fiji. Samoa islands, and Hawaii; littoral.

REMARKS.—When Borradaile briefly described N. maldivensis in his 1915 “Notes on Carides,” he cited the locality, quite logically, as “Maldive Is.” In his 1917 report “On Carides from the Western Indian Ocean” in the reports of The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition of 1905. he illustrated that species without adding significantly to the original description but introduced the account with the following statement: “A single specimen, taken at the Amirante Is., is closely related to N. danae.” Manning and Chace (1971:8) cited both localities, in the belief that the Amirante specimen represented a second record for the species. Evidence kindly furnished by Richard Preece of the Department of Zoology at the University of Cambridge suggests that Borradaile might have been willing to hide his embarrassment behind such an assumption. The catalog entry covering the single type specimen in that institution bears the following information:

Amirante I. 25–28f- Gardiner Colln

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.(8) xv. p. 209

Percy Sladen Trust Exp. XVII. pt 3. P. 411

Tube 1982 Accession no. AR 3, 1920.

*55. Nikoides sibogae De Man, 1918

Nikoides Sibogae De Man. 1918:160 [type locality: Indonesia (the four specimens from Siboga stations 71. 274, and 282 recorded in this paper must be treated as syntypes)]: 1920:193. pl.16:fig 50 [the ovigerous female from station 260. designated as “the type” is unacceptable as a holotype or lectotype because it was not part of the type series recorded in the original description].—Hayashi, 1975a:65. figs 6. 7.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum long, reaching nearly to distal surface of anteriorly extended eye, apex distinctly bifid, dorsal tooth subdistal, ventral margin sinuous. Fifth abdominal somite with pleuron armed with inconspicuous tooth. Sixth abdominal somite with posterolateral lobe bidentate. Telson with 2 pairs of dorsolateral teeth, posterior margin truncately produced. Antennular peduncle with stylocerite truncate, not dentate. Antennal scale with distolateral tooth small, partially appressed to, and not reaching level of distal margin of blade, basicerite with small rounded process at ventrolateral angle. Longer second pereopod with 74–89 carpal articles, shorter one with 22–28. Third and 4th pereopods with 2 spines on ischium. Maximum postorbital carapace length 13.6 mm.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Lingayen Gulf, western Luzon: sta 5442. 16°30′36″N, 120°11′06″E. 82 m. coral sand, 10–11 May 1909 (1858–0532). 25′ Agassiz beam trawl (apparently drifted 15.5 miles [24.8 km] S. 12° from original position): 1 ovig. female [11.6].

RANGE.—Persian Gulf, Zanzibar Channel, Madagascar, India, Vietnam, Japan. Philippines, Singapore, Indonesia, Mariana and Marshall islands; littoral to 100 meters.

56. Nikoides steinii (Edmondson, 1935)

Processa steinii Edmondson. 1935b:3, fig. 1 [type locality; Maui, Hawaii; shoal water reef].

Nikoides nanus Chace. 1955:8. fig. 4 [type locality: Runit Island, Eniwetok [Enewetak] Atoll. Marshall Islands: intertidal].

Nikoides steinii Hayashi, 1975a:69. figs. 8, 9.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum very short, not reaching base of eyestalk, apex simple or indistinctly bifid, ventral margin concave. Fifth abdominal somite with pleuron armed with small posteroventral tooth. Sixth abdominal somite with posterolateral lobe dentate. Telson with 2 pairs of dorsolateral spines, posterior margin pointed. Antennular peduncle slender, stylocerite acutely triangular. Antennal scale with distolateral tooth not overreaching blade, basicerite unarmed. Longer 2nd pereopod with 39–52 carpal articles, shorter one with 19–22. Third and 4th pereopods with 1 spine on ischium. Maximum postorbital carapace length 4.2 mm.

RANGE.—Kenya, Zanzibar, Japan, Irian Jaya, Palau and Marshall islands, and Hawaii; littoral.

*Processa Leach, 1815

Thalassalpes Bosc, 1813:233 [type species, selected by Holthuis, 1955:116: Nika Edulis Risso, 1816:85; gender: masculine].

Processa canaliculata Leach. 1815: explanation of plate 41. [type species, by monotypy: Processa eanaliculata Leach. 1815; explanation of plate 41; gender feminine]..

Nika Risso. 1816:84 [type species, selected by H. Milne Edwards. 1837, pl. 52: fig 1: Nika Edulis Risso, 1816:85 gender: feminine].

Velocina Gistel. 1848:x [substitute name for Processa Leach. 1815; gender: feminine].

?Chiereghina Nardo, 1869:320 [type species, by monotypy: Cancer pellucidus Nardo. 1847:5: gender: feminine].

Hectarthropus Bate, 1888:889 [type species, selected by Holthuis, 1955:117: Hectarthropus expansus Bate. 1888:892; gender: masculine].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum usually slender in dorsal aspect. Telson with distinct dorsolateral spines. Mandible with molar process more than as wide as minimal length. Third maxilliped usually with exopod. Anterior pereopods without exopod, 1 member (usually right) chelate, other with simple dactyl. Second pereopods with shorter member composed of more than 6 carpal articles.

RANGE.—Red Sea and eastern and southern Africa to Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, and southern Australia to Hawaii, Gulf of California, and Clipperton Island; western Atlantic from North Carolina and Bermuda to Uruguay; eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean from the North Sea to Namibia; littoral to more than 566 meters.

REMARKS.—As mentioned in the “Remarks” on the genus Nikoides, more than half of the 45 species of Processa have been recorded from the Atlantic Ocean, with a slight majority of those from the eastern Atlantic. No species are common to the eastern Pacific and the Atlantic or to the western and eastern Atlantic, but an additional species from mid-Atlantic Ascension Island has been described by Manning and Chace (1990:24). Just one species, P. compacta Crosnier, 1971, has been suggested by Noël (1986:273) to occur in the eastern Atlantic (Congo) and the Indo-Pacific (South Africa, West Pakistan, India, and South Australia), a most unusual distribution (see Kensley, 1983). Nearly half of the 22 species now known from the Indo-Pacific region have been recorded from the Philippine-Indonesian area and are treated individually below.

A key to all species then recognized in Processa may be found in Noël (1986:296). With the herein proposed removal of P. japonica and P. molaris from the assemblage, only one species (P. foresti) may now represent the first half of the first couplet in that key (species lacking an exopod on the third maxilliped).

57. Processa aequimana (Paulson, 1875)

Nika aequimana Paulson, 1875:97, pl. 14: figs. 6, 6a [type locality: Red Sea].

Processa aequimana.—Hayashi, 1975a:80, figs. 10, 11.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not overreaching eyes, bifid, ventral margin slightly sinuous. Antennal spine prominent. Fifth abdominal somite with pleural margin unarmed. Sixth abdominal somite with posterolateral lobe dentate. Antennular peduncle with 2nd segment longer than 3rd, fully 3 times as long as wide, stylocerite subtruncate, unarmed. Antennal scale with distolateral tooth not overreaching blade, basicerite with single ventrolateral tooth. Second pereopods subequal, carpus composed of 9–11 articles. Third pereopod with propodus about 4 times as long as dactyl. Maximum postorbital carapace length about 8.5 mm.

RANGE.—Red Sea, eastern and southern Africa, Vietnam, Japan, and Java; littoral.

58. Processa affinis Hayashi, 1975

Processa sp. De Man, 1920:203, pl. 17: fig. 52.

Processa affinis Hayashi, 1975a:85, fig. 12 [type locality: Teluk Sanana, Pulau Sanana, Kepulauan Sula, Indonesia; 22 meters].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not overreaching eyes, bifid, ventral margin concave. Antennal spine distinct. Fifth abdominal somite with pleural margin unarmed. Sixth abdominal somite with posterolateral lobe truncate. Antennular peduncle with 2nd segment longer than 3rd, fully 4.5 times as long as wide, stylocerite subtruncate, unarmed. Antennal scale with distolateral tooth reaching about to level of distal margin of blade, basicerite unarmed. Second pereopods unequal, longer one with about 20 carpal articles, shorter one with 15. Postorbital carapace length of holotype 5.0 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the type locality in Kepulauan Sula, Indonesia, in 22 meters.

59. Processa australiensis Baker, 1907

Processa australiensis Baker, 1907:185, pl. 25: fig. 2 [type locality: South Australian coast].—Hayashi, 1975a:86, fig. 13.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not overreaching eyes, bifid, ventral margin slightly concave. Antennal spine usually absent. Fifth abdominal somite with pleural margin dentate. Sixth abdominal somite with posterolateral lobe unarmed. Antennular peduncle with 2nd segment no longer than 3rd, about as wide as long, stylocerite truncate, unarmed. Antennal scale with distolateral tooth not overreaching blade, basicerite with blunt projection at distoventral angle. Second pereopods unequal, longer one with 14–20 carpal articles, shorter one with 11–13. Third pereopod with propodus 3.7 times as long as dactyl. Maximum postorbital carapace length probably about 5 mm.

RANGE.—Seychelle Islands, Philippines, Singapore, Indonesia, and South Australia; littoral to 36 meters.

60. Processa demani Hayashi, 1975

Processa demani Hayashi, 1975a:98, figs. 19, 20 [type locality: Banda Elat, Kai Besar, Kepulauan Kai, Indonesia; 27 meters].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum reaching to end of or beyond eye, unequally bifid, ventral margin faintly sinuous. Antennal spine prominent. Fifth abdominal somite with pleural margin unarmed. Sixth abdominal somite with posterolateral lobe obscurely bidentate. Antennular peduncle with 2nd segment longer than 3rd, more than 2.5 times as long as wide, stylocerite obliquely truncate, obscurely dentate. Antennal scale with distolateral tooth not overreaching blade, basicerite with small ventrolateral tooth. Second pereopods subequal in length, right one with 14–16 carpal articulations, left one with 10–12. Third pereopod with propodus nearly twice as long as dactyl. Maximum postorbital carapace length about 5 mm.

RANGE.—Vietnam and Indonesia; 4–27 meters.

61. Processa foresti Noël, 1986

Processa foresti Noël, 1986:280, fig. 13 [type locality: north of Lubang Island, southwest of Manila Bay, Philippines, 13°59′N, 120°18′E; 187–205 meters].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not overreaching eyes, bifid, ventral margin slightly sinuous. Antennal spine prominent. Fifth abdominal somite with pleural margin unarmed. Sixth abdominal somite with posterolateral lobe dentate. Antennular peduncle with 2nd segment longer than 3rd, more than 2.5 times as long as wide, stylocerite tapering to sharp tooth. Basicerite with distinct ventrolateral tooth. Postorbital carapace length of holotype 7.5 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the type locality southwest of Manila Bay, Philippines; 187–205 meters.

REMARKS.—The unique holotype of P. foresti lacks the third maxillipeds and all of the pereopods, except the right member of the anterior pair. Noël (1986:282) believed that the third maxilliped lacked an exopod because, “La mutilation des appendices s'opère le plus souvent au niveau de la ligne d'autotomie située à la base de l'ischion et laisse done normalement en place les exopodites insérés sur le basis, s'ils sont présents.” But he added, “Toutefois, étant donné la mutilation importante du spécimen en question, il est possible que les exopodites aient également été amputes.” Inasmuch as the removal from the genus of P. japonica and P. molaris, the only other species without exopods on the third maxillipeds previously included in Processa, is proposed above, the opportunity to examine an intact specimen of P. foresti is of more than passing interest.

62. Processa macrognatha (Stimpson, 1860)

Nica macrognatha Stimpson, 1860:26 [type locality: Hong Kong].

Processa macrognatha.—Hayashi, 1975a:121, fig. 28.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not reaching nearly as far as cornea of anteriorly extended eye, not bifid, ventral margin somewhat sinuous. Antennal spine absent. Fifth abdominal somite with pleural margin unarmed. Sixth abdominal somite with posterolateral lobe unarmed. Antennular peduncle with 2nd segment slightly longer than 3rd, 1 times as long as wide, stylocerite diagonally truncate, unarmed. Antennal scale with distolateral tooth minute, not overreaching blade, basicerite unarmed. Second pereopods subequal, carpus composed of 11 articles. Third pereopod with propodus about 3 times as long as dactyl. Maximum postorbital carapace length probably about 6 mm.

RANGE.—Hong Kong and Indonesia; 8–15 meters.

63. Processa neglecta Hayashi, 1975

Processa neglecta Hayashi, 1975a:127, figs. 31, 32 [type locality: Bay of Nha Trang, Vietnam; 11 meters].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not overreaching eyes, bifid, ventral margin slightly concave. Antennal spine small or absent. Fifth abdominal somite with pleural margin unarmed. Sixth abdominal somite with posterolateral lobe unarmed. Antennular peduncle with 2nd segment longer than 3rd, nearly 3 times as long as wide, stylocerite obliquely truncate, with minute lateral tooth or unarmed. Antennal scale with small distolateral tooth slightly overreaching blade, basicerite with distinct ventrolateral tooth. Second pereopods subequal, carpus composed of 12 or 13 articles. Third pereopod with propodus slightly less than 3 times as long as dactyl. Maximum postorbital carapace length 3.1 mm.

RANGE.—Vietnam, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, and Indonesia; 9–54 meters.

64. Processa philippinensis Noël, 1986

Processa philippinensis Noël, 1986:288, fig. 18 [type locality: north of Lubang Island, southwest of Manila Bay, Philippines, 13°53′N, 120°08′E; 134–129 meters].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not quite overreaching eyes, bifid, ventral margin slightly sinuous. Antennal spine strong. Fifth abdominal somite with pleural margin unarmed. Sixth abdominal somite with posterolateral lobe acute, not otherwise dentate. Antennular peduncle with 2nd segment little longer than 3rd, not quite 3 times as long as wide, stylocerite transversely subtruncate mesially with strong tooth laterally. Antennal scale with distolateral tooth reaching about to level of distal margin of blade, basicerite with distinct ventrolateral tooth. Second pereopods unequal, longer one with 25 or 26 carpal articles,shorter one with 15–18. Third pereopod with propodus about 3 times as long as dactyl. Maximum postorbital carapace length 10 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from southwest of Manila Bay, Philippines; 129–205 meters.

65. Processa processa (Bate, 1888)

Nika processa Bate, 1888:527 [type locality: Ambon, Indonesia; 27 meters]. Processa processa Hayashi, 1975a:132, fig. 33.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum bifid. Antennal spine absent. Fifth abdominal somite with pleural margin unarmed. Sixth abdominal somite with posterolateral lobe truncate. Stylocerite truncate. Basicerite unarmed. Second pereopods unequal, longer one with 20 or 21 carpal articles. Postorbital carapace length of holotype about 9 mm.

RANGE.—Known with certainty only from Ambon, Indonesia; 27 meters.

*66. Processa sulcata Hayashi, 1975

Processa sulcata Hayashi, 1975a:134, fig. 34 [type locality: Ainoshima, Fukuoka Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan; littoral].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not overreaching eyes, bifid, ventral margin slightly concave. Antennal spine distinct. Fifth abdominal somite with pleural margin dentate. Sixth abdominal somite with posterolateral lobe unarmed. Antennular peduncle with 2nd segment slightly longer than 3rd, nearly 1 times as long as wide, stylocerite obliquely truncate, unarmed. Antennal scale with distolateral tooth not overreaching blade, basicerite unarmed. Second pereopods unequal, longer one with 21–30 carpal articles, shorter one with 10–14. Third pereopod with propodus about 4 times as long as dactyl. Maximum postorbital carapace length 7.6 mm.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Surigao Strait, east of Leyte: sta 5482, 10°27′30″N, 125°18′E, 123 m, broken shells, sand, green mud, 30 Jul 1909 (0917–0935), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 2 ovig. females [4.5, 4.6].—Off Jolo Island, Sulu Archipelago: sta 5145, 6°04′30″N, 120°59′30″E, 42 m, coral sand, shells, 15 Feb 1908 (1344–1359), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 1 ovig. female [4.0].

RANGE.—Southern Arabia, South America, Madagascar, Vietnam, Japan, and Indonesia; 0–123 meters.

*HIPPOLYTIDAE Bate, 1888

LYSMATINAE Dana, 1852a:16, 20.

THORINAE Kingsley, 1878a:64.

HIPPOLYTIDAE Bate, 1888:xii, xli, 480, 503, 574, 576 [determined in Opinion 470 of The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to be given precedence over the family-group names Lysmatinae and Thorinae by those who consider the genera Hippolyte, Lysmata, and/or Thor to belong to the same family-group taxon].

LATREUTIDAE Ortmann, 1896:415, 424.

HIPPOLYSMATIDAE Reish, 1972:80.

ALOPIDAE Christoffersen, 1987:350, 354.

BARBOURIDAE Christoffersen, 1987:350, 352, 353 [corrected to Barbouriidae by Christoffersen, 1990:96].

NAUTICARIDIDAE Christoffersen, 1987:350.

BYTHOCARIDIDAE Christoffersen, 1987:350, 354, 355.

MERGUIIDAE Christoffersen, 1990:96, 97.

MERHIPPOLYTIDAE Christoffersen, 1990:96, 97.

THORELLINAE Christoffersen, 1990:97.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum usually discrete, uninflated extension of remainder of carapace. Carapace without cardiac notch (except in Saron). Eyes fully exposed, not unusually elongate. Mandible usually composed of incisor and molar processes and palp. Second maxilla with proximal endite reduced, scaphognathite proximally rounded or bluntly angular. First maxilliped with exopod distally flagellate, not abutting endite. Second maxilliped with exopod, endopod composed of 4 serially arranged segments, terminal segment attached diagonally or transversely to preceding segment, not abutted by slender, sickle-shaped extension from latter. Third maxilliped composed of fewer than 7 segments. Neither 1st nor 2nd pair of pereopods bearing terminal tufts of setae on fingers. First pair more robust than 2nd pair, usually subequal, not swollen, distinctly chelate, chela forming 1 movable and 1 fixed finger. Second pereopod with carpus subdivided into 2 or more articles. First pleopod of male with endopod laminar, not unusually large or elaborately convoluted.

RANGE.—Cosmopolitan, “arboreal” (Merguia), anchialine, and marine to a depth of 3803 meters. Because most of the large hippolytid genera are confined chiefly to temperate and arctic seas, only 13 of 36 genera and only 32 of 270 species and 5 subspecies worldwide are known from the Philippine-Indonesian region.

REMARKS.—It is hoped that the errors of commission and omission will not be so numerous in the following checklist of genera and species and in the admittedly artificial key to the hippolytid genera as to make their inclusion deleterious rather than advantageous to carcinological colleagues. They were compiled as part of a personal effort to understand some of the relationships and the possible need for subdivision of the family Hippolytidae. A 107-character noncladistic analysis of the 40 genera originally assigned to the family seemed to support the concept of a reasonably homogeneous group, with the possible exception of Leontocaris, and the number of genera were eventually reduced to 37 because of my inability to find satisfactory generic characters to separate Koror and Somersiella from Parhippolyte and because of the transfer of Yagerocaris to the Alpheidae (Chace and Kensley, 1992). The apparently consistent presence of one or more supraorbital teeth in eight of the 37 genera and their similarly constant absence in 26 others suggested the adoption of that reasonably distinct feature as the primary character in the opening couplet of the generic key. Because that consistency was lacking, however, in three of the genera (Paralebbeus, Thor, and Tozeuma) it became necessary to duplicate mention of those genera in both subsequent parts of the key. Although I found no clear evidence to support the superfamilial categories suggested by Christoffersen (1987), there is considerable reason to endorse his establishment of the family Barbouriidae, limited to the genera Barbouria, Janicea, and Parhippolyte, all of which are armed with a rather unique subocular tooth posterodorsal to the orbital angle; a similar but not identical tooth is present in Latreutes, but there is none in Ligur. Apologies are herewith tendered for the all-too-frequent absence of type-locality information in this list. Blame therefore may be charged to the time-consuming attribute of a thorough literature search and to a selfishly stronger desire for timely rather than posthumous publication.

Checklist of Genera and Species of Hippolytidae

(Valid genus- and species-group names in boldface, synonyms and species inquirendae in lightface, type localities in roman)

Aglaope Rafinesque, 1814:24 [not Aglaope Latreille, 1809]

Type species: Aglaope striata

= Lysmata

Aglaope striata Rafinesque, 1814:24

= Lysmata seticaudata

Alope White, 1847:123

Type species: Alope palpalis (= Alope spinifrons)

Hetairocaris

Alope australis Baker, 1904:154

Smith's Bay, Kangaroo Island, South Australia

= Alope orientalis

Alope orientalis (De Man, 1890)

Hetairocaris orientalis De Man, 1890:122, pl. 6: fig. 16

Ponape, Caroline Islands

Hippolyte ponapensis

Alope australis

Alope palpalis White, 1847:75

New Zealand

= Alope spinifrons

Alope spinifrons (H. Milne Edwards, 1837)

Hippolyte spinifrons H. Milne Edwards, 1837:377

Coasts of New Zealand

Alope palpalis

Alpheus elongatus Risso, 1827:77

Maritime Alps; among fucus

? = Hippolyte inermis [Holthuis, in correspondence]

Alpheus ensiferus Risso, 1827; See Ligur ensiferus

Alpheus marmoratus Latreille, 1806:53

? = Saron marmoratus [Holthuis, in correspondence]

Alpheus polaris; See Lebbeus polaris

Amphiplectus Bate, 1888:622

Type species: Amphiplectus depressus

Not hippolytid, perhaps nematocarcinid

Amphiplectus depresssus Bate, 1888:623, pl. 110: fig. 3.

Off Recife, Brazil; 9°05′S, 34°50′W; 6640 meters

Angasia Bate, 1863:498

Type species: Angasia pavonina

= Tozeuma

Angasia elongata; See Tozeuma elongatum

Angasia kimberi; See Tozeuma kimberi

Angasia pavonina; See Tozeuma pavoninum

Angasia robusta Baker, 1904:150

Gulf of Saint Vincent, South Australia; 18–22 meters

= Tozeuma pavoninum

Angasia Stimpsonii Henderson, 1893:437, pl. 40: figs. 18–20

Gulf of Martaban, India

= Tozeuma armatum

Angasia tomentosa; See Tozeuma tomentosum

Arno P. Roux, 1831:18, 19

Replacement name for AGLAOPE Rafinesque

= Lysmata

Astacus coerulescens; See Hippolyte coerulescens

Astacus Groenlandicus; See Lebbeus groenlandicus

Astacus histrio Fabricius, 1775

Greenland

Species inquirenda (see Holthuis, 1947:20)

Astacus varius Fabricius, 1781

“Oceano Norwagico”

= Probably Lebbeus polaris (see Holthuis, 1947:39)

Barbouria Rathbun, 1912:455

Type species: Barbouria poeyi

Barbouria antiguensis; See Janicea antiguensis

Barbouria cubensis (Von Martens, 1872)

Hippolyte Cubensis Von Martens, 1872:136

Cuba

Barbouria poeyi

Barbouria poeyi Rathbun, 1912:455

“Cave near seashore, between Morro Castle and Cojimar,” Cuba

= Barbouria cubensis

Bathyhippolyte Hayashi and Miyake, 1970:41

Type species: Bathyhippolyte yaldwyni

Bathyhippolyte yaldwyni Hayashi and Miyake, 1970:42, figs. 1–16

Chatham Rise, New Zealand; 44°44′S, 175°42′E; 995–1110 meters

Bellidia Gosse, 1877:313

Type species: Bellidia Huntii

= Hippolyte

Bellidia Huntii; See Hippolyte huntii

Birulaecaris Dons, 1915:26

Type species: Hippolyte mysis

= Lebbeus

Birulia Brashnikov, 1903:xliv

Type species: Birulia sachalinensis

Paraspirontocaris

Birulia kishinouyei (Yokoya, 1930)

Paraspirontocaris kishinouyei Yokoya, 1930:536

Mutsu Wan, northern Honshu, Japan

Birulia sachalinensis Brashnikov, 1903:xliv

South and southwest coast of Sakhalin; 15–118 meters

Bythocaris G.O. Sars, 1870:149

Type species: Bythocaris simplicirostris

Bythocaris akidopleura Fransen, 1993:588, 595, figs. 41–62

West of Formigas, Azores; 37°17′N, 25°14′W; 2070–2120 meters

Bythocaris biruli Kobjakova, 1964

Bythocaris leucopis biruli Kobjakova, 1964:326

Arctic; 475–2857 meters

? = Bythocaris leucopis

Bythocaris cosmetops Holthuis, 1951:135

Off Sierra Leone; 7°29′N, 13°38′W; 74–78 meters

Bythocaris cryonesus Bowman and Manning, 1972:189

Arctic Ocean; 81°33.9′N, 157°12.5′W; 3803 meters

Bythocaris curvirostris Kobjakova, 1957:363

Arctic Basin, eastern sector; 3255 meters

Bythocaris elegans Bryazgin, 1982:603

Arctic Basin, USSR zone

Bythocaris floridensis Abele and Martin, 1989:29, fig. 1

Blake Plateau, east of Georgia; 31°09′N, 79°33′30″W; 644 meters

Bythocaris gorei Abele and Martin, 1989:38, fig. 2

Blake Plateau, east of St. Augustine, Florida; 29°41′N, 79°55′W; 682 meters

Bythocaris gracilis Smith, 1885;497

East of Cape Hatteras and New Jersey; 1908 and 1624 meters

Bythocaris grumanti Burukovsky, 1966:538, fig. 2

Off Spitsbergen; 76°42′N, 24°32′E; 50 meters

Bythocaris irene Retovskiy, 1946:298, fig. 1

Arctic Ocean

Bythocaris leucopis G.O. Sars, 1879:427

Greenland Sea; 71.59°N, 11.40°W; 2030 meters

Bythocaris leucopis biruli; See Bythocaris biruli

Bythocaris miserabilis Abele and Martin, 1989:41, fig. 3

Northern Straits of Florida; 27°11′, 79°30′W; 677 meters

Bythocaris nana Smith, 1885:499

About 75 miles south of Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts; 119–260 meters

Bythocaris payeri (Heller, 1875)

Hippolyte Payeri Heller, 1875:26, pl. 1: figs. 1–4

Arctic Ocean; 182 meters

Bythocaris simplicirostris G.O. Sars, 1870:149

Lofoten, Norway; 457 meters

Hippolyte panschi

Bythocaris spinipleura

Bythocaris spinipleura Squires, 1990:158, figs. 82–84

Off Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland (48°49′N, 51°30′W); 309 meters

= Bythocaris simplicirostris

Calliasmata Holthuis, 1973:37

Type species: Calliasmata pholidota

Calliasmata pholidota Holthuis, 1973:37, figs. 12, 13; pl. 1: fig. 2; pl. 2: fig. 1

Ras Muhammad Crack, near Ras Muhammad, southern tip of Sinai peninsula; in salt water in narrow crack in elevated coral rock about 150 meters from the sea

Calliasmata rimolii Chace, 1975:37, figs. 5–7

Cave 4 km from town of Estero Hondo (19°51′N, 71°11′W), Provincia de Puerto Plata, northern Dominican Republic; cave filled with slightly brackish water separated from sea by about 500 meters

Cancer aculeatus O. Fabricius, 1780:239

“Naularnak,” Greenland

= Lebbeus groenlandicus

Cancer Astacus gibbosus Montagu, 1808

Torcross, England

?= Hippolyte longirostris (see Holthuis, 1947:20)

Cancer Nautilor Herbst, 1796

Locality unknown

Species inquirenda (see Holthuis, 1947:21)

Cancer Spinus; See Spirontocaris spinus

Caradina cincinnuli Bate, 1863:500

St. Vincent Gulf, South Australia; 8 meters

= Hippolyte ventricosa

Caradina tenuirostris Bate, 1863:501

St. Vincent Gulf, South Australia; 8 meters

= Hippolyte caradina

Caradina tenuis Bate, 1866:28, pl. 2: fig. 1

Plymouth, England

= Hippolyte varians

Caradina truncifrons Bate, 1863:499

St. Vincent Gulf, South Australia

= Latreutes compressus

Caricyphus acutus; See Hippocaricyphus acutus

Caricyphus bigibbosus; See Hippocaricyphus bigibbosus

Caridion Goes, 1863:170

Replacement name for DORYPHORUS Norman

Doryphorus Norman, 1861 [not Cuvier, 1829]

Caridion gordoni (Bate, 1858)

Hippolyte Gordoni Bate, 1858:51

Off British shores; probably sublittoral

Caridion monctoni Citarella, 1993:15 [nomen nudum]

Off Buctouche, New Brunswick

Larva

Caridion steveni Lebour, 1930:185

Bays in vicinity of Plymouth, England; rocky pools under stones at low water, and between tide-marks

Chorismus Bate, 1888:577, 616

Type species: Chorismus tuberculatus

Chorismus antarcticus (Pfeffer, 1887)

Hippolyte antarctica Pfeffer, 1887:51, pl. 1: figs. 22–27

South Georgia; 13–17 meters

Hippolyte Romanchei

Chorismus tuberculatus Bate, 1888:617

Off Marion Island, Prince Edward Islands, southwestern Indian Ocean; 46°41′S, 38°10′E; 567 meters

Concordia Kingsley, 1880:413

Type species: Concordia gibberosus

= Latreutes

Concordia gibberosus Kingsley, 1880:414

Fort Macon [Beaufort Inlet], North Carolina

= Latreutes parvulus

Cryptocheles G.O. Sars, 1870:150

Type species: Cryptocheles pygmaea

Cryptocheles abyssicola M. Sars, 1868:262 [nomen nudum]

= Cryptocheles pygmaea

Cryptocheles pygmaea G. O. Sars, 1870:150

Lofoten Islands, Norway; 220 meters

Cryptocheles abyssicola

Cyclorhynchus De Haan, 1849:173, 174, 175 [not Cyclorhynchus Kaup, 1829, Cyclorhynchus Sundevall, 1836, or Cyclorhynchus Macquart, 1841]

Type species: Hippolyte planirostris

= Latreutes

Doryphorus Norman, 1861:276 [not Doryphorus Cuvier. 1829]

Type species: Hippolyte Gordoni

= Caridion

Eretmocaris Bate, 1888:894

Type species: Eretmocaris remipes

= Lysmata

Eretmocaris corniger Bate, 1888:900, pl. 145: fig. 4 Cape Verde

= Lysmata, sp. (larva)

Eretmocaris dolichops Ortmann, 1893:79, pl. 5: fig. 1

Near Boa Vista, Cape Verde Islands

= Lysmata, sp. (larva)

Eretmocaris longicaulis Bate, 1888:897, pl. 145: fig. 2

South of Japan; 17°29′, 141°21′E; surface

= Lysmata, sp. (larva)

Eretmocaris remipes Bate, 1888:895, pl. 145: fig. 1

South of Japan

= Lysmata, sp. (larva)

Eretmocaris stylorostris Bate, 1888:898, pl. 145: fig. 3

Off Cape Verde Islands; surface

= Lysmata, sp. (larva)

Eualus Thallwitz, 1891b:23, 50

Type species: Euales obsus

Helia

Spirontocarella

Eualus avinus (Rathbun, 1899)

Spirontocaris avina Rathbun, 1899:557

North of Unalaska Island, Alaska; 54°00′45″N, 166°53′50″W; 642 meters

Eualus barbatus (Rathbun, 1899)

Spirontocaris barbata Rathbun, 1899:556

Bering Sea southeast of Pribilof Islands; 56°18′N, 160°38′W; 157 meters

Eualus berkeleyorum Butler, 1971:1615, figs. 1, 2

Strait of Georgia; 49°09.0′N, 123°32.6′W; 384 meters

Eualus biunguis (Rathbun, 1902)

Spirontocaris biunguis Rathbun, 1902a:899

Off Cape St. James, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia; 51°23′00″N, 130°34′00″W; 1602 meters

Eualus bulychevae Kobyakova, 1955:238

South Kurile Straits

Eualus ctenifer (Barnard, 1950)

Spirontocaris ctenifera Barnard, 1950:696, fig. 129c-k

Algoa Bay, South Africa

Eualus dozei (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891)

Hippolyte Dozei A. Milne-Edwards, 1891:46

Isla Grevy, Chile,; 65 meters

Eualus drachi Noël, 1978:23

Banyuls-sur-mer, Mediterranean coast of France

Eualus fabricii (Krøyer, 1841)

Hippolyte Fabricii Krøyer, 1841:571

Greenland

Eualus gaimardii (H. Milne Edwards, 1837)

Hippolyte Gaimardii H. Milne Edwards, 1837:378

Seas of Iceland

Hippolyte gibba

Hippolyte lentiginosa

Hippolyte recurvirostris

Hippolyte Retzii

Hippolyte gracilis Lilljeborg, 1850

Hippolyte pandaliformis

Hippolyte belcheri

Eualus obses

Spirontocaris recurvirostris

Eualus geniculata var. longirostris Kobjakova, 1936:211, fig. 38

= Heptacarpus geniculates

Eualus gracilipes Crosnier and Forest, 1973:163, fig. 50

Sao Tiago, Cape Verde Islands; 1509–2750 meters

Eualus gracilirostris (Stimpson, 1860)

Hippolyte gracilirostris Stimpson, 1860:34

Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan; laminaria zone

Eualus kikuchii Miyake and Hayashi, 1967:261

Tomioka Wan, Amakusa Shimo Jima, Kyushu, Japan

Eualus kinzeri Tiefenbacher, 1990:117, fig. 1

Weddell Sea, Antarctica

Eualus kuratai Miyake and Hayashi, 1967:253

Between Rebun To and Rishiri To, northwestern Hokkaido, Japan; 100–150 meters

Eualus lebourae Holthuis, 1951:124

Off Guinae; 10°49′N, 16°39′W; 42 meters

Eualus leptognathus (Stimpson, 1860)

Hippolyte leptognatha Stimpson, 1860:34

Hakodate-wan, Hokkaido, Japan; common on algal sand bottom, 4–11 meters

Spirontocaris japonica

?Spirontocaris fabricii var. minuta

Eualus lindbergi Kobjakova, 1955:240

Okhotsk Sea, S. Sakhalin

Eualus lineatus Wicksten and Butler, 1983:3

1.5 miles southwest of Gull Island, off Santa Cruz Island, California; 33°56′00″N, 119°50′55″W; 89 meters

Eualus longirostris; See Eualus geniculata var. longirostris

Eualus macilentus (Krøyer, 1841)

Hippolyte macilenta Krøyer, 1841:574

Spirontocaris stoneyi

Eualus macrophthalmus (Rathbun, 1902)

Spirontocaris macrophthalma Rathbun, 1902a:900

Off Destruction Island, Washington; 47°46′00″N, 125°10′00″W; 325 meters

Eualus middendorffii Brashnikov, 1907:165

Eualus obses Thallwitz, 1891b:23

Greenland

= Eualus gaimardii

Eualus occultus (Lebour, 1936)

Spirontocaris occulta Lebour, 1936:96, pl. 1, pl. 2: figs. 2, 4, 5, 7, 8; pl. 3: figs. 2, 6–11; pl. 4; figs. 1–3, 8; pl. 5: figs. 1–3, 7, 12–14; pl. 6: figs. 1–4, 6, 9; pl. 7: fig. 3

Plymouth, England

Eualus pax (Stebbing, 1915)

Spirontocaris pax Stebbing, 1915:91

False Bay, South Africa; 34°11, 18°31′E; 37 meters

Eualus pusiolus (Krøyer, 1841)

Hippolyte pusiola Krøyer, 1841:576

West coast of Norway

Hippolyte subula

Hippolyte vittata

Hippolyte Barleei

Hippolyte Andrewsii

Hippolyte Korenii

Eualus ratmanovi Makarov, 1941:125, 163

Bering Sea

Eualus sinensis (Yu, 1931)

Spirontocaris sinensis Yu, 1931:514, fig. 2

Chefoo, China

Eualus spathulirostris (Yokoya, 1933)

Spirontocaris spathulirostris Yokoya, 1933: fig. 10

Off northeastern and southeastern Honshu, Japan; 110–285 meters

Eualus subtilis Carvacho and Olson, 1984:61, figs. 1, 2

Punta Banda, southern limit of Bahia de Todos Santos, Baja California, Mexico; 30 meters in a bed of urchins,

Strongylocentrotus sp., on a rocky bottom

Eualus suckleyi (Stimpson, 1864)

Hippolyte Suckleyi Stimpson, 1864:154

Puget Sound: “circumlittoral zone”

Eualus townsendi (Rathbun, 1902)

Spirontocaris townsendi Rathbun, 1902a:897

Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington; 48°22′00″N, 122°51′00″W; 88 meters

Exhippolysmata Stebbing, 1915:94

Type species: Hippolysmata ensirostris

67. Exhippolysmata ensirostris ensirostris (Kemp, 1914)

Hippolysmata ensirostris Kemp, 1914:113, 118

Colombo, Sri Lanka

68. Exhippolysmata ensirostris punctata (Kemp, 1914)

Hippolysmata ensirostris var. punctata Kemp, 1914:120

“Sandheads,” Ganges delta, India, and Amherst and Thongwa, Burma

Exhippolysmata hastatoides (Balss, 1914)

Mimocaris hastatoides Balss, 1914a:596

Victoria, Cameroon; shallow water

Exhippolysmata oplophoroides (Holthuis, 1948)

Hippolysmata (Exhippolysmata) oplophoroides Holthuis, 1948:1106, figs. 2, 3.

Mouth of Suriname River near De Resolutie, Surinam

Exhippolysmata tugelae Stebbing, 1915:94, pl. 89.

Off Natal, South Africa; 22–47 meters

*Gelastocaris Kemp, 1914:106

Type species: Latreutes Paronae

*69. Gelastocaris paronae (Nobili, 1905)

Latreutes Paronae Nobili, 1905b:2

Zanzibar

Gelastreutes Bruce, 1990a:138

Type species: Gelastreutes crosnieri

Gelastreutes crosnieri Bruce, 1990a:139

Off New Caledonia; 19°08′30″S, 163°29′30″E; 65–120 meters

Helia Thallwitz, 1891b:24, 50 [not Helia Huebner, 1818]

Type species: Hippolyte Fabricii

= Eualus

Heptacarpus Holmes, 1900:195

Type species: Hippolyte palpator

Heptacarpus brachydactylus (Rathbun, 1902)

Spirontocaris brachydactyla Rathbun, 1902a:898

Off Santa Cruz Island, California; 33°55′30″N, 119°41′30″W; 487 meters

Heptacarpus brevirostris (Dana, 1852)

Hippolyte brevirostris Dana, 1852a:24

Strait of Juan de Fuca near Dungeness, Washington

Heptacarpus camtschaticus (Stimpson, 1860)

Hippolyte camtschatica Stimpson, 1860:33

Type locality not indicated

Heptacarpus carinatus Holmes, 1900:202

Monterey Bay, California; shallow water

Heptacarpus commensalis Hayashi, 1979:14, figs. 1, 2

Shirahama, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan; associated with Acropora, sp.

Heptacarpus decorus (Rathbun, 1902)

Spirontocaris decora Rathbun, 1902a:896

Off Santa Cruz Island, California; 33°58′00″N, 119°30′45″W; 274 meters

Heptacarpus flexus (Rathbun, 1902)

Spirontocaris flexa Rathbun, 1902a:896

North of Bird Island, Shumagin Islands, Alaska; 54°52′00″N, 154°46′00″W; 38 meters

Heptacarpus franciscanus (Schmitt, 1921)

Spirontocaris franciscana Schmitt, 1921:60

mi off Bonita Point Light, San Francisco Bay, California; 9–13 meters

Heptacarpus fuscimaculatus Wicksten, 1986:47, figs. 1, 2

Big Fisherman's Cove, Santa Catalina Island, California; 33°27′N, 118°28′W; among algae on floating dock

Heptacarpus futilirostris (Bate, 1888)

Nauticaris futilirostris Bate, 1888:606

Akashi Kaikyo, Inland Sea of Japan; 34°38′N, 135°01′E; 91 meters

Heptacarpus geniculatus (Stimpson, 1860)

Hippolyte geniculata Stimpson, 1860:34

Hakodate-wan, Hokkaido, Japan; among stones to a depth of 4 meters

Spirontocaris alcimede

Eualus geniculata var. longirostris

Heptacarpus grebnitzkii (Rathbun, 1902)

Spirontocaris grebnitzkii Rathbun, 1902b:44

Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan

Heptacarpus herdmani (Walker, 1898)

Spirontocaris herdmani Walker, 1898:277

Puget Sound

Heptacarpus igarashii Hayashi and Chiba, 1989:71, figs. 1–3

Toni Bay, Kamaishi City, Iwate Prefecture, Japan

Heptacarpus jordani (Rathbun, 1902)

Spirontocaris jordani Rathbun, 1902b:44

Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan

Heptacarpus kincaidi (Rathbun, 1902)

Spirontocaris kincaidi Rathbun, 1902a:899

Off Santa Cruz, Monterey Bay, California; 36°55′10″N, 122°04′00″W; 38 meters

Heptacarpus littoralis Butler, 1980:220

Bunsby Islands, Vancouver Island, Canada; 50.06°N, 127.32°W; 2–9 meters [T.H. Butler, in correspondence]

Heptacarpus maxillipes (Rathbun, 1902)

Spirontocaris maxillipes Rathbun, 1902a:898

Off Seguam Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska; 52°06′00″N, 171°45′00″W; 518 meters

Heptacarpus minutus (Yokoya, 1930)

Spirontocaris minuta Yokoya, 1930:531

Off “Arito”, Mutsu Wan, northern Honshu, Japan; 35 meters

Heptacarpus moseri (Rathbun, 1902)

Spirontocaris moseri Rathbun, 1902a:897

Off Seguam Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska; 52°06′00″N, 171°45′00″W; 518 meters

Heptacarpus palpator (Owen, 1839)

Hippolyte palpator Owen, 1839:89

Monterey, California

Hippolyte? Hemphillii

Heptacarpus paludicola Holmes, 1900:201

Humboldt Bay, Shelter Cove, and Bodega Bay, California

Heptacarpus pandaloides (Stimpson, 1860)

Hippolyte pandaloides Stimpson, 1860:34

Hakodate-wan, Hokkaido, Japan; among stones to a depth of 4 meters

Spirontocaris propugnatrix

Heptacarpus pugettensis Jensen, 1983:314

Alki Point, Seattle, Washington; 47°34′N, 122°25′W; low intertidal, under rock

Heptacarpus rectirostris (Stimpson, 1860)

Hippolyte rectirostris Stimpson, 1860:33

Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan; deep sea

Heptacarpus sitchensis (Brandt, 1851)

Hippolyte sitchensis Brandt, 1851:116

Sitka, Alaska

Hippolyte picta

Heptacarpus stimpsoni Holthuis, 1947:13, 44

Replacement name for Hippolyte cristata Stimpson, 1860 [not Hippolyte cristata De Haan, 1841]

Heptacarpus stylus (Stimpson, 1864)

Hippolyte stylus Stimpson, 1864:154

Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington

Hippolyte esquimaltiana

Heptacarpus taylori (Stimpson, 1857)

Hippolyte taylori Stimpson, 1857:500

Monterey, California

Heptacarpus tenuissimus Holmes, 1900:203

Monterey, California

Hippolyte gracilis Stimpson, 1864 [not Lilljeborg, 1850]

Hippolyte amabilis

Heptacarpus tridens (Rathbun, 1902)

Spirontocaris tridens Rathbun, 1902a:896

Admiralty Inlet to Puget Sound, Washington; 48°12′00″N, 122°49′00″W; 73 meters

Heptacarpus yaldwyni Wicksten, 1984:241

South of Puerto Angel [apparently not “Off Salina Cruz”], Oaxaca, Mexico; 14°47′N, 96°19′W - 14°50.5′N, 96°13′W; 1052–1145 meters

Hetairocaris De Man, 1890:120

Type species: Hetairocaris orientalis

= Alope

Hetairocaris orientalis; See Alope orientalis

Hetairus Bate, 1888:577, 610

Type species: Alpheus Polaris

= Lebbeus

Hetairus brandti; See Lebbeus brandti

Hetairus brevipes; See Lebbeus brevipes

Hetairus debilis Bate, 1888:615, pl. 109: fig. 4

South of Halifax, Nova Scotia; 43°03′N, 63°39′W; 155 meters

= Lebbeus polaris

Hetairus fasciata; See Lebbeus fasciatus

Hetairus grandimana; See Lebbeus grandimana

Hetairus heterochaela; See Lebbeus heterochaela

Hetairus japonicus; See Hetairus unalaskensis japonicus

Hetairus longidactyla; See Lebbeus longidactyla

Hetairus longipes; See Lebbeus longipes

Hetairus ochotensis; See Hetairus unalaskensis ochotensis

Hetairus schrencki; See Lebbeus schrencki

Hetairus spinirostris; See Lebbeus spinirostris

Hetairus tenuis Bate, 1888:613, pl. 109: fig. 3

South of Halifax, Nova Scotia; 43°03′N, 63°39′W; 155 meters

= Lebbeus polaris

Hetairus unalaskensis japonicus Kobjakova, 1936:202 (japonia), 204, 210, 218, 222, pl. 2: fig. 14

= Lebbeus unalaskensis

Hetairus unalaskensis ochotensis Kobjakova, 1936:191, 194, 210, 218, 222, pl. 2: fig. 15

= Lebbeus unalaskensis

Hetairus ushakovi; See Lebbeus ushakovi

Hetairus zebra Makarov, 1935:319, fig. 1

Ostrov Bering, off Mys Olyutorskiy, and “Awatscha-Golf” near “Bucht Betschewinskaja”; littoral to 32 meters

= Lebbeus fasciatus

Hippocaricyphus Coutière, 1907

Type species: Hippocaricyphus acutus

Hippocaricyphus acutus (Coutière, 1905)

Caricyphus acutus Coutière, 1905:21. fig. 7

Near the Azores

Hippolytid larva

Hippocaricyphus bigibbosus (Coutière, 1905)

Caricyphus bigibbosus Coutière, 1905:26, fig. 8

Near the Azores

Hippolytid larva

Hippolite armata Owen, 1839:88

= Lebbeus groenlandicus

Hippolite cornuta Owen, 1839:89

= Lebbeus groenlandicus

Hippolysmata Stimpson, 1860:26

Type species: Hippolysmata vittata

= Lysmata

Hippolysmata acicula Rathbun, 1906:912, pl. 24: fig. 6

Puolo Point, Kauai, Hawaii; S.51°30′E 4.9′

= Lysmata ternatensis

Hippolysmata amboinensis; See Hippolysmata vittata var. amboinensis

= Lysmata amboinensis

Hippolysmata californica; See Lysmata californica

Hippolysmata dentata Kemp, 1914:117, pl. 6: fig. 5

Off mouth of Irrawaddy River, Burma; 15°20′N, 94°55′E; 37 meters

= Lysmata kempi

Hippolysmata durbanensis Stebbing, 1921a:20, pl. 5

Durban Bay, South Africa

= Lysmata vittata

Hippolysmata ensirostris; See Exhippolysmata ensirostris

Hippolysmata (Exhippolysmata) ensirostris var. punctata; See Exhippolysmata ensirostris punctata

Hippolysmata grabhami; See Lysmata grabhami

Hippolysmata intermedia; See Lysmata intermedia

Hippolysmata marleyi Stebbing, 1919:120

Sezela, Natal, South Africa

= Lysmata kuekenthali

Hippolysmata moorei; See Lysmata moorei

Hippolysmata (Hippolysmata) morelandi Yaldwyn, 1971:90; See Lysmata morelandi

Hippolysmata multiscissa; See Lysmata multiscissa

Hippolysmata (ExHippolysmata) oplophoroides; See Exhippolysmata oplophoroides

Hippolysmata paucidens Rathbun, 1906:913, pl. 24: fig. 4

Waikiki Beach, Oahu, Hawaii

= Lysmata trisetacea

Hippolysmata Porteri; See Lysmata porteri

Hippolysmata punctata; See Exhippolysmata ensirostris punctata

Hippolysmata rhizophorae; See Merguia rhizophorae

Hippolysmata subtilis; See Hippolysmata vittata subtilis

= Lysmata vittata

Hippolysmata vittata; See Lysmata vittata

Hippolysmata vittata var. amboinensis; See Lysmata amboinensis

Hippolysmata vittata subtilis Thallwitz, 1891b:22

Cebu, Philippines

= Lysmata vittata

*Hippolyte Leach, 1814:431

Type species: Hippolyte Varians

Nectoceras

Virbius

Bellidia

Hippolyte acuminatus Dana, 1852a:24

North Atlantic Ocean with Sargassum

= Hippolyte coerulescens

Hippolyte acuta (Stimpson, 1860)

Virbius acutus Stimpson, 1860:35

Ryukyu Islands; on weed-covered littoral rocks

?= Hippolyte ventricosa

Hippolyte affinis Owen, 1939:90, pl. 27: fig. 4

Monterey, California

Species inquirenda (see Holthuis, 1947:21)

Hippolyte amabilis Lenz, 1901:432

Bare Island, San Juan County, Washington; 48°43.8′N, 123°0.7′W.

= Heptacarpus tenuissimus

Hippolyte Amazo Pfeffer, 1886:46

= Lebbeus polaris

Hippolyte amboinensis; See Thor amboinensis

Hippolyte Andrewsii Kinahan, 1857 [reference unascertained]

Ireland

= Eualus pusiolus

Hippolyte antarctica; See Chorismus antarcticus

Hippolyte armoricana; See Hippolyte longirostris armoricana

Hippolyte Barleei Bate, 1852

Shetland Islands

= Eualus pusiolus

Hippolyte belcheri Bell, 1855:402

Arctic

= Eualus gaimardii

Hippolyte bermudensis; See Hippolyte pleuracantha bermudensis

?= Hippolyte zostericola

Hippolyte bidentatus Bate, 1888:591

Atlantic Ocean; on gulf-weed and surface among gulf-weed; 32°07′-35°29′N, 50°53′–52°32′; surface among gulf weed

= Hippolyte coerulescens

Hippolyte bifidirostris (Miers, 1876)

Virbius bifidirostris Miers, 1876:81, pl. 2: fig. 1

New Zealand

[Hippolyte bispinosa De Haan, 1844 = Sicyonia bispinosa]

Hippolyte borealis Ross, 1835:lxxxiv

= Lebbeus polaris

Hippolyte brevirostris; See Heptacarpus brevirostris

Hippolyte Bunseni Neumann, 1878:36 [accredited to Pagenstecher by Neumann]

Palma, Majorca

= Thoralus cranchii

Hippolyte californiensis Holmes, 1895:576

Bodega Bay, California

Hippolyte camtschatica; See Heptacarpus camtschaticus

Hippolyte capensis (Lenz and Strunck, 1914)

Virbius capensis Lenz and Strunck, 1914:319, pl. 20: figs. 1–4

Simons Bay, South Africa

Hippolyte caradina Holthuis, 1947:14, 54

Replacement name for Caradina tenuirostris Bate, 1863 [not Hippolyte tenuirostris H. Milne Edwards, 1837]

Caradina tenuirostris Bate, 1863

Hippolyte Carneus P. Roux, 1831:28 [Risso identification]

= Ligur ensiferus

Hippolyte clarki Chace, 1951:37, fig. 1f–p

Friday Harbor, Washington; in eel grass

Hippolyte coerulescens (Fabricius, 1775)

Astacus coerulescens Fabricius, 1775:414

“Pelago inter Tropicos”

Palaemon pelasgicus

Hippolyte tenuirostris

Hippolyte acuminatus

Hippolyte bidentatus

Hippolyte Martiali

Hippolyte commensalis Kemp, 1925:331

Coral reef off Reed Point, Nancowry Island, Nicobar Islands

Hippolyte consobrinus A. Milne-Edwards, 1891:47, pl. 5: fig. 4

Bahia Orange, Isla hoste, Chile

= Nauticaris magellanica

[Hippolyte costata Leuckart, 1847 = Pontophilus, sp.?]

Hippolyte Cranchii; See Thoralus cranchii

Hippolyte Crassicornis H. Milne Edwards, 1837:375

St. Malo, Brittany, France

= Eualus occultus or Thoralus cranchii (see Holthuis, 1947:22)

[Hippolyte cristata De Haan, 1844:194 = Sicyonia cristata]

Hippolyte cristata Stimpson, 1860:33 [not De Haan, 1844]

San Francisco, California; 9–18 meters

= Heptacarpus stimpsoni

Hippolyte Cubensis; See Barbouria cubensis

Hippolyte cultellata Norman, 1867:200

= Lebbeus polaris

Hippolyte curacaoensis Schmitt, 1924

Hippolyte curacaoensis Schmitt, 1924a:68, fig. 4

Westpunt, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles

[Hippolyte denticulata De Haan, 1844 = Caridina denticulata]

Hippolyte Dozei; See Eualus dozei

Hippolyte edmondsoni Hayashi, 1982:185, figs. 1–3

Waimanalo, Oahu, Hawaii

[Hippolyte elongatus Guerin-Meneville, 1857 = Xiphocaris elongata]

Hippolyte ensiferus H. Milne Edwards, 1837:374

High sea near Azores

= Latreutes fucorum

Hippolyte ensis; See Hippolyte Whitei var. ensis

Hippolyte esquimaltiana Bate, 1864:666

Esquimalt Harbor, Vancouver Island, British Columbia

= Heptacarpus stylus

Hippolyte exilirostrata Dana, 1852

Hippolyte exilirostratus Dana, 1852a:24

Rio de Janeiro

Hippolyte Fabricii; See Eualus fabricii

Hippolyte falcatus; See Hippolyte Whitei var. falcatus

Hippolyte fascigera Gosse, 1853:153

= Hippolyte varians

Hippolyte Gaimardii; See Eualus gaimardii

Hippolyte geniculata; See Heptacarpus geniculatus

Hippolyte gibba Kroyer, 1841:572

= Eualus gaimardii

Hippolyte gibberosus H. Milne Edwards, 1837:378

Shores of Australia

= Saron marmoratus

Hippolyte Gordoni; See Caridion gordoni

[Hippolyte gracilipes Randall, 1840 ?= Palaemon, sp.]

Hippolyte gracilirostris; See Eualus gracilirostris

Hippolyte gracilis Leuckart, 1847:92

Iceland

Nomen nudum

Hippolyte gracilis Lilljeborg, 1850:83

= Eualus gaimardii

Hippolyte gracilis Stimpson, 1864:155 [not Lilljeborg (1850)]

Puget Sound, Washington; deep water

= Heptacarpus tenuissimus

Hippolyte Grayana Thompson, 1853

= Hippolyte inermis

Hippolyte Grayi Cunningham, 1871:496

= Austropandalus grayi

Hippolyte? Hemphillii Lockington, 1877:35

San Diego, California

= Heptacarpus palpator

Hippolyte Hemprichii Heller, 1861:29

Red Sea

= Saron marmoratus

Hippolyte holthuisi Zariquiey Alvarez, 1953:104

Cadaques, northeastern Spain; to a depth of 60 meters

Hippolyte huntii (Gosse, 1877)

Bellidia Huntii Gosse, 1877:313, pl. 10

Torquay, Devonshire, England; 11 meters

Hippolyte ignobilis Kinahan, 1858 [reference unascertained]

Port Philip, Victoria, Australia

Species inquirenda

Hippolyte incerta Buchholz, 1874:272

= Lebbeus polaris

Hippolyte inermis Leach, 1815:347

South coast of Devon

Palaemon Olivieri

Palemon Margaritaceus

Hippolyte Moorii

Hippolyte Prideauxiana

Hippolyte Brullei

Hippolyte viridis

Hippolyte mauritanicus

Hippolyte Grayana

Hippolyte Mitchelii

Hippolyte Whitei

Hippolyte Whitei var. ensis

Hippolyte Whitei var. falcatus

Hippolyte virescens

Virbius Brullei forma elongata

Virbius Brullei forma fortior

Hippolyte jarvisensis Hayashi, 1982:190, figs. 4, 5

Jarvis Islands, Line Islands

Hippolyte Korenii Danielssen, 1859:6

Vadso, Norway; 110 meters, mud bottom

= Eualus pusiolus

Hippolyte kraussiana (Stimpson, 1860)

Virbius Kraussianus Stimpson, 1860:36

Simons Bay, South Africa

Hippolyte kukenthali De Man, 1902:850; See Lysmata kuekenthali

Hippolyte lamellicornis; See Spirontocaris lamellicornis

Hippolyte Layi Owen, 1839:90, pl. 27: fig. 3

Monterey, California

Species inquirenda

Hippolyte Leachii Guérin-Méneville, 1838, pl. 21: fig. 4

Kusaie, Caroline Islands

= Saron marmoratus

Hippolyte lentiginosa Rathke, 1843:14

= Eualus gaimardii

Hippolyte leptocerus (Heller, 1863)

Virbius leptocerus Heller, 1863:289

Genoa, Italy

Hippolyte leptognatha; See Eualus leptognathus

Hippolyte leptometrae Ledoyer, 1969:342

Off Provence, France, near Marseille; 110 meters

Hippolyte Lilljeborgii; See Spirontocaris lilljeborgii

Hippolyte lineata Lockington, 1877:35

San Diego, California

= Lysmata californica

Hippolyte longirostris longirostris (Czerniavsky, 1884)

Virbius gracilis var. longirostris Czerniavsky, 1884:68,

Virbius gracilis Heller, 1862a

Virbius gracilis var. brevirostris

Virbius gracilis var. longirostris

Virbius gracilis var. articulirostri

Virbius gracilis forma typica

?Virbius rectifrons

?Virbius tenuirostris

Hippolyte longirostris armoricana Sollaud, in Bourdon, 1965:6, [39]

Roscoff, France

Hippolyte Lovenii Rathke, 1843

Moide, Norway

= Eualus occultus or Thoralus cranchii (see Holthuis, 1947:22)

Hippolyte Lygdamis White, 1847:76

Chile

Nomen nudum

Hippolyte Macandreae Bell, 1847

British coast

Nomen nudum

Hippolyte macilenta; See Eualus macilentus

[Hippolyte macrocheles Hailstone, 1835 = Alpheus macrocheles]

Hippolyte magellanicus; See Nauticaris magellanica

Hippolyte marioni Gourret, 1887

Gulf of Marseille, France

Species inquirenda

Hippolyte Martiali A. Milne-Edwards, 1891:47

Beagle Channel off Lapatala, Tierra del Fuego; 198 meters

= Hippolyte coerulescens

Hippolyte mauritanicus Lucas, 1846:42

Algeria

= Hippolyte inermis

Hippolyte Metis White, 1847:76

Philippine Islands

Nomen nudum

Hippolyte mexicana Chace, 1937b: 127

Bahia Santa Ines, Baja California, Mexico; 26°59′N, 111°59′W; 2 meters

= Hippolyte williamsi

Hippolyte microceras; See Lebbeus microceros

Hippolyte Mitchelli Thompson, 1853:114, pl. 6: fig. 4

= Hippolyte inermis

Hippolyte Moorii Leach, 1817: plate 38: fig. 2

Plymouth Sound, England

= Hippolyte inermis

Hippolyte multicolorata Yaldwyn, 1971:90

Island Bay, Wellington, New Zealand; intertidal algae

Hippolyte mutila Krøyer, 1841:573

= Thoralus cranchii

Hippolyte mysis Birula, 1898:184

White Sea

= Lebbeus polaris

Hippolyte nicholsoni Chace, 1972:113

Milford Bay, between Pigeon Point and Crown Point, Tobago, West Indies; 9–12 meters

Hippolyte obliquimanus Dana, 1852a:24

Rio de Janeiro

Virbius gracilis var. brasiliensis

Hippolyte ochotensis; See Spirontocaris ochotensis

Hippolyte oligodon; See Merguia oligodon

Hippolyte orientalis Heller, 1862b:277

Red Sea

= Hippolyte ventricosa

Hippolyte palliola Kensley, 1970:183, figs. 1, 2

Mowe Point, northern S.W. Africa; from algae in rock pool

Hippolyte palpator; See Heptacarpus palpator

[Hippolyte paludosa Gibbes, 1850 = Palaemonetes paludosus]

Hippolyte pandaliformis Bell, 1851:294

Loch Fyne, Scotland; 37 meters

= Eualus gaimardii

Hippolyte pandaloides; See Heptacarpus pandaloides

Hippolyte panschi Buchholz, 1874:277, pl. 1: fig. 1

Eastern Greenland

= Bythocaris simplicirostris

[Hippolyte parvulus De Haan, 1844 = Sicyonia parvula]

Hippolyte paschalis; See Thor paschalis

Hippolyte Payeri; See Bythocaris payeri

Hippolyte pectinifera; See Spirontocaris pectinifera

Hippolyte Phippsii; See Spirontocaris phippsii

Hippolyte picta Stimpson, 1871:125

Monterey, California

= Heptacarpus sitchensis

Hippolyte planirostris; See Latreutes planirostris

Hippolyte pleuracantha (Stimpson, 1871)

Virbius pleuracanthus Stimpson, 1871:127

Norfolk, Virginia, and Somers Point, Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey; “among Zostera just below low water mark”

Hippolyte pleuracantha bermudensis Gurney, 1936:27, pl. 1: figs. 4–12; pl. 2: figs. 13–21

Castle Harbour and Tobacco Bay, Bermuda; among Zostera and attached Sargassum

?= Hippolyte zostericola

Hippolyte ponapensis Ortmann, 1890:502

Ponape, Caroline Islands

= Alope orientalis

Hippolyte Prideauxiana Leach, 1817: pl. 38: figs. 1, 3–5

Near Bantham, Devon, England

= Hippolyte inermis

Hippolyte prionota; See Spirontocaris prionota

Hippolyte producta Norman, 1861:275

= Hippolyte varians

Hippolyte projecta Bate, 1888:594, pl. 105: fig. 3

South of Halifax, Nova Scotia; 43°03′N, 63°39′W; 155 meters

= Lebbeus polaris

Hippolyte proteus (Paulson, 1875)

Virbius Proteus Paulson, 1875:109, pl. 16: figs. 2–5, pl. 18: fig. 1–1k

Red Sea

Hippolyte pusiola; See Eualus pusiolus

Hippolyte Quoyanus H. Milne Edwards, 1837:375

New Guinea

Species inquirenda

Hippolyte rectirostris; See Heptacarpus rectirostris

Hippolyte recurvirostris Rathke, 1843:12

= Eualus gaimardii

Hippolyte restrictus; See Trachycaris restricta

Hippolyte Retzii Rathke, 1843:16

= Eualus gaimardii

Hippolyte Romanchei A. Milne-Edwards, 1891:45

= Chorismus antarcticus

[Hippolyte? rubra Hailstone, 1835 = Alpheus macrocheles (Hailstone)]

Hippolyte rubrosignata Wagner, 1885

White Sea

Nomen nudum

Hippolyte sapphica d′Udekem d′Acoz, 1993:55, figs. 1, 5, 7–9

Lesbos Island, Greece; 0.2–1 meter

Hippolyte St. Pauli Brandt, 1851:118

= Lebbeus polaris

Hippolyte securifrons Norman, 1862:151

= Spirontocaris lilljeborgii

Hippolyte serratus H. Milne Edwards, 1837:377

“baie de Jarvis”

Species inquirenda

Hippolyte sitchensis; See Heptacarpus sitchensis

Hippolyte smaragdina Krøyer, 1841:570

= Hippolyte varians

Hippolyte Sowerbaei Leach, 1817: pl. 39: figs. 1–10

= Spirontocaris spinus

[Hippolyte spinicaudus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 = Chlorotocella spinicauda]

Hippolyte spinifrons; See Alope spinifrons

Hippolyte Stewarti Thomson, 1889:259

Paterson Inlet, Stewart Island, New Zealand

= Nauticaris marionis

Hippolyte stylus; See Heptacarpus stylus

Hippolyte subula Rathke, 1843:9

= Eualus pusiolus

Hippolyte Suckleyi; See Eualus suckleyi

Hippolyte taylori; See Heptacarpus taylori

Hippolyte tenuirostris H. Milne Edwards, 1837:374

On the high seas near the Azores

= Hippolyte coerulescens

[Hippolyte Thompsoni Bell, 1851 = Pandalina brevirostris (Rathke)]

Hippolyte trisetacea; See Lysmata trisetacea

Hippolyte turgida Krøyer, 1841:575

= Spirontocaris phippsii

Hippolyte varians Leach, 1814:431

Alpheus elongatus

Hippolyte smaragdina

Hippolyte fascigera

Hippolyte producta

Caradina tenuis

*70. Hippolyte ventricosa H. Milne Edwards, 1837:371

Seas of Asia

? Virbius acutus

Virbius australiensis

Hippolyte orientalis

Caradina cincinnuli

Virbius Mossambicus

Hippolyte vibrans Stimpson, 1871:125

Massachusetts Bay

= Spirontocaris phippsii

Hippolyte virescens H. Milne Edwards, 1837, pl. 53: fig. 3

Type locality not indicated

= Hippolyte inermis

Hipolyte viridis Otto, 1828:338

= Hippolyte inermis

Hippolyte vittata Rathke, 1843:10

= Eualus pusiolus

Hippolyte Whitei Thompson, 1853

= Hippolyte inermis

Hippolyte Whitei var. ensis Thompson, 1853

=Hippolyte inermis

Hippolyte Whitei var. falcatus Thompson, 1853

=Hippolyte inermis

Hippolyte williamsi Schmitt, 1924b: 163

Isla Eden, off Isla Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands; 9 meters

Hippolyte mexicana

Hippolyte Wurdemanni; See Lysmata wurdemanni

Hippolyte Yarrellii Thompson, 1853

Weymouth Bay, southern England

= Eualus occultus or Thoralus cranchii

Hippolyte zostericola (Smith, 1873)

Virbius zostericola Smith, 1873:550, pl. 3: fig. 11

Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts

Hippolyte pleuracantha bermudensis

Hippolytes carneus (Risso ms) Monod, 1931

Mediterranean

Nomen nudum

Hippolytes incarnatus (Risso ms) Monod, 1931

Mediterranean

Nomen nudum

[Hippolythes variegatus Risso, 1826 = Athanas nitescens (Leach)]

Hippolytus Brullei Guérin-Méneville, 1832:41, pl. 27: fig. 2

= Hippolyte inermis

Hippolytus Incarnatus Hope, 1851:18

Nomen nudum

=Ligur ensiferus

Hyppolite Kraussii Bianconi, 1869:200

Mozambique

= Saron marmoratus

[Hyppolyte Desmarestii Millet, 1831 = Atyaephyra desmarestii]

Janicea Manning and Hart, 1984:657

Type species: Barbouria antiguensis

Janicea antiguensis (Chace, 1972)

Barbouria antiguensis Chace, 1972:107, figs. 40, 41

English Harbour, Antigua, West Indies; alga-covered seawall

Koror Clark, 1989:445

Type species: Koror misticius

= Parhippolyte

Koror misticius; See Parhippolyte misticius

*Latreutes Stimpson, 1860:27

Type species: Hippolyte ensiferus

Cyclorhynchus De Haan, 1849

Rhynchocyclus

Concordia

Platybema

Latreutes acicularis Ortmann, 1890:506, pl. 37: fig. 6, 6d–k, 6n

“Kadsiyama,” Japan

*71 Latreutes anoplonyx Kemp, 1914:104, pl. 4: figs. 3–5

Bombay, India

Latreutes antiborealis Holthuis, 1952:62, fig. 14

Inner part of Canal San Antonio, Golfo de Ancud, Chile; 41°44′10″S, 73°15′15″W; 15 meters

Latreutes ceylonensis Pearson, 1905:81, pl. 2: fig. 7

Sri Lanka pearl banks

Species inquirenda

Latreutes compressus (Stimpson, 1860)

Rhynchocyclus compressus Stimpson, 1860:28

Port Jackson, Sydney Harbour, Australia

Caradina truncifrons

Latreutes dorsalis Stimpson, 1860:27

Hakodate-wan, Hokkaido, Japan

= Latreutes planirostris

Latreutes foliirostris Kobjakova, 1935:91

Zaliv Petra Velikogo [Peter the Great Bay], Maritime Territory, U.S.S.R.

Latreutes fucorum (Fabricius, 1798)

Palaemon fucorum Fabricius, 1798:404

Floating gulfweed

Hippolyte ensiferus

Lareutes Gravieri Nobili, 1904:230

Djibouti

= Latreutes mucronatus

Latreutes inermis Chace, 1972:122, figs. 51, 52

Reef just south of Marigot Harbour, Saint Lucia Island, West Indies; 4–6 meters

Latreutes laminirostris Ortmann, 1890:506, pl. 37: fig. 5

“Tanagava,” Japan

*72 Latreutes mucronatus (Stimpson, 1860)

Rhynchocyclus mucronatus Stimpson, 1860:27

Lei Yue Mun Pass, Hong Kong; shelly bottom in 46 meters

Latreutes Gravieri

Latreutes mucronatus var. multidens

Latreutes mucronatus var. multidens Nobili, 1905c:394

Red Sea

= Latreutes mucronatus

Latreutes multidens; See Latreutes mucronatus var. multidens

= Latreutes mucronatus

Latreutes natalensis Lenz and Strunck, 1914:320, pl. 21: figs. 1–11

Natal

Latreutes Paronae; See Gelastocaris paronae

Latreutes parvulus (Stimpson, 1866)

Rhynchocyclus parvulus Stimpson, 1866:48

Saint Joseph Island, Texas

Concordia gibberosus

Latreutes phycologus Nobili, 1905d, fig.

Arabian coast; on a floating brown alga

Latreutes planirostris (De Haan, 1844)

Hippolyte planirostris De Haan, 1844, pl. 45: fig. 7 [the undotted “i” in the specific name on the De Haan plate might suggest that the original spelling is “plamrostris,” a misinterpretation effectively dismissed by L.B. Holthuis in correspondence].

Japan

Latreutes dorsalis

73. Latreutes planus Bate, 1888:584, pl. 89: fig. 5

Off Sibago Island, Moro Gulf east of Basilan Strait, Philippines

Latreutes porcinus Kemp, 1916:397, fig. 3, pl. 36: fig. 3

Off Ross Island jetty, Port Blair, Andaman Islands; among weeds

Latreutes pristis (Nobili, 1899)

Platybema pristis Nobili, 1899:233

Beagle Entrance, Papua, Australian New Guinea

Latreutes pygmaeus Nobili, 1906:37

Erroneus spelling of Latreutes pymoeus

Latreutes pymoeus Nobili, 1904:230

Djibouti

Latreutes pygmaeus

74. Latreutes unidentatus Bate, 1888:586, pl. 89: fig. 6

Off Sibago Island, Moro Gulf east of Basilan Strait, Philippines

Lebbeus White, 1847:76, 135

Type species: Lebbeus orthorhynchus [= Alpheus Polaris]

Hetairus

Birulaecaris

Lebbeus antarcticus (Hale, 1941)

Spirontocaris antarcticus Hale, 1941:267, figs. 5, 6

Off Adelie Coast, Wilkes Land, Antarctica; 66°21′S, 138°28′E; 640 meters

Lebbeus balssi Hayashi, 1992:112, figs. 1–3

East China Sea; 33°59.4′N, 128°48.0′E; dredge, 102 meters

Lebbeus bidentatus Zarenkov, 1976:13, fig. 5

Peru

Lebbeus brandti (Brashnikov, 1907)

Hetairus brandti Brashnikov, 1907:157, fig. 20

Sea of Okhotsk

Lebbeus brevipes (Kobjakova, 1936)

Hetairus brevipes Kobjakova, 1936:194, 210, 218, 222, fig. 9a–c

Sea of Okhotsk; 335 meters

= Lebbeus unalaskensis

Lebbeus carinatus Zarenkov, 1976:9, fig. 2

Peru; 1850 meters

Lebbeus carinatus de Saint Laurent, 1984:356 [? not Zarenkov, 1976]

Albatross Plateau, eastern Pacific; 2620 meters

Lebbeus catalepsis Jensen, 1987:89, figs. 1–3

Strait of Juan de Fuca between Sekiu and Neah Bay, Washington; 48°19′N, 124°28′W; low intertidal

Lebbeus compressus Holthuis, 1947:9, 40

Replacement name for Spirontocaris gibberosa Yokoya, 1933 [not Balss, 1914]

Lebbeus curvirostris Zarenkov, 1976:12, fig. 4

Off Peru; 1680–1860 meters

Lebbeus fasciatus (Makarov, 1936)

Hetairus fasciatus Makarov, 1936 [cited by Kobjakova, 1936:191, 210, 218]

Bering Sea, Bering Island, and SE Kamchatka; 1–32 m

Hetairus zebra Makarov, 1935 [not Leim, 1921]

Spirontocaris makarofi Urita

Lebbeus grandimana (Brashnikov, 1907)

Hetairus grandimana Brashnikov, 1907:152

S and E Ostrov Sakhalin; 19–118 m

Lebbeus groenlandicus (Fabricius, 1775)

Astacus Groenlandicus Fabricius, 1775:416

“Habitat in mari groenlandico”

Cancer aculeatus

Hippolite armata

Hippolite cornuta

Lebbeus heterochaela (Kobjakova, 1936)

Hetairus heterochaela Kobjakova, 1936:194, 210, 218, 222, figs. 18, 19

Sea of Okhotsk; 165 meters

75. Lebbeus indicus Holthuis, 1947:40, figs. 1–3

Bali Sea; 7°28′.2S, 115°24′. 6E; 1018 meters

Lebbeus kuboi Hayashi, 1992:123, figs. 6–8

Sea of Japan off Namerikawa; 200 meters

Lebbeus lagunae (Schmitt, 1921)

Spirontocaris lagunae Schmitt, 1921:57, fig. 35

Laguna Beach, California; 22–27 meters

Lebbeus longidactyla (Kobjakova, 1936)

Hetairus longidactyla Kobjakova, 1936:194, 210, 218, 222, figs. 12, 13

Sea of Okhotsk; 440–504 meters

Lebbeus longipes (Kobjakova, 1936)

Hetairus longipes Kobjakova, 1936:202, 204, 210, 218, 222, pl. 2: fig. 16

Peter the Great Bay (Zaliv Petra Velikogo) and Tatarsky Strait (Tatarskyi Proliv), Sea of Japan

Lebbeus microceros (Krøyer, 1841)

Hippolyte microceras Krøyer, 1841:579

W Greenland

Spirontocaris zebra Leim, 1921

Lebbeus miyakei Hayashi, 1992:127, figs. 10, 11

Orono-shima Island, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan; 30–40 meters

Lebbeus montereyensis; See Lebbeus vicinus montereyensis

Lebbeus orthorhynchus White, 1847:76

= Lebbeus polaris

Lebbeus polaris (Sabine, 1824)

Alpheus polaris Sabine, 1824:ccxxxviii

Melville Island, Parry Islands, Northwest Territories, Canada; 91 meters

Hippolyte borealis

Lebbeus orthorhynchus

Hippolyte St. Pauli

Hippolyte cultellata

Hippolyte incerta

Hippolyte Amazo

Hetairus debilis

Hetairus tenuis

Hippolyte projecta

Hippolyte mysis

Lebbeus possjeticus Kobjakova, 1967:235

Possjet Bay, Sea of Japan

=Lebbeus speciosus

Lebbeus profundus (Rathbun, 1906)

Spirontocaris profunda Rathbun, 1906:914

Center of Nihoa [= Modu Manu, Bird Island], Hawaii, S. 77°30′, E 11.1′; 1394–1829 meters

Lebbeus saldanhae (Barnard, 1947)

Spirontocaris saldanhae Barnard, 1947:385

Off Constable Hill, Saldanha Bay, South Africa; 265 meters

Lebbeus schrencki (Brashnikov, 1907)

Hetairus schrencki Brashnikov, 1907:161

East coast of Ostrov Sakhalin; 43–100 m

Lebbeus scrippsi Wicksten and Mendez, 1982:106, pls. 1, 2

Off Arica, Chile; 18°40.5′S, 70°36.0′W to 18°32.2′S, 70°29.8′W; 768–968 meters

Lebbeus speciosus (Urita, 1942)

Spirontocaris makarofi speciosa Urita, 1942:18, fig. 3

Otomari, Sakhalin; 4–6 meters

Lebbeus possjeticus

Lebbeus spinirostris (Kobjakova, 1936)

Hetairus spinirostris Kobjakova, 1936:194, 210, 216, 222, fig. 10

Sea of Okhotsk; 165 meters

Lebbeus splendidus Wicksten and Mendez, 1982:110, pls. 3–5

Southwest of Isla Lobos de Tierra, Peru; 6°31′S, 81°01′W; 712–744 meters

Lebbeus unalaskensis (Rathbun, 1902)

Spirontocaris unalaskensis Rathbun, 1902a:895

Bering Sea north of Unalaska Island, Alaska; 54°01′40″N, 166°48′50″W; 640 meters

Hetairus unalaskensis japonicus

Hetairus unalaskensis ochotensis

Hetairus brevipes

Lebbeus ushakovi (Kobjakova, 1936)

Hetairus ushakovi Kobjakova, 1936:210, 218, 222, fig. 11

Sea of Okhotsk; 165 meters

Lebbeus vicinus vicinus (Rathbun, 1902)

Spirontocaris vicina Rathbun, 1902a:895

Bering Sea north of Unalaska Island, Alaska; 54°01′00″N, 166°48′45″W; 566 meters

Lebbeus vicinus montereyensis Wicksten and Mendez, 1982:114

West of Cabo Punta Banda, Baja California, Mexico; 31°18′N, 117°36′W; 2068–2086 meters

Lebbeus vinogradowi Zarenkov, 1960:346

Sea of Okhotsk; 56°57.5′N, 145°57′E; 204 meters

Lebbeus washingtonianus (Rathbun, 1902)

Spirontocaris washingtoniana Rathbun, 1902a:895

Off Washington; 47°29′00″N, 125°33′30″W; 1253 meters

Lebbeus yaldwyni Kensley, Tranter, and Griffin, 1987:304

East of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; 33°43′S, 151°51–53′E; 450 meters

Leontocaris Stebbing, 1905:21, 98

Type species: Leontocaris paulsoni

?Problemacaris

Leontocaris amplectipes Bruce, 1990b: 121

South of Point Hicks, Victoria, Australia; 38°21.9′S, 149°20.0′E; 1000 meters

Leontocaris lar Kemp, 1906:299

West and southwest of Ireland; 914–1147+ meters

?Problemacaris boschmai

Leontocaris pacificus Zarenkov, 1976:10, fig. 3

Chile; 680–700 meters

Leontocaris paulsoni Stebbing, 1905:99

25 miles off Lions Head, Cape Town, South Africa

? Problemacaris spinetum

Ligur Sarato, 1885:2

Type species: Ligur Edwardsii [= Palemon Ensiferus]

Lybia Risso, 1844 [not H. Milne Edwards, 1834]

Ligur ensiferus (Risso, 1816)

Palaemon Ensiferus Risso, 1816:106

Nice

Alpheus ensiferus

Hippolyte Carneus

Lybia ensifera

Hippolytus Incarnatus

Palaemon Vedianti

(See Holthuis, 1977:50 for complete synonymy)

Lybia 1844:95 [not H. Milne Edwards, 1834]

Type species: Palemon Ensiferus

= Ligur

Lybia ensifera Risso, 1844; See Ligur ensiferus

Lysippe Kinahan, 1858:266 [name suppressed under plenary power of the International Commission, Opinion 671, 1963].

Type species: Hippolyte Cranchii

= Thoralus

*Lysmata Risso, 1816:175 (footnote)

Replacement name for Melicerta Risso, 1816

Aglaope

Niphea

Arno

Hippolysmata

Eretmocaris

Lysmata aberrans Czerniavsky, 1884:63, pl. 3: fig. 7A–K

Sukhumi, Black Sea; 1–1.5 meters, nocturnally natatory

=Lysmata seticaudata

Lysmata affinis Borradaile, 1915:209

Laccadive Islands, Seychelles, and Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean

=Lysmata ternatensis,

76. Lysmata amboinensis (De Man, 1888)

Hippolysmata vittata var. amboinensis De Man, 1888:495

Ambon, Indonesia

Lysmata anchisteus Chace, 1972:125, figs. 53, 54

Point Saline, Grenada, West Indies; rocks at southwest end of first beach on lee coast

Lysmata californica (Stimpson, 1866)

Hippolysmata californica Stimpson, 1866:48

San Diego, California

Hippolyte lineata

Lysmata chiltoni Kemp, 1914:110

Meyer Island, Kermadec Islands

= Lysmata trisetacea

76. Lysmata debelius Bruce, 1983:115

Polillo Island, east of Luzon, Philippines; 28 meters

Lysmata dentata (De Haan, 1844)

Palaemon dentatus De Haan, 1844, pl. 45: fig. 13 [not Palaemon dentatus Roemer, 1841]

Japan

= Lysmata ternatensis

Lysmata galapagensis Schmitt, 1924b: 165

Northeast of Isla Eden, Galapagos Islands; 13 meters

Lysmata grabhami (Gordon, 1935)

Hippolysmata grabhami Gordon, 1935:319, figs. 10, 11a,b

Funchal, Madeira Islands

Lysmata intermedia (Kingsley, 1878)

Hippolysmata intermedia Kingsley, 1878b:90

Dry Tortugas, Florida

Lysmata kempi, new name for Hippolysmata dentata Kemp, 1914, not Palaemon dentatus De Haan, 1844

78. Lysmata kuekenthali (De Man, 1902)

Hippolyte kukenthali De Man, 1902:850

Replacement name for Merhippolyte orientalis De Man, 1892 [not Bate, 1888]

Near Maumere, Flores, fringing reef [and Ternate], Indonesia

Hippolysmata marleyi

Lysmata moorei (Rathbun, 1901)

Hippolysmata moorei Rathbun, 1901:115, fig. 23

Playa de Ponce, Puerto Rico

Lysmata morelandi (Yaldwyn, 1971)

Hippolysmata (Hippolysmata) morelandi Yaldwyn, 1971:90

Bay of Islands, North Auckland, New Zealand; subtidal algal beds on rocky substrate to a depth of about 6 meters

Lysmata multiscissa (Nobili, 1904)

Hippolysmata multiscissa Nobili, 1904:231, pl. 2: fig. 5

Djibouti

Lysmata nilita (Risso ms) Monod, 1931

Mediterranean

Nomen nudum

Lysmata nilita Dohrn and Holthuis, 1950:339, fig. 1, pl. 9

Western half of Bay of Naples

Lysmata olavoi Fransen, 1991:63, figs. 1–34

Pico, Ponto da Ilha, Azores; 38°25′00″, 27°59′10″; 135 meters

*79. Lysmata philippinensis, new species

Albay Gulf, southeastern Luzon, Philippines; 13°12′N, 123°49′18″E; 267 meters

Lysmata porteri (Rathbun, 1907)

Hippolysmata Porteri Rathbun, 1907:49, pl. 3: fig. 4

Valparaiso, Chile

Lysmata pusilla Heller, 1862b:287, pl. 3: fig. 26

Red Sea

= Lysmata trisetacea

Lysmata rathbunae Chace, 1970:59, figs. 1–4

Off Boynton Beach, Florida; 26°31′N, 80°01′W; 55–64 meters

Lysmata seticaudata (Risso, 1816)

Melicerta Seti Caudata Risso, 1816:110, pl. 2: fig. 1 Nice

Aglaope striata

Palemon cognetii

Lysmata aberran

Miersia clavigera

Lysmata seticaudata var. ternatensis; See L. ternatensis

Lysmata stenolepis Crosnier & Forest, 1973:177, figs. 55, 56a–e

Off Sao Tiago, Cape Verde Islands; 275–150 meters

*80. Lysmata ternatensis De Man, 1902

Lysmata seticaudata var. ternatensis De Man, 1902:846

Ternate, Indonesia

Palaemon dentatus De Haan

Hippolysmata acicula

Lysmata affinis

81. Lysmata trisetacea (Heller, 1861)

Hippolyte trisetacea Heller, 1861:29

Red Sea

Lysmata pusilla

Hippolysmata paucidens

Lysmata chiltoni

Lysmata uncicornis Holthuis and Maurin, 1952:198, figs. 1, 2

Casablanca, Morocco; 4–5 meters

82. Lysmata vittata (Stimpson, 1860)

Hippolysmata vittata Stimpson, 1860:26

Hong Kong; 11 meters, mud bottom

Nauticaris unirecedens

Hippolysmata vittata subtilis

Hippolysmata durbanensis

Lysmata vittata var. amboinensis; See Lysmata amboinensis

Lysmata wurdemanni (Gibbes, 1850)

Hippolyte wurdemanni Gibbes, 1850:197

Key West, Florida (restricted by Holthuis, 1959:112)

Lysmata zacae Armstrong, 1941:10, fig. 4

Matautu Bay, Savai'i, Samoa Islands; coral from 2 meters on eastern reef

Lysmatella Borradaile, 1915:206

Type species: Lysmatella prima

*83. Lysmatella prima Borradaile, 1915:209 Maldive Islands

Melicerta Risso, 1816:109 [not Melicerta Schrank, 1803] Type species: Melicerta Seti Caudata

= Lysmata

Melicerta Seti Caudata; See Lysmata seticaudata

Merguia Kemp, 1914:121 Type species: Hippolyte oligodon

84. Merguia oligodon (De Man, 1888)

Hippolyte oligodon De Man, 1888:277, pl. 18: figs. 1–6

Elphinstone Island, Mergui Archipelago, Burma

Merguia rhizophorae (Rathbun, 1900)

Hippolysmata rhizophorae Rathbun, 1900:153, pl. 8: fig. 9

Rio Paraiba do Norte, Estado da Paraiba, Brazil; on mangroves

Merhippolyte Bate, 1888:577, 618

Type species: Merhippolyte agulhasensis

Merhippolyte agulhasensis Bate, 1888:619, pl. 110: fig. 4

Agulhas Bank, South Africa; 35°04′S, 18°37′E; 274 meters

Merhippolyte americana Holthuis, 1961:1, fig. 1

Yucatan Channel; 20°59′30″N, 86°23′45″W; 238 meters

Merhippolyte ancistrota Crosnier and Forest, 1973:167,

Cape Verde Islands; 15°34.5′N, 23°11.5′W; 185 meters figs. 52, 53

Merhippolite australis Hodgson, 1902:233, pl. 29 (“Hippolyte australis”)

Auckland Island, New Zealand; 18 meters

= Nauticaris marionis

Merhippolyte calmani Kemp and Sewell, 1912:20, pl. 1: figs. 1–4

Off Kerala State, southwest India; 9°14′10″N, 75°45′E; 433 meters

Merhippolyte chacei Kensley, Tranter, and Griffin, 1987:309, figs. 18, 19

Northeast of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; 33°43–37′S, 151 °55′–152°55–152°02′E; 686 meters

Merhippolyte kauaiensis (Rathbun, 1906)

Spirontocaris kauaiensis Rathbun, 1906:913, pl. 24: fig. 5

Off Kauai Island, Hawaii; Ukula Point, S. 71°, E. 9.7′; 430–417 meters

Merhippolyte orientalis Bate, 1888:621

West of Kepulauan Aru, Indonesia; 5°41′00″S, 134°04′00″E; 1463 meters

Species inquirenda (possibly a pandalid; see Holthuis, 1947:23)

Merhippolyte orientalis De Man, 1902 [not Bate, 1888]

= Lysmata kuekenthali

Miersia Chun, 1888 [not Kingsley, 1880]

Type species: Miersia clavigera

= Lysmata

Miersia clavigera Chun, 1888:34, pl. 4: fig. 6

= Lysmata seticaudata

Mimocaris Nobili, 1903:5

Type species: Mimocaris heterocarpoides

Mimocaris hastatoides See Exhippolysmata hastatoides

85. Mimocaris heterocarpoides Nobili, 1903:6, fig. 2

Pulau Burong, Sarawak, Malaysia; 1°44′N, 110°48′E or 1°44′N, 109°52′E

Nauticaris Bate, 1888:577, 602

Nauticaris brucei Stebbing, 1914:292

Gough Island (Diego Alvarez), South Atlantic; 183 meters

Nauticaris chilensis; See Nauticaris Marionis var. chilensis

= Nauticaris magellanica

Nauticaris futilirostris; See Heptacarpus futilirostris

Nauticaris grandirostris Pearson, 1905:79, pl. 1: fig. 6

Galle, Sri Lanka

= Saron marmoratus

Nauticaris magellanica (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891)

Hippolyte magellanicus A. Milne-Edwards, 1891:46, pl. 5: fig. 2

Orange Bay and Isla Grevy, Cape Horn; 17–65 meters

Hippolyte consobrinus

Nauticaris Marionis var. chilensis

Nauticaris marionis Bate, 1888:603, pl. 108

Prince Edward Islands, southern Indian Ocean, and Falkland Islands, South Atlantic Ocean; 20–256 meters

Hippolyte Stewarti

Merhippolyte australis

Nauticaris Marionis var. chilensis Doflein and Balss, 1912:29, 30

Stanley, Falkland Islands, and Strait of Magellan

= Nauticaris magellanica

Nauticaris unirecedens Bate, 1888:608, pl. 110: fig. 1

Hong Kong

= Lysmata vittata

Nectoceras Rafinesque, 1817:41

Type species: Nectoceras pelagica (=Astacus coerulescens)

= Hippolyte

Niphea Rafinesque, 1815:98

Replacement name for Aglaope Rafinesque

= Lysmata;

Palaemon dentatus De Haan, 1844, pl. 45: fig. 13 (not Roemer, 1841)

Japan

= Lysmata ternatensis

Palaemon Ensiferus; See Ligur ensiferus

Palaemon fucorum; See Latreutes fucorum

Palaemon marmoratus; See Saron marmoratus

Palaemon Microramphos Risso, 1816:104

Nice, France

= Eualus occultus or Thoralus cranchii; See Holthuis, 1947:23

Palaemon pelasgicus Bosc, 1802:105

High seas on floating weeds

= Hippolyte coerulescens

Palaemon Vedianti Monod, 1931:133

Nomen nudum

= Ligur ensiferus

Palemon Cognetii Risso, 1816 Nice

= Lysmata seticaudata

Palemon Margaritaceus Risso, 1816:108

Nice, France

= Hippolyte inermis (See Holthuis, 1977:520)

Palemon Olivieri Risso, 1816:107

Nice

= Hippolyte inermis

Paralatreutes Kemp, 1925:334

Type species: Paralatreutes bicornis

Paralatreutes bicornis Kemp, 1925:334, figs. 23, 24

Ross Channel, Port Blair, Andaman Islands; 5–7 meters

*Paralebbeus Bruce and Chace, 1986:237

Type species: Paralebbeus zotheculatus

*86. Paralebbeus zotheculatus Bruce and Chace, 1986:238, figs. 1–6

Off Imperieuse Reef, west of Dampier Land, Western Australia; 17°30.1′S, 118°28.9′E, in hexactinellid sponge, probably Euplectella

*87. Paralebbeus zygius, new species

Selat Butung, Celebes, Indonesia; 5°35′00″E; 1023 meters

Paraspirontocaris Yokoya, 1930:535

Type species: Paraspirontocaris kishinouyei

= Birulia

Paraspirontocaris kishinouyei See Birulia kishinouyei

Parhippolyte Borradaile, 1900:414

Type species: Parhippolyte uveae

Somersiella

Koror

Parhippolyte misticia (Clark, 1989)

Koror misticius Clark, 1989:446, figs. 1–4

South Point Cave, Koror, Palau Islands, Caroline Islands; 7°18′32″N, 134°30′05″E

Parhippolyte sterreri (C.W. Hart and Manning, 1981)

Somersiella sterreri C.W. Hart and Manning, 1981:442, figs. 1–28

Tucker's Town Cave, Tucker's Town, Bermuda; anchialine

88. Parhippolyte uveae Borradaile, 1900:414, pl. 38: fig. 11a–g

Uvea, Loyalty Islands

Paschocaris Nobili, 1905c:395

Type species: Hippolyte paschalis

= Thor

Phycocaris Kemp, 1916:391

Type species: Phycocaris simulans

Phycocaris simulans Kemp, 1916:392, fig. 2, pl. 36: fig. 2

Ross Island, Port Blair, Andaman Islands; among weeds off jetty

Platybema Bate, 1888:576, 578

Replacement name for Cyclorhynchus De Haan, 1849

= Latreutes

Platybema pristis See Latreutes pristis

Platybema rugosus; See Trachycaris rugosa

Problemacaris Stebbing, 1921b:626

Type species: Problemacaris spinetum

= probably larval stage of Leontocaris

Problemacaris boschmai Gordon, 1964:337, figs. 3–6

East of Ireland; 48°03′N, 9°04′W; 500–0 meters

= probably Leontocaris lar

Problemacaris spinetum Stebbing, 1921b:626 40 miles west by north of Table Mountain, near Cape Town, South Africa; about 550 meters

= probably Leontocaris paulsoni

Rhynchocyclus Stimpson, 1860:27

Replacement name for Cyclorhynchus De Haan

= Latreutes

Rhynchocyclus compressus; See Latreutes compressus

Rhynchocyclus mucronatus; See Latreutes mucronatus

Rhynchocyclus parvulus; See Latreutes parvulus

Saron Thallwitz, 1891a:99

Type species: Hippolyte gibberosus (= Palaemon marmoratus)

89. Saron inermis Hayashi, in Debelius, 1983:117[part], illustrated

Indonesia

*90. Saron marmoratus (Olivier, 1811)

Palaemon marmoratus Olivier, 1811:665

Australia

?Alpheus marmoratus (nomen nudum)

Hippolyte gibberosus

Hippolyte Leachii

Hippolyte Hemprichii

Hyppolite Kraussii

Nauticaris grandirostris

91. Saron neglectus De Man, 1902:854 Ternate, Indonesia

92. Saron rectirostris Hayashi, in Debelius, 1984:116, illustrated

Indonesia

Somersiella C.W. Hart and Manning, 1981:442

Type species: Somersiella sterreri

= Parhippolyte

Somersiella sterreri; See Parhippolyte sterreri

Sowerbyus Hoek, 1887:ccviii—Nomen nudum

Type species: Sowerbyus spinus (= Cancer spinus)

= Spirontocaris

Spirontocarella Brashnikov, 1907:170

Type species: Hippolyte macilenta

= Eualus

Spirontocaris Bate, 1888:576, 595

Type species: Cancer Spinus

Sowerbyus

Spirontocaris alcimede De Man, 1906:404

Inland Sea of Japan

= Heptacarpus geniculatus

Spirontocaris antarcticus; See Lebbeus antarcticus

Spirontocaris arcuata Rathbun, 1902a:893

Washington Sound, Washington; 48°22′00″N, 122°51′00″W; 88 meters

Spirontocaris arcuatoides Kobjakova, 1962:244

Southern Kurile Islands, Sea of Japan; 4–80 meters

Spirontocaris avina; See Eualus avinus

Spirontocaris barbata; See Eualus barbatus

Spirontocaris bispinosus Holmes, 1900:207 [not Hippolyte bispinosa (De Haan, 1944); See Holthuis, 1947:38] Puget Sound

= Spirontocaris holmesi

Spirontocaris biunguis; See Eualus biunguis

Spirontocaris brachydactyla; See Heptacarpus brachydactylus

Spirontocaris brashnikovi Kobjakova, 1936:190, 192, 202, 214

Replacement name for Spirontocaris dalli Brashnikov, 1907 [not Rathbun, 1902a]

Sea of Okhotsk and northern Sea of Japan; 2–37 meters

Spirontocaris brevidigitata Kobjakova, 1935:88, fig. 3 Off eastern Siberia from Zaliv Petra Velikoga to Nel'ma; 75–1380 meters

= Spirontocaris spinus

Spirontocaris crassirostris Kubo, 1951:274, figs. 11, 12 Heda, Izu Hanto, Honshu, Japan; 300 meters

= Spirontocaris pectinifera

Spirontocaris ctenifera; See Eualus ctenifer

Spirontocaris dalli Rathbun, 1902a:894

Coal Harbor, Unga Island, Alaska; 15–17 meters

Spirontocaris decora; See Heptacarpus decorus

“Spirontocaris fabricii var. minuta” Urita, 1942:25, fig. 6

[not Spirontocaris minuta Yokoya, 1930]

“Otomari, Sachalin,” 4–6 meters

? = Eualus leptognathus

Japan

Spirontocaris flexa; See Heptacarpus flexus

Spirontocaris franciscana; See Heptacarpus franciscanus

Spirontocaris gibberosa Yokoya, 1933:25, fig. 8 [not Balss, 1914b]

“Siwoya-zaki,” Japan; 232 meters

= Lebbeus compressus

Spirontocaris grebnitzkii; See Heptacarpus grebnitzkii

Spirontocaris gurjanovae Kobjakova, 1955:238

Northern Kurile Islands; 100 meters

Spirontocaris herdmani; See Heptacarpus herdmani

Spirontocaris holmesi Holthuis, 1947:8

Replacement name for Spirontocaris bispinosa Holmes, 1900 (not Hippolyte bispinosa De Haan, 1844)

Spirontocaris intermedia; See Spirontocaris spina intermedia

Spirontocaris japonica Yokoya, 1930:533, fig. 3

Between Yuno-Shima and “Asamushi,” Mutsu Wan, northern Honshu, Japan; 9–11 meters, in seaweeds

= Eualus leptognathus

Spirontocaris jordani; See Heptacarpus jordani

Spirontocaris kauaiensis; See Merhippolyte kauaiensais

Spirontocaris kincaidi; See Heptacarpus kincaidi

Spirontocaris laevidens; See Spirontocaris spina laevidens

= Spirontocaris spinus

Spirontocaris lagunae; See Lebbeus lagunae

Spirontocaris lamellicornis (Dana, 1852)

Hippolyte lamellicornis Dana, 1852a:567

Dungeness, Strait of Juan de Fuca

Spirontocaris lilljeborgii (Danielssen, 1859)

Hippolyte Lilljeborgii Danielssen, 1859:5

Lofoten Islands; 73 meters

Hippolyte securifrons

Spirontocaris macrodonta J.F.L. Hart, 1930:102, pl. 1

Gonzales Point, False Narrows, and Departure Bay, southeastern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada; tide pool to depth of 18 meters

= Spirontocaris prionota

Spirontocaris macrophthalma; See Eualus macrophthalmus

Spirontocaris makarofi Urita, 1942:18

Replacement name for Hetairus zebra Makarov, 1935 [not Leim, 1921]

= Lebbeus fasciatus

Spirontocaris makarofi speciosa; See Lebbeus speciosus

Spirontocaris makarovi Kobjakova, 1936:221

= Spirontocaris ochotensis

Spirontocaris makarovi spatula Kobjakova, 1936:221

= Spirontocaris ochotensis

Spirontocaris makrognathus Stebbing, 1921a:19

Durban, South Africa

Species inquirenda (probably not Eualus)

Spirontocaris maxillipes; See Heptacarpus maxillipes

Spirontocaris microdentata Kobjakova, 1962

Kurile Islands; 18 meters

Spirontocaris minuta; See Heptacarpus minutus

Spirontocaris minuta Urita, 1942; See Spirontocaris fabricii var. minuta

Spirontocaris mororani Rathbun, 1902b:43, fig. 16

Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan

= Spirontocaris ochotensis

Spirontocaris moseri; See Heptacarpus moseri

Spirontocaris murdochi Rathbun, 1902a:893

Ostrov Sakhalin off Tyulenly Ostrov (Robben Island); 51 meters

Spirontocaris occulta; See Eualus occultus

Spirontocaris ochotensis (Brandt, 1851)

Hippolyte ochotensis Brandt, 1851:120

Spirontocaris mororani

Hetairus zebra

Spirontocaris makarovi

Spirontocaris Makarovi spatula

Spirontocaris onagawaensis

Spirontocaris onagawaensis Yokoya 1939:268, fig. 5

Takashiro, Onagawa, NE Honshu, Japan; 7.5 meters

= Spirontocaris ochotensis

Spirontocaris pax; See Eualus pax

Spirontocaris pectinifera Stimpson, 1860

Hippolyte pectinifera Stimpson, 1860:35

Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan

Spirontocaris crassirostris

Spirontocaris phippsii (Kroyer, 1841)

Hippolyte Phippsii Kroyer, 1841:575

Spitsbergen, west coast of Norway (and Greenland?)

Hippolyte turgida

Hippolyte vibrans

Spirontocaris prionota (Stimpson, 1864)

Hippolyte prionota Stimpson, 1864:153

Puget Sound; 4–22 meters

Spirontocaris macrodonta

Spirontocaris profunda; See Lebbeus profundus

Spirontocaris propugnatrix De Man, 1906:404

Inland Sea of Japan; 11 meters

= Heptacarpus pandaloides

Spirontocaris recurvirostris Molander, 1913:1, fig. 1

Vaigattet, Greenland; 315 meters

= Eualus gaimardii

Spirontocaris saldanhae; See Lebbeus saldanhae

Spirontocaris sica Rathbun, 1902a:894

Santa Barbara Channel, California; 34°15′00″N, 120°14′30″W; 485 meters

Spirontocaris sinensis; See Eualus sinensis

Spirontocaris snyderi Rathbun, 1902a:8

Monterey Bay, California

Spirontocaris spathulirostris; See Eualus spathulirostris

Spirontocaris spatula; See Spirontocaris makarovi spatula

= Spirontocaris ochotensis

Spirontocaris speciosa; See Spirontocaris makarofi speciosa

Spirontocaris spina intermedia Kobjakova, 1936:221

Sea of Okhotsk

= Spirontocaris spinus

Spirontocaris spina laevidens Kobjakova, 1936:221

Western Sea of Japan

= Spirontocaris spinus

Spirontocaris spinus (Sowerby, 1805)

Cancer Spinus Sowerby, 1805:47

“among oysters on the Scottish coast'

Hippolyte Sowerbaei

Spirontocaris brevidigitata

Spirontocaris spina intermedia

Spirontocaris spina laevidens

Spirontocaris stoneyi Rathbun, 1902a:899

Bering Sea WNW of Scammon Bay, Alaska; 62°15′N, 167°48′W

= Eualus macilentus

Spirontocaris townsendi; See Eualus townsendi

Spirontocaris tridens; See Heptacarpus tridens

Spirontocaris truncata Rathbun, 1902a:894

Heceta Bank, Oregon; 43°59′00″N, 124°56′30″W; 91 meters

Spirontocaris unalaskensis; See Lebbeus unalaskensis

Spirontocaris urupensis Kobjakova, 1962

Southern Kurile Islands; 5–7 meters

Spirontocaris vicina; See Lebbeus vicinus

Spirontocaris washingtoniana; See Lebbeus washingtonianus

Spirontocaris zebra Leim, 1921:133, pls. 2, 3 New Brunswick and Nova Scotia; 0–30 meters

= Lebbeus microceros

Thor Kingsley, 1878b:94

Type species: Thor floridanus

Paschocaris

Thor algicola Wicksten, 1987:27, figs. 1–3

“Bahia Bocochibampo,” Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico; 27°57′N, 111°02′W; 5 meters, in Sargassum

93. Thor amboinensis (De Man, 1888)

Hippolyte amboinensis De Man, 1888:535

Ambon, Indonesia

Thor discosomatis

Thor discosomatis Kemp, 1916:388, fig. 1, pl. 36: fig. 1

Port Blair, Andaman Islands

= Thor amboinensis

Thor dobkini Chace, 1972:133, fig. 57

Punta Rassa, Florida; 2 meters

Thor floridanus Kingsley, 1878b:95

Key West, Florida

94. Thor intermedius Holthuis, 1947:14, 51, figs. 4–6

“Sissie” near Misool, Indonesia; shore and reef

Thor maldivensis Borradaile, 1915:208

Minicoy, Maldive Islands, and Salomon, Chagos Archipelago

See generic “Remarks” under Thor

Thor manningi Chace, 1972:137, figs. 59–61

English Harbour, Antigua, West Indies; from bottom of yacht anchored for several months

Thor marguitae Bruce, 1978:159, figs. 1–6

Heron Island, Capricorn Islands, Queensland, Australia; associated with single colony of Porites andrewsi on reef flat

95. Thor paschalis (Heller, 1862)

Hippolyte paschalis Heller, 1862b:276, pl. 3: fig. 24

Red Sea

Thor Sollaudi; See Thoralus sollaudi

Thor spinipes Bruce, 1983b:1, figs. 1–6

Burford Island, Cobourg Peninsula, Northern Territory, Australia

96. Thor spinosus Boone, 1935:192, pl. 52

Bali, Indonesia

Thoralus Holthuis, 1947:5, 14, 45

Type species; Hippolyte Cranchii

Thoralus cranchii (Leach, 1817)

Hippolyte Cranchii Leach, 1817, pl. 38: figs. 17–21 “…southern point of Saltstone, in the Kingsbridge Estuary,” Devon, England

Hippolyte mutila

Hippolyte Bunseni

Thoralus sollaudi (Zariquiey Cenarro, 1936)

Thor Sollaudi Zariquiey Cenarro, 1936:10, figs. 17–21

Cadaques and Arenys de Mar, Spain; 1–40 meters

Thorella Bruce, 1982:451

Type species; Thorella cobourgi

Thorella cobourgi Bruce, 1982:452, figs. 1–5

Black Point, Port Essington, Cobourg Peninsula, Northern Territory, Australia, Station CP/10, 11°09.0′S, 132°08.2′E, 1–2 meters, in Sargassum [coordinates corrected by Bruce, in correspondence].

Tozeuma Stimpson, 1860:26

Type species: Tozeuma lanceolatum

Angasia

97. Tozeuma armatum Paulson, 1875:99, pl. 15: figs. 2–20

Red Sea

Angasia Stimpsonii

Tozeuma carolinense Kingsley, 1878b:90

Fort Macon [Beaufort Inlet], North Carolina

Tozeuma cornutum A. Milne-Edwards, 1881:16

Near Barbados; 73 meters

Tozeuma elongatum (Baker, 1904)

Angasia elongata Baker, 1904:147, pl. 27: figs. 1–4

South Australia; about 27 meters

Tozeuma erythraeum Nobili, 1904:231

Red Sea

Tozeuma kimberi (Baker, 1904)

Angasia kimberi Baker, 1904:149, pl. 27: fig. 5

Port Willunga, South Australia; 7 meters

*98. Tozeuma lanceolatum Stimpson, 1860:26

Hong Kong; II meters, muddy bottom

Tozeuma novaezealandiae Borradaile, 1916

Tozeuma novae-zealandiae Borradaile, 1916:86, fig. 3

New Zealand

Tozeuma pavoninum (Bate, 1863)

Angasia pavonina Bate, 1863:498, pl. 40: fig. 1

Gulf of Saint Vincent; 18–22 meters

Angasia robusta

Tozeuma serratum A. Milne-Edwards, 1881:16

Off Barbados; 102 meters

Tozeuma tomentosum (Baker, 1904)

Angasia tomentosa Baker, 1904:152, pl. 29

South Australian coast; 37 meters

Trachycaris Calman, 1906:31, 33

Type species: Platybema rugosus

Trachycaris restricta (A. Milne-Edwards, 1878)

Hippolyte restrictus A. Milne-Edwards, 1878:231

Cape Verde Islands

Trachycaris rugosa (Bate, 1888)

Platybema rugosus Bate, 1888:579, pl. 104: fig. 2

Off St. Thomas, Virgin Islands; 713 meters

Vianellia Nardo, 1847:8

Type species: Vianellia dorsioculata

Vianellia dorsioculata Nardo, 1847; sp. 51, fig. 66

Adriatic Sea

Species inquirenda

Virbius Stimpson, 1860:35

Type species: Hippolyte acuminatus

= Hippolyte

Virbius acutus Stimpson, 1860:35

Ryukyu Islands; on weed-covered littoral rocks

= Hippolyte acuta

Virbius articulirostris; See Virbius gracilis var.

articulirostris

= Hippolyte longirostris

Virbius australiensis Stimpson, 1860:35

Port Jackson, Sydney Harbour, Australia; among algae in 4 meters

= Hippolyte ventricosa

Virbius bifidirostris; See Hippolyte bifidirostris

Virbius brasiliensis; See Virbius gracilis var. brasiliensis

= Hippolyte obliquimanus

Virbius brevirostris; See Virbius gracilis var. brevirostris

Virbius Brullei var. elongata Czerniavsky, 1884:18, pl.2: fig. 3A–N

Black Sea

= Hippolyte inermis

Virbius Brullei forma fortior Czerniavsky, 1884:19, pl. 2: fig. 3A–N

Black Sea

= Hippolyte inermis

Virbius capensis; See Hippolyte capensis

Virbius gracilis Heller, 1862a:399, pl. 1: figs. 19, 20 [not Hippolyte gracilis Lilljeborg, 1850]

= Hippolyte longirostris

Virbius gracilis var. articulirostris Czerniavsky, 1884:15

Black Sea

= Hippolyte longirostris

Virbius gracilis var. brasiliensis Czerniavsky, 1884:14

= Hippolyte obliquimanus

Virbius gracilis var. brevirostris Czerniavsky, 1868:68, pl. 5: figs. 2–7

= Hippolyte longirostris

Virbius gracilis var. longirostris; See Hippolyte longirostris

Virbius gracilis forma typica Czerniavsky, 1884

= Hippolyte longirostris

[Virbius jactans Nobili, 1904

= Chlorocurtis jactans]

Virbius Kraussianus; See Hippolyte kraussiana

Virbius leptocerus; See Hippolyte leptocerus

Virbius longirostris; See Hippolyte longirostris

Virbius Mossambicus Hilgendorf, 1879:836, pl. 4: fig. 1

Zambeze

= Hippolyte ventricosa

Virbius pleuracanthus; See Hippolyte pleuracantha

Virbius proteus; See Hippolyte proteus

Virbius rectifrons Czerniavsky, 1884:21, pl. 1: fig. 2

Black Sea

?= Hippolyte longirostris

Virbius tenuirostris Czerniavsky, 1884:20, pl. 2: fig. 4A, G

Black Sea

?= Hippolyte longirostris

[Virbius variegatus (Risso, 1826) Carus, 1885

= Alpheus dentipes]

Key to Genera of Hippolytidae

Exhippolysmata Stebbing, 1915

Exhippolysmata Stebbing, 1915:94 [type species, selected by Holthuis, 1955:115, 116: Hippolysmata ensirostris Kemp, 1914:118; gender: feminine].

DIAGNOSIS.—Integument not rigid. Rostrum overreaching antennular peduncle, armed dorsally and ventrally, without ventral blade or tongue-like lobe extending ventrally from lateral carina. Carapace with dentate crest in midline at base of rostrum, with marginal, unarticulated antennal and pterygostomian teeth but without supraorbital tooth, depressed frontal or orbital regions, or branchiostegal tooth or denticles. Abdomen with 1st pleuron entire, not bifurcate; 5th pleuron posteroventrally acute, not denticulate; 6th somite without prominent spines, without articulated plate at posteroventral angle and pleuron not curving around base of uropod. Telson tapering to sharp posterior end, bearing 2 pairs of dorsolateral spines. Eye with eyestalk movable, not concealed by carapace, cornea not noticeably narrower than stalk, without ocellus. Antennule with stylocerite not in vertical plane, not bifid; 2nd segment without sharp, curved lateral tooth; 3rd segment without dorsodistal tooth or movable plate, dorsal flagellum slender, not short or brush-like. Antennal peduncle not overreaching antennular peduncle, without 3 strong ventral spines; antennal scale overreaching antennular peduncle, lateral tooth not near midlength, lateral margin not spinose. Mandible without palp or incisor process. First maxilliped with caridean lobe clearly discrete from exopodal lash, epipod bilobate. Second maxilliped with terminal segment narrow and applied somewhat laterally to preceding segment, exopod not unusually wide, with nonbilobate epipod and podobranch. Third maxilliped with distal segment not flattened, with exopod, epipod, arthrobranch, and reduced coxal exite. Pereopods without exopods, with terminally hooked epipods on 4 anterior pairs, without arthrobranchs. First pereopod with fingers shorter than palm, not terminating in distal spines, chela 1 times as long as carpus, latter not excavated to receive propodus, ischium not produced into unusually long saber-shaped process. Second pereopods symmetrical, fingers no longer than palm, carpus subdivided into 12–22 articles. Third pereopod with dactyl tapering gradually to acute apex, flexor margin armed with about 4 spines, dactyl and propodus not prehensile in functional males, propodus not subdivided, carpus not conspicuously spinose. Uropod with lateral branch bearing distolateral movable spine flanked laterally and mesially by sharp tooth.

RANGE.—South Africa, India to Indonesia, western Atlantic from North Carolina to São Paulo, Brazil, and western Africa from Cameroon to northern Angola; 1–48 meters, occasionally in fresh water.

REMARKS.—The four species and a subspecies recognized herein are covered in the following key. Except for the western Atlantic E. oplophoroides, which is easily recognized by the prominent dorsal tooth on the third abdominal somite, the species of Exhippolysmata differ from each other in few, rather minor characters.

Key to Species and Subspecies of Exhippolysmata

67. Exhippolysmata ensirostris ensirostris (Kemp, 1914)

Hippolysmata ensirostris Kemp, 1914:113, 118, pl. 7: figs. 1–4 [type locality: Colombo, Sri Lanka].

Hippolysmata (Exhippolysmata) ensirostris.—Holthuis, 1947:74.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostral crest composed of 7–12 teeth, followed by 2–6 teeth on remaining dorsal margin of rostrum; ventral margin armed with 7–16 teeth. Carapace not noticeably uneven or coarsely pitted. Abdomen without any dorsal teeth. Telson without trace of lateral teeth near tip. Maximum postorbital carapace length at least 15 mm.

RANGE.—India, Sri Lanka, Burma, and Sumatra and Java, Indonesia; shallow water.

68. Exhippolysmata ensirostris punctata (Kemp, 1914)

Hippolysmata ensirostris var. punctata Kemp, 1914:113, 120, pl. 7: figs. 5–7 [type locality: “Sandheads,” Ganges delta, India; “Green Island,” Amherst, Burma; or Thongwa, Burma].

Hippolysmata (Exhippolysmata) ensirostris var. punctata.—Holthuis, 1947:75.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostral crest composed of 6–8 teeth, followed by about 12 teeth on remaining dorsal margin of rostrum; ventral margin armed with 17–23 teeth. Carapace with longitudinal furrows on anterior part of branchiostegite and dorsal to branchiostegite causing dorsal flattening of posterior of carapace, and coarse pitting on branchiostegite. Abdomen without any dorsal teeth. Telson without traces of lateral teeth near tip. Maximum postorbital carapace length at least 16 mm.

RANGE.—India, Burma, and Sumatra, Indonesia; littoral.

*Gelastocaris Kemp, 1914

Gelastocaris Kemp, 1914:106 [type species, by monotypy: Latreutes Paronae Nobili, 1905b:2; gender: feminine].

DIAGNOSIS.—Integument not rigid. Rostrum overreaching antennular peduncle, armed dorsally with single, movable, subdistal spine, unarmed ventrally, with strong ventral blade projecting posteroventrally between bases of antennules, without tongue-like lobe extending ventrally from lateral carina. Carapace with blunt median, unarmed, sinuous crest, especially prominent on frontal and cardiac regions; surface without appressed teeth; without supraorbital tooth, depressed frontal or orbital regions, subocular tooth posterodorsal to orbital angle, hepatic tooth or pterygostomian tooth; antennal tooth immediately below acute orbital angle small, sharp, marginal, outstanding, not basally articulated; branchiostegal tooth unusually large, supported by strong buttress extending at least halfway to posterior margin of carapace, branchiostegal margin not denticulate. Abdomen smoothly rounded dorsally except for suggestion of median low ridge on 3rd somite, pleura undivided with variably dentate margins, each with posteroventral tooth becoming more prominent on posterior somites, 6th somite armed only with paired posterolateral teeth, without articulated plate or pleuron curving around base of uropod. Telson not tapering regularly to sharp posterior end, with 2 pairs of small dorsolateral spines and 2 larger posterior spines on either side of strong median projection, posterolateral angle not produced. Eye with eyestalk movable, partially concealed by carapace, cornea nearly as wide as eyestalk, without ocellus. Antennule with stylocerite not in vertical plane, not bifid but somewhat semicircular; 2nd segment without sharp, curved lateral tooth; 3rd segment without dorsodistal tooth or movable plate; dorsal flagellum stouter but not noticeably shorter than ventral one.

Antennal peduncle overreaching antennular peduncle but without 3 strong ventral spines; antennal scale overreaching antennular peduncle, distolateral tooth distinctly overreaching blade, lateral margin bearing series of small, movable spines. Mandible without palp or incisor process. Second maxilliped with terminal segment nearly semicircular and applied nearly transversely to preceding segment, exopod somewhat broadened in basal . Third maxilliped with distal segment rather broad and somewhat flattened, without exopod but with epipod. Pereopods without exopods or arthrobranchs but with simple epipods without terminal hooks on 4 anterior pairs. First pereopod with fingers less than as long as palm, movable finger ending in 2, fixed finger in 3, strong interlocking spines, chela 1 times as long as carapace, latter not excavated to receive propodus, ischium not produced into saber-shaped process. Second pereopods symmetrical, fingers shorter than palm, carpus subdivided into 3 articles. Third pereopod with dactyl armed with 4 strong spines, largest near proximal end of flexor surface in line with terminal spines, flanked by paired lateral spines, dactyl and propodus not prehensile in functional males, propodus not subdivided, carpus not spinose. Uropod armed with strong, fixed distolateral tooth with movable spine mesial to it.

RANGE.—Mozambique, Zanzibar, Persian Gulf (USNM), Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands, Western Australia, and Timor and Moluccas, Indonesia, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, Palau Islands (USNM), New Caledonia; possibly associated with sponges.

REMARKS.—Only one species is recognized.

*69. Gelastocaris paronae (Nobili, 1905)

Latreutes Paronae Nobili, 1905b:2, 1 fig. [type locality: Zanzibar].

Gelastocaris paronae.—Kemp, 1914:107, pl. 5.—Monod, 1969:212, figs. 55–68.

DIAGNOSIS.—See generic “Diagnosis” above.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Near Siasi, Sulu Archipelago: sta 5146, 5°46′40″N, 120°48′50″E, 44 m, coral sand, shells, 16 Feb 1908 (1011–1031), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 1 ovig. female [6.1]; sta 5147, 5°41′40″N, 120°47′10″E, 38 m, coral sand, shells, 16 Feb 1908 (1127–1147), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 2 ovig. females [4.1, 4.3].—Off Jolo Island, Sulu Archipelago: sta 5139, 6°06′N, 121°30″E, 37 m, coral sand, 14 Feb 1908 (1313–1317), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 1 male [3.8]; sta 5145, 6°04′30″N, 120°59′30″E, 42 m, coral sand, shells, 15 Feb 1908 (1344–1359), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 3 females [4.0–5.3], 2 ovig. [4.0, 5.3].

RANGE.—See generic “Range,” above. It may be significant that all of the Albatross specimens were found on bottoms of coral sand, usually with shells; in depths of 37 to 44 meters.

*Hippolyte Leach, 1814

Hippolyte Leach, 1814:431 [type species, by monotypy: Hippolyte Varians Leach, 1814:431; gender: feminine].

DIAGNOSIS.—Integument not rigid. Rostrum with ventral blade not conspicuously developed, not projecting posteroventrally between bases of antennules, without tongue-like lobe extending ventrally from lateral carina. Carapace without dentate crest in midline at base of rostrum, without longitudinal lateral carinae, without appressed teeth on lateral surface, with supraorbital tooth but without abrupt depressions on frontal or orbital regions on either side of supraorbital tooth, without subocular tooth posterodorsal to orbital angle, usually with marginal and not basally articulated antennal tooth, usually with hepatic and branchiostegal teeth but branchiostegal margin not denticulate, usually without pterygostomian tooth. Abdominal somites usually not dorsally carinate or posteriorly dentate, 1st pleuron not ventrally bifurcate, 5th pleuron rounded, not denticulate, 6th somite not armed with 7 strong spines, without articulated plate or pleuron curving around base of uropod. Telson not tapering to sharp point, armed with 2 pairs of dorsolateral spines, posterior margin often rounded, posterolateral angle not sharply produced. Eyestalk movable, not concealed by carapace, cornea without ocellus. Antennule with stylocerite not lying in vertical plane, not bifid or semicircular; 2nd peduncular segment without sharp, curved lateral tooth; 3rd segment without sharp dorsodistal tooth or movable dorsodistal plate; dorsal flagellum not unusually short, stout, or brush-like. Antennal peduncle not overreaching antennular peduncle, not armed with 3 strong ventral spines; antennal scale overreaching antennular peduncle, without lateral tooth near midlength or small movable lateral spines. Mandible without palp but with incisor process. First maxilliped with caridean lobe usually quite distinct from exopodal lash, epipod not distinctly bilobate. Second maxilliped with terminal segment subquadrate or semicircular and applied obliquely or nearly transversely to preceding segment, exopod not exceptionally wide, with simple epipod but usually without podobranch. Third maxilliped with distal segment flattened, with exopod but without epipod or arthrobranch, without distinct coxal exite. Pereopods without exopods, epipods, or arthrobranchs. First pereopod with fingers shorter than palm, not terminating in interlocking spines, chela 1–2 times as long as carpus, carpus not very deeply excavate for reception of chela. Second pereopods symmetrical, fingers not longer than palm, carpus subdivided into 3 articles. Third pereopod with dactyl not gradually tapering to acute apex, dactyl and propodus prehensile in functional males, propodus not subdivided, carpus not conspicuously spinose. Uropod with lateral branch armed only with strong, fixed distolateral tooth with movable spine mesial to it.

RANGE.—Temperate and tropical shores worldwide; littoral to at least 240 meters.

REMARKS.—Thus far, only one of the 28 recognized species of Hippolyte has been recorded from the Philippine-Indonesian region.

*70. Hippolyte ventricosa H. Milne Edwards, 1837

Hippolyte ventricosus H. Milne Edwards, 1837:371 [type locality: seas of Asia].

Hippolyte ventricosa.—Holthuis, 1947:55, figs. 7–1.—Hayashi, 1982:192, fig. 6.

DIAGNOSIS.—Variable. Rostrum overreaching antennular peduncle, armed with 1 or 2 dorsal teeth in proximal of length, and usually 2–6 ventral teeth. Suborbital angle knob-like. Abdomen with 6th somite less than twice as long as maximum depth. Antennal scale 3–3 times as long as wide. Third pereopod with dactyl bearing 13–16 spines on flexor margin. Maximum postorbital carapace length about 4 mm.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Mindoro Strait, west of Mindoro: 12°47′15″N, 120°41′E, on driftwood at surface over depth of 1362 m, 12 Dec 1908 (1150–1210), 4 females [2.8–4.3], 2 ovig. [4.1, 4.3].

RANGE.—Red Sea to South Africa to Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, and Australia, eastward to Hawaii; littoral and slightly sublittoral.

*Latreutes Stimpson, 1860

Cyclorhynchus De Haan, 1849:173–175 [type species, by monotypy: Hippolyte planirostris De Haan, 1844, pl. 45: fig. 7; gender: neuter; invalid junior homonym of Cyclorhynchus Kaup, 1829 (Aves), Cyclorhynchus Sundevall, 1836 (Aves), and Cyclorhynchus Macquart, 1841 (Diptera)].

Latreutes Stimpson, 1860:27 [type species, selected by Kingsley, 1880: Hippolyte ensiferus H. Milne Edwards, 1837:374; gender: masculine].

DIAGNOSIS.—Integument not rigid. Rostrum overreaching antennular peduncle, with ventral blade conspicuously developed and projecting posteroventrally between bases of antennules, without tongue-like lobe extendiing ventrally from lateral carina. Carapace without dentate crest in midline at base of rostrum, without longitudinal lateral carinae, without numerous appressed teeth on lateral surface, without supraorbital tooth or abrupt depressions on frontal or orbital regions, without hepatic tooth, usually with branchiostegal tooth and denticles on branchiostegal margin but without pterygostomian tooth. Abdomen with somites not dorsally carinate or posteriorly dentate, 1st pleuron not ventrally bifurcate, 5th pleuron rounded, not denticulate, 6th somite not armed with 7 strong spines, without articulated plate or pleuron curving around base of uropod. Telson not tapering to sharp point, armed with 1–3 pairs of dorsolateral spines, posterior margin not rounded, posterolateral angles not sharply produced. Eyestalk movable, not concealed by carapace, cornea without ocellus. Antennule with stylocerite not lying in vertical plane, not bifid; 2nd peduncular segment without sharp, curved lateral tooth; 3rd segment without sharp dorsodistal tooth or movable plate, dorsal flagellum often short, stout, and brush-like. Antennal peduncle usually not overreaching antennular peduncle, not armed with 3 strong ventral spines; antennal scale overreaching antennular peduncle, without lateral tooth near midlength or small movable lateral spines. Mandible without palp or incisor process. First maxilliped not discrete from exopodal lash, epipod usually bilobate. Second maxilliped with terminal segment semicircular or subtriangular and applied obliquely to preceding segment, exopod rather broad in proximal with nonbilobate epipod but without podobranch. Third maxilliped with exopod and epipod but without arthrobranch and coxal exite. Pereopods with epipods with terminal hooks on at least anterior 3 pairs, without exopods or arthrobranchs. First pereopod with fingers shorter than palm, movable finger terminating in 4, fixed finger in 3, strong and interlocking spines, chela 1–2 times as long as carpus, ischium not produced distally into saber-shaped process. Second pereopods symmetrical, fingers shorter than palm, carpus subdivided into 3 articles. Third pereopod with dactyl and propodus not prehensile in functional males, propodus not subdivided, carpus not conspicuously spinose.

RANGE.—Red Sea and South Africa to Kurile Islands and Philippines, Indonesia, Australia, Chile, and western and eastern Atlantic; littoral to 110 meters and on the high seas in floating weeds.

REMARKS.—The difficulties encountered in identifying specimens of Latreutes, especially those occurring in the Philippine-Indonesian region, have diminished but little since attention was called to them by Holthuis (1947:59). To be sure, Hayashi and Miyake (1968b:149) effectively demonstrated that Latreutes dorsalis refers to males of the species illustrated by De Haan (1844, pl. 44: fig. 7) under the name Hippolyte planirostris, and it is highly probable that Latreutes planus is based on an aberrant specimen of L. unidentatus, which was collected at the same Challenger station, but it is still uncertain how the latter species differs from L. foliirostris, L. natalensis, and finally L. mucronatus. The following key is offered as a possible aid to the eventual solution of some of these problems.

It would be of interest, also, to determine whether the peculiar strong spine (frequently referred to as an “antennal spine”) that is articulated onto the suborbital lobe of a majority of the species of the genus is characteristic of all of the species and whether that spine is homologous or merely analogous with a somewhat similarly positioned spine in the anchialine genera Barbouria, Janicea, and Parhippolyte.

Key to Females of Species of *Latreutes

*71. Latreutes anoplonyx Kemp, 1914

Latreutes anoplonyx Kemp, 1914:104, pl. 4: figs. 3–5 [type locality: Bombay, India].—Hayashi and Miyake, 1968a:14, figs. 2, 4b.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum terminally acute, about as long as postorbital carapace, rostral formula 1 + 9––15, none of teeth basally articulated. Carapace with shallow, faintly sinuous recession in dorsal margin, without cardiac elevation, with suborbital lobe directed anteroventrally and armed with strong spine directed only slightly ventrad of anteriad, branchiostegal lobe bearing 8–13 marginal denticles. Sixth abdominal somite more than 1 times as long as 5th somite. Telson bearing 2 pairs of dorsolateral spines. Antennular stylocerite with somewhat semicircular outline. Antennal scale about 4 times as long as wide, blade tapering to base of distal tooth with barest suggestion of terminal lobe. Third maxilliped with terminal segment dorsally flattened but not particularly wide. Epipods on 4 anterior pairs of pereopods. First pereopod with chela nearly twice as long as carpus, carpus slightly excavate for reception of propodus. Second pereopod with 2nd carpal article more than twice as long as each of subequal 1st and 3rd articles. Third pereopod with dactyl distally simple, not biunguiculate, bearing 2 or 3 small spines on flexor margin. Uropod with lateral branch bearing small, socketed distolateral spine flanked laterally by nearly completely obsolescent blunt lobe. Maximum postorbital carapace length perhaps about 7 mm.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Cavite, Luzon [14°29′N, 120°55′E], with medusa, 11 Jan 1909: 6 males [2.7–4.7] 4 females [3.5–5.5], 1 ovig. [5.2].

MALAYSIA. Tawau, Sabah [4°15′N, 117°54′E], from jellyfish, 5 Nov 1909: 2 males [3.8, 4.2] 6 females [4.4–6.0], 1 ovig. [5.5].

RANGE.—India, Burma, China, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia; often associated with medusae.

*72. Latreutes mucronatus (Stimpson, 1860)

Rhynchocyclus mucronatus Stimpson, 1860:27 [type locality: Lei Yue Mun Pass, Hong Kong: 46 meters].

Latreutes mucronatus.—Hayashi and Miyake, 1968a:16, figs. 3, 4c.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum anteriorly rounded, often with acute distal tooth, more than as long as postorbital carapace, rostral formula 1 + 7––15, none of teeth clearly basally articulated. Carapace with distinct concave sinus in dorsal margin, without cardiac elevation, with short suborbital lobe directed anteroventrally and armed with strong spine directed anteriad, branchiostegal lobe bearing 8–14 marginal denticles. Sixth abdominal somite more than 1 times as long as 5th somite. Telson bearing 2 pairs of dorsolateral spines. Antennular stylocerite somewhat semicircular. Antennal scale about 3 times as long as wide, blade tapering toward distal tooth, with narrowly convex distal end. Third maxilliped with terminal segment somewhat flattened dorsally but not very wide. Epipods on 4 anterior pairs of pereopods. First pereopod with chela about 1 times as long as carpus, carpus slightly excavate for reception of propodus. Second pereopod with 2nd carpal article about twice as long as subequal 1st or 3rd articles. Third pereopod with dactyl distally biunguiculate with 3 or 4 smaller spines on flexor margin proximal thereto. Uropod with lateral branch bearing small, socketed distolateral spine flanked laterally by nearly completely obsolescent blunt lobe. Maximum postorbital carapace length perhaps about 5 mm.

MATERIAL.—MALAYSIA. Tawau, Sabah [4°15′N, 117°54′E], from jellyfish, 5 Nov 1909: 2 ovig. females [3.9, 4.6].

RANGE.—Red Sea and South Africa to China, Korea, Japan, Sabah, Indonesia, and northern Australia; often associated with medusae.

73. Latreutes planus Bate, 1888

Latreutes planus Bate, 1888:584, pl. 89: fig. 5 [type locality: off Sibago Island, Moro Gulf, east of Basilan Strait, Philippines].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum terminally acute, about as long as postorbital carapace, rostral formula 0 + , none of teeth basally articulated. Carapace with shallow recession in dorsal margin, without cardiac elevation or gastric tooth. Sixth abdominal somite about 1 times as long as 5th somite. Postorbital carapace length less than 2 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the Philippine type locality.

REMARKS.—As suggested in the generic “Remarks,” it seems probable that L. planus is an aberrant specimen of the following species that was collected at the same station.

74. Latreutes unidentatus Bate, 1888

Latreutes unidentatus Bate, 1888:586, pl. 89: fig. 6 [type locality: off Sibago Island, Moro Gulf, east of Basilan Strait, Philippines].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum terminally acute, more than 1 times as long as carapace, rostral formula 1 + , none of teeth basally articulated. Carapace with distinct sinus in dorsal margin, without cardiac elevation but with strong, fixed gastric tooth. Sixth abdominal somite about 1 times as long as 5th somite. Postorbital carapace length less than 2 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the Philippine type locality.

Lebbeus White, 1847

Lebbeus White, 1847:76, 135 [type species, by monotypy: Lebbeus orthorhynchus (Leach manuscript) White, 1847:76 (= Alpheus Polaris Sabine, 1824:ccxxxviii); gender: masculine].

DIAGNOSIS.—Integument not very rigid. Rostrum with ventral blade not unusually strong, not projecting posteroventrally between bases of antennules, without tongue-like lobe extending ventrally from lateral carina. Carapace usually without dentate crest in midline at base of rostrum, without longitudinal lateral carina, without numerous appressed teeth on lateral surface, with supraorbital tooth, without abrupt depression on frontal or orbital regions, without subocular tooth posterodorsal to orbital angle, orbital angle not large or obtuse, with marginal antennal tooth, without hepatic tooth, usually without branchiostegal tooth or denticles on branchiostegal margin, often with pterygostomian tooth. Abdomen with somites not dorsally carinate or posteromesially dentate, 5th pleuron often pointed, margin not denticulate, 6th somite not armed with 7 strong spines, without articulated plate or pleuron curving around base of uropod.

Telson not tapering to sharp point, armed with 2–9 pairs of dorsolateral spines, posterior margin not rounded, posterolateral angles not sharply produced. Eyestalk movable, not concealed by carapace, cornea without ocellus. Antennule with stylocerite not lying in vertical plane, not bifid; 2nd antennular segment often with sharp, curved lateral tooth; 3rd segment with sharp dorsodistal tooth, without movable plate; dorsal flagellum often short, not brush-like, not biramous. Antennal peduncle not armed with 3 strong ventral spines; antennal scale overreaching antennular peduncle, without lateral tooth near midlength or small movable lateral spines. Mandible with 2-segmented palp and incisor process. First maxilliped with bilobate epipod. Second maxilliped with terminal segment elongate and applied somewhat laterally to preceeding segment, exopod not unusually broad, usually with epipod and podobranch. Third maxilliped with epipod but without exopod, arthrobranch, or coxal exite. Pereopods with epipods provided with terminal hooks on anterior 1st, 2nd, or 3rd pairs, without exopods or arthrobranchs. First pereopod with fingers shorter than palm, movable finger not terminating in 4, fixed finger in 3 strong, interlocking spines, chela more or less than twice as long as carpus, ischium not produced distally into saber-shaped process. Second pereopods symmetrical, fingers shorter than palm, carpus composed of 7 articles. Third pereopod with dactyl and propodus not prehensile in functional males, propodus not subdivided, carpus not usually very spinose.

RANGE.—Of the 32 species of Lebbeus herein recognized, more than 21 are confined to a circumarctic faunal region with southward extensions in the western Indo-Pacific area starting in the Chuckchi Sea and proceeding through the Bering Sea and Ostrov Okhotsk to the Sea of Japan; in the eastern Pacific, proceeding from the Bering Sea along the coasts of Alaska, British Columbia, and Washington, Oregon, and California to Baja California; in the western North Atlantic from the Northwest Territories and Baffin Bay, through Davis Strait, Labrador Sea, and Gulf of St. Lawrence and Gulf of Maine to the latitude of Chesapeake Bay; and in the eastern North Atlantic only to Shetland, although there are early records from the Hebrides. The only other region where more than one species is known is Peru and northern Chile, from where five species have been described, all since 1975. Single species are known from the Bali Sea (the westernmost Indo-Pacific record); off Sydney, New South Wales; Hawaii; the Albatross Plateau southwest of Acapulco, Mexico; Saldanha, South Africa, just north of the Cape of Good Hope; and the Adelie Coast of Wilkes Land, Antarctica, south of Australia. The depth range of the genus is from tide pools to 2620 meters.

REMARKS.—The single species known from the Philippine-Indonesian region is treated below.

75. Lebbeus indicus Holthuis, 1947

Lebbeus indicus Holthuis, 1947:40, figs. 1–3 [type locality: Bali Sea, Indonesia, 7°28.2′S, 115°24.6′E; 1018 meters].

REMARKS.—Rostrum overreaching antennal scale, dorsal margin distinctly concave. Carapace with strong, marginal antennal tooth immediately below suborbital angle. Abdominal pleura rounded on 4 anterior somites, pointed on 5th. Antennal peduncle not overreaching antennular peduncle; antennal scale with blade overreaching distolateral tooth. Pereopods with epipods on 3 anterior pairs.

RANGE.—Known only from the type locality in the Bali Sea, Indonesia; in 1018 meters.

*Lysmata Risso, 1816

Aglaope Rafinesque, 1814:24 [type species, by monotypy: Aglaope striata Rafinesque, 1814:24; gender: feminine].

Niphea Rafinesque, 1815:98 [replacement name for Aglaope, type species therefore: Aglaope striata Rafinesque, 1814:24; gender: feminine].

Melicerta Risso, 1816:109 [type species, selected by H. Milne Edwards in Cuvier, 1837, pl. 54: fig. 3: Melicerta Seti Caudata Risso, 1816:110; gender:feminine].

Lysmata Risso, 1816:175 [footnote; replacement name for Melicerta Risso, 1816:109; type species, selected by H. Milne Edwards in Cuvier, 1837:18: Melicerta Seti Caudata Risso, 1816:110; gender: feminine].

Ophiocheirus Leach, 1830:172 [type species, by monotypy: Ophiocheirus chrysophthalmus Leach, 1830:172; gender: masculine].

Usterocheirus Leach, 1830:173 [type species, selected by Holthuis, 1993: Usterocheirus macropocoilium Leach, 1830:172; gender: masculine].

Arno Roux, 1831:18, 19 [replacement name for Aglaope, type species therefore: Aglaope striata Rafinesque, 1814:24; gender: feminine].

Eretmocaris Bate, 1888:894 [type species, selected by Holthuis, 1955:114: Eretmocaris stylorostris Bate, 1888:898; gender: feminine].

DIAGNOSIS.—Integument not rigid. Rostrum armed dorsally and usually ventrally, without ventral blade or tongue-like lobe extending ventrally from lateral carina. Carapace not inflated, not abruptly depressed on frontal region, without dentate crest in midline at base of rostrum, without numerous appressed teeth on lateral surface, without supraorbital or subocular tooth posterodorsal to orbital angle, latter not large or obtuse, without hepatic tooth or branchiostegal tooth or denticles, but with marginal, unarticulated antennal tooth and, occasionally, pterygostomian tooth. Abdomen with 1st pleuron entire, not bifurcate; 6th somite without prominent spines, without articulated plate at posteroventral angle and pleuron not curving around base of uropod. Telson not tapering to sharp posterior end, posterolateral angles not sharply produced, bearing 2 pairs of dorsolateral spines. Eyestalk not concealed by carapace, cornea not narrower than stalk. Antennule with stylocerite not in vertical plane, not bifid; 2nd segment without sharp, curved lateral tooth; 3rd segment without dorsodistal tooth on movable plate, dorsal flagellum slender, not short or brush-like. Antennal peduncle not overreaching antennular peduncle, without 3 strong ventral spines; antennal scale not overreaching antennular peduncle, lateral tooth not near midlength, lateral margin not spinose. Mandible without palp or incisor process. First maxilliped with caridean lobe clearly discrete from exopodal lash, epipod bilobate. Second maxilliped with terminal segment narrow and applied somewhat laterally to preceding segment, exopod not unusually wide, with nonbilobate epipod and podobranch. Third maxilliped with distal segment not flattened, with exopod, epipod, arthrobranch, and reduced coxal exite. Pereopods without exopods, with terminally hooked epipods on 4 anterior pairs, without arthrobranchs. First pereopod with fingers shorter than palm, not terminating in distal spines, chela –2 as long as carpus, latter not excavate to receive propodus, ischium often produced into long saber-shaped process. Second pereopods symmetrical, fingers no longer than palm, carpus subdivided into 13–36 articles. Third pereopod with dactyl and propodus not prehensile in functional males.

RANGE.—Pantropical and subtropical, occasionally temperate; commonly littoral and sublittoral to an unverified depth of 267 meters in L. philippinensis, new species.

REMARKS.—When Holthuis (1953) revised the publication dates of De Hann's Fauna Japonica, I was pleased to believe the clear evidence thereby engendered that Palaemon dentatus became a junior primary homonym and therefore “permanently invalid” (ICZN, Article 52b), hence surely validating Hippolysmata dentata Kemp, 1914. I was surprised, therefore, to read the following in Holthuis' characteristically splendid review of this manuscript:

It is true that Palaemon dentatus De Haan, 1944, and Hippolysmata dentata Kemp, 1914, are secondary homonyms, but according to Art. 59a “a species-group name that is a junior secondary homonym must be treated as invalid by anyone who considers that the two species-group taxa are congeneric.” As long as Palaemon dentatus and Hippolysmata dentata are both brought to the genus Lysmata, the junior of the two names has to be replaced, even if the senior name is invalid (but available)….The unpleasant consequence of this situation is that zoologists who consider Lysmata and Hippolysmata synonymous have to use the name Lysmata kempi Chace, while those who think the two genera distinct must employ the name Hippolysmata dentata Kemp, 1914, for the same species, which then has a different generic, specific, and author's name. But that is nomenclature for you.

This judgment was subsequently concurred with by Curtis W. Sabrosky, the Chairman of the Editorial Committee during six of the ten years devoted to the preparation of the Third Edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, with the proviso that the case be submitted to the International Commission for final decision. As I am unable to produce an effective response to this argument and as my age would seem to dictate against delaying publication long enough to await a verdict from the Commission, it seems best for the purpose of this report to follow the advice of two of the most highly respected exponents of the ICZN.

As indicated in the following key, seven of the 24 species of Lysmata recognized herein are known from the Philippines and/or Indonesia.

Key to Species of Lysmata

76. Lysmata amboinensis (De Man, 1888)

Hippolysmata vittata var. amboinensis De Man, 1888:495 [type locality: Ambon, Indonesia].

Hippolysmata (Hippolysmata) amboinensis.—Holthuis, 1947:70, figs. 12–14.

Lysmata grabhami.—Bruce, 1974:107, pl. 1 [not Hippolysmata grabhami Gordon, 1935].

Lysmata amboinensis.—Hayashi, 1975b:286, figs. 1–4, pl. 5 [part].—Debelius, 1984:112 [fig.].—Manning and Chace, 1990:112.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not overreaching antennular peduncle; rostral formula 1–2 + 4––4. Carapace with pterygostomian tooth. Antennule with stylocerite very short, not nearly reaching midlength of basal segment, dorsal flagellum without accessory branch. Antennal scale reaching as far as or slightly beyond end of antennular peduncle, 4 to 5 times as long as wide, distolateral tooth barely to distinctly overreaching blade. Third maxilliped with exopod not overreaching midlength of antepenultimate segment. First pereopod with chela slightly longer than carpus. Second pereopod with carpus composed of 19–21 articles. Third pereopod with dactyl biunguiculate. In life, median white stripe abruptly broadened into transverse band near posterior margin of 6th abdominal somite, interrupted on anterior of telson. Maximum postorbital carapace length more than 13 mm.

RANGE.—Red Sea, Mombasa, Gulf of Tonkin, Okinawa, Japan, Philippines, and Indonesia to Hawaii and Society Islands.

REMARKS.—Minor but apparently constant differences in color pattern between Indo-Pacific and Atlantic examples of what Hayashi (1975b) and others believed to be a nearly pantropical species suggest the desirability of retaining the name L. grabhami (Gordon, 1935) for the Atlantic form for the time being (see Manning and Chace, 1990:23). The differences in color are clearly depicted in the delightful book by Debelius (1984:112).

In an attempt to find morphological characters to support the apparent differences in color pattern, I discovered that the suborbital angle is quite distinct in Smithsonian material of L. grabhami, suggesting a possible variance from the probably immature holotype of L. amboinensis, as illustrated by Holthuis (1947, fig. 13). As the Indo-Pacific form is not yet represented in our collections, I sought advice in the matter from Holthuis. In response, Charles Fransen, with his usual kind cooperation, prepared excellent drawings of the anterior regions in dorsal aspect of two topotypic specimens of L. amboinensis that he had collected at Ambon, with postorbital carapace lengths of 9.6 and 6.6 mm. The orbital angle in the larger specimen is identical with that in Atlantic specimens of similar size. It is much less prominent but still present in the smaller specimen, which is subequal in size to the holotype of L. amboinensis. It is apparent, therefore, that there is no significant difference in this regard between L. amboinensis and L. grabhami, and that this character should be used with caution in identifying immature specimens of Lysmata.

77. Lysmata debelius Bruce, 1983

Lysmata debelius Bruce, 1983a: 115, figs. 1–9 [type locality: Polillo Island, east of Luzon, Philippines; 28 meters].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not overreaching antennular peduncle, rostral formula 1 + . Carapace with antennal tooth discrete from orbital angle, without pterygostomian tooth. Antennule with stylocerite reaching beyond midlength of basal segment but not to distal end of that segment, dorsal flagellum without accessory branch. Antennal scale 4 times as long as wide, distolateral tooth barely overreaching subtruncate distal margin of blade. Third maxilliped with exopod reaching beyond midlength of antepenultimate segment. First pereopod with chela twice as long as carpus. Second pereopod with carpus composed of 16 articles. Third pereopod with dactyl biunguiculate. In life, deep scarlet, except for brilliant white distal part of merus, propodus, and dactyl of ambulatory pereopods, large, circular spot on epistome, submedian and dorsal carapace, anterior, central, and posterior branchiostegite, and small central spot between 4 large spots on lateral surface of carapace. Maximum postorbital carapace length mm.

RANGE.—Sri Lanka; Ryukyus; Polillo Island, Philippines; and Bali, Indonesia; 10–28 meters.

78. Lysmata kuekenthali (De Man, 1902)

Merhippolyte orientalis?—De Man, 1902:849, pl. 26: fig. 56 [not M. orientalis Bate, 1888].

Hippolyte kukenthali De Man, 1902:850 [type locality: Ternate, Indonesia].

Hippolysmata kukenthali.—Kemp, 1914:115, pl. 6: fig. 11.

FIGURE 19.—Lysmata philippinensis, new species, male holotype from Albay Gulf, carapace length 5.1 mm.

Hippolysmata marleyi Stebbing, 1919:120 [type locality: Sezela, Natal, South Africa].

Hippolysmata (Hippolysmata) kukenthali.—Holthuis, 1947:69.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not overreaching antennular peduncle, rostral formula 2 + 2––3. Carapace with antennal tooth not fused with orbital angle, without pterygostomian tooth. Antennule with stylocerite slightly overreaching or falling short of distal margin of basal segment of peduncle, dorsal flagellum without accessory branch. Antennal scale barely overreaching antennular peduncle, about 3 times as long as wide, distolateral tooth reaching about to distal margin of blade. First pereopod with chela 1 times as long as carpus. Second pereopod with carpus composed of 19–21 articles. Third pereopod with dactyl biunguiculate. Maximum postorbital carapace length about 10 mm.

RANGE.—South Africa, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Japan, and Indonesia; littoral and sublittoral.

REMARKS.—Through the cooperation of William J. Cooke in Kailua, Hawaii, I have been able to compare material of the species referred to Hippolysmata kukenthali by Edmondson (1946:252) with six syntypes of De Man's species received through the kind offices of L.B. Holthuis. The Hawaiian species is quite distinct from L. kuekenthali, especially in the number of carpal articles of the second pereopod and of lateral spines on the merus of the third pereopod. As suspected by Mr. Cooke, that form seems to be indistinguishable from L. anchisteus Chace, 1972, from the tropical western Atlantic.

*79. Lysmata philippinensis, new species

FIGURES 19, 20

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum (Figures 19, 20a–c) not overreaching antennular peduncle, rostral formula 2 + 2–. Carapace with prominent antennal tooth not fused with orbital angle, latter clearly visible in dorsolateral view as distinct, blunt tooth in nearly horizontal plane (Figure 20c), occasionally with pterygostomian tooth on usually rounded anterolateral margin of carapace (Figure 20a). Fifth abdominal somite with pleuron sharply pointed posteroventrally, 4th somite with pleuron rounded (Figure 19). Antennnular peduncle with sharply pointed stylocerite not nearly reaching distal margin of basal segment (Figure 20f, dorsolateral flagellum with 1-segmented accessory branch (Figure 20g,h). Antennal scale barely, if at all overreaching antennular peduncle (Figure 20i), slightly more than 3 times as long as wide, distolateral tooth slightly overreaching distal margin of blade. Third maxilliped with exopod overreaching midlength of antepenultimate segment (Figure 19). First pereopod (Figure 19) with chela very slightly longer than carpus. Second pereopod (Figure 19) with carpus composed of 22–26 articles. Third pereopod with dactyl biunguiculate (Figure 20r), with 2–4 (usually 3) movable spines on flexor margin proximal to terminal pair (Figure 19). Maximum postorbital carapace length 8 mm.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Albay Gulf, east of southern Luzon, sta 5453, 13°12′N, 123°49′18″E [267 m], 7 June 1909 (944–1004), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 3 males [4.7–5.5], 1 [5.1] is holotype (USNM 264048) 3 ovig. females [7.4–8.0]. The depth from which the single lot was taken was estimated from the Coast Survey chart for the area; no sounding and therefore no bottom sample were obtained at this station.

RANGE.—Known only from the type locality in Albay Gulf, Luzon, Philippines.

REMARKS.—This species seems to be closely related to L. kuekenthali, which is known from Indonesia westward to South Africa in depths of no more than 11 meters. The Philippine material had not come to my attention when the type specimens of L. kuekenthali mentioned above were available to me for direct comparison, but the species described here seems to differ from L. kuekenthali in the shorter stylocerite on the antennular peduncle, longer pereopods, 22–26 rather than 19–22 articles in the carpus of the second pereopod, and usually three rather than two movable spines on the flexor margin of the dactyl and five to seven instead of three spines on the lateral and flexor surface of the merus of the third pereopod.

FIGURE 20.—Lysmata philippinensis, new species, male holotype from Albay Gulf, carapace length 5.1 mm: a, anterior carapace, right aspect; b, same, left aspect; c, anterior carapace and appendages, dorsal aspect; d, thoracic sternum, denuded except projections; e, tail fan, dorsal aspect; f, right antennular peduncle, dorsomesial aspect; g, dorsolateral antennular flagellum, junction of setiferous and nonsetiferous portions, dorsal aspect; h, same, ventral aspect; i, right antennal peduncle and scale, ventral aspect; j, right mandible, anterior aspect; k, right 1st maxilla; l, right 2nd maxilla; m, right 1st maxilliped; n, right 2nd maxilliped; o, right 3rd maxilliped, denuded distal end; p, right 1st pereopod, denuded chela; q, right 2nd pereopod, denuded chela and distal carpal articulation; r, right 3rd pereopod, denuded dactyl; s, right 1st pleopod, posterior aspect; t, same, endopod; u, right 2nd pleopod, anterior aspect; v, same, appendix masculina and tip of appendix interna.

The disconcerting presence of a small but distinct pterygostomian tooth on one side of each of two of the six specimens of the species engenders some doubt about the diagnostic significance of that character in other species of the genus, but it is probably reasonable to assume that the indicated eight per cent chance of the occurrence of this aberration is a specific, not a generic attribute.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name obviously reflects the region from which the species is currently known.

*80. Lysmata ternatensis De Man, 1902

Palaemon dentatus De Haan, 1844, pl. 45: fig. 13 [type locality: Japan; not Palaemon dentatus Roemer, 1841:106, pl. 16: fig. 24].

Lysmata seticaudata.—De Haan, 1849:176 [not L. seticaudata (Risso, 1816)].

Lysmata seticaudata var. ternatensis De Man, 1902:846 [type locality: Ternate, Indonesia, possibly also Ambon and, less likely, Japan].

Hippolysmata acicula Rathbun, 1906:912, pl. 24: fig. 6 [type locality: Puolo Point, Kauai, Hawaii; S.51°30′E4.9′].

Lysmata affinis Borradaile, 1915:209 [type locality: recorded from four localities in the Laccadive Islands, Chagos Archipelago, and the Seychelles].

Lysmata dentata Holthuis, 1947:64.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not overreaching antennular peduncle, rostral formula 2 + 3––5. Carapace with antennal tooth fused with orbital angle and with pterygostomian tooth. Fifth abdominal somite with pleuron pointed, 4th somite with pleuron rounded. Antennular peduncle with stylocerite nearly reaching distal margin of basal segment, dorsolateral flagellum with accessory branch long, composed of 10 articles. Antennal scale distinctly overreaching antennular peduncle, about 4 times as long as wide, distolateral tooth overreaching distal margin of blade. Third maxilliped with exopod not quite reaching midlength of antepenultimate segment. First pereopod with chela very slightly longer than carpus. Second pereopod with carpus composed of up to 29 articles. Third pereopod with dactyl biunguiculate. Maximum postorbital carapace length at least 6 mm.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Off Jolo Island, Sulu Archipelago, sta 5555, 5°51′15″N, 120°58′35″E, 62 m, coarse sand, 18 Sep 1909 (1109–1113), 6′ McCormick trawl: 1 ovig. female [5.2].

RANGE.—Seychelles, Laccadives, Chagos Archipelago, Japan, and Indonesia; to a depth of 62 meters.

REMARKS.—This species was apparently first called Palaemon dentatus by De Haan on plate 45 in the crustacean volume of Von Siebold's Fauna Japonica. On the assumption that this plate was issued in 1841, there was no clear challenge to the priority of the name. When Holthuis (1953) corrected the date of that plate to 1844, however, De Haan's species became a junior homonym of Palaemon dentatus Roemer, 1841, a fossil lobster now known as Hoploparia dentata (Roemer, 1841) (see generic “Remarks”).

At Holthuis's suggestion, I compared the ovigerous female holotype of Hippolysmata acicula Rathbun, 1906, with the ovigerous female of similar size from Albatross station 5555 that I had originally identified as Lysmata dentata (De Haan). The only apparent differences are that (1) the Hawaiian specimen has only two postorbital teeth in the midline of the carapace, compared with three in the Philippine example, (2) the similarly long accessory antennullar flagellum is composed of ten articles in L. acicula and only eight in the other, and (3) the second pereopod has 29 articles in L. acicula, 21 and 26 in the other. I am convinced from the current state of knowledge of the species of Lysmata that these two specimens represent a single species, especially as the anterodorsal region of the carapace appears slightly deformed in the Hawaiian specimen, as if it might have borne three postorbital teeth originally.

The probable synonymy of L. acicula with L. affinis Borradaile, 1915, denies the latter priority over the other synonyms of L. dentata (De Haan), but the earliest replacement name is obviously Lysmata seticaudata var. ternatensis De Man, 1902, if we accept the Holthuis (1947:64) synonymy. I am tempted to do so on the assumption that the subspecies type series is limited to the single, probably juvenile specimen cited at the opening of De Man's discussion (1902:846). That assumption would possibly defer the certainty of final determination of the identity of L. ternatensis until more of the growth stages of the species are known. Holthuis (in litt.), however, notes that the examination of De Man's type material might be desirable. He defines that material, in addition to “the juvenile male from Ternate” as “the four specimens that De Man mentioned in 1888 (Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 53:492) as L. seticaudata, and which in 1902 he placed in his new subspecies Ternatensis.” He eliminates from the type series the “Japanese specimens of L. seticaudata of De Haan and Ortmann…mentioned by De Man (1902)” because “he only thought them probably identical with his new subspecies and did not definitely identify them.”

81. Lysmata trisetacea (Heller, 1861)

Hippolyte trisetacea Heller, 1861:29 [type locality: Red Sea].

Lysmata pusilla Heller, 1862b:287, pl. 3: fig. 26 [type locality: Red Sea].

Hippolysmata paucidens Rathbun, 1906:913, pl. 24: fig. 4 [type locality: Waikiki Beach, Oahu, Hawaii].

Lysmata chiltoni Kemp, 1914:110, pl. 6: figs. 1–4 [type locality: Meyer Island, Kermadec Islands, New Zealand].

Lysmata trisetacea.—Holthuis, 1947:19, 65.—Chace, 1962:614.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not overreaching antennular peduncle, rostral formula 1–2 + 2––2. Carapace with antennal tooth fused with orbital angle, obliterating latter, without pterygostomian tooth. Antennule with stylocerite reaching as far as or slightly beyond distal margin of basal segment, dorsal flagellum with accessory flagellum as long as or longer than fused portion, composed of 8 articles. Antennal scale distinctly overreaching stout antennular peduncle, more than 3 times as long as wide, distolateral tooth falling slightly short of or slightly beyond distal margin of blade. Third maxilliped with exopod reaching nearly or quite to distal end of antepenultimate segment. First pereopod with chela 1 frac12; times as long as carpus. Second pereopod with carpus composed of 19–24 articles. Third pereopod with biunguiculate dactyl. Maximum postorbital carapace length fully 6 mm.

RANGE.—Red Sea and Kermadec Islands, New Zealand, to Micronesia, Hawaii, and Clipperton Island; littoral.

82. Lysmata vittata (Stimpson, 1860)

Hippolysmata vittata Stimpson, 1860:26 [type locality: Hong Kong].

Nauticaris unirecedens Bate, 1888:608, pl. 110: fig. 1 [type locality: Hong Kong],

Hippolysmata durbanensis Stebbing, 1921a:20, pl. 5 [type locality: Durban Bay, South Africa],

Hippolysmata (Hippolysmata) vittata.—Hayashi and Miyake, 1968b: 156, fig. 17.—Bruce, 1990c:601, figs. 23–28.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not overreaching antennular peduncle, rostral formula 2–3 + 2––5. Carapace with antennal tooth not fused with orbital angle, with pterygostomian tooth. Antennule with stylocerite reaching about to midlength of basal segment, dorsal flagellum without accessory branch. Antennal scale reaching about as far as end of antennular peduncle, about 3 times as long as wide, distolateral tooth reaching about as far as distal margin of blade. Third maxilliped with exopod reaching fully as far as midlength of antepenultimate segment. First pereopod with chela about 1 times as long as carpus. Second pereopod with carpus composed of 15–31 articles. Third pereopod with biunguiculate dactyl. Maximum postorbital carapace length more than 7 mm.

RANGE.—Eastern Africa to Hong Kong, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, and Australia; littoral to 54 meters.

REMARKS.—As currently conceived, L. vittata seems to be quite variable, especially in regard to the rostral formula and the number of articles in the carpus of the second pereopod.

*Lysmatella Borradaile, 1915

Lysmatella Borradaile, 1915:206 [type species, by monotypy: Lysmatella prima Borradaile, 1915:209; gender: feminine].

DIAGNOSIS.—Integument not rigid. Rostrum (Figure 21 a,b) armed dorsally and ventrally, without ventral blade or tongue-like lobe extending ventrally from lateral carina. Carapace (Figure 21 a,b) not inflated, not abruptly depressed on frontal region, without dentate crest in midline at base of rostrum, without numerous appressed teeth on lateral surface, without supraorbital or subocular tooth posterodorsal to orbital angle, latter not large or obtuse, without hepatic tooth or branchiostegal tooth or denticles, but with marginal, unarticulated antennal tooth and pterygostomian tooth. Abdomen (Figure 21c) with 1st pleuron entire, not bifurcate; 6th somite without prominent spines, without articulated plate at posteroventral angle and pleuron not curving around base of uropod. Telson (Figure 21 d,e) not tapering to sharp posterior end, posterolateral angles not sharply produced, bearing 2 pairs of dorsolateral spines. Eyestalk (Figure 21f not concealed by carapace, cornea not narrower than stalk. Antennule (Figure 21 g,h) with stylocerite not in vertical plane, not bifid; 2nd segment without sharp, curved lateral tooth; 3rd segment without dorsodistal tooth on movable plate, dorsal flagellum slender, not short or brush-like, bearing minute, 2-segmented accessory “flagellum.” Antennal peduncle not overreaching antennular peduncle, without 3 strong ventral spines; antennal scale (Figure 21i) barely overreaching antennular peduncle, lateral tooth not near midlength, lateral margin not spinose. Mandible (Figure 21j) without palp or incisor process. First maxilliped (Figure 21m) with caridean lobe clearly discrete from exopodal lash, epipod bilobate. Second maxilliped (Figure 21n) with terminal segment narrow and applied laterally to preceding segment, exopod not unusually wide with nonbilobate epipod and vestigial podobranch. Third maxilliped (Figure 21 o,p) with distal segment not flattened, with epipod and coxal exite. Pereopods without exopods, epipods, or arthrobranchs. First pereopod (Figures 21q,r) with fingers shorter than palm, chela 1 times as long as carpus, latter not excavate to receive propodus, ischium distally produced. Second pereopods (Figure 21s) symmetrical, fingers shorter than palm, carpus subdivided into 20–24 articles. Third pereopod (Figure 21t,u) with dactyl and propodus not prehensile in functional males.

RANGE.—Maldive and Andaman islands, Japan, Philippines, and Indonesia; to a depth of 62 meters.

REMARKS.—Lysmatella differs from Lysmata only in the complete absence of epipods on any of the pereopods, compared with their strong development on the four anterior pairs in the latter genus.

Only one species of Lysmatella is known.

*83. Lysmatella prima Borradaile, 1915

FIGURE 21

Lysmatella prima Borradaile, 1915:209; 1917:404, pl. 58: fig. 7.

Hippolysmata (Lysmatella) prima.—Kemp, 1916:404.—Holthuis, 1947:72.

DIAGNOSIS.—See generic “Diagnosis” above.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Off Jolo Island, Sulu Archipelago, sta 5139, 6°06′N, 121°02′30″E, 37 m, coral sand, 14 Feb (1313–1317), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 1 female [2.7]; sta 5142, 6°06′10″N, 121°02′40″E, 38 m, coral sand and shells, 15 Feb (1033–1044), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 3 females [2.6–3.2].—Near Siasi, Sulu Archipelago, sta 5146, 5°46′40″N, 120°48′50″E, 44 m, coral sand, shells, 16 Feb 1908 (1011–1031), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 7 females [3.3–4.9], 3 ovig. [4.8–4.9], 1 juv [2.0].—Off Tawitawi, Sulu Archipelago, sta 5152, 5°22′55″N, 120°15′45″E, 62 m, white sand, 18 Feb 1908 (1528–1543), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl, mud bag: 1 ovig. female [4.5]; sta 5157, 5°12′30″N, 119°55′50″E, 33 m, fine sand, 21 Feb 1908 (0904–0909), 9′ Johnston oyster dredge: 8 females (2.4–4.5], 1 ovig. [3.9].

FIGURE 21.—Lysmatella prima, ovigerous female with carapace length of 4.9 mm from Albatross sta 5146: a, carapace and anterior appendages; b, anterior carapace; c, abdomen; d, telson and uropods; e. posterior end of telson; f, right eye; g, right antennule, dorsomesial aspect; h, same, accessory branch of dorsal flagellum; i, right antenna, dorsal aspect; j, right mandible; k, right 1st maxilla; l, right 2nd maxilla; m. right 1st maxilliped; n, left 2nd maxilliped; o, right 3rd maxilliped; p. same, distal end; q, right 1st pereopod; r, same, chela; s. right 2nd pereopod; t, right 3rd pereopod; u, same, dactyl; v, right 4th pereopod; w, same, dactyl; x, right 5th pereopod; y, same, dactyl.

RANGE.—See generic “Range” above. It may be significant, or merely coincidental, that two rather uncommon, monotypic hippolytid genera, Gelastocaris and Lysmatella, were taken during the Albatross Philippine Expedition only from a single identical area of the Sulu Archipelago.

Merguia Kemp, 1914

FIGURE 22

Merguia Kemp, 1914:121 [type species, by monotypy: Hippolyte oligodon De Man, 1888:277; gender: feminine].

DIAGNOSIS.—Integument not rigid. Rostrum armed dorsally, unarmed ventrally, without ventral blade or tongue-like lobe extending ventrally from lateral carina. Carapace not inflated, not abruptly depressed on frontal region, without dentate crest in midline at base of rostrum, without numerous appressed teeth on lateral surface, without supraorbital tooth or subocular tooth posterodorsal to orbital angle, latter not large or obtuse, without hepatic, branchiostegal or pterygostomian teeth, but with marginal, unarticulated antennal tooth. Abdomen with 1st pleuron entire, not bifurcate; 6th somite without prominent spines, without articulated plate at posteroventral angle and pleuron not curving around base of uropod. Telson not tapering to sharp posterior end, posterolateral angles not sharply produced, bearing 2 pairs of dorsolateral spines. Eyestalk not concealed by carapace, cornea not narrower than stalk. Antennule with stylocerite not in vertical plane, not bifid; 2nd segment without sharp lateral tooth; 3rd segment without dorsodistal tooth on movable plate, dorsal flagellum slender, not short or brush-like. Antennal peduncle not overreaching antennular peduncle, without 3 strong ventral spines; antennal scale not overreaching antennular peduncle, lateral tooth not near midlength, lateral margin not spinose. Mandible without palp or incisor process. First maxilliped with caridean lobe not very discrete from exopodal lash, epipod bilobate. Second maxilliped with terminal segment somewhat obliquely applied to preceding segment, exopod not unusually wide, with nonbilobate epipod but without podobranch. Third maxilliped with distal segment not flattened, with epipod and arthrobranch, but without exopod. Pereopods without exopods, epipods, or arthrobranchs. First pereopod with fingers shorter than palm, not terminating in distal spines, chela slightly longer than carpus, latter not excavate to receive propodus, ischium not much produced distally.

Second pereopods equal, fingers no longer than palm, carpus subdivided into 20–27 articles. Third pereopod with dactyl and propodus not prehensile in functional males.

RANGE.—Mergui Archipelago, Indonesia, and western Atlantic from Panama and Surinam to Estado de Paraiba, Brazil; from semiterrestrial habitats. In a personal communication, accompanied by the suggestion that I publish the information herein, C.B. Powell of the Department of Zoology, University of Port Harcourt, Port-Parcourt, Nigeria, has informed me that he found specimens of Merguia in high-salinity mangrove creeks in the eastern Niger Delta. Powell also made the pertinent comment that the Nigerian specimens might possibly be exotic rather than truly West African, because of their ability to survive semiterrestrial conditions (see Abele, 1970).

FIGURE 22.—Dactyl of right 3rd pereopod and right appendix masculina of Merguia, a,b, M. oligodon; c.d, M. rhizophorae: a.b. male with carapace length of 4.1 mm from Boera, Papua New Guinea (USNM 169678); c.d, male with carapace length of 4.0 mm from Galeta Island, Caribbean coast of Panama (USNM 127510).

REMARKS.—Two nominal species of Merguia have been described: M. oligodon from the Mergui Archipelago and Indonesia and M. rhizophorae from Panama and Estado da Paraiba, Brazil, and possibly Surinam. In recording specimens of the latter species from Surinam, Holthuis (1959:109) noted that, in male specimens, “the dactylus of the last three pairs of pereiopods is slender and unarmed” rather than bearing “two posterior spines” and being “less slender” as in the Brazilian holotype of M rhizophorae. Comparison of these appendages in males of Merguia of similar size from New Guinea and Panama failed to reveal any significant differences (Figure 22a,c). The only structure that seems to disagree in these two specimens is the appendix masculina (Figure 22b,d), which bears eight long spines in the specimen from New Guinea and 12 in the Panamanian example, but Holthuis (1959, fig. 15n) shows only eight spines in the Surinam material. Obviously, further study will be required to determine whether these interesting shrimps that behave like insects belong to one, two, or three species.

84. Merguia oligodon (De Man, 1888)

Hippolyte oligodon De Man, 1888:277, pl. 18: figs. 1–6 [type locality: Elphinstone Island, Mergui Archipelago].

Merguia oligodon.—Kemp, 1914:121, pl. 7: figs. 8, 9,—Holthuis, 1947:75, fig. 15; 1958:231, figs. 1, 2.

DIAGNOSIS.—See generic “Diagnosis” above.

RANGE.—Mergui Archipelago and Indonesia; in semiterrestrial habitats.

REMARKS.—See generic “Remarks” above.

Mimocaris Nobili, 1903

Mimocaris Nobili, 1903:6 [type species, by monotypy: Mimocaris heterocarpoides Nobili, 1903:6; gender: feminine].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum armed dorsally and ventrally, without ventral blade or tongue-like lobe extending ventrally from lateral carina. Carapace not inflated, not abruptly depressed on frontal region, with semblance of dentate crest in midline at base of rostrum, without numerous appressed teeth on lateral surface, without supraorbital tooth or subocular tooth posterodorsal to orbital angle, latter not large or obtuse, without hepatic tooth or branchiostegal tooth or denticles, but with prominent, marginal, unarticulated antennal tooth and even larger pterygostomian tooth. Abdomen with 1st pleuron bifurcate; 6th somite with single paired distolateral spine, without articulated plate at posteroventral angle and pleuron not curving around base of uropod. Telson tapering to sharp posterior end, posterolateral angles not sharply produced. Eyestalk not concealed by carapace, cornea not narrower than stalk. Antennule with dorsal flagellum not short or brush-like. Antennal scale overreaching antennular peduncle, lateral tooth not near midlength, lateral margin not spinose. Mandible without palp or incisor process. Second pereopods symmetrical.

RANGE.—Sarawak, Malaysia, and east coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.

REMARKS.—Only one species is known.

85. Mimocaris heterocarpoides Nobili, 1903

Mimocaris heterocarpoides Nobili, 1903:6, fig. 2 [type locality: Pulau Burong, Sarawak, Malaysia, 1°44′N, 110°48′E or 1°44′N, 109°52′E].—Balss, 1933:86.

DIAGNOSIS.—See generic “Diagnosis” above.

RANGE.—Northwestern Borneo and eastern Sumatra; littoral.

* Paralebbeus Bruce and Chace, 1986

Paralebbeus Bruce and Chace, 1986:237 [type species, by monotypy: Paralebbeus zotheculatus Bruce and Chace, 1986:238; gender: masculine].

DIAGNOSIS.—Integument not rigid. Rostrum unarmed on dorsal and ventral midline, without ventral blade or tongue-like lobe extending ventrally from lateral carina. Carapace inflated, especially in female, not abruptly depressed on frontal region, without dentate crest in midline at base of rostrum, without numerous appressed teeth on lateral surface, with or without supraorbital tooth, without subocular tooth posterodorsal to orbital angle, latter distinct but not large or obtuse, without hepatic tooth or branchiostegal tooth or denticles, but with marginal, unarticulated antennal tooth and, sometimes, small pterygostomian tooth. Abdomen with 1st pleuron entire, not bifurcate; 6th somite without prominent spines, without articulated plate at posteroventral angle and pleuron not curving around base of uropod. Telson not tapering to sharp posterior end, posterolateral angles not sharply produced, bearing 1–6 pairs of dorsolateral spines. Eyestalk not concealed by carapace, comea not narrower than stalk, without ocellus. Antennule with stylocerite not in vertical plane, not bifid; 2nd segment without dorsodistal tooth on movable plate, dorsal flagellum not short or brush-like. Antennal peduncle not overreaching antennular peduncle, without 3 strong ventral spines; antennal scale overreaching antennular peduncle, lateral tooth not near midlength, lateral margin not spinose. Mandible with incisor process and 2-segmented palp. First maxilliped with caridean lobe clearly discrete from exopodal lash, epipod slightly bilobate. Second maxilliped with terminal segment narrow and applied somewhat diagonally to preceding segment, exopod not unusually wide, with nonbilobate epipod and podobranch. Third maxilliped with distal segment not noticeably flattened, with epipod but without exopod, arthrobranch, or prominent coxal exite. Pereopods without exopods, with terminally hooked epipods on three anterior pairs, without arthrobranchs. First pereopod with fingers shorter than palm, movable finger terminating in 2 blunt teeth, chela 2–3 times as long as carpus, latter shallowly excavate to receive propodus, ischium not produced into long saber-shaped process. Second pereopods symmetrical, fingers shorter than palm, carpus subdivided into 7 articles, 3rd and 7th longest. Third pereopod prehensile with dactyl and propodus not prehensile in male.

RANGE.—Philippines, Indonesia, and off northern Western Australia; fully documented specimen extracted from small chambers in hexactinellid sponges; 452–1023 meters.

REMARKS.—The justification for recognizing two distinct species among the seven admittedly variable specimens of Paralebbeus now known may be lost when additional material becomes available. Some of the characters offered in the following key will almost certainly prove to be fallacious in due time, but some of them, such as the arrangement of the stout spines on the distal segment of the third maxilliped and of the two terminal teeth on the movable finger of the first pereopod, seem to indicate that the Philippine female taken by the Albatross in 720 meters represents a new depth record for P. zotheculatus from the Soela cruises off northern Western Australia, whereas the Indonesian male and female trawled by the Albatross in 763 and 1023 meters may belong to a different species. It is to call attention to that possibility that I have decided to recognize a second species of the genus.

Key to Species of Paralebbeus

*86. Paralebbeus zotheculatus Bruce and Chace, 1986

FIGURES 23, 24

Paralebbeus zotheculatus Bruce and Chace, 1986:238, figs. 3–6 [type locality: west of Imperieuse Reef, Western Australlia, 17°30.1′S, 118°28.9′E; in hexactinellid sponge from 505–506 meters].

DIAGNOSIS.—See “Key to Species of Paralebbeus” above.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Western end of Verde Island Passage, east of Lubang Islands, sta 5119, 13°45′05″N, 120°30′30″E, 720 m, green mud, sand, 6.5°C, 21 Jan 1908 (1324–1356), 12′ Tanner beam trawl: 1 female [9.7].

RANGE.—Philippines and off Western Australia; 452–720 meters.

*87. Paralebbeus zygius, new species

FIGURES 25–28

DIAGNOSIS.—See “Key to Species of Paralebbeus” above.

MATERIAL.—INDONESIA. West of Halmahera; sta 5618, 0°37′00″N, 127°15′00″E, 763 m, gray mud, 27 Nov 1909 (1444–1504), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 male paratype [6.9].—Selat Butung, Sulawesi (Celebes), sta 5648, 5°35′00″S, 122°20′00″E, 1023 m, green mud, 4.0°C, 16 Dec 1909 (1629–1652), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: female holotype [11.7] (USNM 264050).

FIGURE 23.—Paralebbeus zotheculatus, female with carapace length of 9.7 mm from Albatross sta 5119.

TYPE LOCALITY.—Selat Butung, Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia; 5°35′00″S, 122°20′00″E; 1023 meters.

RANGE.—Known only from the two Indonesian localities mentioned above.

ETYMOLOGY.—From the Greek zygius, -a, -um, “belonging to the yoke,” in reference to the pair of very similar species herein recognized in the genus Paralebbeus.

FIGURE 24.—Paralebbeus zotheculatus, female with carapace length of 9.7 mm from Albatross sta 5119: a, anterior carapace, right aspect; b, same, left aspect; c, anterior carapace and appendages, dorsal aspect; d, telson and uropods; e, right antennular peduncle, dorsomesial aspect; f, right antennal peduncle, ventral aspect; g, right mandible, aboral aspect; h, same, oral aspect; i, right 1st maxilla; j, right 2nd maxilla; k, right 1st maxilliped; l, right 2nd maxilliped; m, right 3rd maxilliped, lateral aspect; n, same, distal end, dorsal aspect; o, right 1st pereopod; p, same, fingers; q, same, tips; r, right 2nd pereopod; s, same, chela; t, right 3rd pereopod; u, same, dactyl; v, right 4th pereopod; w, same, dactyl; x, left 5th pereopod; y, same, dactyl.

FIGURE 25.—Paralebbeus zygius, new species: a, male paratype from Molucca Passage, Indonesia, Albatross sta 5618, carapace length 6.9 mm; b, female holotype from Selat Butung, Celebes, Indonesia, Albatross sta 5648, carapace length 11.7 mm.

FIGURE 26.—Paralebbeus zygius, new species, female holotype with carapace length of 11.7 mm from Albatross sta 5648: a, anterior carapace, right aspect; b, same, left aspect; c, anterior carapace and appendages, dorsal aspect; d, telson and uropods; e, left antennular peduncle, dorsomesial aspect; f, left antennal peduncle, ventral aspect; g, right mandible, aboral aspect; h, same, oral aspect; i, right 1st maxilla; j, right 2nd maxilla; k, right 1st maxilliped; l, right 2nd maxilliped; m, right 3rd maxilliped, lateral aspect; n, same, distal end, dorsal aspect.

FIGURE 27.—Paralebbeus zygius, new species, female holotype with carapace length of 11.7 mm from Albatross 5648: a, right 1st pereopod; b, same, fingers; c, right 2nd pereopod; d, same, chela; e, right 3rd pereopod; f, same, dactyl; g, right 4th pereopod; h, same, dactyl; i, right 5th pereopod; j, same, dactyl; k, right 1st pleopod.

FIGURE 28.—Paralebbeus zygius, new species, male paratype with carapace length of 6.9 mm from Albatross sta 5618: a, anterior carapace, right aspect; b, same, left aspect; c, anterior carapace and appendages, dorsal aspect; d, telson and uropods; e, right antennular peduncle, dorsomesial aspect; f right antennal peduncle, ventral aspect; g, right mandible, aboral aspect; A, same, end of incisor process; i, right 1st maxilla; j right 2nd maxilla; k, right 1st maxilliped; l, right 2nd maxilliped; m, right 3rd maxilliped, lateral aspect; n, same, distal end, dorsal aspect; o, thoracic sternum; p, right 1st pereopod; q, same, fingers; r, right 2nd pereopod; s, left 3rd pereopod; t, same, dactyl; u, left 4th pereopod; v, same, dactyl; w, left 5th pereopod; x, same, dactyl; y, right 1st pleopod, posterior aspect; z, same, endopod; aa, right 2nd pleopod; bb, same, appendix masculina and appendix interna.

Parhippolyte Borradaile, 1900

Parhippolyte Borradaile, 1900:414 [type species, by monotypy: Parhippolyte uveae Borradaile, 1900:414; gender feminine].

DIAGNOSIS.—Integument not rigid. Rostrum armed dorsally and ventrally, without strong ventral blade or tongue-like lobe extending ventrally from lateral carina. Carapace not inflated, not abruptly depressed on frontal region, without dentate crest in midline at base of rostrum, without appressed teeth on lateral surface, without supraorbital tooth, with subocular tooth posterodorsal to orbital angle, latter distinct, rather large and obtuse or rounded, without antennal or hepatic tooth, with marginal branchiostegal tooth, branchiostegal margin not denticulate, without pterygostomian tooth. Abdomen with somites not dorsally carinate or posteromesially dentate, 1st pleuron entire, not bifurcate; 6th somite without proximal spines, without articulated plate at posteroventral angle and pleuron not curving around base of uropod. Telson not tapering regularly to sharp posterior end, posterolateral angles not sharply produced, bearing 2 pairs of dorsolateral spines. Eyestalk movable, not concealed by carapace. Stylocerite in vertical plane, not bifid; 3rd segment of antennular peduncle without movable plate; dorsal flagellum not short or brush-like. Antennal scale overreaching antennular peduncle, lateral tooth not near midlength, lateral margin not spinose. Mandible without incisor process, with 3-jointed palp. Second maxilliped with terminal segment elongate and applied somewhat laterally to preceding segment, exopod not unusually wide, with nonbilobate epipod and podobranch. Third maxilliped with terminal segment not flattened, with epipod, exopod, and arthrobranch. Pereopods without exopods, with epipods and arthrobranchs on 4 anterior pairs; 1st pereopod with fingers shorter than palm, movable finger not terminating in more than 2 blunt teeth; 2nd pereopods fairly symmetrical, fingers shorter than palm, carpus subdivided into more than 30 articles; 3rd pereopod with dactyl and propodus not prehensile in males, propodus subdivided, carpus not very spinose.

RANGE.—Anchialine pools from western Indian Ocean to Hawaii in the tropical Pacific, and Bermuda in the western Atlantic.

REMARKS.—As suggested by the following key, the genus Parhippolyte is currently believed to comprise only three species. Although a thorough comparative study of P. uveae from populations in different parts of its extensive range would be desirable as collections accumulate, it is very possible that no change in that conclusion is likely. The variability noted by Wear and Holthuis (1977:128) in eight Philippine specimens from a single pool, as regards the number of ventral rostral teeth, the presence or absence and the disposition of the spine on the antennal lobe (which is assumed to be of prime generic or even potentially familial importance), and the intensity and extent of the red coloration of the animal would seem to allude to a variable species that could adapt readily to environmental inconstancy over a broad range.

Key to Species of Parhippolyte

88. Parhippolyte uveae Borradaile, 1900

Parhippolyte uveae Borradaile, 1900:414, pl. 38 [type locality: Uvea, Loyalty Islands].—Manning and Hart, 1984:657, fig. 4.

Ligur uveae.—Gordon, 1936b:102, fig. 1.—Monod, 1968:772, figs. 1–8.—Wear and Holthuis, 1977:125, fig. 1, pls. 1, 2.—Maciolek, 1983:607, 609, 612, 616, figs. 1, 2.

DIAGNOSIS.—Suborbital lobe rounded, longer than broad, sometimes with marginal denticle in addition to suborbital tooth. Appendix masculina shorter than appendix interna, distal spines not included. Maximum postorbital carapace length at least 27 mm.

RANGE.—Aldabra (western Indian Ocean), Tiniguiban Island (between Panay Gulf and Guimaras Strait, Philippines), Halmahera (Indonesia), Palau (Caroline Islands), Loyalty Islands, Fiji Archipelago, Bikini (Marshall Islands), Funafuti (Ellice Islands), and Hawaii; in anchialine pools.

REMARKS.—See generic “Remarks.” It also should be noted that P. uveae is very closely related to P. sterreri from Bermuda.

*Saron Thallwitz, 1891

Saron Thallwitz, 1891a:99 [type species, by monotypy: Hippolyte gibberosus H. Milne Edwards, 1837:378 (= Palaemon marmoratus Olivier, 1811:663); gender: masculine].

DIAGNOSIS.—Integument not especially rigid. Rostrum overreaching antennular peduncle, armed dorsally and ventrally, with strong ventral blade, not projecting between bases of antennules, or series of strong ventral teeth, without tongue-like lobe extending ventrally from lateral carina. Carapace without discrete dentate crest in midline at base of rostrum, without longitudinal lateral carinae, without appressed teeth on lateral surface, without supraorbital tooth, without abrupt depressions on frontal or orbital regions, without subocular tooth posterodorsal to orbital angle, latter not large, with antennal tooth, latter neither submarginal nor basally articulated, without hepatic tooth, with branchiostegal tooth, branchiostegal margin not denticulate, with pterygostomian tooth. Abdominal somites not dorsally carinate or posteromesially dentate, 1st pleuron not bifurcate, 4th and 5th pleura pointed, not denticulate, 6th somite not armed with 7 strong spines, with plate articulated at posteroventral angle, pleuron not curving around base of uropod. Telson not tapering to sharp point, posterior margin subtruncate or slightly concave, posterolateral angles not sharply produced. Eyestalk movable, not concealed by carapace, cornea with ocellus. Antennule with stylocerite not lying in vertical plane, not bifid or semicircular; 2nd peduncular segment without sharp, curved lateral tooth; 3rd segment without sharp dorsodistal tooth or movable dorsodistal plate; dorsolateral flagellum proximally stout but not unusually short or brush-like. Antennal peduncle sometimes overreaching antennular peduncle, not armed with 3 strong ventral spines; antennal scale overreaching antennular peduncle, without lateral tooth near midlength or small movable lateral spines. Mandible with both palp and incisor process. First maxilliped with caridean lobe quite distinct from exopodal lash, eilpod bilobate. Second maxilliped with terminal segment elongate and applied somewhat laterally to preceding segment, exopod not unusually wide, with somewhat bilobate epipod and with podobranch. Third maxilliped with distal segment not flattened, with exopod, epipod, small arthrobranch, and coxal exite. Pereopods without exopods, with epipods and arthrobranchs on 1st to 4th pairs, epipods with terminal hook. First pereopod with fingers shorter than palm, not terminating in interlocking spines, chela 1 to 2 times as long as carpus, carpus not deeply excavate for reception of chela. Second pereopods symmetrical, fingers shorter than palm, carpus subdivided into 10–17 articles. Third pereopod with dactyl not gradually tapering to acute apex, armed with teeth on flexor margin, dactyl and propodus not prehensile in functional males, propodus not subdivided, carpus not conspicuously splnose. Uropod with lateral margin of lateral branch terminating in small fixed tooth with larger movable splne mesial to it.

RANGE.—Red Sea and eastern Africa to Hawaii, Marquesas Islands, and Tuamotu Archipelago; littoral.

REMARKS.—All four of the known species of Saron have been recorded from the Philippine-Indonesian region. They may be distinguished in the following key adapted from the lists of characters provided by Hayashi (1989:29, 30).

Key to Species of Saron

89. Saron inermis Hayashi, 1983

Saron sp. Grosskopf, 1982:381, 1 figure.

Saron inermis Hayashi, 1983:117 [type locality: Indonesia]; 1989:27, figs. 5–8, photos 2, 3.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum shorter than carapace, curved upward in distal . Carapace with double orbital margin. Antennular peduncle without erect spine on 3rd segment. Antennal peduncle with prominent distoventral tooth. Second pereopod with movable finger smooth, not finely serrate, on opposable margin, carpus composed of 14–17 articles. Fifth pereopod without subdistal spine on merus. Maximum postorbital carapace length about 12 mm.

RANGE.—Okinawa and Indonesia.

*90. Saron marmoratus (Olivier, 1811)

Palaemon marmoratus Olivier, 1811:663 [type locality: Australia].

Hippolyte gibberosus H. Milne Edwards, 1837:378 [type locality: Australia].

Hippolyte Leachii Guérin-Méneville, 1838:37 [type locality: Kusaie, Caroline Islands].

Hippolyte Hemprichii Heller, 1861:29 [type locality: Red Sea].

Hyppolite Kraussii Bianconi, 1869:200, pl. 10: fig. 2a [type locality: Mozambique].

Saron marmoratus.—Ortmann, 1894:15.—Holthuis, 1947:25.—Healy and Yaldwyn, 1970:5 [color photo].—Debelius, 1984:60 [color photo].

Nauticaris grandirostris Pearson, 1905:79, pl. 1: fig. 6 [type locality: Galle, Sri Lanka].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum usually longer than carapace, curved upward. Carapace with single orbital margin. Antennular peduncle without erect spine on 3rd segment. Antennal peduncle with basicerite lacking prominent distoventral tooth. Second pereopod with movable finger smooth, not finely serrate, on opposable margin, carpus composed of 9–13 articles. Fifth pereopod with 2 subdistal spines on merus. Fourth pleopod with appendix interna attached to endopod over much of length. Maximum postorbital carapace length about 13 mm.

MATERIAL.—SOUTH CHINA SEA. Southeast of Hong Kong, near sta 5300, 20°31′N, 115°49′E, from seaweed: 1 male [4.7].

PHILIPPINES. Maculabu Island [14°24′N, 122°49′E], 14 Jun 1909: 2 ovig. females [6.0, 9.1].—Canimo Island [14°07′N, 123°04′E], tide pool, 15 Jun 1909: 2 males [8.8., 8.8] 1 ovig. female [7.9].—Batan Island [13°15′N, 124°00?], tide pool, 5 Jun 1909: 1 ovig. female [7.0].

INDONESIA. Tomahu Island, Burn [3°14′S, 126°04′E], tide pools: 2 males [6.1, 6.5].

RANGE.—Red Sea and eastern Africa to Hawaii, Marquesas Islands, and Tuamotu Archipelago (the type locality of Australia cited for Palaemon marmoratus and Hippolyte gibberosus is uncertain); littoral.

91. Saron neglectus De Man, 1902

Saron neglectus De Man, 1902:854, pl. 26: fig. 58 [type locality: Ternate, Indonesia].—Holthuis, 1947:30.—Miyake and Hayashi, 1966:146, figs. 2, 3d-f.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum usually longer than carapace, curved upward. Carapace with double orbital margin. Antennular peduncle with erect spine on 3rd segment. Antennal peduncle with basicerite lacking prominent distoventral tooth. Second pereopod with movable finger finely serrate on opposable margin, carpus composed of 9–13 articles. Fifth pereopod with 1 subdistal spine on merus. Fourth pleopod with appendix interna attached to endopod over much of length. Maximum postorbital carapace length more than 7 mm.

RANGE.—Red Sea and eastern Africa to Johnstone Island; littoral.

92. Saron rectirostris Hayashi, 1984

Saron rectirostris Hayashi, 1984:116 [type locality: Indonesia]; 1989:23, figs. 1–4, photo 1].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum shorter than carapace, dorsal margin curved downward. Carapace with double orbital margin. Antennular peduncle without erect spine on 3rd segment. Antennal peduncle with prominent distoventral tooth. Second pereopod with movable finger smooth, not finely serrate, on opposable margin, carpus composed of 14–17 articles. Fifth pereopod without subdistal spine on merus. Fourth pleopod with appendix interna attached to endopod only at base. Maximum postorbital carapace length fully 12 mm.

RANGE.—Indonesia.

Thor Kingsley, 1878

Thor Kingsley, 1878b:94 [type species, by monotypy: Thor floridanus Kingsley, 1878b:95; gender: masculine].

DIAGNOSIS.—Integument not rigid. Rostrum not overreaching antennular peduncle, armed dorsally with 28 teeth, ventrally with 0–2, without ventral blade, without tongue-like lobe extending ventrally from lateral carina. Carapace without discrete dentate crest in midline at base of rostrum, without longitudinal lateral carinae, without appressed teeth on lateral surface, without abrupt depressions on frontal or orbital regions, without subocular tooth posterodorsal to orbital angle, latter not large, with antennal tooth, latter not basally articulated, without hepatic tooth, without branchiostegal tooth or denticles, usually without pterygostomian tooth. Abdominal somites not dorsally carinate or posteromesially dentate, 1st pleuron not bifurcate, 4th and 5th pleura pointed, not denticulate; 6th somite not armed with 7 strong spines, without plate articulated at posteroventral angle, pleuron not curving around base of uropod. Telson not tapering gradually to sharp point, posterolateral angles not sharply produced. Eyestalk movable, not concealed by carapace, cornea with ocellus. Antennule with stylocerite often lying in vertical plane, not bifid or semicircular; 3rd peduncular segment with movable dorsodistal plate; dorsolateral flagellum stout, brush-like. Antennal peduncle seldom overreaching antennular peduncle, not armed with 3 strong ventral spines; antennal scale overreaching antennular peduncle, without lateral tooth near midlength or small movable lateral spines. Mandible without palp, with incisor process. First maxilliped with caridean lobe usually discrete from exopodal lash, epipod bilobate. Second maxilliped with terminal segment elongate triangular and applied somewhat diagonally to preceding segment, exopod not unusually wide. Third maxilliped with distal segment not flattened, with exopod, usually with epipod and coxal endite, without arthrobranch. Pereopods without exopods, epipods, or arthrobranchs. First pereopod with fingers shorter than palm, not terminating in interlocking spines, chela 1 to l as long as carpus, carpus not deeply excavate for reception of chela. Second pereopods symmetrical, fingers shorter than palm, carpus subdivided into 6 (or 7) articles. Third pereopod with dactyl and propodus prehensile in functional males. Fourth and 5th pereopods with dactyl not gradually tapering to acute apex, biunguiculate, armed with spines proximally on flexor margin, propodus not subdivided. Uropod with lateral margin of lateral branch terminating in fixed tooth with longer, movable spine mesial to it.

RANGE.—Pantroplcal from Red Sea and South Africa to Ascension Island, South Atlantic; to a depth of 58 meters. Thus far, the genus is unreported from the eastern Atlantic.

REMARKS.—There seems to be little doubt that the species described by Borradaile (1915:208) as Thor maldivensis and subsequently consistently recognized by that name cannot be accommodated in this genus. It differs from the type species and the other species assigned to the genus by (1) the presence of only a single tooth on the dorsal margin of the rostrum and none on the concave ventral margin, (2) six, rather than two to four, posterior spines on the telson, (3) grossly “sexually” dimorphic first pereopods, (4) two, rather than commonly three to six spines (proximal to the terminal pair) on the flexor margins of the dactyls of the fourth and fifth pereopods, and (5) most significantly, no vestige of an appendix masculina on the otherwise somewhat modified endopod of the second pleopod, rather than the prominent, densely setose appendix characteristic of Thor. The ten species remaining in that genus after this deduction may be distinguished by the following key.

Key to Species of Thor

93. Thor amboinensis (De Man, 1888)

Hippolyte amboinensis De Man, 1888:535 [type locality: Ambon, Indonesia].

Thor discosomatis Kemp, 1916:388, fig. 1, pl. 36: fig. 1 [type locality: Port Blair, Andaman Islands].

Thor amboinensis—Holthuis, 1947:50.—Chace, 1972:130, figs. 55, 56.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostral formula: 0–1 + 1––1. Carapace without supraorbital tooth, with anterolateral margin obscurely angulate, with minute pterygostomian tooth. Telson with inconspicuous mesial tooth on posterior margin, with 3 or 4 pairs of dorsolateral and 4 pairs of posterior spines. Antennular peduncle with blunt lateral projection near proximal end of stylocerite. Antennal scale with distolateral tooth not reaching level of distal margin of blade. First pereopod with chela not distinctly more slender than carpus, not tapered or strongly compressed, merus unarmed on flexor margin. Second pereopod with 3rd article of carpus longest. Fourth and 5th pereopods with dactyl 3 times as long as high, armed with 3 or 4 spines proximal to terminal pair, flexor member of that pair not clearly stouter than extensor member. Appendix masculina not overreaching endopod of 2nd pleopod. Egg size increasing in major diameter from 0.48 in newly laid egg to 0.70 at maturity. Maximum postorbital carapace length more than 2.3 mm.

RANGE.—Kenya, Madagascar, Bay of Bengal, Japan, Indonesia, and Caroline Islands, and the western Atlantic from Bermuda, Florida Keys, and Yucatan to Tobago; associated with sea anemones and corals. It is possible that direct comparison of Indo-Pacific and western Atlantic populations will eventually reveal characters by which the component specimens may be distinguished, especially if T. amboinensis should become popular in the aquarium trade.

94. Thor intermedius Holthuis, 1947

Thor intermedius Holthuis, 1947:14, 51, figs. 4–6 [type locality: “Sissie” near Misool, Indonesia; shore and reef].—Bruce, 1976, fig. 22D [rostrum].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostral formula: 1 + . Carapace without supraorbital tooth, with anterolateral margin rounded, without pterygostomian tooth. Telson rounded posteriorly, apparently without median tooth on posterior margin, with 1 pair of barely visible lateral spines on posterior of length, with 4 pairs of posterior spines. Antennular peduncle with lateral spinule near proximal end of stylocerite. Antennal scale with distolateral tooth not quite reaching level of distal margin of blade. First pereopod with chela distinctly more slender than carpus, with chela not tapered or strongly compressed, merus unarmed on flexor margin. Fourth and 5th pereopods with dactyl about 3 times as long as high, flexor member of terminal pair of spines not clearly stouter than extensor member. Postorbital carapace length about 2 mm.

RANGE.—Known only from the holotype from Indonesia.

95. Thor paschalis (Heller, 1862)

Hippolyte paschalis Heller, 1862b:276, pl. 3: fig. 24 [type locality: Red Sea].

Thor paschalis.—Kemp, 1914:94, pl. 1: figs. 6–10.—Holthuis, 1947:49.—Bruce, 1976: fig. 22B [rostrum].

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostral formula: 0 + 3–. Carapace without supraorbital tooth, with anterolateral margin rounded. Telson with inconspicuous mesial tooth on posterior margin, with 3 pairs of posterior spines. Antennular peduncle without lateral projection near proximal end of stylocerite. Antennal scale with distolateral tooth slightly overreaching blade. First pereopod with chela not distinctly more slender than carpus, not tapered or strongly compressed, merus unarmed on flexor margin. Second pereopod with 3rd article of carpus longest. Fourth and 5th pereopods with dactyl about 3 times as long as high, armed with 3 spines proximal to terminal pair, flexor member of that pair not clearly stouter than extensor member. Maximum postorbital carapace length more than 1.5 mm.

RANGE.—Because the older records of T. paschalis were made before the absence of a lateral projection on the stylocerite was adopted as a diagnostic character, the true distribution of the species is not yet fixed. It almost certainly occurs at least from the Red Sea to Japan, the Philippines, Indonesia, and the Mariana Islands.

96. Thor spinosus Boone, 1935

Thor spinosus Boone, 1935:192, pl. 52 [type locality: Bali, Indonesia].—Bruce, 1976:51, figs. 16–21, 23.

DIAGNOSIS.—Rostral formula: 0–1 + 2–. Carapace with distinct supraorbital tooth, with anterolateral margin rounded, without pterygostomian tooth. Telson with mesial tooth on posterior margin, with 3 pairs of dorsolateral and 2 pairs of posterior spines and 2 mesial pairs of plumose setae. Antennular peduncle with small erect lateral tooth near proximal end of stylocerite. Antennal scale with distolateral tooth not reaching level of distal margin of blade. First pereopod with chela not distinctly more slender than carpus, not tapered or strongly compressed, merus unarmed on flexor margin. Second pereopod with 3rd article of carpus longest. Fourth and 5th pereopods with dactyl stout, only twice as long as high, armed with 2–3 spines proximal to terminal pair, flexor member of that pair much stouter than extensor member. Appendix masculina not overreaching endopod of 2nd pleopod. Maximum postorbital carapace length nearly 3 mm.

RANGE.—Kenya, Seychelle Islands, Ryukyu Islands, and Indonesia; associated with corals.

*Tozeuma Stimpson, 1860

Tozeuma Stimpson, 1860:26 [type species, by monotypy: Tozeuma lanceolatum Stimpson, 1860:27; gender: neuter].

DIAGNOSIS.—Integument not rigid. Rostrum overreaching antennular peduncle, armed ventrally, rarely dorsally, with ventral blade, latter not projecting far posteroventrally between bases of antennulas, without tongue-like lobe extending ventrally from lateral carina. Carapace without dentate crest in midline at base of rostrum, without longitudinal lateral carinae, without appressed teeth on lateral surface, without abrupt depressions on frontal or orbital regions, without subocular tooth posterodorsal to orbital angle, latter not especially large, usually with antennal tooth, latter not basally articulated, without distinct hepatic tooth, branchiostegal margin not denticulate, with or without branchiostegal tooth, with or without pterygostomian tooth. Abdomen with 6th somite not armed with 7 strong spines, without plate articulated at posteroventral angle, pleuron not curving around base of uropod. Telson not tapering gradually to sharp point. Eyestalk movable, not concealed by carapace, cornea without ocellus. Antennular peduncle with stylocerite not usually lying in vertical plane, not bifid or semicircular; 2nd peduncular segment without sharp curved lateral tooth; 3rd peduncular segment without sharp tooth or movable dorsodistal plate; dorsolateral flagellum stout, brush-like. Antennal peduncle seldom overreaching antennular peduncle, not armed with 3 strong ventral spines; antennal scale overreaching antennular peduncle, without lateral tooth near midlength or small movable lateral spines. Mandible without palp or incisor process. First maxilliped with caridean lobe usually discrete from exopodal lash, epipod not bilobate. Second maxilliped with terminal segment broadly rounded, applied obliquely to preceding segment, exopod not unusually wide. Third maxilliped with distal segment flattened, without exopod, with arthrobranch but without epipod or coxal endite. Pereopods without exopods, epipods, or arthrobranchs. First pereopod with fingers shorter than palm, not terminating in interlocking spines, chela nearly 1 times as long as carpus, carpus not deeply excavate to receive chela. Second pereopods symmetrical, fingers shorter than palm, carpus subdivided into 3 articles. Third pereopod with dactyl and propodus not prehensile in functional males, dactyl usually tapering gradually to acute apex, armed with spines on flexor margin, propodus not subdivided. Uropod with lateral margin of lateral branch terminating in fixed tooth with movable spine mesial to it.

RANGE.—Red Sea and South Africa to Hong Kong, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand, and western Atlantic from Massachusetts to Bahia, Brazil; to a depth of 135 meters.

REMARKS.—The apparently substantial eastern Pacific and eastern Atlantic gaps in the otherwise pantropical distribution of Tozeuma, coupled with suggestive morphological variances, may one day be reflected in the generic classification. It is not beyond the realm of possibility that the genus Angasia may yet be resurrected for the aberrant species of Tozeuma. The type species of the latter genus, T. lanceolatum, and the probably closely related T. armatus have the telson tip deeply cleft, whereas T. pavoninum (the type species of Angasia) together with T. carolinense, T. elongatum, T. erythraeum, T. novaezealandiae, T. serratum, and T. tomentosum, seem to have the posterior margin of the telson transverse or slightly convex for insertion of the series of posterior spines; the configuration of the telson in the other two species (T. cornutum and T. kimberi) is unknown (the specimen of the former species from Saint John, Virgin Islands, mentioned by Chace (1972:141) is no longer immediately available for examination). The 11 species currently recognized in the genus may be identified from the following key.

Key to Species of Tozeuma

97. Tozeuma armatum Paulson, 1875

Tozeuma armatum Paulson, 1875:99, pl. 15: figs. 2–20 [type locality: Red Sea].

Angasia armata.—Holthuis, 1947:61, figs. 10, 11.

DIAGNOSIS.—Integument smooth, not hirsute. Rostrum less than twice as long as remainder of carapace, unarmed dorsally, armed ventrally with 10–30 teeth. Carapace without median tooth at base of rostrum, without supraocular tooth. Abdomen with somites 3–5 dentate posteromesially, 3rd somite with dorsal carina sharp, not flattened, without rod-like projection; 5th somite with 1 or 2 teeth on posterior margin of pleuron. Telson posteriorly bifid. Maximum postorbital carapace length 8.5 mm.

RANGE.—Red Sea, South Africa, Indian Ocean, Japan, Indonesia, and New Caledonia.

REMARKS.—See generic “Remarks.”

*98. Tozeuma lanceolatum Stimpson, 1860

FIGURE 29

Tozeuma lanceolatum Stimpson, 1860:27 [type locality: Hong Kong].—Bruce, 1990C:594, figs. 18–22.

DIAGNOSIS.—Integument smooth, not hirsute. Rostrum fully twice as long as remainder of carapace, unarmed dorsally, armed ventrally with 20–40 teeth. Carapace without dorsomesial tooth at base of rostrum, without supraocular tooth. Abdomen with somites 3–5 dentate posteriorly, 3rd somite with flattened dorsal “carina,” typically tridentate posteriorly, without rod-like projection, 5th somite with 2 teeth on posterior margin of pleuron. Telson posteriorly bifid. Ambulatory pereopods with dactyl simple, not biunguiculate, with series of spines on flexor margin. Maximum postorbital carapace length 11.0 mm.

MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Malampaya Sound, northwestern Palawan, sta 5342, 10°56′55″N, 119°17′24″E, 26–46 m, gray mud, 23 Dec 1908 (1435–1454), 9′ Tanner beam trawl: 1 ovig. female [10.0].—Surigao Strait, east of Leyte, sta 5483, 10°27′30″N, 125°19′15″E, 135 m, sand, broken shells, 30 Jul 1909 (1000–1021), 12′ Agassiz beam trawl: 1 female [9.3].

FIGURE 29.—Tozeuma lanceolatum, ovigerous female with carapace length of 10.0 mm from Albatross sta 5342: a, carapace and anterior appendages, left aspect; b, anterior carapace, left aspect; c, abdomen, left aspect.

RANGE.—Singapore, Hong Kong, Philippines; to 135 meters.

REMARKS.—See generic “Remarks.”

Both Philippine specimens lack the lateral teeth at the posterior end of the flattened dorsal carina of the third abdominal somite, but both of them show evidence of injury in that area resulting in damage to the median posterior tooth and that circumstance may be responsible for the loss of the lateral teeth as well.

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1935a. Atyidae of Southern Polynesia. Occasionnal Papers of Bernice P Bishop Museum. 11(3): 19 pages, 6 figures.

1935b. New and Rare Polynesian Crustacea. Occasional Papers of Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 10(24):3–40, figures 1–11, plates 1, 2.

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1853.   Notes on Some Little-known Marine Animals, 2. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 2, 12:153–159, plate 10.

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1887.   Sur quelques Decapodes macroures nouveaux du golfe de Marseille. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris. 105:1033–1035.

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1936.   Notes on Some Decapod Crustacea of Bermuda, III-V. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1936:619–630, plates 1–7.

1937.   Notes on Some Decapod Crustacea from the Red Sea, I: The Genus Processa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, series B. 107:85–98, plates 1–4.

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1835.   Descriptions of Some Species of Crustaceous Animals; with Illustrations and Remarks by J.O. Westwood. The Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology. Botany. Mineralogy. Geology, and Meteorology, 8:261–277, 394, 395, 549–553.

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1981.   The Cavernicolous Caridean Shrimps of Bermuda (Alpheidae, Hippolytidae, and Atyidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology. 1(3):441–456, figures 1–77.

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1930.   Some Decapods from the South-Eastern Shores of Vancouver Island. The Canadian Field-Naturalist, 44(5): 101–109, plate 1.

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1975a. The Indo-West Pacific Processidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea). Journal of the Shimonoseki University of Fisheries. 24(1):47–145, figures 1–35.

1975b. Hippolysmata grabhami Gordon, a Synonym of Lysmata amboinensis (De Man) (Decapoda, Caridea, Hippolytidae). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 22(5):285–296, figures 1–4, plate 5.

1979.   Studies on Hippolytid Shrimps from Japan, VII: The Genus Heptacarpus Holmes. Journal of Shimonoseki University of Fisheries, 28(1):11–32, figures 1–6.

1982.   The Central Pacific Shrimps of the Genus Hippolyte, with a Description of Two New Species (Decapoda, Caridea, Hippolytidae). Pacific Science, 35(3): 185–196, figures I–6.

1983.   Diagnose einer neuen Saron-Art (Saron inermis n. sp.) aus Indonesien. In H. Debelius, Gezpanzerte Meeresritter, page 117. Essen.

1984.   Diagnosis of Saron rectirostris sp. nov. from Indonesia. In H. Debelius, Armoured Knights of the Sea, page 116. Essen.

1989.   Saron rectirostris Hayashi and S. inermis Hayashi, Two Shrimps from Indonesia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Hippolytidae). Revue Francaise d'Aquariology et Herpetologie, 16:23–32, figures 1–8, photos 1–3.

1992.   Studies on the Hippolytid Shrimps from Japan, VIII: The Genus Lebbeus White. Journal of Shimonoseki University of Fisheries, 40(3): 107–138, figures 1–14.

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1989.   Heptacarpus igarashii sp. nov. from Northern Japan (Decapoda, Caridea, Hippolytidae). Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan. 44:71–76, figures 1–3.

Hayashi, K.-I., and S. Miyake

1968a. Three Caridean Shrimps Associated with a Medusa from Tanabe Bay, Japan. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory. 16(1): 11–19, figures 1–4.

1968b. Studies on the Hippolytid Shrimps from Japan, V: Hippolytid Fauna of the Sea around the Amakusa Marine Biological Laboratory. OHMU. 1(6): 121–163, figures 1–17.

1970.   Bathyhippolyte yaldwyni n. gen., n. sp., a Deepsea Hippolytid (Decapoda, Natantia) from New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand. Biological Sciences. 12(6):41–47, figures 1–16.

Healy. A., and J. Yaldwyn

1970.   Australian Crustaceans in Colour. 112 pages, 57 figures, 52 plates. Rutland, Vermont, and Tokyo, Japan: Charles E. Tuttle Company.

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1861.   Synopsis der im rothen Meere vorkommenden Crustaceen. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich Königlichen Zoologisch-botanisch Gesellschaft in Wien. 11:3–32.

1862a. Beiträge zur näheren Kenntniss der Macrouren. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, 45(1):389–426, plates 1, 2.

1862b. Beiträge zur Crustaceen-Fauna der rothen Meeres, 2. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. 44(1):241–295, plates 1–3.

1863.   Die Crustaceen des südlichen Europa, Crustacea Podophthalmia; Mit einer Übersicht über die horizontale Verbreitung sämmtlicher europäischer Arten. Pages l-xi, 1–336, plates 1–10.

1875.   Die Crustaceen, Pycnogoniden und Tunicaten der k.k. Österreichisch-Ungarischen Nordpol-Expedition. Denkschriftens Akademieder Wissenschaften. Vienna, 35:25–44, plates 1–5.

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1893.   A Contribution to Indian Carcinology. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, (2)5(1):325–458, plates 36–40.

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1879.   Die von Hrn. W. Peters in Moçambique gesammelten Crustaceen. Monatsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1878:782–852, plates 1–4.

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1902.   Crustacea. Report on the Collections of Natural History Made in the Antarctic Regions during the Voyage of the “Southern Cross,” 11:228–259, plates 29–40.

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1895.   Notes on West American Crustacea. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, series 2, 4:563–588, plates 20, 21.

1900.   Synopsis of California Stalk-eyed Crustacea. Occasionnal Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 7:1–262, figures 1–6, plates 1–4.

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1947.   The Hippolytidae and Rhynchocinetidae Collected by the Siboga and Snellius Expeditions with Remarks on Other Species. In The Decapoda of the Siboga Expedition, part IX. Siboga-Expeditie, 39as: 100 pages, 15 figures.

1948.   Note on Some Crustacea Decapoda Natantia from Surinam. Proceedings, Koninklijke Nederlansche Akademie van Wetenschappen, (C)51(9):1104–1113, figures 1–3.

1951.   The Caridean Crustacea of Tropical West Africa. Atlantide Report, 2:7–187, figures 1–34.

1952.   The Crustacea Decapoda Macrura of Chile. Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948–49, 5:1–110, figures 1–19.

1953.   On the Dates of Publication of W. de Haan's Volume on the Crustacea of P.F. von Siebold's “Fauna Japonica.” The Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History, 3(1):36–47, 1 portrait.

1955.   The Recent Genera of the Caridean and Stenopodidean Shrimps (Class Crustacea: Order Decapoda: Supersection Natantia) with Keys for Their Determination. Zoologische Verhandelingen Uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden, 26: 157 pages, 105 figures. [See Holthuis (1993) for greatly revised and expanded edition.]

1958.   Contributions to New Guinea Carcinology, II: On Merguia oligodon (De Man). Nova Guinea, new series, 9(2):231–234, figures 1, 2.

1959.   The Crustacea Decapoda of Suriname (Dutch Guiana). Zoologische Verhandelingen door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden, 44:296 pages, 68 figures, 2 maps, 16 plates.

1961.   A New Species of Merhippolyte (Decapoda Natantia from East American Waters. Crustaceana, 2(1): 1–5, figure 1.

1965.   The Atyidae of Madagascar. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, series A (Zoologie), 33(1): 48 pages, figures 1–17.

1970.   Études hydrobiologiques en Nouvelle-Calédonia (Mission 1965 du Premier Institut de Zoologie de l'Universite de Vienne), IX: The Freshwater Shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Natantia) of New Caledonia. Cahiers O.R.S.T.O.M., Serie Hydrobiologique, 3(2):87-108, figures 1–4.

1973.   Caridean Shrimps Found in Land-locked Pools at Four Indo-West Pacific Localities (Sinai Peninsula, Funafuti Atoll, Maui and Hawaii Islands), with the Description of One New Genus and Four New Species. Zoologische Verhandelingen Uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden, 128:1–48, figures 1–13, platess 1–7.

1977.   The Mediterranean Decapod and Stomatopod Crustacea in A. Risso's Published Works and Manuscripts. Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Nice, 5:37–88, plates 1–7.

1978a. A Collection of Decapod Crustacea from Sumba, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. Zoologische Verhandelingen Uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden, 162:1–55, figures 1–14, plate 1.

1978b. Zoological Results of the British Speleological Expedition to Papua New Guinea 1975, 7: Cavernicolous Shrimps (Crustacea Decapoda, Natantia) from New Ireland and the Philippines. Zoologische Mededelingen Uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden, 53(19):209–224, figures 1–66.

1979.   H. Milne Edward's “Histoire naturelle des Crustacés” (1834–1840) and Its Dates of Publication. Zoologische Mededelingen, Uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden, 53(27):285–296.

1986.   A New Genus and Species of Subterranean Shrimp from Western Australia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae). Zoologische Mededelingen Uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden, 60(7): 103–111, figures 1, 2.

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1967.   A New Species of Shrimp, Rhynchocinetes hiatti (Crustacea, Decapoda). Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 40(3); 161–170, figures 1, 2.

Holthuis, L.B., and C. Maurin

1952.   Note sur Lysmata uncicornis nov. spec. et sur deux autres espèces intéressantes de Crustacés Décapodes Macroures de la cote Atlantique du Maroc. Proceedings, Koninklijke Nederlansche Akademie van Wetenschappen, (C)55(2): 197–202, figures 1, 2.

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1851.   Catalogo dei Crostacei Italiani e di Molti Altri del Mediterraneo. 48 pages, 2 figures. Napoli.

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1983.   Heptacarpus pugettensis, a New Hippolytid Shrimp from Puget Sound, Washington. Journal of Crustacean Biology. 3(2):314–320, figures 1–3.

1987.   A New Species of the Genus Lebbeus (Caridea: Hippolytidae) from the Northeastern Pacific. Southern California Academy of Sciences Bulletin, 86(2):89–94, figures 1–3.

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1906.   Preliminary Descriptions of Two New Species of Carida from the West Coast of Ireland. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 17:297–300.

1914.   Notes on Crustacea Decapoda in the Indian Museum, V: Hippolytidae. Records of the Indian Museum, 10, 2(4):81–129, plates 1–7.

1916.   Notes on Crustacea Decapoda in the Indian Museum, VII: Further Notes on Hippolytidae. Records of the Indian Museum, 12:385–405, figures 1–5, plate 36.

1925.   Notes on Crustacea Decapoda in the Indian Museum, XVII: On Various Caridea. Records of the Indian Museum, 27(4):249–343, figures 1–24.

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1912.   Notes on Decapoda in the Indian Museum, III: The Species Obtained by R.I.M.S.S. “Investigator” during the Survey Season 1910–11. Records of the Indian Museum, 7(part I, no. 2): 15–32, 1 unnumbered figure, plate 1.

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1970.   Some Decapod Crustacea from Northern South West Africa, Including a New Species of Hippolyte. Cimbebasia, series A 1(8): 179–188, figures 1, 2.

1983.   Biogeographical Relationships of Some Southern African Benthic Crustacea. In James K. Lowry, editor, Papers from the Conference on the Biology and Evolution of Crustacea Held at the Australian Museum, Sydney, 1980. Australian Museum Memoir, 18:173–181.

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1987.   Deepwater Decapod Crustacea from Eastern Australia (Penaeidea and Caridea). Records of the Australian Museum, 39:263–331, frontispiece+ figures 1–25.

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1858.   Remarks on the Habits and Distribution of Marine Crustacea on the Eastern Shores of Port Philip, Victoria, Australia; with Descriptions of Undescribed Species and Genera. Journal of the Royal Dublin Society, 1:111–134, plates 3, 4.

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1878a. List of the North American Crustacea Belonging to the Sub-order Caridea. Bulletin of the Essex Institute. 10(4, 5, 6):53–71.

1878b. Notes on the North American Caridea in the Museum of the Peabody Academy of Science at Salem, Mass. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1878:89–98.

1880.   On a Collection of Crustacea from Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida, with a Revision of the Genera of Crangonidae and Palaemonidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1879 [1880]:383–427, plate 14.

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1935.   Beschreibung neuer Dekapoden-Formen aus dem Japanischen Meer. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 112():85–92, figures 1–4.

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1962.   Some Rare and New Species of Decapods, Malacostraca from Kurile Islands. Investigations in Far East Seas USSR. 8:243–247.

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1942.   On Two New Species of Decapoda Macrura. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 21(1):30–38, figures 1–5.

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1901.   On the Crustacea Collected during the “Skeat” Expedition to the Malay Peninsula, Together with a Note on the Genus Actaeopsis. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1901:534–574, plates 33, 34.

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1806.   Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum secundum Ordinem naturalem in Families disposita, Iconibus Exemplisque plurimis explicata. Volume 1, xviii + 302 pages, 16 plates.

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1930.   The Larval Stages of Caridion, with a Description of a New Species, C. steveni. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1930:181–194, plates 1–8.

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1921.   A New Species of Spirontocaris with Notes on Other Species from the Atlantic Coast. Transactions of Royal Canadian Institute, 13(4):133–145, plates 1–6.

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1850.   Bidrag till den hög-nordiska hafsfaunan. Öefversigt Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademie Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 7:82–88.

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1877.   Remarks on the Crustacea of the Pacific Coast, with Descriptions of Some New Species. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 7(1):28–36.

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1846.   Crustacés, Arachnides, Myriopodes et Hexapodes: Exploration scientifique de l'Algérie pendant les anées 1840, 1841, 1842; Science physiques, Zoologie I. Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés, 1:1–403, plates 1–8.

Maciolek, J.A.

1983.   Distribution and Biology of Indo-Pacific Insular Hypogeal Shrimps. Bulletin of Marine Science, 33(3):606–618, figures 1, 2.

Makarov, W.W.

1935.   Beschreibung neuer Dekapoden-Formen aus den Meeren des Fernen Ostens. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 109:319–325, figures 1–4.

1941.   The Decapod Crustacea of the Bering and Chuckchees Seas. Investigations of the Far East Seas of USSR, Academy of Sciences of USSR, 1:111–163.

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1971.   Shrimps of the Family Processidae from the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 89: 41 pages, 19 figures.

1990.   Decapod and Stomatopod Crustacea from Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 503: i–vi + 99 pages, 25 figures.

Manning, R.B., and C.W. Hart, Jr.

1984.   The Status of the Hippolytid Shrimp Genera Barbouria and Ligur (Crustacea: Decapoda): A Reevaluation. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 97(3):655–665, figures 1–6.

Manning, R.B., and L.B. Holthuis

1981.   West African Brachyuran Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 306: xii + 379 pages, 88 figures.

Miers, E.J.

1876.   Catalogue of the Stalk- and Sessile-eyed Crustacea of New Zealand. xii + 136 pages, 3 plates. London.

1882.   Notes on a Freshwater Macrurous Crustacean from Japan (Atyaephyra ? compressa, De Haan ?). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 5, 9:193–195.

Millet, P.A.

1831.   Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Crustacé, l'Hippolyte de Desmarest. Mémoires de Société d'Agriculture et Science d'Angers, 1:55–57.

Milne-Edwards, A.

1878.   Description de quelques espèces nouvelles de Crustacés provenant du voyage aux iles du Cap-Vert de MM. Bouvier et de Cessac. Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris, series 7, 2:225–232.

1881.   Description de quelques Crustacés Macroures provenant des grandes profondeurs de la mer des Antilles. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, series 6, 11(4):1–16.

1891.   Crustaces. Mission scientifique du Cap Horn 1882–1883, volume 6, Zoology, part 2F:1–54, plates 1–7.

Milne Edwards, H.

1834.   Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, comprenant l'anatomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces animaux. Volume 1, xxxv + 468 pages. Paris.

1834–1840. Histoire naturelle des Crustacés. Atlas, 32 pages, 44 plates. [See Holthuis, 1979, for dates of publication.]

1836–1844. Les Crustacés. In G. Cuvier, Le Règne Animal, distribuè d'après son organisation, pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparée. 278 pages, atlas, 80 plates. Paris. [See C.F. Cowan (1976:60) or Manning and Holthuis (1981:369) for the dates of the 23 issues of this work.]

1837.   Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, Comprenant l'Anatomie, la Physiologie et la Classification de ces Animaux. Volume 2, pages 1–532. Paris: Libraire Encyclopedique de Roret.

Miyake, S., and K.-I. Hayashi

1966.   Some Hippolytid Shrimps Living in Coral Reefs of the West Pacific. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 14(1):143–160, figures 1–10.

1967.   Studies on the Hippolytid Shrimps from Japan, 1: Revision of the Japanese Species of the Genus Eualus, with Descriptions of Two New Species. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 14(2):247–265, figures 1–7.

Molander, A.R.

1914.   Two New Species of Decapods. Arkiv for Zoologi, 9(6): 1–7, plate 1.

Monod, T.

1931.   Inventaire des Manuscrits de Risso conservés à la Bibliothèque du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Archives du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, series 6, 7:103–132, figures 1–10.

1968.   Nouvelle capture du Ligur uveae (Borradaile) aux Iles Loyalty. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, series 7, 40(4):772–778, figures 1–8.

1969.   Sur quatre crevettes de Nouméa (Nouvelle Caledonie). Cahiers du Pacifique, 13:191–222, figures 1–73.

Montagu, G.

1808.   Description of Several Marine Animals Found on the South Coast of Devonshire. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 9:81–114, plates 2–8.

Nardo, G.D.

1847.   Sinonimia moderna delle specie registrate nell'opera intitolata; Descrizione de'Crostacei, de'Testacei e de'Pesci che abitano le lagune e golfo Veneto rappresentati in figure, a chiaro-scuro ed a colori dall’ Abate Stefano Chiereghini Ven. Clodiense applicata per commissione governativa, xi + 127 pages. Venice.

1869.   Annotazioni illustranti cinquantaquattro specie di Crostacei podottalmi, endottalmi e succhiatori del Mare Adriatico, alcune delle quali nuove o male conosciute, accompagnate da trentatre figure litografate, e precedute dalla storia della carcinologia Adriatica antica e recente. Memorie del R. Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Art, 14(2):217–343, plates 12–15. [Pages 1–127, plates 1–4 on reprint, 1869.]

Neumann, R.

1878.   Systematische Uebersicht der Gattungen der Oxyrhynchen; Catalog der Podophthalmen Crustaceen des Heidelberger Museums. Beschreibung einiger neuer Arten. Inaugural dissertation, pages 1–39. Leipzig.

Newport, G.

1847.   Note on the Genus Atya of Leach, with Descriptions of Four Apparently New Species, in the Cabinets of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 19:158–160, plate 8, figure 1.

Nobili, G.

1899.   Contribuzioni alla conoscenza della fauna carcinologica della Papuasia, delle Molucche e dell’ Australia. Annali di Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, series 2, 40:230–282.

1900.   Decapodi e Stomatopodi Indo-Malesi. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, series 2a, 20(40):473–523, figures 1–4.

1903.   Contributo alla fauna carcinologica di Borneo. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Universita di Torino, 18(447):1–32, figures 1–3.

1904.   Diagnoses préliminaires de vingt-huit espèces nouvelles de Stomatopodes et Décapodes Macroures de la Mer Rouge. Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 10:228–238.

1905a. Decapodi e Isopodi della Nuova Guinea Tedesca raccolti dal Sign. L. Biro. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 3:480–507, plates 12, 13.

1905b. Crostacei di Zanzibar. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Universita di Torino, 20(506):1–12, figure 1.

1905c. Diagnoses preliminaires de 34 espèces et variétés nouvelles, et de 2 genres nouveaux de Décapodes de la Mer Rouge. Bulletin du Muséum d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 11:393–411, figures 1, 2.

1905d. Decapodes nouveaux des côtes d'Arabie et du Golfe Persique. (Diagnoses préliminaires.) Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 11:158–164, figure.

1906.   Mission J. Bonnier et Ch. Pérez (Golfe Persique, 1901); Crustacés Decapodes et Stomatopodes. Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, 40:13–159, figures 1–3, plates 2–7.

Noël, P.

1978.   Eualus drachi nov. sp. (Crustacea, Caridea, Hippolytidae) des côtes francaise de la Mediterranée. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale, Paris, 119(1):21–38, figures 1, 2.

1986.   Crustacés Décapodes: Processidae de l'Indo-Ouest-Pacifique. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, series A, Zoologie, 133:261–301, figures 1–19.

Nomura, K., and K.-I. Hayashi

1992.   Rhynchocinetes striatus, a New Species (Decapoda, Caridea, Rhynchocinetidae) from Southern Japan. Zoological Science (Japan), 9:199–206, figures 1–4.

Norman, A.M.

1861.   Contributions to British Carcinology, I: Characters of Undescribed Podophthalmia and Entomostraca. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 3, 8:273–281, plates 13, 14.

1862.   On the Crustacea, Echinodermata, and Zoophytes Obtained in Deep-sea Dredging off the Shetland Isles in 1861. Reports of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 31(2):151, 152.

1867.   On the Crustacea, Echinodermata, Polyzoa, Actinozoa, and Hydrozoa; Report of the Committee Appointed for the Purpose of Exploring the Coasts of the Hebrides by Means of the Dredge, Part II. Reports of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 36(1):193–206.

Nouvel, H., and L.B. Holthuis

1957.   Les Processidae (Crustacea Decapoda Natantia) des eaux europeenes. Zoologische Verhandelingen Uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden, 32: 53 pages, 220 figures.

Okuno, J.

1994a. A New Species of Hinge-beak Shrimp from the Western Pacific (Crustacea, Decapoda, Rhynchocinetidae). The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Arts Galleries of the Northern Territory, 11:29–37, figures 1–4, plate 1.

1994b. Rhynchocinetes concolor, a New Shrimp (Caridea: Rhynchocinetidae) from the Indo-West Pacific. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 52:65–74, figures 1–4.

Okuno, J., and M. Takeda

1992a. Description of a New Hinge-beak Shrimp, Rhynchocinetes conspiciocellus, from Southern Japan, with Designation of the Lectotype of R. uritai Kubo, 1942. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Series A (Zoology), 18(2):63–72, figures 1–5, plate 1.

1992b. Distinction between Two Hinge-beak Shrimps, Rhynchocinetes durbanensis Gordon and R. uritai Kubo (Family Rhynchocinetidae). Revue Francaise Aquariologie, 19(3):85–90, figures 1–8.

Olivier, A.C.

1811.   Palaemon: Palaemon. In Olivier, Encyclopédie méthodique: Histoire naturelle: Insectes, 8:652–667.

Ortmann, A.

1890.   Die Unterordnung Natantia Boas: Die Decapoden-Krebse des Strassburger Museums, mit Besonderer Berücksichtung der von Herrn Dr. Döderlein bei Japan und bei den Liu-Kiu-Inseln gesammelten und z. Z. im Strassburger Museum aufbewahrten Formen, I. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abtheilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 5:437–542, plates 36, 37.

1893.   Decapoden und Schizopoden der Plankton-Expedition. Ergebnisse der in dem Atlantischen Ocean von Mitte Juli bis Anfang November 1889 ausgeführten Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung, 2(GGb): 120 pages, 10 plates.

1894.   Crustaceen. In R. Semon, Zoologische Forschungreisen in Australien und dem Malayischen Archipel, V. Denkschriften Medizinisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft zu Jena, 8:3–80, plates 1–3.

1895.   A Study of the Systematic and Geographical Distribution of the Decapod Family Atyidae Kingsley. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 46(1894):397–416.

1896.   Das System der Decapoden Krebse. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 9:409–453.

Otto, A.W.

1828.   Beschreibung einiger neuen, in den Jahren 1818 und 1819 im Mittellandischen Meere gefundener Crustaceen. Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae, 14:331–354, plates 20–27.

Owen, R.

1839.   Crustacea. In The Zoology of Captain Beechey's Voyage; Compiled from the Collections and Notes Made by Captain Beechey, the Officers and Naturalist of the Expedition, during a Voyage to the Pacific and Behring Straits Performed in His Majesty's Ship Blossom, under the Command of Captain F.W. Beechey, R.N., F.R.S., &c., in the Years 1828, 26, 27, and 28, pages 77–97, plates 24–28.

Parisi, B.

1919.   I Decapodi Giapponesi del Museo di Milano, VII: Natantia. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 58:59–99, figures 1–8, plates 3–6.

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1875.   Podophthalmata i Edriophthalmata (Cumacea). Izsledovaniya Rakoobraznykh Krasnago Morya s Zametkami Otnositel'no Rakoobraznykh Drugikh Morie, xiv + 144 pages, 21 plates. Kiev. [English translation: Podophthalmata and Edriophthalmata (Cumacea), Part I. In Studies on Crustacea of the Red Sea with Notes Regarding Other Seas. 134 pages, 21 plates. Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 1961. Published for the National Science Foundation and Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.]

Pearson, J.

1905.   Report on the Macrura Collected by Professor Herdman at Ceylon, in 1902; Supplementary Report 24. In W.A. Herdman, Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar, 4:65–92, plates 1, 2.

Pequegnat, L.H.

1970.   Contributions on the Biology of the Gulf of Mexico, 4: Deep-Sea Caridean Shrimps with Descriptions of Six New Species. Texas A&M University Oceanographic Studies, 1:59–123, figures 4–1 to 4–17.

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1886.   Mollusken, Krebse und Echinodermen von Cumberland-Sund nach der Ausbeute der deutschen Nordexpedition 1882 und 1883. Jahrbüch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 3:23–50, 1 plate.

1887.   Die Krebse von Sud-Georgien nach der Ausbeute der Deutschen Station 1881–83, 1. Theil. Jahrbüch der Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten zu Hamburg, 4:41–150, plates 1–7.

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1814.   Précis des découvertes et travaux somiologiques de Mr. C.S. Rafinesque-Schmaltz, entre 1800 et 1814, ou Choix raisonné de ses principales Découvertes en Zoologie et en Botanique, pour servir d'introduction à ses ouvrages futurs. 35 pages. Palermo.

1815.   Analyse de la Nature ou Tableau de l'Univers et des corps organisés. 224 pages. Palermo. [An English translation was published in 1990, by A.J. Cain in Tryonia, Philadelphia, 20:104–218.]

1817.   Synopsis of Four New Genera and Ten New Species of Crustacea Found in the United States. American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review, 2:40–43.

Randall, J.W.

1840.   Catalogue of the Crustacea Brought by Thomas Nuttall and J.K. Townsend, from the West Coast of North America and the Sandwich Islands, with Descriptions of Such Species as Are Apparently New, among Which Are Included Several Species of Different Localities, Previously Existing in the Collection of the Academy. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 8:106–147, plates 3–7.

Rathbun, M.J.

1897.   A Revision of the Nomenclature of the Brachyura. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 11:153–167.

1899.   List of Crustacea Known to Occur on and near the Pribilof Islands. In D.S. Jordan, The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of the North Pacific Ocean, volume 3, pages 555–557.

1900.   Results of the Branner-Agassiz Expedition to Brazil, Part I: The Decapod and Stomatopod Crustacea. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 2:133–156, plate 8.

1901.   The Brachyura and Macrura of Porto Rico. [Preprint from] U.S. Fish Commission Bulletin for 1900 [1902], 20(2):1–127, 129*–137* [*preprint index], figures 1–24, plates 1, 2.

1902a. Descriptions of New Decapod Crustaceans from the West Coast of North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 24:885–905.

1902b. Japanese Stalk-eyed Crustaceans. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 26:23–55, figures 1–24.

1906.   The Brachyura and Macrura of the Hawaiian Islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 1903, 23(3):827–930 [preprint, earlier in 1906, with added index, pages i–viii], figures 1–79, plates 1–24.

1907.   South American Crustacea. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 11:45–50, fig. 1, plates 2, 3.

1912.   Some Cuban Crustacea: With Notes on the Astacidae, by Walter Faxon, and a List of Isopods, by Harriet Richardson. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 54(15):449–460, plates 1–5.

Rathke, H.

1843.   Beiträge zur Fauna Norwegens. Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae, 20(1):1–264, 264b, 264c, plates 1–12.

Reish, D.J.

1972.   Marine Life of Southern California. Pages i–vii + 1–164, 447 figures.

Retovskiy, L.O.

1946.   New Species of Crustacea Decapoda from the Arctic Ocean. Trudy Dreifuiushehei Ekspeditsii, 1937–1940, 3:298–301, figures 1, 2.

Risso, A.

1816.   Histoire naturelle des Crustacés des environs de Nice. 175 pages, 3 plates. Paris: Librairie Greque-Latine-Allemande.

1827.   Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et les Alpes Maritimes. Volume 5, vii + 403 pages, 62 figures, 10 unnumbered plates.

1844.   Crustacés. In Nouveau guide du voyageur dans Nice. Second edition, pages 93–99.

Roemer, F.A.

1840–1841. Die Versteinerungen des Norddeutschen Kreidegebirges. 1v, 145 pages, 16 plates. Hannover.

Ross, J.C.

1835.   Account of the Objects in the Several Departments of Natural History, Seen and Discovered during the Present Expedition. In Narrative of a Second Voyage in Search of a North-west Passage, and of a Residence in the Arctic Regions during the Years 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, Including the Reports of Commander…Ross…and the Discovery of the Northern Magnetic Pole, appendix, pages lxxxi–c, plates B, C. London: A.W. Webster.

Roux, J.

1904.   Décapodes d'eau douce de Célèbes (Genres Caridina et Potamon). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 12(3):539–572, plate 9.

1911.   Nouvelles espèces de décapodes d'eau douce provenant de Papouasie. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 33:81–106, figures 1–5.

1915.   La famille des Atyidae. Actes de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles, 1915(2):225, 226.

1919.   Süsswasserdekapoden von den Aru- und Kei-Inseln. Abhandlungender Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 35:317–351, figures a, b.

1925.   Über einige Süsswasserdekapoden (Atyidae) des Berliner Zoologischen Museums. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 62:145–154.

1926.   Crustacés décapodes d'eau douce de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. In F. Sarasin and J. Roux, editors, Nova Caledonia. Zoologie, 4(2):181–240, 56 figures. Munich: C.W. Kreidel's Verlag.

1928.   Notes carcinologiques de l'Archipel indo-australien, I: Décapodes macroures d'eau douce de l'Archipel indo-australien. Treubia, 10(2–3):197–216, figures 1–9, 1–4.

Roux, P.

1831.   Mémoire sur la classification des Crustacés de la tribu des Salicoques. 39 pages, 4 tables. Marseilles.

1833.   Lettre relative à divers Coquilles, Crustacés, Insectes, Reptiles et Oiseaux, observés en Égypte. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 28:72–78, plate 7.

Sabine, J.

1824.   Invertebrate Animals. In W.E. Parry, Journal of a Voyage for the Discovery of a North-West Passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific; Performed in the Years 1819–20, in H.M. Ships Hecla and Griper, appendix X, pages ccxix–ccxxxix.

Sarato, C.

1885.   Études sur les Crustacés de Nice. Moniteur des Étrangers Nice, 9(222):2.

Sars, G.O.

1870.   Nye Dybvandscrustaceer fra Lofoten. Forhandlinger I Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania, 1869[1870]:147–174.

1879.   Crustacea et Pycnogonida nova in itinere 2do et 3tio expeditionis Norvegicae anno 1877 & 78 collecta. (Prodromus descriptionis). Archiv for Mathematik og Naturvidenskab, 2:427–476.

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1868.   Fortsatte Bemaerkninger over det dyriske Livs Udbredning i Havets Dybder. Forhandlinger Videnskabs-Selskabet Christiania, 1868:246–275.

Schenkel, E.

1902.   Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Dekapodenfauna von Celebes. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 13:485–585, plates 7–13.

Schmitt, W.L.

1921.   The Marine Decapod Crustacea of California with Special Reference to the Decapod Crustacea Collected by the United States Bureau of Fisheries Steamer “Albatross” in Connection with the Biological Survey of San Francisco Bay during the Years 1912–1913. University of California Publications in Zoology, 23:1–359, figures 1–165, plates 1–50.

1924a. The Macruran, Anomuran and Stomatopod Crustacea. In Bijdragen Tot de Kennis der Fauna van Curaçao; Resultaten Eener Reis van Dr. C.J. van der Horst in 1920. Bijdragen Tot de Dierkunde Uitgegeven door het Koninklijk Zoologisch Genootschap Natura Artis Magistra te Amsterdam, 23:61–81, figures 1–7, plate 8.

1924b. The Macrura and Anomura Collected by the Williams Galapagos Expedition, 1923. Zoologica (New York), 5(15):161–171, figures 39–41.

1926.   Report on the Crustacea Macrura (Families Peneidae, Campylonotidae and Pandalidae) Obtained by the F.I.S. “Endeavour” in Australian Seas, with Notes on the Species of “Penaeus” Described by Haswell and Contained, in Part, in the Collections of the Macleay Museum, at the University of Sydney. Biological Results of the Fishing Experiments Carried on by the F.I.S. “Endeavour” 1909–14, 5(6):311–381, plates 57–68, 2 maps (+ 2 unnumbered pages of “Corrigenda et Addenda”).

Smith, S.I.

1873.   Crustacea. In A.E. Verrill, S.I. Smith, and O. Harger, Catalogue of the Marine Invertebrate Animals of the Southern Coast of New England, and Adjacent Waters. In A.E. Verrill, Report upon the Invertebrate Animals of Vineyard Sound and Adjacent Waters, with an Account of the Physical Characters of the Region. Report of the Commissioner for 1871 and 1872, United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, 1:545–580, plates 1–9.

1885.   On Some New or Little Known Decapod Crustacea, from Recent Fish Commission Dredgings off the East Coast of the United States. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 7:493–511.

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1982.   Pacific Plate Biogeography, with Special Reference to Shorefishes. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 367: iii + 182 pages, 65 figures.

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1990.   Decapod Crustacea of the Atlantic Coast of Canada. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 221: i–viii + 1–532, figures 1–269.

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1905.   South African Crustacea, Part III. Marine Investigations in South Africa, 4;:21–123, plates (Crustacea) 17–26.

1914.   Stalk-eyed Crustacea Malacostraca of the Scottish Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 50(2):253–307, plates 23–32.

1915.   South African Crustacea (Part VIII of S.A. Crustacea, for the Marine Investigations in South Africa). Annals of the South African Museum, 15(2):57–104, plates 13–25. [Plates 77–89 of Crustacea.]

1917.   The Malacostraca of Natal. Annals of the Durban Museum, 2:1–33, plates 1–6.

1919.   Some Crustacea of Natal. Annals of the Durban Museum, 2(3):119–125, plates 18–200.

1921a. Some Crustacea of Natal. Annals of the Durban Museum, 3(1):12–26, plates 1–5.

1921b. Preliminary Account of Supposed New Genus and Species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 9, 8:626.

Stimpson, W.

1857.   On the Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific Shores of North America. Boston Journal of Natural History, 6(4):444–532, plates 18–23.

1860.   Crustacea Macrura. In Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit, part VIII. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1860(January):22–47.

1864.   Descriptions of New Species of Marine Invertebrates from Puget Sound, Collected by the Naturalist of the North-west Boundary Commission, A.H. Campbell, Esq., Commissioner. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1864: 153–161.

1866.   Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Macrurous Crustacea from the Coasts of North America. Proceedings of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, 1:46–48.

1871.   Notes on North American Crustacea, in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, III. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History in New York, 10:92–136.

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1891a. Über einige neue indopacifische Crustaceen (Vorläufige Mittheilung). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 14(359):96–103.

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