page 13 List of Grants:

13 Archeology and Related Disciplines

25 Systematic and Environmental Biology

29 Astrophysics and Earth Sciences

32 Museum Programs

34 SFCP Grant Administration

MUSEUM PROGRAMS AND RELATED RESEARCH (SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM)

PROGRAM PURPOSES AND LIST OF GRANTS

INTRODUCTION

The Smithsonian Institution's Special Foreign Currency Program makes grants in United States-owned foreign currencies to United States institutions, including the Smithsonian itself, to conduct research projects in the so-called "excess" foreign currency countries. In FY 1979, the "excess" foreign currency countries were Burma, Egypt, Guinea, India, and Pakistan. The Smithsonian program supports research in Archeology and Related Disciplines, Systematic and Environmental Biology, Astrophysics and Earth Sciences, and Museum Programs.

The Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program awards grants when applicants have fulfilled three requirements. These are: 1) the favorable recommendation by a national advisory council of qualified scholars; 2) the concurrence of the appropriate American embassy and host government overseas; and 3) the completion of appropriate cooperative arrangements with host country institutions.

This supplement to the Institution's FY 1981 appropriation request describes: 1) the Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program within the context of the basic Smithsonian purpose; 2) some of the Program's achievements; 3) its goals for FY 1981; and 4) projects for which obligations were incurred during FY 1979.

THE GLOBAL NATURE OF THE SMITHSONIAN'S CHARTER

The purpose of the Smithsonian Institution is "the increase and diffusion of knowledge." This quotation from the will of its founder, James Smithson, was made part of the Institution's enabling legislation enacted by the Congress in 1846, chartering the Institution and leading to the eventual designation of the Institution as the custodian of the National Collections.

The Smithsonian's first Secretary, Joseph Henry, implemented the charter through support of basic research and publication not only in Washington but through a global network of correspondence devoted to these same ends. At the same time, the Institution began to acquire substantial collections of biological and geological specimens and of archeological and ethnographic materials, derived both from its own research and from U.S. Government programs. The Institution continues to conduct research and education programs and to improve its collections. Today the Institution is acknowledged to be a major national resource for the study of natural and cultural history and to be without equal anywhere on earth.

PROGRAM OF GRANTS FOR FIELD RESEARCH

The purpose of the Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program is, like that of the Institution itself, "the increase and diffusion of knowledge." The Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program supports this purpose by making grants to United States universities, museums, and other institutions of higher learning, including the Smithsonian itself, primarily for research and advanced professional training in fields of traditional Smithsonian competence. An appropriation of $3,700,000 equivalent in excess foreign currencies is sought for these grants. An additional $750,000 equivalent in Indian rupees is sought to support the forward-funded reserve for the American Institute of Indian Studies. The funds requested, particularly for this forward-funded reserve, will be used for studies similar to those funded by the other grants, but will not be used until the current excess currencies in India are depleted.

The Smithsonian program is a major source of excess foreign currency support for research carried out by United States institutions in the excess currency countries. The Smithsonian program is distinguished from other Special Foreign Currency Programs in that the full responsibility for the design, execution and publication of research results rests with a scholar working within the program of a United States institution.

The Smithsonian program strengthens the research and training activities of collaborating institutions abroad, for most projects directly involve host country institutions and scholars. Enduring professional ties which result from such joint efforts and scholarly exchange contribute to the strongest form of United States cultural relations with other nations. Moreover, these ties contribute to the integration of the worldwide advancement of science which serves to narrow the gap between the industrial and the developing nations.

The Importance of Research in the Natural Sciences and Cultural History

The density of world population and the impact of technological development make it important to understand their effect on the natural environment and on society. Research sponsored by the Smithsonian in the natural sciences and in cultural history is aimed at improving understanding of the environment, of the management and protection of scarce resources, and the cultural setting within which social changes take place.

Grants awarded by the Smithsonian in systematic and evolutionary biology have contributed to the understanding of the individual and the surrounding environment. In FY 1979, grants supported the following projects of special interest:

— research involving 40 million-year old fossil finds in Burma pushes back the date of the earliest probable anthropoid primate by 10 million years, which adds to the speculation that the Southern Asian subcontinent is the place of origin of higher primates; and

— study of the nitrogen cycle of a mangrove estuary in western India, which provides criteria for managing this important system of buffers against shoreline erosion.

In astrophysics and earth sciences, contributions were made to the study of the earth and its management. For example:

— a geological investigation of quaternary deposits in the Nubian desert, through which climatic changes can be identified and approximate dates of occurrence determined, is providing information which will help to predict future impact on land use and conservation.

Smithsonian grants in cultural history contribute to an understanding of the individual and society. In FY 1979, grants supported work which resulted in:

— the discovery of 18,000-year old barley in the Western Egyptian Desert which doubled the known age of agricultural cultivation;

— film documentation of disappearing ritual art forms in India, giving new insight to ancient cultural traditions and their modern day changes; and

— translation and study of popular Arabic narrative ballads which will make an important art form available to Western audiences.

The special role of museum programs in acquainting one people with the culture of another continued to be demonstrated in FY 1979 with Smithsonian support for exchange programs. For example, a museum specialist recently surveyed the national museum system of Guinea in order to initiate a program of professional museum exchanges.

The Importance of Multi-Year Grants

Since the inception of its Special Foreign Currency Program, the Smithsonian practice has been to provide funding on an annual basis for most of its grantees even though approved proposals are frequently of a multi-year nature. This has been done because until FY 1979 the Smithsonian appropriation was sufficient to allow for only occasional multi-year grants. (Multi-year funding is the standard practice of other Special Foreign Currency Program agencies.) Beginning in FY iy79 and continuing in FY 1980, with appropriations of $3,700,00 equivalent in foreign currency, multi-year funding of major programs on a regular basis has been possible. Such funding is important for several reasons. Rational planning requires the advance commitment of professors and graduate students as well as of facilities. The broad objectives of the participating institutions also depend on the coordination of such resources. Multi-year grants, with annual disbursement subject to a finding by the Smithsonian advisory councils that satisfactory progress in the prior year has been made, are essential to provide reasonable assurance of funding to these institutions. Further, the Smithsonian has found it necessary

to undertake multi-year funding on those occasions when it was essential to protect investments in successful projects against the possibility that some excess currency accounts would be exhausted. This happened in Poland and Tunisia in FY 19 77 and is expected to happen again in Egypt no later than FY 1981.

Benefits to United States Institutions

Since the inception of the program in FY 1966, Smithsonian grants have been made to 207 United States institutions in 40 states and the District of Columbia to support more than 600 individual projects. Publications known to have resulted from program grants totalled more than 1,200 at the end of FY 1979.

Collections of original biological specimens and archaeological and ethnographic materials are acquired in the course of field research. They remain available for further study and interpretation by other generations of scholars long after the research teams supported by the Smithsonian have dispersed and their conclusions have been published. More than 100 such research collections have been placed in United States universities and museums. A similar number of collections have been added to the research resources of the excess currency countries.

The benefits of the program have extended to a far larger number of institutions than the 207 United States institutions which have received grants directly. For example, three of the grantee institutions are consortia of United States scholarly institutions. They are the American Institute of Indian Studies (AIIS) in Chicago, Illinois, with 32 institutional members; the American Research Center in Egypt (ARCE) in Princeton, New Jersey, with 26 institutional and approximately 600 individual members: and the American Schools of Oriental Research (ASOR) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with 135 member institutions.

Smithsonian grants have supported the research in India of 298 AIIS fellows over the 12-year period from FY 1968 through FY 1979. The fellows were drawn from 43 United States institutions in 22 states. Program grants have also supported 54 ARCE projects over the 14-year period from FY 1966 through FY 1979, and since FY 1977, 33 ARCE fellows have received Smithsonian support. Nine ASOR excavations in Israel and Tunisia provided research opportunities for more than 260 senior U.S. scholars and field training for more than 324 graduate students. The Indo-American Fellowship Program, initiated in FY 1977 under the auspices of the Indo-U.S. Subcommission on Education and Culture has sent 26 scholars from U.S. institutions to India.

The FY 1980 Appropriation

For FY 1981, the Smithsonian requests an appropriation of $4,450,000 equivalent in foreign currencies which have been determined by the Treasury Department to be in excess of the normal needs of the United States. This appropriation will be used to continue a program of grants to United States institutions for field research in those countries where excess local currencies are available. Of the total requested, $2,800,00 will be available for

one-year funding of continuing projects, $400,000 will support new projects, and $500,00 will provide multi-year funding of projects for which assurance of funding continuity is important. The appropriation request includes $750,000 equivalent in Indian rupees for a second installment to the forward-funded reserve in support of future programs of the American Institute of Indian Studies.

Scientific Review Under the Smithsonian Program

The Smithsonian program considers proposals from any qualified American institution for research in fields of traditional Smithsonian competence. The program seeks the advice of experts in the specific area of sciences to be studied in reviewing the proposals and annually convenes advisory councils of senior scholars from across the nation. Following the recommendation in the House-Senate Conference Report 95-1672 dated September 29, 1978, the National Science Foundation has agreed to review the credentials of the members of the advisory councils and certify their competence. The councils discuss and evaluate the proposals, taking into consideration the experts' opinions, and provide specific advice to the Smithsonian regarding the priority among and selection of proposals recommended for support.

Foreign currency awards to other institutions are executed as normal Federal contracts, with the American grantee institutions providing for full fiscal accountability. The Smithsonian audits each grantee's periodic financial reports and where grantees maintain records abroad, conducts site audits to ensure that appropriate accounting procedures are followed.

Whether funded originally on a multi-year or on a one-year basis, projects lasting more than one year are subject to an annual review of scientific progress by the advisory councils before another year of funding is approved. In addition, Smithsonian staff scientists and program advisory council members visit projects in the field when firsthand scientific reports are considered necessary. Smithsonian policy requires that grantees publish scientific results and that scientific collections be readily accessible to the scholarly community.

The Importance to the Smithsonian of Awards for Research

Access to funds for independent research is an essential factor in enabling the Smithsonian to attract and retain leading researchers and thereby to maintain a standard of excellence as a research institution. In this context, the Institution's initial request in FY 1966 for an appropriation of excess foreign currencies made it clear that Smithsonian scholars would compete for these funds. The appropriation justification in that year stated that the Institution would "...award and administer foreign currency grants... for maximum benefit of all participating institutions, as well as the Smithsonian." This appropriation has provided Smithsonian scientists an opportunity to pursue new and innovative research.

Under the Special Foreign Currency Program guidelines, Smithsonian proposals are reviewed by the same councils of distinguished scholars as are proposals from other institutions. Continuing projects also are subject to annual reviews. (These processes are described above in the section entitled

"Scientific Review under the Smithsonian Program.") The Special Foreign Currency Program awards to Smithsonian employees, as to other scholars, often involve participants from other organizations and universities as collaborators. No Smithsonian employee, nor any other grantee, receives personal compensation to duplicate or supplement his salary. Program awards cover only field research costs in the excess currency country and travel to that country.

The awards to Smithsonian employees are executed as normal Federal allotments to the individual bureaus of the Institution for the support of approved employee projects. Such funds are expended in accordance with Federal procurement and personnel regulations.

Special Foreign Currency Program Appropriations and the U.S. Taxpayer

An appropriation for this program does not add to the tax burden of Americans because the money used for foreign currency grants comes from U.S. holdings of foreign currencies abroad in existing accounts that were established in connection with the "Food for Peace"(PL. 480) program. These accounts were generated largely through sales of surplus U.S. agricultural commodities abroad in exchange for local currencies. In cases where these are greatly in excess of the projected normal U.S. needs, the Treasury Department designates them "excess foreign currencies." They then become available through the Special Foreign Currency Program appropriation process for U.S. uses like scientific research.

Erosion of these accounts by inflation is in many countries dramatically reducing their value to the United States. Indian and Pakistani rupees have, for example, lost almost half of their value since 1970. As a consequence, when a worthy use of these excess currencies can be identified through programs like the Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program, the U.S. can effectively employ at least some of these currencies before inflation effectively eliminates their usefulness.

FORWARD-FUNDED RESERVE FOR THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR INDIAN STUDIES

Founded in 1961 by a consortium of 15 United States universities and colleges, the American Institute of Indian Studies' purpose is to promote American scholarship at the pre-and post-doctoral level on India in all recognized fields of the humanities and the social and natural sciences. Funding for U.S. administration is raised through dues paid by member institutions, and from foundation grants from several sources. As of 1979 the number of consortium members has grown to 32 with about 100 fellows in India at any given time, in a variety of programs. Funding for research and local administration in India is now primarily provided through the Smithsonian, with lesser amounts being contributed by the Office of Education (language teaching programs only), National Science Foundation (fellowships in specific disciplines), International Communications Agency (fellowships), and the Ford Foundation.

The Smithsonian and the AIIS share common purposes: education and scholarship, global intellectual understanding and the promotion of research. Research at the Institute takes several forms: individual research in any recognized field; joint projects such as the one resulting in the publication of the Encyclopedia of India's Philosophies ; long-term projects, one of which has been the continuing project at the Center for Art and Archeology at Benares

which will make available an archive of photographs, largely of Indian temples and monuments, for students and the scholarly public; and language teaching programs, now given in five of the 14 major Indian languages.

Through its competitive grants program the Smithsonian has provided annual funding to the American Institute of Indian Studies for fellowships, research, symposia and publications and for administrative costs. The Smithsonian has helped sustain this Institute and other American research centers abroad for more than a decade because of their significant contributions to scholarship and science without regard for national boundaries and their special service to American scholars conducting research.

While the amount of Indian currency available to the U.S. government is still large, it is a finite fund in inactive accounts. With inflation rates in India at a high level, it will probably disappear more quickly than had been anticipated in the past. Various estimates are offered for when this may occur; some suggest as early as five years hence. Since the end of "excess" currency status historically has happened suddenly, the Institution proposes to reserve funds for the AIIS to avoid a situation similar to the one which developed in Egypt. (In late 1978, funds for new American research in Egypt dried up suddenly, placing in doubt the future of American archeology and cultural history studies there and jeopardizing the continued existence of the very successful Cairo Center of the American Research Center in Egypt.)

By building a substantial foreign currency reserve fund now, the Smithsonian hopes to seize the opportunity to make AIIS financially secure on a long-term basis, and to encourage other such centers to make the effort necessary to develop funding from other sources for the period beyond that of support by the Smithsonian. Toward this end, for FY 1981, the Smithsonian is seeking $750,000 equivalent in Indian rupees to add to the reserve fund. An amount of $500,000 in Indian rupees was appropriated in FY 1980 to initiate the fund. The reserve is to be maintained intact, until such time as the depletion of the United States Indian rupees account causes its removal from the "excess" currency list.

Long-term support for the AIIS is feasible and highly desirable. As a result of its long relationship with the AIIS, the Smithsonian has confidence that the mutually acceptable and beneficial working relationship can be continued. The AIIS is a very viable organization, standing in high regard with the Indian Government and the scholarly community.

Future requests are anticipated in succeeding fiscal years aimed at bringing the fund to a level capable of supporting basic AIIS activities for five years after the rupee is declared to no longer be "excess." In each fiscal year the funds will be obligated to AIIS but will not be made available for use until the end of the "excess" designation. Until that time the AIIS will continue to compete for Smithsonian grant funds as they do now and given their past history of success can be expected to receive continued support. A system of annual scholarly and financial review will be developed for the administration of the reserve fund.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

MUSEUM PROGRAMS AND RELATED RESEARCH

(SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM)

SUMMARY OF OBLIGATIONS, ACTUAL AND ESTIMATED FY 1979, FY 1980, and FY 1981

Obligations of Funds by Program Area (dollar equivalents)

FY 1979 Actual

Archeology and Related Disciplines $2,714,000

Systematic and Environmental Biology 405,000

Astrophysics and Earth Sciences 181,000

Museum Programs 98,000

SFCP Grant Administration 1/ 67,000

National Science Foundation— Science Information Program (Translations) 2/ 182,000

TOTAL $3,647,000

FY 1980 Estimate

$2,765,000

703,000

248,000

304,000

20,000

493,000 $4,533,000

FY 1981 Estimate

3/ 3/

- $3,000,000 -

761,000 164,000 295,000

20,000

350,000

$4,590,000

Burma

Egypt

Guinea

India

Pakistan

TOTAL

Obligations of Funds by Country (dollar equivalents)

FY 1979 FY 1980 FY 1981

Actual Estimate Estimate

$ 4,000 $ 35,000 $ 50,000

1,398,000 800,000 375,000

1,000 8,000 10,000

1/2/ 1,951,000 --

293,000 -

3,280,000 -'-'-' 3,720,000 -'-'-'

$3,647,000

410,000 $4,533,000

2/

435,000 -

$4,590,000

1/ Includes transfers to the State Department for "Foreign Affairs Administrative

Support."

2/ Includes transfers to the NSF Science Information Program for translations.

3/ Includes obligation for AIIS forward-funded reserve: FY 1980-$500,000;

FY 1981-$750,000.

MUSEUM PROGRAMS AND RELATED RESEARCH (SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM)

FISCAL YEAR 1979 - ACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

Actual Obligations by Program Area (dollar equivalents)

Archeology and Related Disciplines

Systematic and Environmental Biology

Research Projects

$2,676,000

377,000 Astrophysics and Earth Sciences 167,000

Museum Programs

TOTAL FOR RESEARCH SFCP Grant Administration NSF Science Information

94,000

, Research , — Development —

$38,000

28,000

14,000

4,000

$3,314,000

2/

Program-Translations TOTAL

3/

$84,000

Total

$2,714,000

405,000 181,000

98,000 $3,398,000

67,000

182,000 $3,647,000

Burma Egypt

Guinea

India Pakistan

TOTAL

Actual Obligations by Country (dollar equivalents)

Grant Administration and Agency Transfers

$

50,000

149,000 50,000

$ 249,000

2/3/

3/

Research Proj ects

$

1,347,000

1,730,000

237,000

$ 3,314,000

$ 84,000 $ 3,647,000

1/ These projects are described in the Grants List which follows.

2/ Includes transfers to the State Department for "Foreign Affairs Administrative

Support."

3/ Includes transfers to NSF Science Information Program for Translations.

MUSEUM PROGRAMS AND RELATED RESEARCH (SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM)

FISCAL YEAR 1980 - ESTIMATED OBLIGATIONS

Estimated Obligations by Program Area (dollar equivalents)

Research Research

Projects Development Total

Archeology and Related .

Disciplines $2,732,000 - $ 33,000 $2,765,000

Systematic and Environmental

Biology 683,000 20,000 703,000

Astrophysics and Earth Sciences 238,000 10,000 248,000

Museum Programs 289,000 15,000 304,000

TOTAL FOR RESEARCH $3,942,000 $ 78,000 $4,020,000

SFCP Grant Administration 20,000

NSF Science Information Program--

Translations 2/ 493,000

TOTAL $4,533,000

Estimated Obligations by Country

1/ Includes transfers to the State Department for "Foreign Affairs Administrative

Support."

2/ Includes transfers to NSF Science Information Program for translations.

3/ Includes $500,000 obligation for AIIS forward-funded reserve.

MUSEUM PROGRAMS AND RELATED RESEARCH (SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM)

FISCAL YEAR 1981 - ESTIMATED OBLIGATIONS

Estimated Obligations by Program Area (dollar equivalent)

Research Research

Projects Development Total

Archeology and Related _,

Disciplines $2,967,000-' $ 33,000 $3,000,000

Systematic and Environmental

Biology 741,000 20,000 761,000

Astrophysics and Earth Sciences 154,000 10,000 164,000

Museum Programs 280,000 15,000 295,000

TOTAL FOR RESEARCH $4,142,000 $ 78,000 $4,220,000

SFCP Grant Administration — 20,000

NSF Science Information Program—

Translations 2/ 350,000

TOTAL $4,590,000

Estimated Obligations by Country

1/ Includes transfers to the State Department for "Foreign Affairs Administrative

Support." 2/ Includes transfers to NSF Science Information Program for translations. V Includes $750,000 obligation for AIIS forward-funded reserve.

MUSEUM PROGRAMS AMD RELATED RESEARCH (SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAMS)

STATUS OF FUNDS (dollar equivalents)

Unobligated Balance, Start of year

Appropriation

Recovery of Prior Years' Obligations

Unobligated Balance, End of year

FY 1979 Actual

+ 60,000 + 3,700,000

220,000 333,000

FY 1980 Estimated

FY 1981 Estimated

+ 333,000 + 100,000 + 4,200,000 + 4,450,000

100,000

100,000

100,000

60,000

TOTAL OBLIGATIONS

3,647,000

4,533,000

4,590,000

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION MUSEUM PROGRAMS AND RELATED RESEARCH (SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM) Fiscal Year 1979

List of Grants ARCHEOLOGY AND RELATED DISCIPLINES

The study of archeology, anthropology, and related fields such as ethnology, are studies of changes in the human condition brought about by the environment and by cultural factors and are limited by our biology. Societies such as ours that are undergoing rapid change are subject to increasing pressures to accommodate new factors. These societies must look to studies of the history of man as well as to studies of today's condition to find answers to such questions as:

a) How have societies responded to similar pressures in the past?

b) What are those elements in our condition that are biological imperatives or are so culturally interdependent that we dare not change them? For example, is the family unit essential to the survival of our civilization?

c) What are the current options available to today's societies?

The urgency to understand the forces demanding change in human societies has caused scholars to study man and communities, past and present, for a better grasp of the process of social change.

Projects of United States institutions which contribute to understanding these processes and which received support in FY 1979, are listed below.

Obligation Principal

Number Institution Investigator 5 Eqv.

EGYPT

1. FC80425800

Amend. 5, 6, 7, American Research Center P. Walker $908,779 1/

8 and 9 in Egypt, Princeton, NJ

The American Research Center in Egypt (ARCE) is a consortium of 22 United States universities and museums and over 600 individual scholars devoted to research and teaching about ancient and modern Egypt. The ARCE is a unique national resource because it is the principal source of money on an annual basis in the United States for the advancement of knowledge and understanding of ancient and Islamic Egypt as well as the training in Egypt of area specialists. Moreover, the ARCE has served the U.S. national interest by sustaining active scholarly collaboration between the U.S. and Egypt during the periods of political stress when other contacts have been interrupted. SFCP support of the ARCE has totalled 4,877,484 equivalent in Egyptian pounds over a fourteen-year period for the support of research projects. Projects receiving new funds in FY 1979 are listed below.

1/ Total for following parenthetical amounts (items la through Ik.)

Principal Institution Investigator S Eqv.

a. U. of Chicago L. Bell ($77,000)

A project that has been continuing for more than fifty years has carefully preserved through color reproductions the rich history of ancient Egypt carved and painted on the surfaces of its temples and monuments. The work is being carried out at Luxor before the monuments there are completely eroded and undecipherable.

b. American Schools of Oriental Research,

Cambridge, MA J. Holladay ($70,000)

Archeological investigations of the historical, cultural, economic and ancient topographic problems of the Wadi Tumilat in the eastern delta of the Nile.

c. U. of Maryland C. Butterworth ($16,000)

Averroes or Ibn-Rushd, as he was called in the Arab world, was one of the most important students of Aristotle. His commentaries on Aristotle's work are unequalled. The goal of this project is to edit and publish Arabic manuscripts of Averroes' Middle Commentaries on Aristotle's Organon .

d. American Research

Center in Egypt P. Walker ($115,000)

Smithsonian grants to ARCE have supported the Cairo Center which serves as an American scholarly presence in Egypt by maintaining a reference library and by sponsoring lectures and symposia which involve the scholarly community in Egypt. The Cairo Center also provides administrative support for its members' research by obtaining research, import and export permits, housing, supplies and personnel, and by keeping project financial records and by publishing research results.

e. American Research

Center in Egypt P. Walker ($520,000)

Support was given to the ARCE Fellowship Program for research in ancient

and modern Islamic thought, history and art. ARCE fellows receiving support during FY 1979 are listed below.

U. of Michigan M. Allen

California State U. D. Crecelius

Centre Audio Visuel, France P. De Jesus

U. of Chicago

U. of Texas

The Oriental Institute, U. of Chicago

Sorbonne, Paris

SUNY, Binghamton

U. of Toronto

The Oriental Institute, U. of Chicago

U. of Toronto

W. Kaegi

K. Koptiuch

P. Lacovara

M. Lane

R. LaTowsky

E. Meltzer

E. Sherman

R. Taylor

American Research Center

in Egypt D. King

($18,710)

The Smithsonian and the Egyptian National Library are preparing a critical catalogue of the Library's medieval scientific manuscripts and analyzing scientific works of particular importance in astronomy and mathematics. Several of these documents suggest that some of the geometrical mechanisms employed by Copernicus were developed 250 years earlier in the Islamic world.

New York U.

D. Hansen

E. Ochsenschlager ($2,000)

This publication of the excavation of the stratified ancient port of Mendes

in the Nile River delta involves Greek and Roman settlements dating from

300 B.C. to the early Christian era. This site is providing greater insights into the life of an ancient Mediterranean port town.

Brooklyn Museum New York, NY

B. Bothmer

($10,000)

American museum professionals are preparing a catalogue on the art objects in the new Luxor Museum of Ancient Egyptian Art as well as designing and writing label information. All data will be provided in English, French and Arab ic.

l.

U. of California, Berkeley

K. Weeks

($48,292)

The preparation of a detailed map of archeological remains in the Theban necropolis on the West Bank at Luxor will provide a very valuable research tool for Egyptologists.

Obligation Principal

Number Institution Investigator $ Eqv.

j. U. of Kentucky W. Adams ($25,277)

For 3,500 years the fortress site of Qasr Ibrim was a major administrative and religious center and is the last major archeological site threatened with inundation by Lake Nasser which was formed by the construction of the Aswan Dam. Investigation concentrates on an unexcavated temple which was converted in the sixth century A.D. to a Christian church and on the houses and other remains of the mysterious Ballana Kingdom (fourth century A.D.) of which there is very little information.

k. American Research

Center in Egypt P. Walker ($6,500)

The study, development, and analysis of a restoration plan for a major Mamluk palace will be a model for experimental art historical restoration methodology in Egypt. It is hoped that this restoration will serve as a catalyst for other restoration projects and the revitalization of medieval Ca iro.

2. FC80250500

Amend. 2 U. of Chicago J. Johnson $45,975

Study of the Red Sea port town of Quseir and its relationship with overland and maritime trade throughout history.

3. FC80185500

- Amend. 3&4 Southern Methodist U. F. Wendorf $63,000

Geological and archeological studies of the Egyptian desert are establishing a chronology of environmental changes and the appearance and development of early man. This study of the geological past has resulted in discovery of a great quantity of water available at shallow depth, which seems to be a useful source of water for modern agriculture.

4. FC80662700

Amend. 1 Washington State U. F. Hassan $49,446

The origins of agriculture and human cultural adaption to a changing environment are being explored in a study in the Siwa Oasis,

Obligation Principal

Number Institution Investigator $ Eqv.

5. FC90194300 Brown U. R. Caminos $60,000 FC90878600

An epigraphic and architectural survey of all the pharaonic and pre-pharaonic remains at Gebel es-Silsilah, Upper Egypt, will complete a twelve-year study of the site which has exceptional significance in the history and religion of ancient Egypt.

6. FC90558100 U. of Washington J.L. Bacharach $15,956

Systematic study and production of a catalog of Islamic coins in the National Library at Cairo will provide base data for future numismatic studies.

7. RFTX900575 and

Amend." 1 Columbia U. P. Cachia $6,247

The transcription, translation, and study of popular narrative ballads of modern Egypt.

8. RFTX902482 Oberlin College J. Eliash $4,165

Translation of selections of the al-Kafi fi'Ilm ad-Din by Abu Ja'far b. ya' qub b. Ishag al Kulayni.

9. FC90513100 U. of Pennsylvania D. Redford $20,000

Domestic, temple, and administrative occupation, as well as trading patterns in the Nile Valley are being studied with modern archeological techniques at East Karnak, ancient Thebes, a residence and capital of the Egyptian empire.

INDIA

10. FC90589200 &

Amend. 1 & 2 American Institute FC80559800 of Indian Studies

Amend. 2 & 3 Chicago, IL E. Dimock, Jr. $760,571

The American Institute of Indian Studies (AIIS) was founded in 1961 and today has a membership of 29 United States institutions. The AIIS is a unique national resource because it is the principal source of money on

an annual basis supporting in the United States the advancement of knowledge and understanding of India as well as the training in India of area specialists. Moreover, the AIIS has served the U.S. national interest by sustaining active scholarly collaboration between the U.S. and India during periods of political stress when other contacts have been interrupted. Disciplines sponsored by the AIIS are increasing from the original concentration on social sciences and the humanities to include the natural sciences as well. Smithsonian support of the AIIS has totalled more than $4,760,500 equivalent in Indian rupees over a fourteen-year period.

American Institute of Indian Studies

E. Dimock, Jr. ($146,841)

The AIIS provides support for its fellows and for a major language program from a headquarters in New Delhi and small offices in Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, and Poona.

b.

American Institute of Indian Studies

E. Dimock, Jr. ($613,730)

The principal activity of the AIIS has been the appointment of fellows. The SFCP currently provides most of the funds for this fellowship program, AIIS fellows receiving support during FY 1978 are listed below.

Junior Research Fellows : U. of California

U. of California

U. of Chicago

U. of Chicago

U. of Chicago

■

U. of Chicago

U. of Michigan

U. of Minnesota

U. of Minnesota

New York U.

Ohio State U.

U. of Pennsylvania

Keith Jefferds George Surnam Glen Hayes Carol Lin-Bodien Ann Rose Bruce Sullivan Girija Brilliant Amalendu Chakraborty Larry Lockway Marilyn Hirsh Janice Dundon Andrew Fort

U. of Pennsylvania

U. of Pennsylvania

U. of Pennsylvania

Texas A&M U.

U. of Texas

U. of Washington

U. of Wisconsin

Nancy Fusfeld David Rudner Frederick Smith Clifford Rice Rex Edwards Douglas Knight George Crevoshay

Senior Research, Short-Term, Faculty Training, Library Service, and Professional Development Fellows : Amherst College Robert Thurman

Brown U.

California State U.

U. of California

Carleton College

Carleton College

U. of Chicago

U. of Chicago

City U. of New York

Cleveland Museum of Art

Columbia U.

Columbia U.

Duke U.

Duke U.

U. of Hawaii

U. of Hawaii

Hobart & William Smith Colleges

U. of Illinois

Donna Wulff Jeffrey Feldman Jyotirindra Das Gupta R. Arnold Burghardt Holly Reynolds Kali Bahl Lloyd Rudolph Jayana Sheth Stanislaw Czuma Philip Oldenburg Judith Walsh Mahadev Apte Mohammed Siddiqi Rama Nath Sharma Kashi Upadhyaya Margaret Egnor Hans Hock

U. of Iowa U. of Iowa Loyola Marymount U. U. of Michigan U. of Michigan

U. of Michigan

U. of Minnesota

U. of Minnesota

U. of North Carolina

U. of Pennsylvania

Southern Illinois U.

State U. of New York at Oswego

Temple U.

Victoria & Albert Museum

U. of Washington

Washington U.

Williams College

U. Federal Fluminense, Brazil

Translation Fellows : Fordham U.

Independent

Independent

U. of Pennsylvania

John Beddow Gerard Poishton Katharine Free Lawrence Brilliant Walter Spink Hiram Woodward Patrick Roche Joseph Schwartzberg Judith Katona-Apte Francine Frankel Terry Alliband Geraldine Forbes Vishala Sridhar Linda Leach Dauril Aiden Nicholas Demerath Milo Beach Rudolph Bauss

Anne Feldhaus Lynn Ate Kenneth Langer Richard Lariviere

Obligation Number

11. FC80948900 Amend. 1

Institution

American Institute of Indian Studies

Principal Investigator

G. Possehl

$ Eqv.

$1,000

Publication of a comprehensive body of literature on the 4500-year old cities of the Indus civilization.

12. FC80450000 American Institute Amend. 3 of Indian Studies FC90684500 and Amend. 1

F. Asher

$343,870

The Center for Art and Archeology at Benares, India, is a vital research facility serving scholars of ancient and modern India from all over the world. The Center was established to apply rigorous scholarly standards to the massive job of photographing and indexing the art collections and the temples and monuments of India which abound in every region of the subcontinent. The archive of more than 30,000 photographs continues to grow as important projects such as the photographing collections in the India Museum in Calcutta are undertaken.

13. FC80363800

Amend. 1&3

American Institute of Indian Studies

J. Gutman

$15,517

Examination of 19th and early 20th century photographs in India will enable scholars to reconstruct the social history of the period.

14. FC90192000

American Institute of Indian Studies

E. Dimock

$55,756

Participation of AIIS representatives in the 10th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences.

15. FC90621000

FC80559800

Amend. 4

American Institute of Indian Studies

E. Dimock

$53,031

The AIIS administers projects of translation, edition, and publication of scholarly texts.

16. FC90686100 Asia Society, NY, T. Tanen $160,101

agent for the American Panel of the Indo-U.S. Subcommission on Education and Culture

The Indo-American Fellowship Program, established in late 1975, was created to widen the circle of scholarly/professional contacts and increase the

extent of collaboration between the U.S. and India. Fellowships are granted for research in India, primarily at the postdoctoral or equivalent level with substantial collaboration with Indian colleagues. The fellows who received support in FY 1979 are:

17. FC80948100 Amend. 1 RFTX903519, RFTX903518

U. of Pennsylvania

B. Spooner

$7,513

A conference on the global ecological problem of desertification, focusing on discussion of social and cultural problems related thereto. Convened in connection with the 10th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences.

18. RDTX90307 9

Herbert H. Lehman College

J. Mencher

$4,973

Anthropological investigations in four traditional rice-producing regions of India will outline the involvement of women in Indian agriculture.

19. RDTX901149 & RD903916

Smithsonian Institution R. Sorenson

$2,977

Ethnographic film study of a nomadic herding society, Pashtoon people of Afghanistan, some of whom have settled in India.

Obligation Principal

Number Institution Investigator $ Eqv.

20. RFTX903832 U. of Iowa M. Alexander $3,150

The publication of a corpus of tile and stone mosaics from Tunisia is making available a wealth of data on the social, religious, and other cultural and artistic aspects of life in Roman times in Tunisia.

21. RDTX900784 Indiana U. R. Dorson $2,292

Preparation of a volume of Indian folk tales will add important new material to a worldwide series.

22. FC90377000 & U. of Wisconsin J. Elder $90,958

Amend. 1,

RDTX900952 &

Amend. 1,

-53, -60

Preparation of six documentary films on selected aspects of contemporary South Asian civilizations.

23. RDTX900574 Columbia U. C.R. Jones $2,362

Documentation for the first time on film and in a monograph of rapidly disappearing ritual art forms will cast new light on cultural traditions and the changes they are undergoing.

24. RDTX900927 &

Amend. 1, RDTX900928 & Southern Methodist U. F. Wendorf $11,982

Amend. 1 FC90505300

Publication of The Afian : A Study of Stylistic Variation in a Nilotic Industry .

25. RFTX901144 American Research D. King $830

Center in Egypt

Examination of medieval Arabic astronomical manuscripts in Indian collections .

26. RDTX900672 U. of Wisconsin J. Silverberg $3,575

A study of the changing patterns of production in an Indian village will introduce the use and local construction of solar energv devices.

Obligation Principal

Number Institution Investigator $ Eqv.

27. RFTX900702 & U. of California, J.F. Staal $3,153

Amend. 1 Berkeley

Documentation by film of the Agnicayana ritual, one of the most complex and ancient rituals of mankind, which after a continuous tradition of performances over some 3,000 years, was celebrated for the last time because of the gradual disappearance of qualified Brahmin scholars.

28. RDTX900758 Lawrence U. J. Stanley $2,855

A study and interpretation of Marathi poetry and folk songs in Maharashtra and northern Mysore will further the understanding of Bhakti Literature.

29. RFTX900759, -60 U. of Hawaii W. Solheim $10,209

& Amend.1,

-61 & Amend. 1,

-62 & Amend. 1,

-63 & Amend . 1,

-64 & Amend. 1

Travel assistance for American anthropologists participating in the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association meeting, part of the 10th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences.

PAKISTAN

30. RFTX901655 Smithsonian Institution W. Trousdale $2,362

Examination of the techniques of early mining and smelting in Pakistan is expected to determine the relationship of smelting sites in Afghanistan with early metallurgy in the Indus Valley and Baluchistan.

31. RDTX901557 Columbia U. M. Forman $2,044

Research film will portray the life of a Moslem saint residing in a small farming village in Pakistani Punjab.

25 SYSTEMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY

For much of our history as a nation, we have regarded technology as the key to the betterment of the human condition. It is a concept that once stood virtually unquestioned and which has profoundly influenced changing cultural patterns around the world. Today, however, it is becoming increasingly obvious that technology exacts its price, one that is multiplied by new levels of population. Biological scientists who once concerned themselves with laying the brick-work of the edifice of human knowledge now find themselves with a new responsibility. We now know that it is imperative to establish norms for our environmental systems, to monitor changes, and to predict the consequences of social policies that may have an injurious environmental impact. American scientists are again the leaders in international research efforts in these new fields. Through the long-term collaborative relationships between American and foreign institutions and scholars, research conducted under the Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program serves as a foundation for the intense efforts that will be required to solve the problems of biological science that transcend national boundaries.

Obligation Principal

Number Institution Investigator $ Eqv.

BURMA

32. RDTX900756, -57 U. of N. Carolina R. Ciochon $4,157

U. of California,

Berkeley D. Savage

Development of project entitled "Stratigraphic and Paleobiologic Investigations of Fossil Anthropoid Sites in Burma."

EGYPT

33. FC80948300 U. of Michigan J. Burch $1,240 Amend. 1

Research into the freshwater snails of Africa, Genus Bulinus , is providing the basic systematic, geographic, and ecological data for the eventual control of these carriers of schistosomiasis, a serious public health problem.

Obligation Principal

Number Institution Investigator $ Eqv.

34. FC80947900 Amend. 1

RFTX903566 Duke U. E. Simons $27,250

The Fayum Province of Egypt is the only accessible site in Africa for recovery of land vertebrates dating to the Oligocene epoch some 35,000,000 years ago. Quarrying of this site promises to expand our knowledge of the early primate ancestors of man and related primates and to improve our understanding of their ecological setting.

INDIA

35. RFTX901555, -556

- 815 Smithsonian R. Higgins $7,694

Institution

Study of the interdependence of living organisms in some tropical freshwater Indian lakes is developing principles of management of biological productivity in these lakes and comparing results with similar studies of temperate lakes in North America, contributing to understanding the processes of life in all bodies of freshwater.

36. RFTX901145 Smithsonian F. Fosberg $456

Institution

Scientists from all over the world are contributing to the revision of Trimen's Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon , the handbook which has provided the basic nomenclature for tropical flora.

37. RFTX901578 Bernice P. Bishop

Amend. 1 Museum, Honolulu, HI. D. Devaney $322

Comparative study of important collections of ophuiroid brittlestars at the Zoological Survey of India.

38. RFTX902483, -84, -85, -86, -87 and Amend. 1,

-88 U. of Miami H. Teas $21,454

Determination of the kinetics of nitrogen cycling in a mangrove estuary in Western India, is the first step in developing management criteria for mangrove systems, important buffers against shoreline erosion.

Obligation Principal

Number Institution Investigator $ Eqv.

39. FC90194400 and U. of North Carolina R. Ciochon $39,953 Amend. 1

Symposium on the "Origin of the New World Monkeys and Continental Drift" at Bangalore, India.

40. RDTX903655 Our Lady of the Lakes U.

San Antonio, TX. D. Belk $2,523

Study of the zoogeography of the Anostraca (shrimps) of south India.

41. FC90161500

RFTX901475 U. of Michigan P. Gingerich $24,669

U.S. participation in symposium "Adaptive Grades in the Evolution of Primates" at Bangalore, India.

42. FC90383900 Smithsonian Institution R. Simons $6,529

Support for U.S. participants in the International Symposium on the Tiger in New Delhi, India.

43. RDTX900955, -956 Harvard Medical School D. & S. Hrdy $7,996

Behavioral study of the Hanuman langur (Presbytus entellus) will give helpful insights into viral evolution.

44. FC90161600 Brown U. A. Schrier $11,961

Participation of U.S. officers in the International Primatological Society International Congress at Bangalore, India.

45. RDTX90143400 Smithsonian Institution P. Slud $3,645 A comparative study of tropical forest avifaunas in southern India.

46. RDTX900815, -9 57 and

Amend. 1, -958, -959 Smithsonian J. Eisenberg $7,334

Institution

Participation by four U.S. biologists in the International Primatological Congress at Bangalore, India.

Obligation Number

PAKISTAN

47. FC90174300 and Amend. 1. FC90881700

Institution

Principal Investigator

$ Eqv,

Yale U.

D. Pilbeam

$154,615

In a search for fossils of small and large animals in Pakistan, particularly for primates dating from the time of man's earliest development, a collaborative effort between Yale University and the Geological Survey of Pakistan is striving toward a better understanding of the evolution of man.

48.

FC80241100 Amend. 2, FC90229300

Howard U.

S. Hussain

$40,071

Field studies of recently discovered vertebrate fauna from the Miocene lower Siwaliks of Pakistan, includes six families of rodents and two of insecti-vores some of which are new to South Asian fossil deposits.

49. FC90846900

U. of Michigan

P. Gingerich

$26,020

A search for Paleocene and Eocene (55-65 million year old) fossil mammals in Pakistan will substantially contribute to our knowledge of the evolution of mammals and their geographic distribution.

50. RFTX900503, -901410, -901013 and Amend. 1, -901011, Smithsonian

RFTX90114600 Institution

F. R. Fosberg $14,531

Scientists from all over the world are contributing to the revision of Trimen's Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon; the handbook has provided the basic nomenclature for tropical flora. In 1979, five scholars visited the National Herbarium at Rawalpindi to compare herbarium specimens x^ith those collected in the field.

51. RDTX901012

Smithsonian Institution

K. Krombein $2,380

Consultation with specialists at the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control is providing comparative information on entomological studies in Sri Lanka.

ASTROPHYSICS AND EARTH SCIENCES

The study of astrophysics and earth sciences is the study of man's available energy and mineral resources. Studies of the stars and their origins reveal much about the origin, composition, behavior and fate of the Earth. The forces governing the stars are the same as those governing the star which is our Sun. The Earth was born of solar minerals, and the Sun remains the source of all energy, fossil or otherwise, available to man today. Uranium, for example, which provides the fuel for atomic power plants, is present in the Sun as well as in the earth. Coal and oil are fossil remains of plants and animals which once relied on sunshine for life, just as all life does today.

Studies, like those listed below, which received Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program support in FY 1979 are contributing to knowledge essential to meet man's future energy and mineral needs, to understand and predict such natural phenomena as earthquakes, and to foster space age developments. Such projects help host nations, particularly the developing nations, improve their scientific output while providing United States institutions with collaborators, facilities or field research opportunities essential to the conduct of such studies, judged most likely to advance man's knowledge of his available energy and mineral resources.

Obligation Numb er

Institution

Principal

Investigator $ Eqv.

EGYPT

52.

FC90247700 FC90878700

U. of Arizona

C. Haynes

$31,071

Geological investigation of quaternary deposits of the Nubian Desert to understand the factors controlling prehistoric occupation of the area and to predict future man-climatic factors on land use and conservation.

53. FC80215700 Amend. 1 RFTX902527, RFTX903948, -949

Smithsonian Institution

F. El-Baz

$36,405

Data from surface surveys in the Western Desert of Egypt is being compared with information from satellite photographs to provide a description of desert erosion and sand movement for use in efforts to reverse nature's "desertization" process.

54.

Obligation Number

FC70225900 Amend. 1

Institution

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA

Principal

Investigator $ Eqv.

M. Pearlman $46,819

The operation of an Egyptian Satellite tracking facility at Helwan Observatory adds another link in the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory's global tracking network which supports studies of the earth's motion and magnetism and of the upper atmosphere.

55. RFTX903459

Smithsonian Institution

D. Stanley

$2,340

The Nile River has historically deposited large volumes of rich sediment on its bank and in the Mediterranean. The construction of the Aswan Dam has almost eliminated these deposits. A cooperative oceanographic study will seek to ascertain the effect of this man-made environmental change on the Mediterranean Sea floor at the mouth of the Nile.

56. FC90878500

U. of Pennsylvania

H. Faul

$12,223

Studies of the geology and time sequences of the alkaline ring-like formations, which occur in the eastern desert of Egypt shed new light on the fundamental earth processes associated with the birth of the oceans and develop guides for mineral exploration.

57. RFTX901619 and Amend. 1

U. of Pennsylvania

R. Giegengack $1,730

Laboratory studies are determining the physical and chemical properties of Libyan Desert Silica Glass, a naturally occurring glass of unknown origin.

INDIA

58.

RDTX901577

U. of Colorado

M. Wyss

$125

Studies of the great shallow earthquake areas of India will provide information contributing to future earthquake prediction.

59.

RFTX900576

Smithsonian Institution

R. Fudali

$2,601

Gravimetric survey of the Lonar Crater in India.

Obligation Principal

Number Institution Investigator $ Eqv.

60. FR5-46242 Smithsonian

Amend. 3 Astrophysical M. Pearlman $12,060

RFTX901474 Observatory,

Cambridge, MA

The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observing Station at the Uttar Pradesh State Observatory, Naini Tal, India, is the only satellite tracking station in the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory network located on the Asian land mass. This station makes possible observation of man-made satellites passing over South Asia. It employs tracking cameras and contributes to studies devoted to an understanding of the movement of the continents, the shape of the Earth, the nature of its upper atmosphere, and how these are influenced by the Sun and the other planets.

61. RFTX902680 U. of California,

Los Angeles R. Lingenfelter $2,370

Travel to Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) Symposium on Non-Solar Gamma Rays at Bangalore, India.

62. RDTX903776 and Smithsonian

Amend. 1, -777, Astrophysical E.M. Gaposchkin $12,853

-778, -903 Observatory,

Cambridge, MA

Development of a cooperative laser satellite tracking station in India.

63. RFTX902588, -589, International Solar

-592, -593, -594, Energy Society W. Shropshire $13,026

-595 Washington, D.C.

Travel for six Indian participants in the International Solar Energy Society Congress held in Atlanta, Georgia.

64. RTTX902958, -959, Harvard College A. Maxwell $6,385 -960 Observatory

Participation in Indo-US workshop, "Solar- Terrestrial Physics," at Udaipur, India.

65. RDTX903381 Smithsonian F. El-Baz $747

Institution

Consultation with specialists at Geological Survey of India on morphological studies of the Rajasthan desert.

MUSEUM PROGRAMS

The scope of museum activities is growing and changing. The traditional museum role has been the care and preservation of scientific specimens and cultural objects for study and reevaluation as new techniques and data become available. Today museums also have a growing role in the transmission of man's cultural heritage to future generations, a role belonging traditionally to universities. They also play a growing role in communication between present-day cultures, drawing together peoples of different lands when language barriers prevent exchange of basic information. Museums are now making more use of their skilled personnel and their collections for popular education. Increasingly, museums are broadening the interpretation of museum collections to include living cultural traditions such as crafts and the performing arts.

Projects like those listed below, which received Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program support in FY 1979, support both the traditional and the newer roles of museums. These projects respond to those needs of the museum profession not met within the natural sciences and cultural history areas of the Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program.

Obligation Number

Institution

Principal Investigator

$ Eqv.

EGYPT

66. RFTX902021 and Amend. 1, -22, -23, -24 and Amend. 1, -25 RFTX902259

Smithsonian Institution

E. Atil

$13,947

A survey of Islamic art of the Mamluk period (1250 to 1517 A.D.), particularly the architectural monuments of Cairo, was undertaken as a preliminary step in the development of an exhibition and documentary film as well as scholarly examination of the material.

67. RDTX902973

Capital Children's A. Lewin Museum, Washington, DC

$1,370

Travel to Cairo and Luxor to assess possibilities for establishing a children's museum.

GUINEA

68. RDTX901041 and Smithsonian A. Bassing $1,104

Amend. 1 Institution

Survey of national museum system and program of professional museum exchange.

Obligation Principal

Number Institution Investigator $ Eqv.

INDIA

69. RDTX900755 Puppeteers of N. Staub $873

America

New Orleans, LA

An initial survey of cross-cultural folk traditions using folk puppets to promote international understanding among diverse cultures of Africa and Asia.

70. RFTX901272 Carnegie Museum of J. Swauger $2,202

Natural History

Continuing exchange of museum professionals between National Museum of Natural History of India and the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

71. FC90319500, Asia Society, NY T. Tanen $72,880 FC807443 and agent for the

Amend. 2 American Panel of the

Indo-US Subcommission on Education and Culture

Development of museum professional programs under the Indo-US Subcommission on Education and Culture.

72. RFTX902681 Smithsonian M. Sivadasan $2,228

Institution

Travel support for an Indian botanist to Washington to take up a predoctoral fellowship at the Smithsonan to do research on araceaes of southwestern India.

73. RFTX901041 Smithsonian A. Bassing $2,620

Institution

Survey of national museum system and program of professional museum exchange. PAKISTAN

74. RDTX901576 Puppeteers of N. Staub $1,145

America

An initial survey of cross-cultural folk traditions using folk puppets to promote international understanding among diverse cultures of Africa and Asia.

SFCP GRANTS ADMINISTRATION

Obligation Principal

Number Institution Investigator $ Eqv.

EGYPT

75. FC90684400 Smithsonian Institution $50,000

To provide administrative support for Smithsonian FCP activities in Egypt. INDIA

76. 3300-81-01 Smithsonian Institution $10,122 (Rev.)

Indian rupees were transferred to the State Department for Foreign Affairs Administrative Support, the costs incurred by the State Department in providing administrative support to Foreign Currency Program grantees in the excess currency countries.

77. GATX900655

Amend. 1, -670, Smithsonian Institution $5,572

-671

This obligation supported inspection and audit of research projects and liaison with host country governments by Smithsonian scientific advisory council members and by Smithsonian staff.

78. GATX900954 Smithsonian Institution W. Dillon $1,008

Attendance at the 10th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences in India and consultation with Indian anthropologists regarding participation in future Smithsonian Institution symposia.

PAKISTAN

79. GATX900671 Smithsonian Institution $266

This obligation supported inspection and audit of research projects and liaison with host country governments and institutions by Smithsonian scientific advisory council members.

TRANSFER TO NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION (NSF)

Obligation Principal

Number Institution Investigator $ Eqv.

80. NSF, Science

Information Program $182,000

Indian and Pakistani rupees were transferred to NSF for translations of publications of priority interest to scholars conducting research in the natural sciences and cultural history.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES

3 9088 01681 0947