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SUMMARY AND HIGHLIGHT MEMORANDUM The Smithsonian Institution was established August 10, 1846 (20 U.S^C. 41) by the Congress "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men. "

The Institution, under the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation, operates two museums, the United States National Museum and the National Air Museum; three scientific bureaus, the Astrophysical Observatory, the Bureau of American Ethnology, and the Canal Zone Biological Area, in addition to research activities of the National Museum; three art galleries, the Freer Gallery of Art, the National Collection of Fine Arts, and the National Portrait Gallery; the Armed Forces Museum Advisory Board; and the International Exchange Service. In addition, the Institution.is responsible for the operation and maintenance of five main exhibition buildings, namely, Natural History, Arts and Industries, Smithsonian, Air and Space, and Freer Gallery of Art; a storage facility; and an exhibits laboratory.

To achieve its broad objectives s the Institution maintains public exhibits representative of the arts, American history, aeronautics, anthropology, geology, technology, and biology; preserves for reference and study millions of valuable items of scientific s cultural, and historical interest; conducts fundamental research and publishes the results of these investigations; and participates in the international

exchange of scientific literature.

Public interest continues to grow, as evidenced by the number of visitors. More than 8, 923, 000 visitors came to view the Institution's exhibits in fiscal year 1962, an increase of more than 1, 820, 000 over the previous year. During this same period, the staff of the Institution answered approximately 395,000 requests for scientific and technical information, 73,J000 more requests than in fiscal year 1961.

The 1964 budget estimates are predicated, on carrying out the above objectives and maintaining the existing establishment. The increases requested under "Salaries and Expenses'" areas follows:

Activity Amount

Museum operations. .. $1, 139, 000

Art gallery operations . 9, 000

Scijentific research and exchange >

of scientific information ........ 805, 000

TotaL $1,9 53,000

The above increases include funds for two extra days' pay above 52 weeks and for reimbursement for total benefits and other payments made from the Employees Compensation Fund during fiscal year 1962 (5 U. S. C. 785). No additional funds are requested for the National Armed Forces Museum Advisory Board since the work of that activity is expected to continue at the same level as in fiscal year 1963.

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Provision has also been made in the 1964 budget estimates for:

A. Remodeling the Civil Service Commission Building to make it suitable to house the National Collection of Fine Arts and the National Portrait Gallery. The amount of $6, 283, 000 is included in these estimates to proceed with this work.

B. Planning for the construction of a building for the National Air Museum. The Act of September 6, 1958, authorized and directed the Smithsonian Institution to prepare plans and specifications for

the construction of a National Air Museum to be located on that part of the Mall bounded by Fourth and Seventh Streets, Jefferson Drive and Independence Avenue. Funds in the amount of $1, 640, 000-are indluded for planning.

C. Continuing the program of construction, remodeling, and equipping the buildings and other exhibit facilities at the National Zoological Park. Funds in the amount of $1, 736, 000 are included for this work.

As required by section 1311 (b) of the Supplemental Appropriation Act, 1955, as amended (31 U.S. C. 200 (b) ), all statements of obligations furnished in connection with the Smithsonian Institution's requests for proposed appropriations for the fiscal year 1964 consist of valid obligations as defined in sectijon 1311 (a) of that Act.

In summation, the Smithsonian Institution's fiscal year 1964 estimates total $22,452,000 for all appropriations.

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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

RELATION OF AUTHORIZATIONS TO EXPENDITURES (In thousands of dollars)

1962 Description actual

New obligational authority (appropriations) . . . 13,833

Unobligated balances brought

forward 11, 792

Balances no longer available:

Unobligated balances lapsing (-) <"&35

Unobligated balances carried - '***■* 7?

forward - 14, 2 -80

1/ Obligations incurred. net~ .......... 11,110

Obligated balances brought forward 23, 385

Adjustments of obligated balances in —2-*

expired accounts =-30-—

Obligated balances carried forward (-) -40^-897

Budget expenditures ... f ... o 23, 568 c

1963 estimate

-±4r2d€h

-3,576

2. if 8 7 22^9

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24, 410

1964

estimate

2 J? <2 3 <£.

3,576

-3r3±6

9, 306

- 9 -9r*81

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1/ Relation of total obligations to net obligations: General, special, and intragovernmental funds: // 3 B a

Total obligations incurred ""11, 342

Advances and reimbursements:

From other agencies (-) -232

Net obligations incurred II, 110

33 a/a ^ r 041

-223

22,819

■2Z. C

-22, 935 -223

22,712 2 2 ¥

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

RELATION OF AUTHORIZATIONS TO EXPENDITURES

(In thousands of dollars)

Description

New obligational authority (appropriations)

Unobligated balances brought

forward ♦

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Unobligated balances lapsing (-)

1962

actual

Unobligated balances carried forward

1963 estimate /2.A8 1 / 12, 11-5

14,280

-3,576

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Obligations incurred, net" Obligated balances brought forward

Adjustments of obligated balances in

expired accounts i /.

Obligated balances carried forward (-*)». . • •

Budget expenditures

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23,385

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-10,897

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22,819 10,897

23, 568

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1/ Relation of total obligations .to net obligations: General, special, and intragovernmental it 3-funds: \^ -fr

Total obligations incurred . -14-^-342

Advances and reimbursements:

From other agencies (-) -232

Net obligations incurred . . . . = -H, 110

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1964 estimate J3, Usr 22, 4 fr2

3, 576

3, 316

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( The Smithsonian Institution maintains public exhibits representative of the

arts, American history, aeronautics, anthropology, geology, technology, and biology; preserves for reference and study purposes millions of valuable items of scientific, cultural, and historical interest; conducts research in the natural sciences and in the history of cultures, technology, and the arts, partic ularly th ose indigenous to North America; and participates in the international exchange of scientific literature• The scientific programs of the Smithsonian include research in anthro pology, biology, geology, solar radiation, astrophysics, and American ethnology ; and the classification and study of marine organisms collected i.n connection with the Government's expanded oceanographic programs » The areas of research in the natural sciences inc lude,,biology, geol ogy, ftax o no mjyl solar radiation, and astrophysics. The Smithsonian is also undertaking an intensive program of classification and study of marine organisms collected in connection with the Government's expanded

oceanographic program . The Institution operates two museums, three scientific bureaus, three art galleries, the Armed Forces Museum Advisory Board, and the International Exchange Service. It is responsible also for the operation and maintenance of five main exhibition buildings, a facility at Silver Hill, Md., and an exhibits laboratory.

During the budget year the move of the collections, exhibits, and activities of the Museum of History and Technology into its new building will continue; the occupancy of the east wing of the Natural History Building will be completed and internal moves on the ground and third floors in the Natural History Building will be required in connection with the construction of the west wing; the National Collection of Fine Arts will prepare exhibition plans and improve the condition of its collections in preparation for the move into the existing Civil Service Commission Building; the National Air Museum will accelerate its program of restoring and

preserving aircraft engines and accessories; two new exhibits renovation projects and five building rehabilitation projects will be undertaken; and the Institution will continue to expand its scientific programs.

Public interest continues to grow, as evidenced by the number of visitors! I960, 6,k?$j thousandr 1961, 7,K>3 tfeottsand; 1962, 8,923, thatt&amfc

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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SALARIES AND EXPENSES

Statement Relating 1962, 1963 and 1964 Programs

(In thousands of dollars) ,

X' ■

1962 program (total costs) .. . 8,644

""Increases relating to opening the Museum of History

and Technology . , „ ......... +1, 222

Broadening the United States National Museum's

efforts in the field of oceanography » +225

Increases relating to construction of Additions to

the Natural History Building +61

Strengthening scientific programs . +300

New activity-National Armed Forces Museum

Advisory Board +53 G a

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Establishment of Health Unit +23

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Administration •- -60

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Adjustment in lapse rate , +150

Other increases +13

1963 program (total costs) 10, 844

sr) Increases relating to opening of the Museum of

History and Technology +1, 062

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efforts in the field of oceanography +116

Increased workload in the National Air Museum's

restoration and preservation program +lo

Increased responsibilities in research activities . . +268 7?. 2 --Increases relating to opening of the east wing of

the Natural History Building +389 ~^" -?/

Increases relating to National Collection of Fine

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Other increases » . +4

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-Statement Relating 1962, 1963 and 1964 Programs (In thousands of dollars)

1962 Program (total costs) 8,644- 8L3</

Nonrecurring savings +235

Base for 1963 8, 879

Changes for 1963:

Relating to opening of the Museum of History and

Technology

Broadening efforts in the field of oceanography

Relating to opening of the East Wing

Completion of Catlin restorations .

Strengthening scientific programs ...........

New Activity - Nat. A. F. Mus. Advy. Bd. . . .

Relating to National Collection of Fine Arts . . . New Activity - National Portrait Gallery ......

Establishment of Health Unit .

Conversion to separate sewer system ........

Transfer of rent item to General Services Adm, Increases for wage board employees

v \Additional costs for within-grade promotions . , Adjustment in lapse rate .....................

1962 rehabilitation and modernization programs

1963 rehabilitation and modernization programs Other increases ............................

1963 program (total costs) ...................

+637 +240 + 117 -20 +280 +55 +35 + 54 +23 +65 -60 +46 + 170 + 119 -420 +585 +39

10,844

Changes for 1964:

Relating to opening of the Museum of History and

Technology ..................................

Relating to opening of East Wing .................

Strengthening efforts in Oceanography ............

Relating to the Astrophysical Observatory's research

program ....................................

Increased responsibilities in research activities of

the Bureau of American Ethnology and Canal Zone

Biological Area ..............................

1963 sewer project

1963 rehabilitation and modernization programs . . .

1964 rehabilitation and modernization programs , . .

Regular pay above 52-week base (2 days)

Other increases ...............................

\ 1964 Program (total costs) ....................

55

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+72 -65 -585 +630 +70 +32

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SALARIES AND EXPENSES Museum Operations

A net increase of $1, 139,400 will be required in fiscal year 1964 for continuing the operation of museums -■- the United States National Museum and the National Air Museum -- the largest museum complex in the world.

The Institution maintains public exhibits representative of American history, aeronautics, anthropology, geology, technology, and biology. In applied physics and electronics, for example, the Smithsonian has what are probably the only comprehensive collections of such objects in the United States. The Museum collections contain more than fifty-five million cataloged items.

The Museum of History and Technology contains collections relating . to science and technology; arts and manufactures; and civil and armed forces history of the United States. The functions of the National Air Museum are to memorialize the national development of aviation; collect, preserve, and display aeronautical equipment of historical interest and significance. Need for Increase :

(a) The Museum of History and Technology Building is scheduled to be completed in March 1963. Advance occupation by the Institution of some exhibition space and maintenance and operation work areas is planned during the current fiscal year. The preparation and installation of exhibits is well under way and will continue at an accelerated rate

. 20

}

during fiscal year 1964. The movement of staff equipment for laboratories, and workrooms, and the transfer of reference collections will begin in fiscal year 1963 and will continue during fiscal year 1964.

(b) The National Air Museum's responsibilities and activities are increasing as plans for construction of a new building are advanced. Historic space flight equipment, and the recording of space flight history now being made, have added to the museum's responsibilities. The program of restoring and preserving historical aircraft, engines, and accessories, will continue in fiscal year 1964, so that the many specimens -will be ready for exhibition when the new building is completed. The additional staff are required to assist in the curatorial and restoration programs.

(c) The Buildings Management Department will continue to provide services such as protection, cleaning exhibit and installation areas, laboratories, and offices; moving, loading, unloading; servicing and operating refrigeration, heating, temperature and humidity control systems and related machinery, and accessories; assisting the exhibits staff in assembly and installation of exhibit cases, displays, special lighting, and equipment; building temporary partitions and protective enclosures for safeguarding exhibits; and repairing, refinishing, and touch-up painting incident to the installation of exhibits, etc.

In fiscal year 1963 the Buildings Management Department was required to reduce its inventory of supplies and materials to transfer $20, 000 to the General Services Administration as an additional charge for rent. This amount was not anticipated at the time the 1963 budget estimates were prepared. A restoration of this amount is requested.

(d) The administrative and service units of the Smithsonian Institution will have increased demands made upon them because of the accelerated Museum activities. An increase is anticipated in the volume of correspondence, library services„ and the shipment of objects. The Smithsonian Museum Service will expand its activities so that the exhibits will prove more educational and meaningful,, ) Plan of Wfcrk for Museum Operations:

(a) No increase requested.

(b) To provide 1 museum specialist and 1 aircraft mechanic ($9» 600) and personnel benefits ($700); contractual services ($3,400); supplies and materials ($3„5JGF@^; and equipment ($1, 000) for the National Air Museum

. . . . . $18, 200

(c) To provide for the full-year cost of 85 guards, laborers, and mechanics (35 man-years) financed on a part-year basis in fiscal year 1963 ($157,900): and 17 positions (8 man-years in fiscal year 1964) to employ guards, laborers, cleaners, mechanics, and carpenters in the Buildings Management Department ($33, 100), and provide funds for personnel benefits

S

22

— —"

($13,700); electricity (including air conditioning), gas and steam, and communications ($47,000); contractual service for emergency repair and inspection of elevators and escalators ($7, 000); and the purchase of cleaning and building supplies, hardware, plumbing materials, paints, lumber, and related items for work to be performed by the mechanical shops, etc. ( $30, 000) ... $288, 700

(d) To provide for a planning officer, 2 clerical assistants, 1 library assistant, and 1 shipping clerk ($26, 100), and personnel benefits ($1, 800); travel ($500); transportation costs ($6, 100); installation of equipment in the Natural History Building to assist in docent services ($10, 000); miscellaneous supplies and materials ($2, 000); and books and equipment ($8,500), after a reduction of $3,500 -- the nonrecurring costs of initial equipment for the Health Unit established during the current fiscal year, for a net increase of $55, 000

(e) Payments to Employees Compensation Fund . $ 3, 000

(f) # To provide for two days' regular pay over 52-week base.$37, 000 There is also included in these estimates a net increase of $737, 500

for the nonrecurring cost of providing certain services and certain equipment in fiscal year 1964 for the Museum of History and Technology Building. The costs for the following purposes were originally proposed to be financed from the construction appropriation. The Joint Committee on Construction of a Building for the Museum of History and Technology, however, has directed that construction funds not be used for this purpose but that funds be sought under the operating appropriation of the Institution.

Moving and rigging services $115, 000

Less nonrecurring cost in 1963 -25,000

Net increase , $90, 000 ^

Office furniture, interior benches,

and furnishings , 280, 000

/3 /y) £ . t^l^.a o e

Equipment for operation and main M?t 4^ ~o <=>

tenance of the Museum 177, 500

v 6 "*-

Equipment and furnishings for Library ...,'/. 15, 000

/

Exhibition Cases - # 175, 000

Net increase $737,500

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24

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\ Art Gallery Operations

The Smithsonian Institution maintains three art galleries under this appropriation -- the Freer, the National Collection of Fine Arts, and the National Portrait Gallery. The Freer Gallery of Art houses a collection of the fine arts of the Near East and the Far East, ranging from Egypt to Japan. Also included are certain works of American art. The National Collection of Fine Arts is responsible for the preservation and public exhibition of paintings, drawings, sculpture, and other objects of the fine arts. For many years, due to limited space, only a small portion of the objects in the National CoHectibn of Fine Arts have been shown to the public and those which have been exhibited have been incongruously displayed in the Museum of Natural History. Expanded facilities in the remodeled Civil Service Commission Building, when it becomes available, will permit an extensive, comprehensive exhibition of the National Collection of Fine Arts.

The National Portrait Gallery, established by Public Law 87-443, dated April 27, 1962, will exhibit statuary and portraits of men and women who have made significant contributions to the history, developments and culture of this country. It will, be housed in the remodeled Civil Service Commission Building.

Initial work on remodeling the Civil Service Commission Building

has now been delayed until January 1964, with an estimated completion

date of January 1966. This delay is consequential to a delay in completion

25

>

of the new quarters for the Civil Service Commission which will not be available until August 1963. At that time, the present building will be released to the Smithsonian Institution. Therefore, only a small increase ($9,000) is requested for art gallery operations for fiscal year 1964. Need for Increase :

(a) The National Collection of Fine Arts will be engaged in preparing its valuable works of art for display in the enlarged and improved quarters in the remodeled Civil Service Commission Building. Many large and important paintings and sculptures, long in storage or on loan, need to be restored before installation in the new exhibition areas.

(b) Additional funds will be required to cover shipping costs of paintings, sculptures and other decorative arts received as gifts. Plan of Work:

To provide additional funds for contractual services ($5,500) and for transportation ($1, 500) $7, 000

To-provide for two days' regular pay above 52-week base $2, 000

Scientific Research and Exchange of Scienti fic Information

■■ — ■ — .,i M ■■■.— . i i.!■!■■■—i ..,■■.■■■ i ., ■ « m ., t , — .■.— —! ■ i ■■ ■■ i ■■ — i. ■ .■ i ■■

A net increase of $804,600 is required for the continuation of scientific research and exchange of scientific information. Need for Increase :

(a) The United States National Museum requires professional, sub-professional, and clerical staff to conduct research in areas long neglected. The expansion of the Museum activities into facilities of the East Wing of the Natural History Building will make it possible for the Smithsonian Institution to promote its leadership in natural history. This cannot be done unless specialists are employed to work in areas not now covered. Most urgent in developing a well-rounded staff of scientists are specialists in the following fields of knowledge: plant morphology and taxonomy; paleontology, with special reference to the development of mammals; avian zoology, a field of increasing significance in understanding vertebrate evolution and adaptation; reptilian systematics; and insect taxonomy. To assist the scientists in their work, subprofessional'aids and clerical assistants are required in each of the departments of the Natural History

Museum. , -6^—

Funds appropriated in fiscal year 1963 will permit the Museum to begin a long-range program to accelerate oceanographic research. In fiscal year 1964 the Museum plans to set up a sorting center to receive, process, and label materials from Federally-financed marine expeditions; to sort the specimens into manageable taxonomic groups; and to have them

studied and identified by specialists either at the Smithsonian or outside,, Specialists must be hired to provide identifications of marine organisms to other scientists, to prepare monographs of critical biological groups, and to inform colleagues in Federal agencies and in universities of the distributional and ecological patterns of important marine plants and animals.

Modest increases in travel are required for the additional scientists who must visit scientific collections in other museums and consult with other experts.

Additional funds are needed for supplies and equipment, including steel shelving, laboratory and office furniture for the oceanographic sorting center, and optical equipment and special storage cases for the divisions conducting research in marine biology.

(b) The Astrophysical Observatory is involved in a broad and diversified program, including solar radiation and astrophysics, the upper atmosphere, meteors, meteorites, artificial satellites, and problems of space science. Additional staff and services are required for its programs to design specialized equipment and conduct field testing; detect stellar and solar radiation image registration other than photographic; direct research on an ultra-violet survey of the sky and spectroscopic studies of selected celestial objects; conduct research on meteorites with electron probe analyses and make mineralogical analy-se s; analyze meteorites for stable isotopes; assist with the meteorite

program by predicting the location of falls by precision tracking methods; study techniques for focusing X-rays; and develop equipment for gamma ray and radio meteor detection.

(c) The Bureau of American Ethnology, because of lack of staff, has not been able to meet its responsibilities adequately in the documentation of its important scientific work in Indian ethnology.

Archeological-ethnological investigations are needed in the lower Missouri-Mississippi Valley area, the South and the Southeast before the archeological sites are destroyed by numerous construction activities. Studies should also be made of the documents and other material pertaining to the Indians who lived or may still be living in the same localities. One archeologist-ethnologist who would conduct research himself and plan and organize re£earch projects to be carried out by other individuals working on special funds under his direction would be a most valuable addition to the staff.

A social anthropologist who has expert knowledge of the Indians of the Western Plains, the Basin Plateau, and the Northwest Pacific Coast should also be added to the staff. He wopld conduct intensive ethnological research to bridge the gap between findings of archeologists and historians in tracing the more tjhan 20, 000 years of man's occupation in these three areas. There is still much to be learned; and it is important to make these studies while the elderly Indian informants can be consulted, and before the old beliefs, customs, and traditions completely disappear.

(d) The Research Program of the Canal Zone Biological Area should be expanded because research in the tropics would increase our understanding of many important and fundamental biological processes, and this area is particularly suitable and convenient for such research. The Canal Zone Biological Area can only become an important center for different types of biological research by increasing its staff of scientists. There is at present only one scientist on the staff. Two additional scientists are required for fiscal year 1964 to study problems of evolution, ecology, and behavior. Provision must be made to protect the island from poachers so that no species will be exterminated. A technical assistant is needed to assist in handling the additional work involved in

the expanded Research Program.

ing),

Public Law 87-581, approved August 13, 1962,requires that certain

manual employees be paid a stand-by differential. It is estimated that

$12, 000 will be required in fiscal year 1964 to pay such stand-by

differential to employees of the Canal Zone Biological Area.

(e) The Buildings Management Department will continue to provide building services, including maintenance, operation, and protection,

for all scientific activities in Washington. The completion and occupancy of the East Wing, with its expanded research facilities, will place greater demands on this Department, especially for cleaning and maintenance services.

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(f) The workload of the administrative and service units will increase because of the accelerated Research Program. There will be a greater need for general office supplies. The Oceanographic Program alone will augment shipping, printing, and library activities. Specimens will be sent to the sorting center at the Smithsonian and in some cases from the Smithsonian Institution to identification specialists outside the Institution. Scientific manuscripts will require editing and publication, and scientists must be provided with specialized books and library services. Plan of Work for Scientifi c Research and Exchange of Scientific Information -la) To employ 1 botanist,, 1 geologist, 3 zoologists, 15 subprofessional p, \ aids, 2 clerical assistants ($126, 000); and to provide funds for personnel ing), benefits ($9, 100); travel ($4^300); contractual services ($7,400); supplies ($27, 500); and equipment ($31, 600) $205 900

(b) To employ 2 physicists, 2 astrophysicists, 2 astronomers, and

1 physical science technician for the Astrophysical Observatory ($59, 100); and to provide funds for personnel benefits ($4, 200); travel ($6, 000); rents ($12,000); contractual services for computer services ($45, 100); and equipment ($18, 500), less a net decrease of $2, 300 in supplies for a net increase of. $1 ^ 2s 6oQ

(c) To employ 1 archeologist-ethnologist and 1 social anthropologist ($19, 000); and to provide funds for personnel benefits ($1, 300); travel ($1, 300); contractual services ($300); and equipment ($1,500). .....$23,400

i

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(d) To employ 2 biologists, 2 guards, and 1 technical assistant for the Canal Zone Biological Area ($27, 900); and to provide funds for personnel benefits ($2, 000); travel ($2, 200); transportation ($800); communications ($200); supplies ($1, 000); equipment ($2, 600); and for stand-by differential ($12, 000) $48, 700

(e) To provide funds for the full-year employment of 22 guards and mechanics (13 man-years), financed on a part-year basis in fiscal year 1963 ($68, 800), and for the employment of 15 laborers and

5 mechanics (19 man-years) for the East Wing ($66, 500); personnel benefits ($9» 800); increased cost of electricity (including air conditioning), steam and gas, and communication services ($121,400); protective services for the East Wing ($10, 000); purchase of supplies for cleaning and mechanical shops ($10, 000); and for replacing obsolete and purchasing additional equipment for enlarged shops ($19» 000), after a reduction of $11, 000, the'nonrecurring cost of equipment, for a net increase of » $305, 500

(f) To employ 1 editor and 2 library assistants ($12, 700); and to provide funds for personnel benefits ($900); travel ($500); transpor-tation ($5, 600); printing and reproduction ($10,000); supplies ($5,000); and books ($11, 800) $46, 500

(g) Payments to Employees Compensation Board $1, 000

(h) To provide for two days' regular pay above 52-week

base $31, 000

m

EXPLANATIONS ON PERSONNEL COMPENSATION

(a) Lapse explanation

The past year gross lapse figure was determined from records of turnover costs and part-year employment. The costs of regradings in accordance with Civil Service standards, terminal leave, and within-grade promotions effective during the year were deducted from the gross lapse figure to arrive at the net lapse for 1962.

The 1962 experience on turnover costs and terminal leave costs, together with a position-by-position estimate of part-year employment commensurate with construction schedules and recruitment of specialized personnel, information from the Personnel Division on the classification QU program of the Institution, and an actual study of positions to determine

future within-grade promotions, formed the basis for the 1963 and 1964 lapse figures.

(b) Change in average salary

The average GS salary between fiscal years 1961 and 1962 was

increased by $248. This increase was due chiefly to a more-than-average

number of reclassifications during 1961, all of which were made in accord-

ance with Civil Service standards. The increase in average GS salary

between 1962 and 1963 is less than 1%. There is an anticipated increase of

$131 between 1963 and 1964. This increase results from the fact that almost

40% of the additional GS positions requested for 1964 are at a rate higher

than the average for 1963.

33

The average salary of wage employees was increased $257 between 1961 and 1962. This increase is attributed to the wage scale increase and to the fact that 50% of the wage jobs added to the gross in 1962 were at a rate higher than the average for 1961. The average wage salary change between succeeding years is less than 1%.

A)

O

ADDITIONAL DATA -- MANPOWER UTILIZATION

This budget reflects continuing improvement in many areas in productivity per employee, brought about through better training, better supervision, more effective organization, and more efficient equipment. Greater emphasis has been placed on the Training and Employee Development Program: (1) to promote the efficiency of the Smithsonian; (2) provide employees an opportunity to acquire the skills and knowledge required for continued growth and advancement; and (3) motivate employees to perform effectively in their assigned tasks. We are accomplishing this through orientation of new employees; training supervisors; personnel attendance at Executive Seminars, various courses, and lectures; and through the Incentive Awards Program to obtain suggestions which would result in improved efficiency and economy of operations. Employee participation in this program has increased remarkably, and it is anticipated that within the next year we will have greater results. During the past year a total of $300 was paid to employees for suggestions which will result in about $8, 000 in savings.

Several systems of the service divisions have been revised, resulting in better management of operations, elimination of duplicate files, and greater economy in centralized ordering and controlling the use of supplies, materials, and equipment; i.e. , the cataloging system in the Supply Division and the employee record card system of the Personnel Division.

\

We have also reorganized the Department of Science and Technology in the National Museum to bring specialized personnel into one group to make available, on a centralized basis, skilled staff for restoration and repair of specimens. This will also permit on-the-job training for increased efficiency.

The Smithsonian participates in the United States Government Surplus Property Program where, on occasion, required items may be obtained for payment of shipping costs only. For instance, we obtained five tons of mercury for laboratory use, valued at $33, 000, for a cost of $1, 000; a sterilizer, valued at $l,050--no shipping costs involved; several shipments of surplus aircraft hardware and tools; and silk parachutes, which are

being used to cover and protect airc\raft exhibit items.

>

During the current.fiscal year we will be looking into the activities of the Smithsonian which might lend themselves to some degree of mechanization or automation. We also are surveying the guard force to determine possible improvements in both security and informational activities. Our fiscal and inventory systems are being studied for possible increased efficiency and firm control of assets.

Progress is being made on a program to gradually up-date our operations through the purchase of modern equipment and shop machinery. For example, the recent purchase of a vibratory machine and a microfilm reader-printer for the National Air Museum.

■/

Savings are effected wherever possible and new staff are not employed unless their services can be utilized efficiently. Funds were appropriated in fiscal year 1962 to employ staff and pay for other expenses in connection with the Museum of History and Technology Building. When it became apparent that delays in construction of the building would affect the need for Salaries and Expenses funds, the Smithsonian advised the Bureau of the Budget in March 1962 that a savings of $164, 000 would be effected in fiscal year 1962. The gross savings consisted of $195,000 for personnel compensation and benefits and $33,000 for utilities and supplies; but this savings was offset by $64, 000 to annualize 1961 wage increases and for 1962 costs of wage increases granted in December 1961. This procedure *• was followed to avjqid the necessity for seeking a supplemental appropriation to pay for these wage increases.

Another savings in the amount of $11, 625 was effected because a lesser amount than anticipated was required by the General Services Administration for rental of space for the Smithsonian Institution.

SCHEDULE OF CHANGES IN MOTOR VEHICLE FLEET

Salaries & Expenses, Smithsonian Institution

TRUCKS (Less than 12,500 GVW)

1962 1963 1964

A. Actual number on hand at start of year . „ o..«o.. 6 5 ^

1. Add vehicles on order but not received ooooo 1

2. Deduct vehicles on hand awaiting disposal 00.0 11-

3. Net active fleet at start of year <>•••• 6 k k

B» Number of acquisitions (add) •••00 <, •••• 1 1

1. By purchase (orders issued).o.00..0 -

~ a -ty I OrX 91 uUrS» •.•.o.o.o....*.oooq«....o....«.«..«. ■*" "" *•

3. By transfer...o «, „ . (l) (l)

C. Number disposed of (deduct) ........<>...o.o...0000.... 2 1

lo By sale, o... *o.. ao...oo..«. • <>. • •• .0 =

2. By scrapping or theft <,.<..<> o (l) (l)

3« By donation to non-Federal recipients o.o.ooo. -

K, By transfer to other agencies .0 ooo.o.oo (l)

D. Number of replacements (non-add) a ..o..ooo.o....ooo... 1 1. Meeting both age and mileage standard.... 2» Meeting mileage standard but not age. 3« Meeting age standard but not mileage „

4. Not meeting either standard.....,, o..ooo...o<> (l)

E. Net active fleet at end of year (A3 + B~C) ..<.. 5 k k

G» Total vehicles available full time (E)...» .<>■>•.<>• •<>••« 5 k k-

OOOO. o.o. •o.e.o.oa. o.o.o.o.

NOTE, Line Vki

ONE 1958 VEHICLE WAS REPLACED IN ¥1 1962 BECAUSE IT HAS SO EXTENSIVELY DAMAGED IN

AN ACCIDENT THAT REPAIRS WERE IMPRACTICABLE. DISPOSAL OF WRECKAGE PRESENTLY

PENDING.

38

/ I

SCHEDULE OF CHANGES IN MOTOR VEHICLE JIEET

Salaries & Expenses, Smithsonian Institution

TRUCKS (12,500 - 16,999 GVW)

1962 1963 19&

A. Actual number on hand at start of year ••.•••••••••••. k 3 2

1. Add vehicles on order "but not received . -

2. Deduct vehicles on hand awaiting disposal, - -

3. Net active fleet at start of year........ k 3 2

C. Number disposed of (deduct) 1 1.

lo By sale •••••••••••

2. By scrapping or theft -

3« By donation to non-Federal recipients... (1>

4. By transfer to other agencies - CD

E. Net active fleet at end of year (A3 -C)o«,.».» • ••• 3 2 2

Q, Total vehicles available full time (E)„..** 3.2 2

k—_J_I-J_1_)L-I-I, H t >,!». -l-l-IUJ-<i > nl, 1 J II im>.. l -J^-i..«-J.„l-, l' .JL J., *. J. .,H_l-U l-J,. l k.J-J„-K,,l,

-39

SCHEDULE OF CHANGES IN MOTOR VEHICLE FLEET

Salaries & Expenses, Smithsonian Institution

TRUCKS (17,000 GW and over)

1962 1963 196^

A. Actual number on hand at start of year.. ..•<.•••••? 12 3

1, Add vehicles on order but not received.••.••••

2, Deduct vehicles on hand awaiting disposal..... -

3, Net active fleet at start of year • • 12 3

B. Number of acquisitions (add) ».....••• 11-

1. By purchase (orders issued)... - (l)

2. By forfeiture. •••.••••...•••.•.•••••o»o -

3. By transfer .. ..••<> (l)

E. Net active fleet at end of year (A3 + B) «=.... 2 3 3

G. Total vehicles available full time (e) „ 2 3 3

H. Obligations for vehicles purchased... 0 . - $6,000

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THE^COMMISSION'OF'FINE'ARTS

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT BUILDING

WASHINGTON 25, D. C. COPY

27 March 1962

Dear Mr. Boutin:

The Commission of Fine Arts, at its meeting on March 20, 1962, considered plans for remodeling the Old Patent Office Building to provide space for a National Portrait Gallery and for the National Collection, of Fine Arts.

Mr. Waldron Faulkner, architect, explained his plans for the remodeling and stated that it was the intention of the Smithsonian Institution, and the General Services Administration to change the exterior of the old building as little as possible; and that the major interior renovations were being limited to conversion of offices to gallery spaces and provision for a lecture hall. He said that the building, as built from designs of Robert Mills in the first half of the 19th Century, would remain as a fine example of Greek Revival architecture. The members of the Commission expressed their agreement with the plans to effect only the most essential changes.

There were two changes of special concern to the Commission of Fine Arts: first, the new service entrance ramp on the G Street side, to provide off-street access to the building at basement level; and second, an emergency fire exit to F Street from a required stair tower that would cross the grass bank to the sidewalk.

The members of the Commission had no objection to the manner in which the building would be serviced by the new vehicular ramp facilities on the G Street side of the building, but felt that the series of steps extending from the stair tower down the grass bank to the sidewalk on F Street were too conspicuous, as presently conceived. After carefully considering a number of alternatives, it was recommended that a walk be constructed parallel to the face of the building leading from the exit door in the stair tower to the immediate left of the main entrance steps, where a more modest flight of steps could be constructed beside the existing stair wall.

Mr. Faulkner also showed a sketch of the proposed treatment of the interior courtyard, which, he said, the Smithsonian hoped could be used as an additional area for the display of sculpture.

44a

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The members of the Commission expressed some reservation about these plans. They thought such an extensive treatment with stone paving might tend to be overpowering considering the large size and scale of the courtyard. They recommended that when the program for the display of sculpture is more fully developed, the details of this design should be given further study, taking into consideration the use of additional planting, level changes, or other elements that might be appropriate for the display of sculpture.

For the Commission of Fine Arts:

Sincerely yours,

David E. Finley Chairman

Honorable Bernard Boutin

Administrator

General Services Administration

Washington 25, D» C.

44b

)

COPY

21 September 1962

Dear Mr. Boutin:

The Commission of Fine Arts, at its meeting on 19 September, considered the preliminary plans and sections showing the proposed disposition of exhibition space in the National Aviation Museum. Mr. J. Rowland Snyder, Acting Deputy Assistant Commissioner for Design and Construction, and Mr. James Bradley, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, presented the drawings for the information of the Commission. Although the architectural features of the building were not under consideration at this time, the architectural mass of the building was clearly evident from the cubical spaces of the exhibition areas.

There was general agreement that such a Museum of Flight was desirable, but the members felt that the architectural limitations on the building at this site would be restrictive on the number and kinds of exhibits that could be shown. They were also definitely of the opinion that this is not a site for rockets, even on the Independence Avenue facade as suggested.

The Commission also noted that the National Capital Planning Commission had expressed reservations about the use of a site on the Mall for this purpose, which would require adequate parking facilities for motor cars.

The members of the Commission were glad to see the plans at an early stage of the design.

For the Commission of Fine Arts

Sincerely yours,

Is/ DAVID E. FINLEY David E. Finley Chairman

Honorable Bernard Ij. Boutin

Administrator

General Services Administration

Washington 25, D. C.

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REMODELING OF CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION BUILDING

The Congress, by Act of March 28, 1958 (72 Stat. 68), provided for the transfer of the existing Civil Service Commission Building (formerly known as the Patent Office Building) to the Smithsonian Institution. This building, designed by Robert Mills during the Administration of President Andrew Jackson, is considered an outstanding structure of that period.

For fiscal ypar 1962, funds in the amount of $400, 000 were appropriated for the preparation of detailed plans and specifications for the necessary remodeling of the building to make it s^uitable to house the National Collection of Fine Arts and the New National Portrait Gallery (Public Law 87 = 443, approved on April 27, 1962).

For fiscal year 1963, a budget estimate for construction funds was submitted to remodel the Civil Service Commission Building in anticipation of the completion of Federal Office Building No. 9, the new home of the Civil Service Commission, in that year. The Bureau of the Budget approved this request and included $5,400, 000 in the President's Budget for the remodeling cost of the present Civil Service Commission Building. However, by the time hearings were r held in the House of Representatives on Smithsonian Institution appropriations, the scheduled completion of Federal Office Building No. 9 had been delayed until fiscal year 1964. As the result of this information, the House

Ci

Committee stated in its report on the Interior appropriation bill for

1963:

The Committee has deleted without prejudice the budget request of $5,400,000 for remodeling the existing Civil Service Commission Building (formerly known as the Patent Office Building) to make it suitable as an Art Gallery to house the National Collection of Fine Arts and the National Portrait Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution. Since preparation of the budget estimate delays have been encountered in the construction of the new building to house the Civil Service Commission, and the present building will not be vacated prior to August, 1963, Construction funds to initiate the remodeling will, therefore, not be required before fiscal year 1964.

In accordance with the action of the House, the remodeling funds

for thfe Civil Service Commission Building are resubmitted for fiscal

year 1964. The estimate of remodeling costs for fiscal year 1964 is

$883,000 greater than the amount submitted for fiscal year 1963,

t

because in the intervening months continupufe studies have disclosed that the old roof of the building must be replaced and that additional repairs and facilities for handling visitors are required.

The architects have completed their 25 per cent submission on the working drawings to the General Services Administration and expect to have submitted their 50 per cent submission by the end of October, depending on decisions yet to be made on a o. number of items affecting the drawings. The General Services Administration expects that working drawings and specifications will be completed in January, 1963.

48

(

Scope of Work:

The fiscal year 1964 estimate of $6 S 283, 000 will provide for remodeling the building at the time itbecomes available to the Smithsonian Institution. The scope of work required to convert the building includes such items as; replacing the existing heating system which is over 40 years old; air conditioning; installing necessary humidity controls; replacing the electric system; making necessary structural changes and renovations including a new roof and removing partitions and walls; caulking and pointing stone works; cleaning the entire building; repainting; regrinding or replacing existing floors; plastering; and such other work as is required to provide appropriate exhibit facilities for the National Collection of Fine Arts and the National Portrait Gallery.

The work of renovation will provide an entirely suitable building for the two art galleries at a cost substantially under the cost of

construction of an equivalent new building.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS SERVICE Estimate of Remodeling Costs (including planning)

GSA Estimate 8-7-62 (F.Y. 1964)

Design and specifications $330, 000

Surveys, etc. . 29, 000

Supervision „ 175, 000

Office Expenses, Public

Buildings Servicjs „ 14, 000

Improvements 6, 0^5, 000

Smithsonian Institution. , . „ 40, 000

6,683,000 Less Planning Funds Appropriated F. Y. 1962 -400, 000

1964 Estimate $6, 283, 000

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THE'COMMISSION'OF/FINE'ARTS

ESTABLISHED BY CONGRESS MAY 17. 1910

DAVID E. FINLEV, Chairman DOUGLAS W. ORR WILLIAM C. PERRY

RALPH WALKER MICHAEL RAPUANO

FELIX W. de WELDON PETER HURD

LINTON R. WILSON, Secretary

23 March 1962 INTERIOR DEPARTMENT BUILDING

WASHINGTON

Dear Doctor Carmichael:

The Commission of Fine Arts, at its meeting on March 21, 1962, met with Mr. James Bradley and Doctor A, Remington Kellog of the Smithsonian Institution, and Doctor Theodore H, Reed, Director of the National Zoological Park, to discuss a Master Development Plan for the Washington D. C. Zoological Park,

The general objectives of the plan were described to the members of the Commission, and drawings, maps, and so forth, illustrating the physical changes to the Park contemplated in the plan were shown.

The members 1 reactions were entirely favorable, particularly in regard to the program of improvements which will exclude automobiles from the central area of the Zoo through the use of by-pass roads and fringe parking facilities. They also liked the proposed plans to display the birds and animals in natural settings and thereby eliminate iron-bar cages.

The members approved the plan in principle and commended the architects for their plan.

The Commission will be glad to consult with the Smithsonian Institution in the future on the design of new structures to be erected in the Zoological Park,

For the Commission of Fine Arts:

Sincerely yours, v

} David E, Finley Chairman

Doctor Leonard Carmichael

Secretary

Smithsonian Institution

Washington 25, D.C.

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NATIONAL CAPITAL PLANNING COMMISSION WASHINGTON 25, D. C.

June 20, 1962

Mr. James Bradley Assistant Secretary Smithsonian Institution Washington, D. C.

Dear Mr. Bradley:

At its meeting on June Ik, 1962 the National Capital Planning Commission passed the attached resolution approving in principle the Master Plan for the National Zoological Park.

The Commission is most pleased with the progress made in adjusting the plan to improve the vehicular circulation system. Since a revised plan cannot he prepared until after the beginning of the new fiscal year, the Commission assumes that the revised plan will be presented at a later date.

In line with our responsibilities as defined in Public Law 592 and Bureau of the Budget Circular A-11, we will be pleased to review the annual increments of the plan as requests are made for funds. The Commission has authorized the staff to administratively review, without Commission action, those items which are in substantial conformance with an approved Master Plan. We, therefore, hope you will submit the revised plan as soon as it is convenient.

Thank you for your continued cooperation.

Sincerely yours,

2

Enclosure C. H. Conrad

Deputy Director

COPY

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3

NATIONAL CAPITAL PLANNING COMMISSION Washington 25, D. C.

NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK MASTER PLAN

Report of Federal Planning and Projects Committee

June 14, 1962

The Federal Planning and Projects Committee reviewed the Master Plan for the National Zoological Park. Since some details of the circulation system and other portions of the Plan require further clarification, the Committee is of the opinion that the Commission at this time should approve the Plan in principle to indicate its concurrence with the basic ideas of vehicular and pedestrian separation, and replacement and reconstruction of the animal display area.

MOTION approving in principle the National Zoological Park Master Plan, as shown on NCPC Plan File No. 35-153.

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CONSTRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENTS, NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK

The Congress appropriated $1, 275,000 in fiscal year 1963 to the Smithsonian Institution to begin a program of capital improvement at the National Zoological Park.

These funds are being used to relocate the existing east-west road from Connecticut Avenue to Harvard Street, reconstruct a flight cage, remodel the existing bird exhibition building, and construct new outdoor bird cages.

Funds totaling $1,736,000 are requested to continue the capital improvement program in fiscal year 1964 as follows:

Planning

Detailed plans and designs for

F. Y. 1965 projects . . . . . ....... $150, 000

Advance planning and consultation

for F. Y. 1966 projects 45,000 $195,000

Construction

Exhibits

Connecticut Avenue pedestrian

entrance $190, 000

Hoofed stock 345, 000

Deer 118, 000

Penguins and Marine Birds 120, 000 773, 000

Other areas - Service 252, 000

Parking

Parking Lot A . . . 307, 000

Parking Lot B ........ 24,000 331, 000

Service roadway systems . . 14, 000

Utilities 171,000

Total construction 1 541 000

Total $1, 736, 000

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Planning . ... : J$195, 000

Detailed plans and designs for fiscal year 1965 . . .$JL5Q,.0,00 During fiscal year 1964 detailed plans will be made for the construction of exhibit facilities for one group of hoofed stock in fiscal year 1965. This dual=purpose exhibit area consists of a temperature-controlled building and paddock complex. The hoofed stock from tropical areas will be exhibited inside the building during the winter. At the same time, in the outside paddock, with minimum shelterj it is planned to exhibit the hoofed stock from cold areas. During the summer heat, the animals will be reversed. Thus the temperature requirements of two diametrically opposed sets of animals will be met and the building will be used by visitors all year round.

It is expected that detailed plans will be worked out in fiscal year 1964 so that construction of the commissary, the animal hospital and quarantine, and research facilities may be completed in fiscal year 1965. In addition, detailed plans will be made for the vehicular roadway for visitor distribution, for 4 parking lots to accommodate buses and a total of approximately 650 cars, for expansion of the service roadway system to provide for the internal servicing of the new and the contemplated exhibit areas, and for necessary expansion of the utility system.

Advance planning and consultation for fiscal year 1966. . . $45, 000 Advance plans will also be made in fiscal year 1964 for projects to be undertaken in fiscal year 1966. This planning will provide a more positive basis for determining the best design and the estimated cost of the subsequent year's construction.

One such project is aimulti-climate house to exhibit those birds, mammals, and reptiles requiring special exhibition techniques. This building will house the nocturnal animals, which will besactive and visible by means of reversed day and night, made possible by using red illumination during the hours of sunlight; the burrowing animals with sections cut awayvto show their dens; the flying squirrels and bats; certain insects.;; and the aquatic animals such as the platypus and

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beaver. The house will feature sectional scenes of rivers and river banks so that the exhibit will show the inter-relationship of aquatic, terrestrial and aerial animals.

Another project for which advance plans will be made in fiscal year 1964 is the development of the aquatic mammal area for seals, sealions, walruses, and the like. This will involve complete development of the present sealions and seal area.

Construction . , . $1, 541, 000

Exhibits $773, 000

Funds are requested in fiscal year 1964 to construct the principal pedestrian entrance to the Park off Connecticut Avenue. This section

of the Park will be regraded and beautified with appropriate shrubs,

trees, natural stone walls, walkways s benches s and entrance gates, to form an attractive and dignified entrance to the National Zoological Park. This entrance will be flanked on either side by deer exhibits. As the visitor proceeds into the Park he will approach an aquatic exhibit featuring an island inhabited by ringtail lemurs and aquatic birds. Behind the aquatic exhibit will be an orientation and information center with maps, instructions, and notices of current events at the Zoo. The information center will also serve visitors who have parked in nearby lots. From this point the visitors will disperse into four different exhibition areas.

The balance of the construction amount, $583,, 000, is required for animal exhibits in a 10-acre area where approximately 200 individual animals will be exhibited in compatible, breeding family groups. This amount includes the cost of providing necessary fences, wet and dry moats, service areas,as well as the cost of properly exhibiting the animals in natural surroundings with appropriate planting. All conveniences and safety precautions will be provided to the public. This will include 3, 800 feet of walkways with numerous benches at scenic points along the way.

The construction of the hoofed stock exhibits for animals from

cold regions is estimated to cost $345, 000. Some of these exhibits

will be behind water moats, dry moats, and some behind fences. The

shelters for these animals will be subdued and of naturalistic

57

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^ construction, and will provide a minimum of heat. Public exhibition

of the animals, such as American buffalo and zebra, will be in the open.

The area to the right of the present Connecticut Avenue entrance will be devoted to deer exhibition. The cost of terracing; building rustic shelters; and providing water, sewerage and drainage facilities s fences, sidewalks, and benches is estimated at $118,000.

The sum of $120,000 is required to construct the penguin and marine bird exhibit. It is contemplated that a variety of marine birds will be exhibited in this area. There will be an enclosed glass-fronted penguin pool with an underwater viewing area for the strictly Antarctic species, and an open outdoor pool for the more hardy northerly species.

Service Areas $252, 000

Construction of the first segment of a new service area is planned in fiscal year 1964. This will involve a new hay and grain storage building of fire-proof construction requiring no heat; a new property yard; and new animal holding pens to replace those eliminated by the development of the new stock exhibition area. The property yard and the holding pens "will be of simple constructions, mainly of chain=link fencing and gates, with minimal shelter for the animals. An access road to the hay and grain storage building must also be provided.

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Parking areas. * $331, 000

Two paved parking areas, to accommodate about 400 cars, will be constructed near the Connecticut Avenue vehicular entrance.

Service roadway systems. $ 14, 000

Approximately 1,900 feet of the Zoo service roadway system will be graded and surfaced so that areas accommodating hoofed stock animals, deer, birds, moose and elk can be serviced. This work must be done in fiscal year 1964 since the development of the Connecticut Avenue entrance and the relocation of the automotive roads will eliminate the present service system to these areas. It is contemplated to separate the Zoo service to the exhibits buildings and areas from the pedestrian walkways.

Utilities . $171, 000

It is estimated that $171, 000 will be needed to install utilities in the hoofed stock area and make the connections for advanced construction to the already ■"established systems. These include electricity, water, sewers, and heating.

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By.the Act of September 6, 1958 (72 Stat. 1794), the Congress authorized and directed the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution "to prepare plans, including drawings and specifications for the construction of a suitable building f^or a National Air Museum." The Act designated that the location of the Air Museum would be bounded by Fourth Street southwest on the east, Seventh Street southwest on the west, Independence Avenue on the south, and Jefferson Drive on the north. The preparation of drawings and specifications under the supervision of the General Services Administration and authorization of funds to be appropriated to the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. was also provided for in the Act.

Subsequent to the approval of the Act of September 6, 1958, the Smithsonian Institution worked on the development of preliminary plans and specifications for an adequate building to serve the purposes of the National Air Museum, On the basis of this preliminary effort, estimates for planning funds were submitted to the Bureau of the Budget for fiscal years 1962 and 1963. The Budget Bureau did not include these estimates in the President's budget in either of these two years.

The Act of August 12, 1946, establishing the Air Museum (Public Law 722, 79th Congress), stated that the National Air Museum "shall memorialize the National development of aviation; collect, preserve,

and display aeronautical equipment of historical interest and significance;

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serve as a repository for scientific equipment and data pertaining to the development of aviation, and provide educational material for the historical study of aviation. " The present makeshift areas available to the National Air Museum have made the carrying out of this intent difficult.

The National Air Museum has accumulated the world's largest and finest collection of historic air and spacecraft, engines, rockets, and other aeronautical and space materials significant in the history of man-made flight and space exploration. Included are the original Wright Brother's Kitty Hawk Flyer, original Goddard Rockets, the "Spirit of St. Louis, " and "Freedom 7. "

Less than 10 per cent.of the collection is housed in a World WaO hangar and in certain overhead areas-of the Arts and Industries Building. The major portion of the collection of necessity has to be in storage because of inadequate display space. The collection is relatively inaccessible for view by the millions of Americans who visit Smithsonian each year. This last year Smithsonian had to remove one of the five key exhibits in the World War I hangar to make room for the thousands of visitors - over 38, 000 on one day. The great national interest in the air and space museum is attested by a record-breaking visitor load of nearly one million visitors in the two months of July and August, 1962.

The proposed National Air Museum Building will be unique. This museum will be the first ever designed and constructed specifically for the exhibition of aeronautical and spacecraft material. To meet the needs of the collection now on hand as well as future accessions resVilting from historical air and space flight developments, it is planned to have a structure of proper proportions and clearances for effective display of large objects, especially the famous "first's" in aviation and space science. Such an inspiring exhibit in an appropriate and attractive building, opposite the National Gallery of Art in the Nation's Capital, cannot help but stimulate the interest of young men and women in aeronautical and space development.

It might be noted that the preparation of plans and specifications for this building are in accord with the President's desire for standby authority on public works as an anti-recession device as indicated in his 1963 Budget Message and the Public Works Acceleration Act, P. L. 87-658, dated September 14, 1962.

Preliminary architectural studies indicate that the preparation of plans, including drawings and specifications, and the curatorial work incident thereto, will require $1,640,000. This amount is $180,000 below the original estimate.

Estimate of Planning Costs (Public Buildings Service Estimate)

F. Y. 1964 Est.

Drawings and Specifications .$1, 455, 000

Duplication, bids, etc. . . 57, 000

Staff-Office Services 28, 000

Smithsonian 100, 000

Total . $1, 640, 000

The General Services Administration has indicated that the ..

reduction in this estimate is due to a reduction in the architect's

fee and a change in assignment of precontract expense. In its

estimate of July 14, I960 (for the fiscal year 1963 estimate), the

total amount of "drawings and specifications" cost was considered

as a precontract expense. GSA now requires 92 per cent to be

assigned as precontract expense and provides 8 per cent for post-=

contract costs. The architects estimate that two years will be

required to complete the planning, including detailed drawings and

specifications.

Facilities for receiving an estimated 5,000,000 visitors a year

must be planned, as well as the reception and handling of school

groups,^.individual historians, and research workers. A small,

temporary planning staff will be required by the Smithsonian Institution

to assemble the great volume of necessary detail and present it to the

architects in clear, illustrated programs. This temporary staff will

aid the permanent staff in charge of the collections and exhibits in

formulating and presenting program requirements and will act as liaison

between the staff and the architects. Expert consultants will be employed by the Institution, as required, to assist the planning and museum staffs in matters of historical and technical interpretation of flight history, technological and scientific developments, and museum practices.

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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION INFORMATION TO CENTRAL AGENCIES Space Requirements (estimate)

Form 1731 to General Services Administration on August. 30, 1962 Amount to be transferred Additional Area Employees added at location 0 0 0

Checks to be issued (estimate) Information to Treasury June 1, 1962

Revised Estimate Fiscal Year 1963 Estimate Fiscal Year 1964

52, 100 54, 500

( 86

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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

Numbers of Civilian Personnel (As reported in the budget schedules)

Number of employees ...; at end of year 1962 1963 1964

Salaries and expenses 1, 108 1, 322 1, 405

Remodeling of Civil Service

Commission Building .... 5 ....

National Air Museum

(Construction of Building) 5

Additions to the Natural

History Building 12 9 10

Advances and reimbursements 84 _L45* -44-5"

Total actual and estimated employment of

the Smithsonian Institution 1, 204-'l^ASl 1, 53r5

_l/ Excludes 212 employees reported on Standard Form 113 for the National Zoological Park, paid from District of Columbia funds.

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SCHEDULE OF RENOVATION OF EXHIBITS

No increase over the 1963 level is reflected in the amount required for renovation of exhibits .

In 1964 the Smithsonian will continue its program of revitalizing the exhibits in the United States National Museum. This program, which was begun in 1954, has continued at a steady rate with an average appropriation of $476,800. The same amount that was appropriated in 1963, $455, 000, will be required in 1964. A. Completed and opened to the public by end of 1962 :

1.. First Ladies Hall

2. The first American Indian Hall

3. North American Mammals Hall

4. Latin American'Archeology Hall

5. Bird Hall

6. American Cultural History Hall

7. Power Machinery Hall

8. The second American Indian Hall

9. Health Hall

10. Military History Hall

11. Printing Arts Hall

12. Gems and Minerals Hall

13. Textiles Hall (first floor)

14. Jade Room

15. World of Mammals Hall

16. Agriculture Hall

17. Fossil Fishes and Amphibians Hall

18. Textiles Hall (second floor)

19. Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacy Hall

20. Fossil Plans and Invertebrates Hall

21. The first North American Archeology Hall

22. Numismatics Hall

23. Petroleum Hall

24. Prehistoric Mammals Hall

25. Peoples of the Pacific Hall

(

B. Halls to be completed and opened to the public by the end of 1963 :

1. The second North American Archeology Hall

2. Dinosaur Hall

3. Ocean Life Hall (partial)

C. Construction partially completed by the end of 1963 :

1. Peoples of Asia and Africa Hall

2. Vertebrate Anatomy Hall

3. Reptiles and Fishes Hall

D. During 1963, drawings will be finished and contracts awarded for the following halls :

1. Physical Anthropology Hall

2. Old World Archeology Hall

E. Projects for 1964 :

1. Ecomonic Geology Hall

2. Physical Geology Hall

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RENOVATION OF EXHIBITS PROJECTS, FISCAL YEAR 1964 Economic Geology Hall

The movement of the geology reference collections to the new east wing of the Natural History Building in fiscal year 1963 will release Hall 19 for the development of a Hall of Economic Geology.

Modernization of this hall will provide for an expansion of the exceedingly popular gem collection in the south end of this hall, for a permanent relocation of the present temporary installation of the Vetleson collection of exquisitely carved jade, and for exhibits on ores, abrasives, and other geological materials useful to man. At its north end this hall appropriately adjoins the Hall of Physical Geology and the Hall of North American Archeology. In the latter hall primitive methods of working stone receive considerable emphasis.

Physical Geology Hall

The movement of the geology work rooms and reference collections

to the new east wing of the Natural History Building in fiscal year 1963

will release Hall 20 for the development of a Hall of Physical Geology.

Exhibits in this hall will interpret the nature and properties of materials

composing the earth, the distribution of these materials throughout the

world, the processes by which they are formed, altered, transported,

and distorted, and the nature and development of the landscape.

92

In addition to selected specimens from the museum's extensive geological collections, diorams, models, and murals will be employed to present effectively such subjects as geologic time, volcanoes, sculpture of the land by running water, weathering and soils, glaciers, oceans and shorelines, mountain building, earthquakes, the earth's interior, and meteorites. Special emphasis will be placed on the rock-forming minerals.

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REHABILITATION PROJECTS, FISCAL YEAR 1964

No increase over the 1963 level is reflected in the amount required for the rehabilitation of buildings programs . Museum of Natural History (19U ) $42, 000

1. Removal of old mortar, caulking and pointing of stonework of north and south entrances; and preparation of surfaces and repainting of exterior window frames, sash, doors, and trim $15, 000

2. Painting and refinishing nine exhibition halls . 27, 000

Arts and Industries Building (1881 ) 20, 000

1. Replacement of hot and cold water piping $10, 000

2. Replacement of heating system piping and modification of steam distribution system .... 10, 000

Smithsonian Building (1855 ) 40,000

1. Initial steps in renovation and preparation of

plans for remodeling exhibition and service areas. Silver Hall Facility (1952) 98,000

1. Modification of building #10 $25, 000

2. Build an additional storage building 73, 000

Total, Rehabilitation Projects . 200, 000

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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Salaries and Expenses

Schedule of Position Increases, Fiscal Year 1964 by Broad Programs,

Organization Unit Positions Man-Years Type of Position

Museum Operations

United States National

Other General Services Library 1

Museum Service _JL

Total, Museum Oper. 24

Scientific Research and Exchange of Scientific Information

1 / 15

Shipping Clerk - GS-3

Museum Specialist - GS-5

Aircraft Mechanic - W-ll

Planning Officer - GS-12

2 Guards - GS-7

2 Guards - GS-6

1 Laborer - W-5

8 Laborers - W-2

4 Mechanics - W-ll, 10, 6, 5 (for MHT)

Library Assistant - GS-4 Docents - GS-7

United States National Museum 22

(12 of the above 22 positions are for Oceanography)

Astrophysical Observatory 7

Canal Zone Biological Area

Bureau of American

22

~^thnology

2

1 Botanist - GS-11 1 Geologist - GS-12 3 Zoologists - GS-12

1 Oceanographer - GS-12

2 Oceanographers - GS-11 5 Museum Aids - GS-7

7 Museum Aids - GS-5

2 Clerical Assistants - GS-5

2 Astronomers- GS-13

2 Physicists - GS-12, GS-11

2 Astrophysicists - GS-12

1 Physical Science Technician - GS-9

2 Biologists - NM-11 2 Guards - NM-3

1 Technical Assistant - NM-7

1 Archeologist - Ethnologist - GS-14 1 Social Anthropologist - GS-il

Organization Unit

Positions Man-Years Type of Positions

.Scientific Research and Exchange of Scientific Information continued

Buildings Management

20

Other General Services Editorial & Publications 1 Library 2

19

1 ^

2 y

10 Laborers - W-2

5 Laborers - W-l .

5 Mechanics - W-1.0, .% 57,

2 - W-l (for East Wing) Editor - GS-7 Library Assistant - GS-4

Total, Scientific Research and Exchange of Scientific Information

GRAND TOTAL

59

83

58 73

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October 16, 1962

Comments as to the practical applications of basic research

In any field of biological research, the name of the plant or animal being considered is the key to the pertinent literature. Without this name the biologist cannot review the knowledge already published and available, and much duplication of effort is inevitable. It is essential that any biological scientist, be he ecologist, geneticist, agriculturist, forester, physiologist, anatomist, or other, have a precise identification of the organism he is studying. One of the functions of taxonomists is to provide such identifications. On the Smithsonian staff are specialists capable of providing such service to the scientific public' in numerous areas; but there remain fields not covered by our staff. It should be our aim to have an adequate corps of competent research taxonimists to identify practically any known plant or animal, or to name and describe any thus far unknown organism. While such an ideal state of staffing is scarely practicable, in view of the amazing diversity of nature, we continue to strive to attain it by seeking or training new specialists in the taxonomy of neglected groups of organisms.

It is impossible to predict the practical application of basic research in taxonomy, but applied scientists are well aware of the methods and the long-range advantages of so-called pure research. The importance of supporting such programs of basic science as those of the Smithsonian Institution, as a necessary adjunct to those programs dealing with the practical, application of previous research, is widely recognized. Examples of the use of existing knowledge in solving extremely practical problems ^.re legion. The need of such basic

Comments as to the practical applications of basic research

In any field of biological research, the name of the plant or animal being considered is the key to the pertinent literature. Without this name the biologist cannot review the knowledge already published and available, and much duplication of effort is inevitable. It is essential that any biological scientist, be he ecologist, geneticist, agriculturist, forester, physiologist, anatomist, or other, have a precise identification of the organism he is studying. One of the functions of taxonomists is to provide such identifications. On the Smithsonian staff are specialists capable of providing such service to the scientific public 1 in numerous areas; but there remain fields not covered by our staff. It should be our aim to have an adequate corps of competent research taxonimists to identify practically any known plant or animal, or to name and describe any thus far unknown organism. While such an ideal state of staffing is scarely practicable, in view of the amazing diversity of nature, we continue to strive to attain it by seeking or training new specialists in the taxonomy of neglected groups of organisms.

It is impossible to predict the practical application of basic, research in taxonomy, but applied scientists are well aware of the methods and the long-range advantages of so-called pure research. The importance of supporting such programs of basic science as those of the Smithsonian Institution, as a necessary adjunct to those programs dealing with the practical application of previous research, is widely recognized. Examples of the use of existing knowledge in solving extremely practical problems ^.re legion. The need of such basic

f

information is som'etimes not felt until the practical investigator oomes abruptly face to face with a seemingly insoluble problem; how much to his advantage it ' then appears if he can find the urgently needed background information already in the scientific literature - and what is more, if he can locate it promptly through the key provided by the correct identification of an organism.

During World War.II, those individuals familiar with research and development programs learned of the importance of basic taxonomic research, but the lessons were often hard ones. Information urgently needed to solve military, medical, or supply problems was more often than not unavailable, because taxomornists had been too few to cover all the areas of systematic knowledge, seemingly inconsequential, but sometimes abruptly and signifir cantly important. Examples of the practical applications of systematic knowledge are here mentioned.

The role of mammals, birds, and reptiles as natural reservoirs or as hosts for carriers of transmissable diseases and thus as menaces to public health is^ of course, well established. For years Smithsonian scientists have placed their highly specialized knowledge of the identities, distributions, and life histories of these vertebrate classes at the disposal of Federal agencies concerned with health and defense. The importance of such background information becomes urgent in certain parts of the world, often in remote and difficult tropical parts. Recently Smithsonian scientists have participated in or led exploratory expeditions requested by the defense agencies in Libya, Iran the Malagasy Republic, the Philippines, Vietnam, and other critical areas. The

2

specialized knowledge thus provided, based on years of study, is essential to identify and control the disease-carrying insects and other organisms.

As an example of the importance of highly specialized basic research in fish taxonomy, attention is called to current highly practical work on protection of military personnel and others against shark attacks. Smithsonian ichthyologists have provided and continue to provide the basic information as to the kinds of sharks, their habits, and their distributions. A complete file of documented attacks by sharks, maintained by the Institution, provides invaluable background for the intensive practical studies now under way by the Navy and other agencies.

In such highly specialized fields as the taxonomy of insects and mollusks, Smithsonian scientists continually apply their basic knowledge to the solution of important'problems in agriculture and health. Many thousands of identifications of insects per year, together with information about their.life histories and distributions, provide the essential basic knowledge needed by specialists in insect control and public health. The identity and habits of tropical snails that act as intermediate hosts of parasitic worms causing serious infections of schistosomiasis have been under study for a long period by Smithsonian taxonomists. During World War II control of this prevalent disease became an urgent military need, and the available basic knowledge was invaluable to defense agencies, the Rockefeller Institute, and medical schools in this country and in China.

For many decades marine biologists have studied the taxonomy, ecology, and distributions of snapping shrimp and other sound-producing marine animals.

While these studies were of biological interest as adding to the sum total of our knowledge, they were of little practical value until sonar was perfected during World War II. Then abruptly, the distribution of these forms and the quality of their supersonic outbursts became a significant factor in submarine and anti-submarine warfare.

Until recently the species of freshwater crabs of the Philippines;, as to their identities and ranges, were of interest to only a handful of carcinologists who unfortunately were too few adequately to explore the systematics of the crabs of the world,, However, medical officers began to suspect these crabs of being intermediate hosts for certain tropical disease organisms; when basic information about these crustaceans was needed it was unavailable and taxonomic \ studies had to be made hurriedly - rather than with the degree of care and thoroughness that really gives satisfactory results.

There was no practical incentive to study the taxonomy of sponges until the greater part of the Bahaman and Gulf of Mexico sponge beds were wiped out by an epidemic and this country found that it •was dependent upon expensive and dwindling supplies from abroad. Only then was it discovered that the species of even the commercial sponges were not sufficently well known to permit recommendations to be made concerning the repopulation of the old beds by disease = resistant species or the establishment of new beds in uncontaminated areas. This problem would have been easily solved had taxonomists in the past been sufficiently numerous so that one or two could have, for purely scientific reasons, devoted some years to the study of tropical American sponges.

4

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The field of botany also provides many examples of the practical value of taxonomic research. The wartime crash program to obtain South American Cinchona bark when Malaysian sources became closed was a well known success, made possible only because botanists already knew the identity, the distribution, and the abundance of native species of Cinchona . Upon the basis of this knowledge further search and procurement were promptly and efficiently pursued.

When clinical anesthesiologists discovered, some years ago, that the South American Indian arrow poison curare had great potential as a relaxing anesthetic for certain types of surgical work, it was important for them to know promptly the basic elements of this poison. Fortunately, botanists and ethnologists had made studies of the rare and obscure preparations of curare as made by several remote Indian tribes, purely to add to our store of basic knowledge. It was therefore possible for chemists to learn what botanical components entered into different types of curare s and to find out where these crude materials could be obtained and in what quantities. Research on the identity and distribution of these components, if undertaken after the medical usefulness of curare had been discovered, would have necessitated long and expensive field research.

Similarily, the search for fish poisons reputed to be similar in action to the Malaysian Derris led to the discovery by Smithsonian botanists of the identity of the tropical American plants known as barbasco , timbo , and cube , in some of which the percentage of rotenone content exceeded any known in the Old World. Availability of this information prior to World War II made it possible

for insecticide specialists to go to the precise areas and plants in our own tropics where urgently needed rotenone could be obtained.

In the geological field, Smithsonian staff experience and collections

acquired in the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake have proved of great

» importance in the new space age. The study of meteorites, a field in which

the Smithsonian is outstanding, is of great importance to the quest for greater

knowledge of outer space. On meteorites hang many theories of the composition

of the planets, the origin of the solar system, and even the composition of the

earth. But more immediate and practical problems related to artificial

satellites are also aided in solution by our studies of the shapes, movements,

and chemical composition of meteorites.

While the basic study of fossils would seem directed toward the solution

of philosophical questions such as the evolution of organisms and the geological

history of the earth, surprisingly numerous practical applications depend

upon a knowledge of the identity and distributions of fossils, both plant andanimal

As a single well known and often quoted example, the use of fossil Foraminifera

in locating oil deposits depends almost exclusively upon knowledge and staff

skills acquired in the pursuit of knowledge through basic research. Smithsonian

geologists have continually provided the essential understanding of Foraminifera,

a field in which a long staff tradiation and the world's outstanding collections

are imperative.

As an example of the practical application of basic research in physical

"v anthropology, one may mention that Smithsonian scientists knowl edge able about

the variations of human skeletal material are very frequently consulted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Memorial Branch of the Office of the Quartermaster General, Information requested often refers to whether or not the bones are human, and, if so, what are the sex, age, stature, cause of death, time elapsed since death, and other peculiarities that might aid in identification. Such problems are soluble only by a scientist with broad c

experience in the often abstruse field of physical anthropology.

In the field of ethnology, the specialized knowledge of staff members on the cultures of the peoples of newly developing countries has often been called upon by other Federal agencies such as the Department of State. This type of information, acquired over long periods by scientific study, may prove essential and urgent in a particular situation. The ethnological library holdings of the Institution, built up over a long period to support staff research efforts, provide a mine of information on highly specialized and little known customs and cultures.

The above examples merely underline the practical application of a few aspect; of basic know ledge in natural history. It must be emphasized that there is no possible way of determining if and when some of the lesser known groups of organisms will suddenly become important to man's well -being. Therefore it seems highly desirable to stress the need of acquiring information on all groups of organisms - information as to identifications, distributions, and ecology --primarily as a sound contribution to culture, but incidentially as insurance that practical problems, which arise suddenly and unexpectedly, will be soluble without loss of valuable time.

Iroquois Research at the Bureau of American Ethnology

Modern ethnology is dated by many from Lewis Henry Morgan?s field work among the Iroquois, beginning in 1847. Ethnological research on the Six Nations of the Iroquois has been practically continuous ever since. The Smithsonian supported some of Morgan's research which grew out of his study of the Iroquois Since the beginning of the Bureau of American Ethnology there have been few years when its staff did not include an Iroquois specialist. Other institutions, such as the National Museum of Canada, the New York State MuseVm s and several universities, have also supported extensive Iroquois studies. Precisely because of the great amount of scientific knowledge of Iroquois culture, these peoples are a very rewarding field for mode,rn anthropological research. There are several reasons for this:

1. No culture is ever static; one of the prime interests of anthropology is in the processes of culture change; the better documented the past of a culture is, the better subject it is for research on culture change.

2. Despite the amount of attention it has received, there are still areas of traditional Iroquois culture which are poorly known. Examples include some of the Iroquois languages (e. g. , Tuscarora, Onondaga; until recently,

-Seneca), some aspects of social organization, technology (particularly art), and some aspects of the on-going religious ritual. Furthermore, there are Iroquois communities whose local variants of the general Iroquois culture have hardly been examined.

3. For studies of a specific ethnological problem 5 it is almost always necessary to gather new field data: if a problem is worth-while, the chances are that adequate field data relating to it have not been collected (field work is the laboratory of the anthropologist). To examine a specific problem, it is a great advantage to be able to concentrate on it immediately during field work. It is an anthropological axiom that the parts of a culture are structured and interrelated ("integrated") in a complex way. Hence to investigate a given problem, a knowledge of the whole culture is needed. If most of this information is already available in competent analyses and descriptions in the literature -- as is the case with the Iroquois -- the field worker can formulate his program much more precisely and can save a great deal of time in field investigation.

A moment's reflection should show that the argument that a century of research should be sufficient to devote to one culture is fallacious. Science does not work that way. The questions we ask change continually, as our knowledge and understanding increase. Furthermore the Iroquois themselves are changing -~ Morgan collected good data on Iroquois social and political organization in the 1840' s; would anyone consider good data on the social and political organization of non-Indian towns in New York in the 1840" s adequate for an understanding of present New York towns?

/C-/C LX

Bureau o| American Ethnology

The Bureau of American Ethnology is the oldest center of anthropological research in the United States. Its publications,, research library^, and archives of manuscripts and photographs are all old, very extensive, quite uniques well known all over the world, and continually used by scholars and others.

Within the Smithsonian Institution's responsibility for "the increase and diffusion of knowledges " the Bureau of American Ethnology is specifically responsible for anthropological research on American Indians (and aborigines of other territories under the ijurisdiction of the United States). This research covers all scientific; prqblems and more especially a systematic study of the cultures of its native peoples. The Bureau of American Ethnology can and does

1

support important research on topics such as Indian languages, social organization, and religions.

The federal government has a special historical and ethical responsibility for research on the aborigines who were destroyed, displaced, subjugated, and surrounded by the European invaders. Indian cultures are hardly studied by scholars outside the United States; within American anthropology, there has been a shift towards research on the cultures of Oceania, Southeast and South Asia, Africa, etc. The needs and opportunities for American Indian research remain as great as ever, and as a consequence the research role of the Bureau is increasing in importance.

/ s\ _//_/. -?

Bureau of American Ethnology

The Bureau of American Ethnology is the oldest center of anthropological research in the United States, and one of the oldest in the world. Until about 1890, when university departments of anthropology began, it was the only such center in the country. It is still very unusual in being primarily devoted to research -- nearly all other anthropological institutions involve teaching, curatorial, or other duties in addition to (or to the exclusion of) research. The Annual Reports and the Bulletin series of the Bureau of American Ethnology, its research library, and its archive of several thousand ethnological and linguistic manuscripts and some 17,000 photographs, are all very old, very extensive, and nearly unique as compared with other anthropological facilities and publications. All are well known, have world-wide respect, and are constantly referred to by research workers and writers (anthropologists, historians, and others). During the 83 years of its existence the Bureau has issued 67 Annual Reports, 180 Bulletins with six currently in press, and 12 Miscellaneous Publications. The first 47 Annual Reports contain in addition to the administrative report, ethnological papers and monographs treating of all facets of aboriginal life, and numerous archeological reports. The 48th contains an index to all preceding reports, while those from 49 through 67 are wholly on the administrative work. The Bulletins comprise memoirs, articles, and monographs on language, native arts and industries, institutions and organizations, myths and beliefs, ethnobotany, ethnogeography, bibliographies of Indian

languages, physical anthropology, and archeology. Bulletin 30, sqonsiWng of two volumes, is the Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico . Bulletin 40, also in two yolumes, is the Handbook of American Indian Languages . Bulletin 78 is the Handbook of the Indians of California . Bulletin 143, consisting of six volumes of text and an index volume s is the Handbook of South American Indians.

■■■>■■■■ 11 ■■! I I . ■ ■■ II — ■ ■ ■ ■ ■—■ — ■ ■■■■ I. ■ III!

The last was a joint project with the Department of State's Interdepartmental Committee on Cultural and Scientific Cooperation, and includes the work of some seventy scholars in the American Republics. All of the volumes in the several series are study references, and are in continual demand by libraries, universities, professional anthropologists and students in all parts of the world.

The printing of manuscripts by the Bureau has not been restricted to those prepared by members of its own staff and the members of the Department of Anthropology at the Museum. The work of experts from other scientific institutions, colleges, and universities, and that of qualified independent investigators has been included. Throughout its 83 years of activity the Bureau has made extensive use of collaborators and contributors, and many of its important contributions to anthropological knowledge were derived from such sources.

The Bureau had its beginnings in the sporadic anthropological researches carried on by various members of the survey parties working in the Western Territories in the years immediately following the close of the Civil War. In 1879 Congress passed an act discontinuing the surveys and establishing the U.S. Geological Survey, That act also provided for the continuance of the anthropological researches that had been carried on by the surveys and directed

that all the materials which had been gathered should be turned over to the Smithsonian, and that the Institution assume responsibility for furthering the investigations. Major John Wesley Powell, who had been mainly responsible for the program of the Indian studies in the surveys was asked to direct the work for the Institution, and proceeded to organize the Bureau of Ethnology, the adjective 'American' being added to the title in later years. This was the first and for a long time the only example of a government agency committed to a systematic study of its native peoples, and one which subsequently served as a model for others elsewhere. Appropriations for the continuance of these researches have been made annually by Congress since that time.

Plans at first were to restrict investigations to the living tribes and tribal remnants in order that rapidly passing facts might be preserved. In 1881 as a result of public petition, Congress enlarged the scope of the Bureau and i

specifically required that research pertaining to prehistoric remains should be undertaken. Since then, and as now, both fields have occupied the attention of members of the Bureau staff. As the work progressed it became apparent that the Indians of the United States were only a part of much larger, and more wide-spread problems, and the field of studies was broadened until it now includes all of North, Central, and South America, the Hawaiian Islands, and the islands of the Pacific which are under the jurisdiction of the United States. The primary purpose of all of the research made by the Bureau has been the collection of information and other materials which could be used in the solution of problems rather than the collection of specimens for museum purposes. It

™ has not been necessary for Bureau investigators to direct their attention to sites or peoples which would be more productive from the standpoint of specimens. This has been a fortunate circumstance because it has enabled the Bureau to follow lines of study which most museums and other institutions were forced to abandon because of the fact that they were not always productive of items for exhibit and study collections.

Presumably it is not necessary to defend governmental support of pure science, or of anthropolqgy among the sciences. The support of anthropological research is part of the Smithsonian Institution's function for "the increase and diffusion of knowledge. " However, it may sometimes be necessary to justify the Smithsonian Institution's inclusion of a separate organization devoted to \ research on American Indian cultures -- particularly as the Smithsonian Institution also supports anthropological research within the United States National Museum. The latter, however, has been based on different aims. Its primary purposes have been well arranged displays of anthropological material for the benefit of the community at large and the thousands of visitors who annually visit its exhibit halls; the maintenance of the large research collections which are made available for those engaged in original research; the collection of materials in the field of specimens to fill gaps in the collections, and studies pertaining to the peoples and areas from which they were obtained. Members of the Museum anthropological staff have also done extensive research on the collections under their jurisdiction. This is a definitely different type of

iw4nthropological study from that pursued by the members of the Bureau staff.

The existence of the Bureau provides the opportunity to support research in topics not related to material culture or to the anatomical characteristics of physical man.

The federal government -- and American anthropology -= has a special historical and ethical responsibility for research on the aborigines who were destroyed, displaced, subjugated, and surrounded by the Eurjppean invaders. Just as these historical circumstances give the surviving Indians themselves a special legal and moral relation to the federal government and the general population (demonstrated in part by the continued existence and importance of the Bureau of Indian Affairs), so also do they require special attention to research on the history and the past and present cultures of the Indians, particularly those within the boundaries of the United States. These cultures are hardly studied by scholars outside the United States. Since World War II, with increased American responsibilities and interest abroad, there has been a corresponding shift within American anthropology away from concentration of American Indian research and tbwards research on the cultures of Oceania, ^.Southeast and South Asia, Africa, etc. Yet the needs and opportunities for American Indian research remain at least as great as they ever were, and as a consequence the reserach role of the Bureau of American Ethnology is increasing in importance.

The Bureau still has anbther very important role within American anthropology. It has been important in recent years both in the actual research conducted, and as a training facility for some of the leading professors of

^) anthropology in American universities. The latter have become established, have become better teachers and researchers, through the opportunities they had as members of the Bureau staff to concentrate on research during the early and middle years of their careers. Most anthropologists must plunge into teaching before they are adequately prepared for it, and squeeze their research into such time as is available after teaching responsibilities are filled. Those employed by the Bureau have an advantage in this regard over their colleagues.

Anthropological research increasingly includes more than studies based on museum specimens and the collection of more specimens. Anthropologists in the United States National Museum must either emphasize the collections, or divorce their research from their curatorial responsibilities. In that

Canal »

connection it is well known that museum collections not used for research deteriorate. It would be difficult to justify the employment in the museum, for example, of linguists and specialists in the study of social organization and religion, subjects which do not lend themselves to exhibits and can not be curated. This in itself is strong justification for the continuance of a separate unit such as the Bureau.

/O-Jb-bZj

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SALARIES AND EXPENSES - 1964 BUDGET Comparative Analysis by Activities and Objects of Expenditures (Dollars in thousands)

Pers.

comp.

Pers. benefits

Trans- Rents, porta-tion

comm. , utilities

Printing

Other services

Sup-plies

Equipment

Activity

Nurr.be r Year of Employees

12

22

33

4

37

120

141

25

166

5 6 1 7

2 3 2

5

4 4 0 4

11

16

1

17

12 13

1 14

0 1

0

1

4

7 0

7

0 2 0 2

42 47

3 50

187

233

15

248

409

506

52

558

10

17

6

23

0 0 0 0

2 3 1

4

2 2 2

4

0 0 0 0

3

4 1 5

3 2 0 2

0 17

0 17

1 1 0

1

0 5 0 5

6 8 0 8

56

67

5

72

83 126

15 141

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

1 0

1 1

41

38

0

38

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

41 48 13 61

83

86

14

100

98 97 45 142

212 289

128 417

2 2 0 2

4 4 0 4

0 0 0 0

3 24

0 24

18

7 4 11

0 22

0 22

17

18

6

24

0 6 0 6

12 28 14 42

609

562

7

569

975 1,059

204 1,263

21

32

- 2

30

111

120

65

185

0 0 0 0

8 10

1 11

4 4 0

4

0 5 0 5

15

14

3

17

0

0 0 0

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

1

56

78

7

85

159

190

28

218

374 455 102 557

60 111

18 129

43

30

151

181

2

1 2 3

3 1

3 4

0 0 0 0

4 9 0 9

18 12

1 13

0 2 0 2

1 3 0 3

0 2 0 2

16 104

572

602

521

1, 123

756

861

712

1,573

1/ Excludes $60 thousand for rent which is shown on schedules as a comparative transfer to GSA.

i£~/L-

10-19-62

j

trust Fund (ffcpen&L tares)

#3,137

7,01*3

6,031

9,079

12,998

11,906

11,1*79

11,585

11,352

10,501*

11,291*

10,817

9,718

7,920

9,292

7,001*

1*,513

11,018

21,000

20,000

/

INFORMATION EXCHANGE

Comparative Statement by SIE - Fiscal Years (November 1 through October 31)

1961 (Actual) $ 643,089

1962 (Actual) 825, 000

1963 (i-ropoaed) 1, 300, 000

1964 (Esttmated) 1, 500, 000

1965 {L stimated) 1. 750, 000

1966 (Estimated) 2, 000, 000

1967 ( atimated) 2, 500, 000

. resent status of funding for 10 months of 1963*

AEC $ 30,000

DOD 200,000

125, 000** FAA 36,000

NASA 100,000

NSF 225,000

PE 250,000

VA 65,000

TOTAL $1,081,000 [For 10 months

(November i, 1962 to August 3.1, 1963) which equals an annual rate of $1, 300, 000. ]

* The Governing Board asked the Smithsonian Institution to request line item funding for fiscal year i964. The 10-month funding provided by the supporting agencies will allow for a two month delay in passage of appropriation act after beginning of Federal fiscal year 1964. A continuing resolution would not be applicable as SIE has no direct appropriation for 19b3.

** One half of DOD 1962 funding ($125, 000) not received until October 1962 and will be carried over for use in SIE 1963 Budget.

)

KXANP2&S OF TYPHI THE I

EQDIPKEHT EX

>.5NIAN IK.

I IK FY 196U

Mational ffeuseum

Matural History

Museum of :Jistory

Technology

Batdonal Air Museum

cro3Cop«a and other laboratory equipment Steel shelving Pasteboard boxes

Office funiture, filing eases, etc* Sypeariters

Furnishing• for public spaces — benches, tables,

chairs, rugs I&hibition eases anl fixtures for exhibit

halls, including bases under heavy machines Furniture and equipment for staff workrooms Models, animations, reproduction machines and

instruments, dioramas, mannequins, and

other special devices Authentic museum objects required to complete

muaeum exhibits, such as old tools, early

scientific instruments, and prints

Filing and bookcase equipment

Specialised equipment for restoration laboratory

Projection equipment for exhibition area

Astrophysical Observatory Evaporators

Corrector lenses ReOffic toasters Comparators

Electric ttem standards Fewer converters

Buildings Management

Power handling equipment Ladders and scaffolds Projection equi ment for »* eting sooms Saws

Gleaning equipment Floor scrubbers

Office dumiture, lockers, etc. Other modern shop equipment to replace obsolete machines

10-19-62

Miss Hoemam

October 17, 19&2

A. F. Michaels d ^\

8 related costs-Fiscal Year 19^3

There are listed "below the estimated costs for the Museum of History and Technology Building for Fiscal Year 1963:

Utilities $ 89,000

Electricity $2^,000

Stew 65,000

Moving heavy objects

Supplies

Personnel (including benefits)

25,000 20,000

ffPiOOO

Estimated total

$523,000

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Salaries and Expenses

Detail of 25 Other Services for Fiscal Year 1964

United States National Museum :

Renovation of exhibits --GSA lets contracts ............ $340, 000

Restoration and repair of exhibits--we let contracts „ . . 115, 000

Design services for cases and preparing exhibits--we let contracts 54, 200

Tanning skins and mounting plants 7, 000

Contracting with specialists in\ connection with oceanography . . 15, 600 $531,800

National Air Museum:

Contract for repairs and services to exhibition equipments machine tools

National Armed Forces Advisory Board:

Contracts with consulting firms . . . . .

Astrophysical Observatory :

rvicing machines and scientific equipment ......

Computer services

Contracts for scientific projects

National Collection of Fine Arts

Restoration of paintings

National Portrait Gallery :

Contracts with consulting firms

Buildings Management Department :

Rehabilitation of buildings ..............................

Moving of museum objects and equipment ............. ° • .

Maintenance and repair of equipment; cleaning and repair

of uniforms, carpets .-

Contract for window cleaning, trash removal, cleaning and

repair Venetian blinds s and burglar and fire detection Contract for emergency service and inspection of elevators

and escalators

18,000

100,000

22,000

11,000

22,500

140,000

23,500

6,000

200,000 115,000

64,000

31,000

7,000 417,000

V

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION / Salaries and Expenses

Detail of 25 Other Services for Fiscal Year 1964 United States National Museum :

Renovation of exhibits --GSA lets contracts $340, 000

Restoration and repair of exhibits--we let contracts 115, 000

Design services for cases and preparing exhibits--we let contracts 54,200

Tanning skins and mounting plants 7, 000

Contracting with specialists in\connection with oceanography . . 15, 600 $531,800

National Air Museum:

Contract for repairs and services to exhibition equipment machine tools „ ......

11,000

National Armed Forces Advisory Board:

Contracts with consulting firms . . . . „ .

Astrophysical Observatory :

m rvicing machines and scientific equipment

Computer services

Contracts for scientific projects

18,000

100,000

22,000

22,500

140,000

National Collection of Fine Arts

Restoration of paintings . . . National Portrait Gallery :

23,500

Contracts with consulting firms . .

Buildings Management Department :

Rehabilitation of buildings ..............................

Moving of museum objects and equipment ................

Maintenance and repair of equipment; cleaning and repair

of uniforms, carpets . ... i .......................... .

Contract for window cleaning, trash removal, cleaning and

repair Venetian blinds, and burglar and fire detection Contract for emergency service and inspection of elevators

and escalators

6,000

200,000 115,000

64,000

31,000

7,000 417,000

W

Other General Services :

•ervicing office machines . . ......................... $9> 900

Health Unit--contract with Public Health Service .......... 19, 500

Lectour services for Smithsonian Museum Service 15, 000

Tuition for training program » o ............. 9> 100 $53, 500

Miscellaneous contractual services 58,000

Total other services requested for 1964 1, 263, 300

Note: The totals for some of the activities do not agree with other statements because some items actually related to those activities are included under "Miscellaneous. "

)0

/O-/£>-£ 2-

- 19S2

* David S. Beli Wwct^y, £ur«tu of tn* Budget feaacutive Oifica ttffta Pr#«i«aa£

Daar

taaat w* tfaaufeatttad to yaw *a a*tt»-»ata &(

appropriation Id s&t -.aoniaa laAtituHaa 1 * tfa-i fe\t4g*t f u«iiuv»ti-3»

■■•f«i#«iaaft Building la ta« HMWM M $6, Tlta *« suits o£ aagtaearing lavestigatiaaa »f tb* buUdiag,

| .*ub*a$aaMe ta tkm •afc&tiaalaa e»C this aattxftata, ladicata tfcat i&# a * e«at Rbould fea iacrsasad by $* r K ia* tfea «tag parpasa*:

K nest ai *^>d«& t»oi'»id r ig* $?0»&$#

?ffe ftttaat >'* : iag, wltlt- &**•»*« «»»taiLt mataflai

Raplacs'^aaf *1 at '-aada* 4raiaaga ay at-'

aJ raviaioa u-. ( -w

H«vi*®4 ^aftaata al aypyoptiatiaa

It w&aid be ag^raelatad if pa* wauid canaida* thl* lalt#r a» aa ->ad«K«at fc& #«r raqaaat £«r aapre^riatioaa Cor taa sis&ai -/aa* J ^44.

<tiicaraJy fours,

.. CARMICHAEL

&aa&ar-; .aaal

sgvfeMty

TWTAYLOR:JBRADLEY:lwr:10/19/62

cc:Pat.Off. Bldg. File(228) Budget Unit T^Taylor (2) Reading Files Extra

~7VWcL4Ls sM^JL

Y*-4~T~

GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION

Public Buildings Service

Washington 25, D.C.

!Hh2

b-

IN REPLY REFER TO: PCE

Washington, D. C.

Smithsonian Inst.

Old CSC Bldg. Mr. James Bradley Project No. 49260

Assistant Secretary Smithsonian Institution Washington 25, D. C.

Dear Mr. Bradley:

Reference your verbal requests for estimates relative to additive Items pertaining to the subject project we hereby submit same for your information.

Replace wood roof framing, etc. (7th Street Wing) with

fire resistive materials $7%000

Replace the storm rain-leader system - using copper

leads (Incl. Mech. & Structural) 112,000

There is a possibility that this price could be reduced

if a later study would warrant the reduction in size

of leaders.

The above items are In addition to our estimate of August J, 1962.

If we can be of any further assistance to you in this matter please contact us.

Sincerely yours,

C. G. Palmer

Acting Assistant Commissioner

for Design and Construction

Civil Service Commission Building

Comparative Estimate of Remodeling Costs (including planning)

Budget Request GSA Estimate

1963 8-7-62 for FY 1964

Design and Specifications .............. $330,000 $330,000

Surveys, etc. ........................ 29,000 29,000

Supervision ................ ...... 175,000 175,000

Office expenses, Public Buildings Service 14,000 14,000

Improvements 4,917,000 6,095,000

Furnishings and Equipment ............ 250,000 ---

Smithsonian Institution ................ 85,000 40,000

5,800,000 6,683,000

Less Planning Funds Appropriated fy 62 - 400,000 - 400,000

Total Estimate ........... FY 1963 5,400,000 FY 1964 6,283,000

The General Services Administration made the two above estimates in entirely different contexts. The 1963 budget estimate was made in November, I960. Subsequently, studies in drawings by the contract architect and engineer have developed need for additional improvements not contemplated in November, I960. A comparison of the amounts for improvements which the 1963 budget estimate would have allowed and the amounts necessary to meet the needs brought to light by the architect and the engineer's work are as follows: Comparative Statement of the 1963 and 1964 Budget Requests for Improvements only

Estimate Estimate Est. Improvement Costs : 11-8-60 (FY 1963) 8-7-62 (FY 1964 ) Difference

Demolition & Protection $150,000 $307,000 +$157,000

Windows and Stonework 100,000 113,000 +13,000

Approach Work & Landscaping, etc. 250,000 232,000 -18,000

Elevators 221,000 396,000 +175,000

Air conditioning 1,113,000 1,149,000 +36,000

Roof 30,000 496,000 +466,000

Interior Marble, Title, Terrazzo 260,000 370,000 +110,000 Items of Built-in Equipment to be

included in construction contract 155,000 319,000 +164,000

Other 2,266,000 2,266,000

Est. Construction Contract 4,545,000 5,648,000 +1,103,000

m

Estimate Estimate

11-8-60 (FY 1963) 8-7-62 (FY 1964) Difference

(Contingencies .............. $347,000 $422,000 +$75,000

eservations ............... 25, 000 25,000 ---

Estimate Improvement Costs 4,917,000 6,095,000 +1,178,000

e differences are explained below:

Demolition and Protection increased due to necessity for replacement of roof and work on skylights.

Windows and Stonework --It will be necessary to replace the gxanite steps at the 7th Street entrance, and also to repair, caulk and paint the windows.

Approach Work and Landscaping --It will be necessary to replace sidewalks and a number of trees. However, the allowance of $250,000 in budget request for 1963 would provide a surplus of $18,000 over the current estimate.

Elevators-It has been necessary to add a dock lift^; passenger elevator and elevator in the kitchen area.

Air conditioning --The slight increase in this item is due to the increase in construction prices at no increase in scope of the work.

,oof °-In lieu of repairing the present roof, it will be necessary to replace it. It is proposed to install a,monel metal roof and cover the skylights with gypsum plank.

Interior Marble, Tile ? and Terrazzo-The increase in this item is due to replace-"merit of floors with marble, mosaic and terrazzo.

Items ol Built-in Equipment included in construction contract --The 1963 budget request included an allowance of $155, 000, to which it has been necessary to add the following:

Lockers and bases . $4, 000

Shelving and Bookstacks 18, 000

Auditorium seats 14, 000

Counters and Cabinets 6, 000

Additional Kitchen and Cafeteria Equipment . 85,000

Movie Screens and curtain tracks. .......... 3, 000

Spray booth in varnish room 4, 000

Screen racks for paintings 30, 000

Total _ 164, 000

Other construction Items --The 1963 budget request is sufficient to cover all other

Atems of construction.

Contingencies - -are increased proportionately to the estimated construction contract.

!

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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

SALARIES AND EXPENSES - 1963 BUDGET

Comparative Analyst, by Activity. .„d Object* of Expenditure.

iJ

CM (M"

ift sO CM CM (M

CM

00 cM

^ -tf

^

O CM O CM

o o m o^ m ^ ^

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nO o cM on

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—* O "^ ^

o o cm oo in vo vO

*j cm oo

sO nO

CO vO

ctj o^

a; <—< u

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A

CM oo

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CO vO

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the ,-

a

co

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CM OO sO vO

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CO vO

Si s

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CM oo

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CD

0

CO sO

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CD f-H

4

O

CM oO

vO O

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d o

d) i—i

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i

*

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SALARIES AND EXPENSES - 1963 BUDGET Comparative Analysis by Activities and Objects of Expenditures (Dollars in thousands)

Pers. comp.

Pars.

benefit.

Travel

Trans- Rents, Cont.

porta comm., Print serv Sup-

tion utilities lag ices piles

Equip -

Activity.

Number

Year of 11

Employees

U

41

44

Li

LA

Lb

Lb

31

Total

r

| -'lanajraunt 1961

1964

Increase

1963

United States National 1961

Muieiun 1964

Increase 1963

Sinaii ol American 1961

Ethnology 1964

Increase 1963

| Aitropbyaical 1961

Obiemtory 1964

Increase 1963

|Silioul Collection of 1961

tFineArte 1961

Increase 1963

tional Portrait 1961

lallery .. .*. 1964

Increase 1963

National Air Mueeum 1961

1964

Increase

1963

Canal Zone Biological 1961

Area. 1964

Increase 1963

International Exchange 1961

Service 1964

Increase 1963

National Armed Forces 1961 Museum Advisory 1964

Board Increase

1963

Buildings Management 1961

Department 1964

Increase 1963

>htr General Services 1961

1964

Increase

1963

19

19

3

44

371

400

91

491

9

11 0

11

44 40 11 SI

7 14

5 17

5

5

44

44

0

44

U 13

4 15

11

11

1

14

4 4

335

387 145 534

85

96

11 107

*

1961 895

1964 1,013

Increase 476

1963 1,489

1/ 4/ 3/

153

164

18

184

4.318

4.567

589

3. 156

74

85

5

90

435

374

98

470

49

71

Si

104

38 38

161

169

4

171

31 44

5 49

54

51

7

58

14 14

1.539 1.780 1/

665 4,411

543

591

70

661

5.133 5,894 y 1,544 7,404

11 14

I 13

167

185

44

427

5

6 0

6

17 47

7 34

4 5 i 8

4 4

II

14

0

14

4 3 0

3

4 4 I 5

I 1

113 148 £/

54 178

38

44

5 47

374 444 114 536

LI

4 4 0

4

58 55

14 69

4 4 0

4

14 15

3 18

4 1 0

I

16 16

I 10

0 10

85 88 38

146

33 34

16 50

0 17

0 17

617

594

18

614

4 1 0

1

37 75 39

114

0

1

2 3

3 3

IS

IS

0

IS

1 I

0

I

4 0 0 0

4 2

IS

19 41 40

45 41 86

753 76S

126 894

94

96

S 104

60 60

2,036

2. Ml

9S7

3.427

tss

1.06S 171

1.436

•.too

9.141 2.244

11,354

Includes $71 thousand of the proposed supplemental estimates Includes $ 5 thousand of the proposed supplemental estimates Includes $35 thousand non-recurring rent; excludes $40 thousand rent to GSA

«

«*