Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kenneth L. Tanaka, U.S. Geological Survey, Geologist Publication_Date: 2014 Title: Geologic Map of Mars, 20M (SIM 3292) Edition: 1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: SIM 3292 Other_Citation_Details: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3292 Description: Abstract: This new global geologic map of Mars, which records the distribution of geologic units and landforms on the planet's surface through time, is based on unprecedented variety, quality, and quantity of remotely sensed data acquired since the Viking Orbiters. These data have provided morphologic, topographic, spectral, thermophysical, radar sounding, and other observations for integration, analysis, and interpretation in support of geologic mapping. In particular, the precise topographic mapping now available has enabled consistent morphologic portrayal of the surface for global mapping (whereas previously used visual-range image bases were less effective, because they combined morphologic and albedo information and, locally, atmospheric haze). Also, thermal infrared image bases used for the new map tended to be less affected by atmospheric haze and thus are reliable for analysis of surface morphology and texture at even higher resolution than the topographic products. Purpose: To produce an up-to-date global geologic map for Mars using modern bases including the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) digital elevation model (DEM) (463 m/pixel resolution at lower latitudes to 115 m/pixel near the poles) (Smith and others, 2001) and the Mars Odyssey (ODY) Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) daytime infrared (IR) image mosaic (100 m/pixel) (Christensen and others, 2004). Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -180.0 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 180.0 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 90.0 South_Bounding_Coordinate: -90.0 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA Theme_Keyword: Geology, Structure, Scientific Investigations Map, Contacts, Craters, Nomenclature Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Categories Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: structure Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Mars, Global Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword: Early, Middle, and Late Noachian; Early and Late Hesperian; and Early, Middle, and Late Amazonian Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: please cite authors. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: James A. Skinner Jr. Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: physical Address: 2255 North Gemini Drive City: Flagstaff State_or_Province: AZ Postal_Code: 86001 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 928-556-7100 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jskinner@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: Reference: K.L. Tanaka, J.A. Skinner, Jr., J.M. Dohm, R.P. Irwin, III, E.J. Kolb, C.M. Fortezzo, Thomas Platz, G.G. Michael, and T.M. Hare, 2014, Geologic Map of Mars, Scale 1:20,000,000, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map SIM 3292, http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3292 Security_Information: Security_Classification_System: none Security_Classification: Unclassified Security_Handling_Description: none Native_Data_Set_Environment: Esri ArcGIS 10.0 Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: For the digital product presented herein, we used Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) dataset to register the geologic map. The average accuracy of each point is originally ~100 meters in horizontal position and ~1 meter in radius (Neumann and others, 2003). However, the total elevation uncertainty is at least ±3 m due to the global error in the areoid (±1.8 meters) and regional uncertainties in its shape. The digital lines were drawn at approximately 1:2M scale. Completeness_Report: Geologic layers are horizontally tied to MOLA at a 1:20M scale. MOLA is horizontally accurate to the surface of Mars at 100 meters. Information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy and completeness and the opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. As every effort is made to provide accurate information in this database, USGS would appreciate it if users could call to our attention any errors that may occur by communicating with the contact person. Lineage: Source_Scale_Denominator: 463 Type_of_Source_Media: onLine Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Mars Orbiter Laser AltimeterExperiment summary after the first year of global mapping of Mars Source_Contribution: The MOLA-derived shaded relief image used for the base represents more than 600 million single altimeter measurements gathered between 1999 and 2001, adjusted for consistency and converted to planetary radii values. Using these values, elevations above the areoid were determined from the Martian gravity field solution GMM-2B (Lemoine and others, 2001). The average accuracy of each point is originally ~100 m in horizontal position and ~1 m in radius (Neumann and others, 2001). However, the total elevation uncertainty is at least ±3 m due to the global error in the areoid (±1.8 m) and regional uncertainties in its shape. The measurements were converted into a digital elevation model (DEM) using Generic Mapping Tools software, with a resolution of 128 pixels/degree (or 463 m/pixel at the equator). A shaded relief image was generated from the DEM with a sun angle of 45 degrees from horizontal and a sun azimuth of 335 degrees, as measured clockwise from north. The artificially illuminated MOLA DEM serves as the base for the printed geologic map. To provide a true global view on a single map sheet, Robinson projection was selected at 1:20,000,000 scale. Polar regions (greater than 70 degrees N.) are represented in stereographic projection. The printed map scale forms the basis for determining the digital mapping parameters and the minimum size of mappable features, as discussed in the Mapping Methods section. see SIM 3292 Pamphlet. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Source_Scale_Denominator: 100 Citation_Information: Publication_Date: 20021206 Title: The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) for the Mars 2001 Odyssey mission Edition: 1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Space Science Reviews Issue_Identification: 110 Online_Linkage: http://www.mars.asu.edu/christensen/docs/christensen_themis_ssr.pdf Type_of_Source_Media: onLine Source_Citation_Abbreviation: The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) for the Mars 2001 Odyssey mission Source_Contribution: The THEMIS daytime and nighttime IR 100 m/pixel global mosaics (version 11; credit: Christensen, P.R., N.S. Gorelick, G.L. Mehall, and K.C. Murray, THEMIS Public Data Releases, Planetary Data System node, Arizona State University, http://themis-data.asu.edu) represent thermal infrared energy emitted in nine wavelength bands, which relate to the temperature and emissivity of the surface (Christensen and others, 2004; Edwards and others, 2011). See SIM 3292 Pamphlet. Process_Step: Process_Description: We used the Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (Redlands, CA) ArcGIS software package to co-register and analyze available datasets. Simple Cylindrical versions of MOLA and THEMIS IR mapping bases were created in lossless GeoJPEG2000 format. For consistency and legibility at map scale, we defined drafting parameters within our digital GIS environment. First, the vertex spacing of drafted linework was set at 5 km (i.e., 4 vertices per millimeter at 1:20,000,000 scale), which provides sufficient detail and curve rounding when a smoothing algorithm is applied to the linework. We drafted linework while viewing the map base data at 1:5,000,000 scale to ensure sufficient accuracy at print scale. The minimum line feature length is 100 km, and the minimum outcrop dimensions are 40 km wide by 100 km long for legibility. Given differences between drafting and production scales, we avoided mapping narrow outcrops using parameters consistent with our minimum width specifications. Minimum spacing between linework, including both contacts and other line features, is 40 km. However, we exercised some flexibility in the size and spacing cutoffs in order to represent critical geologic and stratigraphic relationships, including some narrow wall rock outcrops of Valles Marineris. Also, we generalized some segmented, en echelon grabens that were too short to map as single segments by mapping them as single collective features to show the occurrence of particular structural fabrics. see SIM 3292 Pamphlet. Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 64 SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 153 SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 1057 SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 1312 SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Composite object Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 9 SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 145 SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 145 SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 3593 SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 94 SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 268 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Robinson Robinson: Longitude_of_Projection_Center: 0.0 False_Easting: 0.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.0001 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.0001 Planar_Distance_Units: meter Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D Mars 2000 Sphere Ellipsoid_Name: Mars 2000 Sphere IAU IAG Semi-major_Axis: 3396190.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 0.0 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: SIM3292_Global_Geology Entity_Type_Definition: Polygon feature class, geologic unit polygon feature class. Contains a Unit field denoting the unit name and UnitDesc the short unit decription. SphArea_km is the geodesic area of the polygon in km^2 Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: SIM3292_Global_Contacts Entity_Type_Definition: Line feature class, contains a ConType field for the geologic unit and map boundaries including symbol types: Certain, Approximate, Border, and Internal. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: SIM3292_Global_Structure Entity_Type_Definition: Structural layer. Contains a Morphology field denoting the structure type including Origin, Interpretation, and Preservation. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing Address: 25286 Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 928-556-7100 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: thare@usgs,gov Distribution_Liability: None Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3292 Fees: None Ordering_Instructions: Digital download using a web browser Available_Time_Period: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2014 Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20140512 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Trent Hare Contact_Position: Cartographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2255 North Gemini Drive City: Flagstaff State_or_Province: AZ Postal_Code: 86001 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 928-556-7126 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: thare@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: please email Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Use_Constraints: None Metadata_Security_Information: Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified