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mankind, the new Center will make an Important contribution to the global understanding on which our future depends.

But the Quadrangle will not simply be an exhibit space. It will be an international center for research and symposiums, a center for the exchange of ideas between cultures. As an apolitical showplace and forum, it will provide a meeting ground in which visitors from both worlds can gather in an atmosphere where all can feel at home. James Smithson spoke of his hope for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among all men. This institution was to benefit all, not merely Americans - but how better to benefit Americans than through this Center, a living force for illumination and hope?"

Gift of Dr. Arthur M. Sackler

Almost simultaneous with the passage of the Quadrangle appropriation last year, we were extraordinarily fortunate to receive from Dr. Arthur M. Sackler a pledge of $4 million toward the construction costs and a extraordinary gift of approximately 1,000 works of art, conservatively valued at more than $50 million, which will be housed in a new gallery bearing his name. The gift includes 153 Chinese bronzes from the Shang (circa 1523-1028 B.C.) through the Han (206 B.C. - A.D. 220) dynasties, 68 Chinese paintings from as early as A.D. 960 into the 20th century, and outstanding examples of Chinese lacquer. The donation also includes large groups of metalwork pieces and sculpture from the Near East, India, Cambodia and Thailand. The Sackler objects have been selected carefully and complement the Freer collections extremely well.

QUADRANGLE STATUS REPORT

Construction

The Institution has received all necessary approvals to proceed with construction. We are now working with the Fine Arts Commission on the final details of the landscaping plans. Site preparation already has begun with the relocation of shrubbery and trees (mainly to the Museum Support Center), the relocation of utility lines that pass through the Quadrangle, and the erection of necessary fences.

With construction plans and specifications completed and printed, invitations to bid on construction were issued on February 22, 1983. Public opening of the bids is scheduled for April 26. The construction period is expected to take 30 months, beginning this summer and ending early in calendar year 1986.

Fund Raising

I am most pleased to report that we have made considerable progress— stimulated by the receipt of the Federal share of funds—toward achieving our goal of raising the nonappropriated share of $37.5 million. To date, we have received approximately $30 million in cash and pledges from domestic and foreign corporations, foundations, individuals, foreign governments, and in commitment of the Institution's nonappropriated Trust funds. A further sum of $4 million in individual donations is in the final stages of negotiation. A measure of the widespread support for the project from individuals across the country can be seen in the response to our recent appeals to our Resident and National Associates. Thus far, we have received over $1.1 million from more than 27,000 people who have donated an average of $40.00 each. We are very proud of these individual contributions. To us, this excellent response particularly in stressful economic times underscores the importance of our efforts to transcend international divisiveness and encourage appreciation for the universal achievements that unite mankind.

Program Development

The Quadrangle complex, in addition to housing the Sackler Gallery and providing space for the National Museum of African Art, will also make available facilities for the Resident and National Associate Programs, the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service and an International Center in its

363,000 gross and 203,000 net square feet. Annual operating costs for these activities are anticipated to total S30 million by FY 1988, of which approximately two-thirds will be derived from nonappropriated Trust funds. This figure Is consistent with that Included in our latest "Five-Year Prospectus" and will be updated during the next three years as we approach occupancy.

In December 1982 we took two further steps in the program development of the Quadrangle project, establishing a new Center for Asian Art and two standing committees for the art and cultures of Asia and Africa. Embracing both the Freer Gallery of Art and the future Sackler Gallery of Art, the new Center for Asian Art—a new line item in our FY 1984 request—will be under the direction of the Director of the Freer Gallery of Art. This administrative arrangement has been made in order to assure a coordinated approach to the Smithsonian's programs for the study and display of Asian Art while at the same time encouraging the development and maintenance of a distinctive character for each. The Committee for Asian Art and Culture and the Committee for African Art and Culture will forge a closer working relationship between the National Museum of Natural History/Museum of Man, which contains numerous objects of African and Eastern ethnographic interest, and the Center for Asian Art and National Museum of African Art respectively. The two committees will exchange information on planned exhibitions, research projects, acquisitions and seminars.

MUSEUM SUPPORT CENTER - STATUS REPORT

The construction of the Museum Support Center in Suitland, Maryland, was substantially completed in January 1983. Following adjustments and testing of the fire alarm system, air handling systems and ot.ier plant equipment, the Smithsonian will approve acceptance of the facility, now anticipated for early April. During the initial period of occupancy, adjustments to the plant and equipment will continue, the process of installing the storage and laboratory equipment, relocating staff, and moving the collections into the Center will be initiated and the security system will be completed. Using the $500,000 and 28 positions appropriated by the Congress in FY 1983 and the additional reprogramming authority, essential mechanical maintenance and security personnel already have been brought on-board.

Equipment and Move

Since FY 1980, the Institution, in association with the General Services Administration, has been overseeing the design of specifications for the collections storage systems to be located in the Museum Support Center. To date, a sum of S8.0 million has been appropriated for this equipment and a further $2.8 has been appropriated for laboratory and other equipment. In FY 1984 we are requesting $2.4 million for the modular, three-tiered storage equipment and $1.5 million to complete the purchase of laboratory and other equipment. Using the appropriation provided in FY 1981, the GSA awarded in September 1982 a contract for fabrication of a storage system for "wet" collections (those stored in alcohol or formaldehyde solutions) of the Oceanographic Sorting Center and the National Museum of Natural History. The installation of this equipment is scheduled to be completed by November 1983 with the move of the "wet" collections occurring shortly thereafter. The solicitation of bids for the three-tiered modular system is set tentatively for mid-April.

According to our current schedule, the move of the collections of the National Museum of Natural History/Museum of Man and National Museum of American History to the Center should be completed in about three years. The scheduled program of equipment procurement and installation, which we have worked out in great detail, is the keystone to accomplishing an efficient occupancy of the Center.

With the $6.0 million appropriated to date, we will purchase storage equipment that will hold the Anthropology, Entomology and Invertebrate Zoology collections. The FY 1984 storage equipment request of $2.4 million will be used for the Vertebrate Zoology collection and the appropriate collections of the National Museum of American History. The anticipated FY 1985 appropriation will be used to purchase equipment for the collections of Botany, Mineral Sciences and Paleobiology.

To help finance the equipment requirements, we are using approximately $750,000 of our nonappropriated Trust funds for specialized conservation equipment, and in future years we will redirect rental funds presently used for the Oceanographic Sorting Center, whose collections will be housed at the Center.

FY 1984 BUDGET PRIORITIES

The Smithsonian's FY 1984 budget request is a reflection of our continuing coimnitment to care for the National Collections and the facilities which house them. The request is a stringent one that recognizes the need for significant progress in the move of the collections to the Museum Support Center and the establishment of the core staff to be located there. In addition, we are determined to carry out successfully other projects undertaken recently with the encouragement of this Subcommittee: accelerated inventories of our collections, revitalization of exhibit spaces in the National Museum of American History, strengthening of management using the technology available through automation, upgrading of our protection program by means of a comprehensive effort to upgrade security equipment throughout the Institution, and continued restoration and improvement of our physical plant. The request also Includes additional resources to support more adequately the Institution's scientific endeavors, and to respond to the demand for more comprehensive and Improved research literature on African art and to care for African art and ethnology collections. With construction scheduled to begin early this summer on the Quadrangle projex:t, a small sum is being sought to prepare for the acquisition and exhibition of the exquisite collection of Asian art donated by Dr. Arthur M. Sackler.

The only item in our FY 1984 budget request which can be interpreted as a "new start" is one that we believe we have a special responsibility to propose. It pertains to the establishment of a program to loan to other Institutions a substantial portion of the generous bequest of Joseph H. Hirshhorn for exhibition and study purposes. Through this program, the richness of the National Collections would be shared with people throughout the United States who are unable to view them in Washington, D.C., supplementing our other efforts in this regard mainly through our Traveling Exhibition Service.

I am pleased to note, Mr. Chairman, that we have been able to continue to use the Institution's nonappropriated Trust funds for programmatic purposes, despite these difficult economic times. Our most substantial continuing commitment is the annual allocation, increased in the current year from $2.0 to $2.2 million, for the Collections Acquisitions, Scholarly Studies and Educational Outreach Program, a program first approved by the Board of Regents in FY 1978. Beginning in FY 1979, the Board of Regents approved using the Institution's unrestricted Trust funds for our visiting research and fellowship program and the proportionate Trust fund share of rental costs of administrative units in L'Enfant Plaza, funded in part from rental payments by auxiliary activities occupying space on the Mall. In FY 1983 $1.6 million will be applied to these programs and for FY 1984 $1.7 million is projected, of which $1.2 million is designated for the visiting research and fellowship program and over $500,000 for rent. This represents an increase of 67 percent since FY 1979 when $1.02 million were provided to these programs. A further $1.2 million in unrestricted Trust funds is being reserved for the Quadrangle Development project in FY 1984, In addition to the approximately $6.3 million that has been set aside to date for planning and construction.

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For FY 1984, the Institution's request for the Salaries and Expenses appropriation totals $154.4 million, a modest net increase of $5.2 million over the FY 1983 base. We are seeking $4.0 million for items that are generally beyond our control, including rent, legislated pay increases, inflation, and the full-year costs of the positions restored by the Congress in FY 1982. We are requesting a net $1.2 million in program increases. (Taking into account the elimination of one-time increases totalling $3.7 million appropriated in FY 1983, our gross requested program increase is $4.9 million.)

The following discussion of our proposed FY 1984 increases relates to the gross amount of $4.9 million. As discussed above the Museum Support Center's construction has been completed and occupancy plans have been established. An overall resource request of $8.5 million is proposed for the Center to support the major portion of staffing requirements, a further increment of storage, the final stage of laboratory and other equipment, and the second of three increments for the move. The FY 1984 request for the Center represents a gross $2.1 million increase over the FY 1983 appropriation. To date 36 positions and $1.8 million have been provided for Initial staffing needs. An additional 80 positions and $2.0 million will be needed in FY 1984 for program direction, to staff the Conservation Training Program and to provide buildings management, protection and other support services. These resources are absolutely essential to "the effective functioning of the Center and its programs. Our "Five-Year Prospectus" indicates that a further 29 positions will be needed through FY 1988 to complete staffing requirements.

A second application of the increases sought in this year's request is to continue the effort initiated in FY 1983 to upgrade the Institution's security system. We are very appreciative of this Subcommittee's support in allowing us to begin a major security equipment acquisition and replacement program in FY 1983 with an addition of $1.7 million. We estimate that a total of $3.0 million will be required to complete this program over the next several years. Toward this end, a further increment of $480,000 is requested in FY 1984 for the purchase of perimeter security and closed-circuit television devices. The keystone of our security upgrading program, to be accomplished by FY 1990, is the conversion to a proprietary alarm system that will give faster response times to security and fire protection alarms and eliminate reliance on leased equipment.

In support ot research, additional funding of $805,000 is requested for four science bureaus. This support is needed to establish scientific equipment replacement programs (at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, the National Museum of Natural History/Museum of Man and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute), to defray the higher cost of publishing time-sensitive research results (at the National Museum of Natural History/Museum of Man, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and National Air and Space Museum), and to establish a stable core of administrative staff (at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory) to accomplish the ongoing support functions regardless of fluctuations in grant and contract activity.

Under the category of management improvements, following through on the establishment during FY 1982 of a central Office of Information Resource Management to provide overall planning, direction and technical support of information resources throughout the Institution, we are seeking an addition of $750,000 for four purposes. Adding to the appropriation of $275,000 provided for Smithsonian Library automation in FY 1983, a further $275,000 will permit the initiation of an integrated, automated system to include the full range of library functions including acquisitions, cataloguing, information retrieval, and administrative reports. To begin Improvements in the computer-based programs for maintaining and adding to inventory records and increasing accessibility to them by curators and the interested public, $250,000 Is sought. A sum of $100,000 is needed to improve automated accounting reporting. The final portion of this automation request, $125,000, is proposed to extend the computer-to-computer communications network in the Institution and to establish an automated office training laboratory.

As part of our continuing effort to improve facilities management, we are requesting an additional $390,000. Of this $140,000 would enable our Office of Design Services to expand its base capability to contract for intermittent architectural/engineering or other specialized services, thus expediting the flow of work while holding down the need for additional staff. We are also seeking $150,000 to Improve our capability to operate and maintain the complex heating, ventilating and air conditioning system at the Cooper-Hewitt Museum in New York. To allow the Zoo's staff to concentrate more on routine maintenance of buildings and grounds, an additional $100,000 is requested for specialized contractual services for utilities systems and grounds maintenance.

With the recent recognition of African Art as a major art tradition, there is a demand for more comprehensive and higher quality reference and research literature. The increase of $50,000 that we are seeking for the National. Museum of African Art will be used to facilitate research on African art by development of a "Union Catalogue" of all of the African holdings that are presently dispersed in the collections of several Smithsonian museums. To care for an important collection of West African textiles which are of artistic interest to the Museum of African Art and ethnographic Interest to the National Museum of Natural History/Museum of Man, an increase of $35,000 is sought to fund a new curatorial position for the African art and ethnology collections in both museums.

For the Quadrangle, we do not anticipate the major portion of new operating expenses to occur until FY 1986. Nonetheless, a small but essential increase of $100,000 is proposed in this year's budget to prepare for the receipt of the Sackler collection. We are seeking funding to support the salary of an assistant director for the Sackler Gallery and to purchase essential equipment for collection storage. The assistant director is needed urgently to meet the needs of the initial receipt, registration and care of the approximately 1,000 art objects in the Sackler gift.

We have two items of increase in this request that depart from our dominant theme of care and maintenance of the National Collections and Smithsonian facilities. These relate to our responsibilities to extend to the people of this country who are unable to visit Washington the opportunity to view and study Smithsonian collections in their home community cind also to improve the quality of information services available to visitors to the Mall. As mentioned above, taking advantage of the opportunity provided to us by the very generous Hirshhorn bequest, a sum of $200,000 is proposed to establish a loan program for the exhibition and study of a substantial portion of the Hirshhorn bequest. We also are seeking an addition of $80,000 for our Visitor Information and Associates Reception Center which will be used to provide an adequate support base for the Center.

Although we are not seeking additional resources for the special Collections Management/Inventory and the Major Exhibition Programs, the continuation of these efforts are of utmost importance to the Institution. These programs have been supported consistently by this Subcommittee, making possible our achievements over the past few years. With resources first provided in FY 1979 as supplemented by base resources, we will be able to complete our goal of collecting and recording data by June 1, 1983 on the vast collections for the National Museum of Natural History/Museum of Man, the National Museum of American History and the Cooper-Hewitt Museum which had never before been inventoried. As we explain in more detail in our budget document, a continuing effort to refine inventory data and to reconcile it with existing collection records will ensue and therefore it will be critical for the same level of support that has been provided by the Collections Management/Inventory Program to continue in FY 1984 and in succeeding years.

Similarly, we are seeking to continue the Major Exhibition Program in FY 1984 and beyond to support the comprehensive upgrading of the exhibit spaces in the National Museum of American History and selected major exhibitions elsewhere in Smithsonian museums. Since FY 1981 when the Program was initiated, we can point to considerable accomplishments which also are described fully in our request. In future years, additional resources will be essential to continue the multi-year effort to revitalize and update ^he National Museum of American History's exhibit spaces. In view of the substantial progress made to date and the central importance of this great National Museum in depicting our country's history, our planning documents place a high priority on this significant undertaking.

Restoration and Renovation of Buildings

Consistent with the theme of this year's budget request and in keeping with our continuing commitment to maintain the Smithsonian's physical plant in sound condition, our FY 1984 request in the Restoration and Renovation of Buildings

appropriation account totals $9 million. This represents a $550,000 Increase over the FY 1983 appropriation.

We thank the Subconnnittee for its encouragement and support for our Restoration and Renovation efforts and for including new language in the FY 1983 appropriation that permits awarding contracts on the basis of contractor qualifications as well as price. This provision should be extremely helpful to us as we proceed with our restoration program.

During the past year, we have made considerable progress with our roof and facade repair, fire detection, safety and security, utility systems and disabled access programs. For example, the last major construction phase of renovating the facade of the Renwick Gallery has begun and is expected to be physically completed in FY 1985. Extensive exterior restoration of the Arts and Industries Building has been initiated and completion—with your continued support—is anticipated in calendar year 1986. Steady progress continues in impl-^mentlng the master plans for fire detection in the Natural History and American History Buildings. Under the heading of safety, the containment or removal of asbestos has been completed in several areas of the American Art/Portrait Gallery Building, and in the carpentry shop of the Natural History Building.

The substantial efforts that we are devoting to upgrading heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems already are achieving improved environmental conditions. During FY 1982, a comprehensive energy conservation study was completed at the American History Building; the upgrading of the HVAC system (which will include a new system of automated temperature and humidity controls) at the American Art/Portrait Gallery Building is continuing and renovation of the Freer Gallery's HVAC system is nearing completion. For the disabled, rest room modifications were completed last year at the Natural History, American History, Air and Space and Renwick Gallery Buildings.

We are pleased to report that the new research library at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute has been completed and will be dedicated officially next month. Safety improvements have been completed for the single lane 20 and one-half mile access road at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory's Whipple Observatory in Arizona.

For FY 1984, we plan to continue or complete major phased projects on roofs and facades, fire detection, safety and security, utility systems and access for the disabled. We also are seeking resources to undertake two projects in support of research and exhibitions.

Specifically, the major purposes for which resources are sought in FY 1984 Include completion of facade restoration of the Renwick Gallery, continuation of roof and facade renovation of the Arts and Industries Building, and initiation of the phased roof replacement at the American History Buildiag. The major projects in the fire detection category consist of continued upgrading of fire detection systems following the fire protection plans at the American History and Natural History Buildings. For the safety of staff and visitors, support is requested to continue the asbestos abatement program at the American History Building. Under the category of safety and security, funding is sought toward the multi-year program of converting to an electronic security and fire alarm system that is owned and operated by the Smithsonian. I have previously discussed the Importance of converting to this system in the Salaries and Expenses portion of this statement. The money for this project proposad in the Restoration and Renovation account will be used to fund building modifications and permanently installed equipment.

Resources included for utility systems in our FY 1984 request will be used to continue work on heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems begun In FY 1981 and FY 1982 at the American History and American Art/Portrait Gallery Buildings and to initiate some new smaller projects. This budget also contains a significant item to construct an addition to the Anacostia Neighborhood Museum's Exhibit Laboratory located on National Park Service property in Fort Stanton Park, thus allowing the termination of unsatisfactory leased space in the Carver Theater. We are proposing also to continue modifications to the

space occupied by the Smithsonian Institution Libraries In the Natural History Building.

ZOO CONSTRUCTION

Our Zoo construction request for FY 1984 totals S3.5 million. We are pleased to report further progress in major renovation of the Rock Creek Zoo, the master plan for which was funded initially in FY 1974. The major interior renovation of the Small Mammal House has been completed, with reopening scheduled on April 1. Also completed and opening on April 1 is the Monkey Island Exhibit, the final facility in the Central Area Complex.

An amount of $2.1 million proposed in our FY 1984 request is devoted to meeting the most important requirements at the Conservation and Research Center, located on a 3,150-acre site near Front Royal, Virginia. The requested funds will be used to construct an urgently needed veterinary hospital, for which a sum of $1.4 million is requested, and $700,000 to complete the third and final wing of the Small Animal Facility. A further amount of 51.4 million Is requested to continue the renovation, repairs and improvement programs at Rock Creek ($1 million) and at Front Royal ($400,000).

Special Foreign Currency Program

The total request for the Special Foreign Currency Program Is $9.04 million in excess foreign currencies. Funds of $4.0 million for this program will be used to continue a program of grants for research and advanced training in fields of traditional Smithsonian competence. A third installment of $4.0 million equivalent in Indian rupees will be used to continue to build a foreign currency reserve fund to support future programs of the American Institute of Indian Studies. The final portion of this request is to provide the second of four contributions of the United States contribution to the project currently underway to salvage the city of Moenjodaro. The Smithsonian is seeking $1,04 million equivalent in Pakistani rupees for this purpose.

Mr. Chairman, I and my staff would be pleased to respond to your questions and those of the Subcommittee.

INTRODUCTION OF ASSOCIATES

Mr. Ripley. Thank you ver>' much, Mr. Chairman. I am heartened by the words of our Regent. I'm sorry that he himself is not here today.

We have with us on the witness stand today besides myself Mr. Hughes, the Under Secretary, who is sitting on my left facing you; Dr. Challinor, the Assistant Secretary for Science, who is behind me: John Jameson, the Assistant Secretary for Administration, on my right; Paul Perrot, who sits behind me here, the Assistant Secretary for Museum Programs; John Reinhardt, the Acting Assistant Secretary for History and Art; Edward Rivinus, the Acting Director of Public Service; Christian Hohenlohe, the Treasurer of the Institution; Tom Peyton, the Director of Facilities Services; Dr. Theodore Reed, the Director of our National Zoological Park, who has been embroiled, as you know, Mr. Chairman, in recent activities up there.

Senator McClure. As an observer.

Mr. Ripley. I think fortunately he wasn't actively involved.

Senator McClure. I wanted the record to reflect that.

Mr. Ripley. He might not have survived for this hearing.

Jon Yellin, the Director of the Office of Programing and Budget, who is sitting right here beside me. And there may be from time to time such other witnesses as you may require who are here in the audience.

Senator McClure. Thank you ver)' much, Mr. Secretary,

Mr. Ripley, you are always welcome before this committee. Your supporting cast is not evidence of your need for assistance so much as it is evidence of the diversity of the Institution.

The fiscal year 1984 budget request for the Smithsonian Institution totals $175,894,000, an increase of $14,748,000 over the comparable fiscal year 1983 appropriation. Also pending is a request for a pay supplemental in the amount of $2,390,000.

The Smithsonian has consolidated the utility and rental accounts of the Cooper-Hewitt Museum, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. These expenses, formerly charged to the individual bureaus, are now paid from the central account which has been increased accordingly.

The corresponding reductions have been taken in the object class breakdowns of the three organizations in the communications, rent, and utilities line, but these savings have been redistributed to program activities without explanation. As funds no longer required for rent and utilities are in effect program increases, we would appreciate an explanation of the proposed use of the funds.

Mr. Ripley. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I think Mr. Jameson or Mr. Yellin can answer this question.

Mr. Yellin. Yes, Mr. Chairman, the funds for the Smithsonian Astro-physical Observatory rental account have been distributed, as you point out, for programmatic purposes. The consolidation of the utility accounts, in fiscal year 1983, of the Cooper-Hewitt Museum—$22,000, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute—$49,000, the Smithsonian

Astrophysical Observatory—$120,000, and the Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies—$14,000 into our central utilities account was accompanied by a base transfer, also in fiscal year 1983, from those organizations and, therefore, no redistribution of utilities funds has taken place. With your permission we would like to submit for the record a detailed explanation of the planned uses of the amount of $55,000 currently being applied for rent.

Senator McClure. If you would do so.

[The information follows:]

SAO's Rental Costs

When the Smithsonian Astrophysical Obser\'ator>' and Han'ard College Observator>' libraries were consolidated in fiscal year 1974, SAO's prorated share for occupancy of approximately 45 percent (5,080 square feet) of the 11,290 square feet of new librar>' space was S55,000 annually. This amount was absorbed from the research budget. Should SAO receive the requested S55,OO0 to cover the rental of hbrar>' space in fiscal year 1984, the funds currently being used for this purpose would revert to the research budget

RENTAL COSTS

Senator McClure. In fiscal year 1983 Congress denied the requested increase of $140,000 for space costs at L'Enfant Plaza, on North Capitol Street, and the Navy Yard. This would leave the account at the fiscal year 1982 budgeted level of $1,225,000. We understand that space costs at these three locations is now estimated to be $1,329,000 in fiscal year 1983. What source of funds is being used to pay the estimated shortfall of $104,000?

Mr. Jameson. Mr. Chairman, this, of course, is still an estimate. Part of the uncertainty in our budgeting for the rent account is the year-end catchup expenses that the landlords pass on to the Institution, and these vary from year to year.

I am optimistic that the $104,000 deficit will not materialize. It is presently our best estimate. If indeed it does materialize, we would take advantage of some savings that we are seeing materialize in the utilities account this year as occasioned by the more temperate weather we have had this winter.

Senator McClure. The justification states that the Navy Yard space will be vacated during the current fiscal year and that the rental savings will be applied toward equipping the Museum Support Center. When will that move occur?

Mr. Jameson. Mr. Chairman, I tliink it will not take place this year. Our best current estimate is that the wet storage equipment, which is now under contract, will be completed in the Museum Support Center by the end of this calendar year. I am optimistic that we will be able to begin moving in wet storage, including Sorting Center, collections early in fiscal year 1984 or by mid-fiscal year 1984.

Since it will take 9^2 months to complete the move, full year rental costs which are estimated at about $260,000 will be required.

MUSEUM SUPPORT CENTER EQUIPMENT COSTS

Senator McClure. We prefer to have the equipment costs for the Support Center budgeted under that activity rather than being transferred from other accounts. You have identified here the hkehhood that you won't have that other source of funding, but I assume that there are other programs which you propose to tap to fund the equipment costs of the Support Center.

Mr. Jameson. We volunteered some years back that as part of the general effort to try to help out on this Sorting Center equipment there would come a time when we could reprogram, with the committee's permission, of course, the rental savings. That seemed appropriate to do since the collections and the staff of the Sorting Center will be moving into the Museum Support Center.

At this point we do not identify other moneys that will be available for allocation to the equipping of the Support Center this year. As you know, we have a rather large separate and well identified budget for equipping as well as operations.

Senator McClure. Is that going to be adequate?

Mr. Jameson. We are forecasting that it will be perfectly adequate for this year. We would like to come back next year perhaps and let you know what the schedule is. It could well be to our advantage to try to speed up the equipment acquisition schedule, which we have now phased over about 1986 to 1987, to expedite in a timely way the move of the collections into the Support Center.

Senator McClure. But as it stands now whatever shortfall there will be from those other places will simply extend the rate at which you acquire the equipment.

Mr. Jameson. Yes, sir.

REVISED space COST ESTIMATE

Senator McClure. We have received a revised fiscal year 1984 estimate for space costs at these three locations which totals'$1,396,000 as opposed to the $1,765,000 contained in the original justification. Do you agree that the difference of $369,000 is not required for rental costs?

Mr. Jameson. The estimate, Mr. Chairman, that I have is approximately $229,000 as being excess to the needs of this account for 1984. The original estimate was one that we did in August of last year. We are obviously more mindful now of the rental climate in the Washington, D.C., area, and I think that the increases that we forecast will not materialize in 1984.

Senator McClure. Well, the revision we got was just last week. That leaves us about $140,000 apart.

Mr. Jameson. Mr. Chairman, I believe the base in the justification was stated too high by the amount of the increase that we did not get in fiscal year 1983.

Senator McClure. If you would supply the detail for us, we would appreciate that.

[The information follows:

ANALYSIS OF RENTAL COSTS Fiscal year 1984 request compared with current estimated need

Current Difference

Fiscal year 1984 liscal year request

budget request 1984 estimate versus estimate

L'Enfant Plaza

North Capitol Street.

Sorting Center^

SAO Library

Total

^As soon as the Museum Support Center building is accepted by the Smithsonian Institution, security and other systems which must be in place betore full occupancy is possible will be installed. The installation is expected to be completed in September 1983 at which time the move of the Sorting Center is scheduled to begin. However, it will not be possible to begin the collection move until after the installation of the storage equipment, which is now scheduled for late November 1983. Once the equipment is in place, we estimate it will take 9.5 months to complete the move of the Sorting Center's materials to the Support Center. Therefore, the amount of $260,000 shown in the fiscal year 1984 budget request for the Sorting Center will be required in fiscal year 1984.

^Total of $1,765,000 noted under rental space on page A-7 of the budget presentation was an Incorrect figure, and did not take into account the fiscal year 1983 congressional reduction of $140,000.

SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY

Senator McClure. An increase of $425,000 is requested to transfer 15 positions at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory to the Federal payroll. These positions had been funded through overhead charges assessed to Federal grants and contracts. This position increase is not reflected in the full-time permanent positions for SAO which are shown on page A-24 of the justification. While we realize that this transfer is not a net increase of administrative staff for SAO, it is an increase of staff paid with appropriated funds. Why isn't this reflected in the justification?

Mr. Challinor. Mr. Chairman, we anticipate making this move of people from the trust fund budget to the Federal, assuming we get our request granted, over the next year or perhaps more. It is not included in this budget because we are at or very close to our Federal ceiling. We do anticipate, however, that we will be able to reallocate positions as they arise within our Federal allotments to cover these 15 positions from other activities of the Institution.

Senator McClure. Even though you can't get a change in your ceilings so you will accomplish it without the change in the ceiling, it ought to be reflected in your justification to indicate the shift in full-time equivalent personnel.

Mr. Challinor. Yes, sir. We will see that is done.

Senator McClure. Thank you.

Four hundred twenty-five thousand dollars is a convenient number, as it happens to be the amount added by Congress in fiscal year 1983, for a one-time expenditure to improve the multiple mirror telescope at the Whipple Observatory. The total required for this conversion is $650,000. The justification states that the balance of $225,000 will be left to future management decisions. May we interpret that to include

17-834 0-84-3

the possibility that if we approve this $425,000, the Smithsonian may request an additional $225,000 in the fiscal year 1985 budget?

Mr. Challinor. We are not anticipating an increase of $225,000 in our 1985 budget but would hope to over the next year or two by u^ans-ferring funds from within the accounts of the Astrophysical Observatory slowly make up that balance of $225,000.

Senator McClure. You will keep us informed, of course, as to the reprograming?

Mr. Challinor. Yes, we will, Mr. Chairman.

Senator McClure. According to the justification, the unrestricted general nonappropriated funds for SAO are used to support administrative positions and provide administrative support. These funds are derived almost exclusively from overhead charged to Federal grants and contracts. Even with the increase of $425,00 requested to transfer 15 administrative slots to the Federal payroll, the justification shows an increase of $121,000 in general support from unrestricted flinds. It would seem that this number should decrease rather than increase. Can you explain why it does not?

Mr. Ripley. I think our Treasurer, Mr. Hohenlohe, can answer this, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. Hohenlohe. Mr. Chairman, the figure shown on that page for unrestricted trust fund support in fact should decrease. That was an error in the presentation, and it should decrease by approximately the $425,000 that would be required.

deer poplxation at front royal

Senator McClure. Thank you.

Dr. Reed, on behalf of the committee I want to extend our appreciation for your assistance, your counsel, and your leadership efforts which have provided us with one of the finest zoos in the world. Although you are scheduled to retire from active duty at the zoo next week, we hope to be able to continue to rely on your advice in your new capacity.

Last fall the Smithsonian proposed a deer hunt at the Front Royal preserve in order to thin the herd. I personally favor controlled hunting as a wildlife management technique and expressed my support of the Smithsonian's decision. Other voices, however, proved louder and the hunt was canceled. So we have the information on the record. Dr. Reed, would you briefly explain the threat imposed by the expanding deer population?

Dr. Reed. The greatest threat by the exploding deer population is to themselves and destruction of their habitat They now have the browse line up as high as a tall buck can reach. They are digging down in the ground to get the roots of the trees and they are barking trees. Fortunately we did not have the snow and ice that we had 2 years ago, otherwise we would have had the fawns and the does starving.

We do have a remedy for the problem, which is to take down sections of the fence and permit the deer to migrate onto our neighbors'

land where they will be welcome and probably we will have the assistance of poachers, wild dogs, and other means of natural control.

It is no longer a problem of the National Zoological Park Conservation Research Center. We have returned it to its original source, the Almighty Lord.

Senator McClure. Have you had any reaction from the State of Virginia or from the adjoining landowners that was adverse?

Dr. Reed. They are, like you, very much in favor of public controlled hunting.

Senator McClure. So they haven't objected too vociferously to having their public hunting stocks replenished.

Dr. Reed. Not too vociferously, but very explicitly, sir.

DEER-PROOF FENCING

Senator McClure. In a letter dated November 10, 1982, Mr. Hughes indicated that in lieu of the hunt the Institution would undertake a research project at the cost of $200,000 and diat deer-proof fences would be installed at a cost of $450,000. We can find no mention of either the study or the fencing. I assume that that has been abandoned.

Mr. Hughes. Yes, sir, that is correct We have been working with Dr. Reed and Dr. Wemmer in developing an alternative solution along the lines he described which I think should be as effective and substantially less expensive. That solution, as he indicated, involves the lowering of the fence in more remote areas of our reserve, but at the same time building an additional "double" fence around the more intensively used areas of the reserve. That can be done reasonably economically, and we plan to undertake both immediately.

The double fence has the dual purpose really of additional security for the exotic species for which we are responsible and at the same time providing a more or less sterile barrier between the wild deer and the parasites that they might bring, and the exotic species in our pens and grazing areas.

Senator McClure. Are the exotic species free to roam within the preserve?

Mr. Hughes. They are free to roam within certain areas of the reserve, and that is tlie way it has always been. The problem was encroachment of the wild deer into those areas and the subsequent transmission of disease.

Senator McClure. There is no intermixing of the wild deer and the exotic species?

Mr. Hughes. No, sir. There may be, in the context of this plan that I have just described, a necessity from time to time in the future to drive deer out of the areas of heaviest use by the zoo.

Senator McClure. It is your belief that they will freely move back and forth across the lowered fence?

Mr. Hughes. Yes, sir.

Senator McClure. The fence line becomes a demarcation for hunters rather than a limitation upon the deer.

Mr. Hughes. That is correct.

Senator McClure. So it becomes a wildlife refuge rather than a preserve. Mr. Hughes. To an extent that the deer don't go back and forth.

HIRSKHORN MUSEUM'S EXTENDED LOAN PROGRAM

Senator McClure. An increase of $200,000 is proposed to initiate an extended loan program of works of art from the Hirshhom Museum. According to the justification a survey was conducted to determine museum and university interest in such a program. Did the survey ask how much the museums or the universities would be willing to pay for such a program?

Mr. Ripley. Dr. Reinhardt can answer this question, Mr. Chairman.

Dr. Reinhardt. The survey indicated, Mr. Chairman, that the univer-sides would be willing to pay some toward the transportation of the objects to the museums. The plan is that these paintings would go to the university museums on a long-term loan, thus they would not be required to pay very much.

Senator McClure. They would not be required nor expected to pay very much?

Dr. Rein'hardt. That is correct.

Senator McClure. Did they indicate how much they were willing to pay, or did they just say "we'll pay something?"

Dr. Reinhardt. Something toward transportation. It would be difficult at this time to ascertain with any exacdtude how much they would pay because we don't even know which paintings they would receive.

Senator McClure. Of the $200,000, $55,000 is requested to obtain suitable space to serve as a staging and processing area for the Hirshhom collection. We have spent millions and millions of dollars to build and equip the Museum Support Center. Why can't this work be carried out at the new facility?

Dr. Reinhardt. It may very well be carried out in the new facility. We simply don't know at this time. If the facility is available when the works are available, we will certainly use it. The $55,000 now requested for rental of space would then be applied to the preparation of the works of art for the ultimate loan.

Senator McClure. Seventy-five thousand dollars is requested for crating, shipping, and insurance of the artwork. If all of the pieces must first be subjected to extensive collections preparation, conservation analysis, cataloging, photographing, matting, and framing, will you indeed be able to actually start the lending program this year?

Dr. Reinhardt. No; we would plan to start the lending program in the second year, that is in fiscal year 1984.

Senator McClure. Once established, what do you estimate to be the annual expense for the program?

Dr. Reinhardt. We would estimate at this time that the annual expense would be $200,000 probably, plus any inflation.

Senator McClure. Do you have any estimate of what the borrowing institutions will be asked to bear of that $200,000?

Dr. Reinhardt. Probably something toward transportation, but we have no exact estimate.

Senator McClure. Not even an approximate estimate? Five dollars? or $500? or $5,000? or $100,000? or $195,000?

Dr. ReNHARDT. We don't know at this time largely because we don't even know which institutions would be borrowing the work. They would be offered to a wide variety of institutions throughout the United States. Obviously it would cost more in Oregon than it would in Maryland.

SACKLER GALLERY

Senator McClure. I understand.

An increase of $100,000 is requested to hire an Assistant Director of the Center for Asian Art for the Sackler Gallery and for the purchase of collection storage equipment. Future plans for the Sackler Gallery are to include an extensive exhibition program, an extensive pubhca-tions program, and an expanded oriental art restoration program. Last year the Smithsonian estimated that the annual operating costs of the new museum upon the completion of construction would be in the range of $27 million annually, of which 40 percent would be appropriated funds. Is that still your estimate in view of the generous gifts from Mr. Sackler?

Dr. Reinhardt. That is still the general estimate for the operation of the entire quadrangle project. It isn't just the Sackler Gallery.

Senator McClure. That's the whole quadrangle and not just the gal-ler}'?

Dr. Reinhardt. Not just the Sackler Gallery.

Senator McClure. The fact that you have had these generous gifts will not reduce that estimate?

Dr. Reintiardt. In publications it is possible. It would not reduce that overall estimate. But it is hoped that from the Sackler Foundation some of the publication expenses would be borne from those funds. But the general operating expenses of the quadrangle project remain as estimated.

Senator McClure. You have requested $47,000 to purchase fireproof storage equipment for the Sackler collection which will be stored at the Museum Support Center until the quadrangle construction is completed. To date $10,846,000 has been provided for equipment at the Museum Support Center with an additional fiscal year 1984 request of $3,895,000. It would seem that out of almost 15 million dollars' worth of new collections storage and other equipment there should be something suitable for the Sackler collection, or that the equipment could be purchased within the almost $4 million requested for fiscal year 1984. Is this $47,000 really necessary?

Mr. Ripley. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I would like to ask Mr. Perrot to answer this because he has been direcdy concerned with the planning of the Museum Support Center.

Mr. Perrot. Thank you, Mr. Ripley.

Mr. Chairman, the acquisition of equipment for the Museum Support Center is phased over a number of years. While contracts are being let for the acquisition, the delivery of the equipment has not yet started and we don't expect the first increment to be installed before late this fall.

This will be the wet storage equipment to store the materials that are now part of the Oceanic Sorting Center. The equipment for the dr}' collections, for the collections of anthropology, history and so forth, would only be installed next year.

In the interim we expect the Sackler collection will start to be delivered to the Institution probably later this fall or early winter. Therefore, we do need to have some specific equipment to house it in. It is anticipated that the cabinets that will be acquired will be used temporarily at the Support Center for the Housing of the Sackler collection, and when the quadrangle project is completed these cases will then be relocated to the quadrangle and will be part of the permanent equipment of that facihty.

Senator McClure. Thank you.

ADDmONAL COMMITTEE QUESTIONS

I have a number of other questions, but there is another vote on the floor of the Senate. Rather than ask you to wail until I can return, 1 will submit the balance of the questions for the record.

[The following questions were not asked at the hearing but were submitted to the Department for response subsequent to the hearing:]

Additional Committee Questions

National Museum of Natural History

Question: As part of the fiscal year 1983 appropriation bill, the non-personnel funds associated with the Center for the Study of Man were added to the budget of the National Museum of Natural History. The total amount for equipment costs for the current year should be $472,000, the sum of the $317,000 budgeted under Natural History and $155,000 budgeted under the Center for the Study of Man. The FY 1984 justification shows a base level of $628,000 with a requested increase of $102,000 for a total fiscal 1984 level of $730,000. This is a 55% increase over the amount justified last year. Only $50,000 of the $258,000 increase is mentioned in the justification. Can you provide further explanation for this sizable increase'?

Answer: The FY 198 3 Congressional budget justification for the National Museum of Natural History/Museum of Man for personnel compensation and benefits ($14,627,000) was based on 505 Congressionally authorized full-time permanent positions. Due to a lower workyear than position ceiling authorized in FY 198 3 by the Office of Management and Budget, an amount of $156,000 in base funds for personnel costs was reallocated to redress a shortage of funds for the purchase of routine scientific, collections management and buildings maintenance equipment. This adjustment accounts for the increase between the combined amounts requested for equipment in FY 1983 for the National Museum of Natural History/Museum of Man and the Center for the Study of Man ($472,000) and the FY 198 3 equipment base shown for the National Museum of Natural History/Museum of Man in the FY 1984 budget justification ($628,000). Proposed adjustments for FY 1984 would provide an additional $102,000 for equipment procurement. This amount includes requested increases of $50,000 for purchase of major, specialized scientific equipment; $33,000 to compensate for the effects of inflation; and internal adjustments of $5,000 for equipment needed to support a curator for the African art and ethnology collections, and reallocation of $14,000 used in FY 1983 for collections acquisitions toward the purchase of routine equipment.

Question: Will any equipment funds from Natural History be used at the Museum Support Center?

Answer: In FY 1980, a sum of S200,000 was appropriated to the National Museum of Natural History/Museum of Man for the purchase of storage drawers for the Museum Support Center. These funds, along with an additional $200,000 from Natural History's equipment base were transferred to the "Museum Support Center Equipment" line item to help fund MSC storage equipment. Through FY 1983, an amount of $1,600,000 of Natural History's base funds have been used for MSC equipment. Additionally, some of the collection storage drawers purchased from NMNH funds may be transferred for use at the Museum Support Center, as they will be compatible with the cases to be installed at the facility. Also, furniture and equipment currently in the Sorting Center offices at the Navy Yard and in the Anthropology Conservation Laboratory in NMNH will go to the Museum Support Center when the Sorting Center and the Anthropology Conservation Laboratory are moved there.

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory

Question: An increase of $425,000 is requested to transfer 15 positions at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory to the Federal payroll. These positions had been funded through overhead charges assessed to Federal grants and contracts. This position increase is not reflected in the full-time permanent positions for SAO which are shown on page A-24 of the justification. While we realize that this transfer is not a net increase of administrative staff for SAO it is an increase of staff paid with appropriated funds.

If the transfer is approved, will the grant and contract funds previously used for administrative personnel be used to hire additional scientists under contract?

Answer: If approved, the $425,000 would be used to cover costs which have been paid by overhead charges on the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory's contracts and grants. This use would result in a reduction of several percentage points in the overhead rate that would be charged on each contract and grant. Once notified of the reduced rate, the funding agencies would have the option of withdrawing the savings or allowing then to be used to extend the scope of the scientific research. If the latter occurred, the savings realized on any one contract or grant only could be applied to that contract or grant. It is unlikely that the savings realized from any one contract or grant would be large enough to support any additional scientists.

Question: This situation has existed at SAO for over 20 years. Why shouldn't we simply require that the scientific staff be reduced or transferred to the contract and grant payroll in sufficient numbers to allow for the administrative personnel to be supported from appropriated funds?

Answer: The goal of SAO over the past 25 years has been to establish a scientific program that is in the forefront of the field of astrophysics, and, concurrently, to provide a research base for broad national efforts in the space sciences. In accomplishing this goal, SAO did not support a proper share of its administrative infrastructure with Federally appropriated funds. Over the last several years, SAO has redirected funds from its Federal base to help correct this deficiency. Redirection of more funds from the current base would seriously erode the quality of the research, the principal goal of SAO. The addition of the $425,000 will allow SAO to retain its Federal research scientists while correcting most of the remaining administrative deficiencies. It is anticipated that in the future, additional funds will be made available to complete the correction of these deficiencies.

SAO does not believe that transfer of its Federal scientists to the contract or grant payroll is in the best interest of the organization for several reasons: contracts and grants are obtained for specific scientific purposes and most Federal scientists would not be as appropriate as those already involved. Contracts and grants by their nature provide insecure means of long-term support. SAO's present Federally-supported research program would be hurt by the loss of these scientists to contract and grant research.

Publication Costs

Question: Increases are sought for publication costs in several areas. In fiscal year 1982 Congress denied the Smithsonian's request for increased publications costs for the National Museum of Natural History, the Tropical Research In^citute and for the National Museum of African Art.

■ A reprogramming report dated March 4, 1983 shows that in fiscal year 1982 $140,000 was reprogrammed to fund publication costs of the National Museum of Natural History. Reprogramming guidelines adopted by the House and Senate state that: "Reprogramming should not be employed...to change allocations specifically denied, limited, or increased by Congress..." As the Conference Report specifically denied the requested increases for publication costs, why did the Smithsonian employ reprogramming? Incidentally, the increase requested in fiscal year 1982 for the National Museum of Natural History was $35,000 — the amount reprogrammed was four times the amount denied by Congress.

Answer: The FY 1982 base in the FY 1983 budget request for object class 24, "Printing and Reproduction" for the National Museum of Natural History/Museum of Man was $409,000. Actual FY 1982 expenditures in the object class totalled $369,000.

The amount of $140,000 shown as reprogrammed was based on an original internal allocation to "Printing and Reproduction" of $229,000. This reduced allocation for object class 24 and other non-salary object classes as well was required in order first to cover salary requirements. (The four percent across-the-board reduction in FY 1982 and pay raise absorption of 25 percent resulted in a reduced salary of benefits availability to the Museum of $514,000.) As the year progressed and salary lapse developed, an amount of $140,000 was restored to the Museum's allocation of $229,000 for "Printing and Reproduction" which was essential to pay for the publication of research articles in the Zoology, Marine Sciences, Biology, and Paleobiology series publications.

Reorganization

Question: In fiscal year 1982, the Smithsonian conducted a reorganization affecting the Center for the Study of Man. During the current year, the Performing Arts Division and the Public Services activities have been reorganized. We understand that you have under consideration the merger of the Radiation Biology Laboratory and the Chesapeake Bay Center. We understand that the Regents have vested in the Secretary the authority to organize the Smithsonian as he deems appropriate. As none of these reorganizations has been submitted to the Congress, have you determined that the action by the Regents takes precedence over House and Senate requirements relating to the merger and/or elimination of line items in your appropriations?

Answer: In each of the reorganizations cited, the actions taken were to improve performance and efficiency. Funds will continue to be used for functions approved and funded by the House and

Senate. In other words, funds have not been reprogrammed to other purposes. We are mindful, however, of the Congressional interest in line items in our budget and will improve our communications on future such reorganizations.

Question: Will you please submit to the Committee a revised budget justification showing the distribution of funds of all programs which have been reorganized during the current fiscal year or which are planned to be reorganized during this year or during fiscal year 198A.

Answer: EKiring the current fiscal year and subsequent to the FY 1984 Congressional submission, the Division of Performing Arts was reorganized to provide for close working relationships between bureau research and exhibition interests, the continuing adult education emphases of our Resident Associate Program and the resulting calendar of performance events for the public. All Federal resources associated with the Program have been transferred to the National Museum of American History, except $35,000 which will be made available to the Office of Plant Services to serve as a replacement fund for audio visual equipment. Resources made available to the Museum will be used for the creation of free public concerts in the American performing arts, utilizing instruments in the Museum's Collections or spaces in and around its building. The Trust fund resources associated with the Division have been transferred to the Resident Associates Program which is funded exclusively by nonappropriated funds. The Resident Associates Program will manage all events for which tickets are sold to the public.

Other FY 19^3 reorganizations which are reflected in the FY 1984 budget request include: 1) decentralization of lamp purchases from the central Office of Plant Services account to the relevant museums: National Museum of Natural History/Museum of Man, $35,000; National Museum of American History, $35,000; National Air and Space Museum, $20,000; Hlrshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, $10,000; Building Manager South Group, S10,000; Center for Asian Art, $4,000; and the National Museum of African Art, $2,000; 2) the consolidation of utilities costs into the central utilities account from individual funds of off-Mall bureaus including the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, $120,000; the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, $49,000; the Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies, $14,000; and the Cooper-Hewitt Museum, $22,000 (noted on page A-6 of the submission); 3) the consolidation of the film and electronic media resources of the Institution (two positions and $69,000 from the Office of Exhibits Central and one position and $25,000 from the Office of Museum Programs to the Office of Telecommunications as noted on pages A-102, A-108, and A-120 of the submission); 4) centralization of the automated collections management review function into the Office of Information Resource Management (two positions and $53,000 from the Registrar's Office); 5) transfer of the administration of the Cooperative Education Program ($30,000 from the Office of Equal Opportunity to the Office of Fellowships and Grants); and 6) the transfer of $25,000 from the Office of Protection Services to the Office of Plant Services for the maintenance of off-Mall fire detection equipment. These reorganizations do not alter functions approved by the Congress; they were accomplished in order to improve performance and efficiency.

Also planned in the summer of 1983 is the merger of the Radiation Biology Laboratory with the Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies. In the winter of 1981-1982 the Institution conducted a review of the Radiation Biology Laboratory and the Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies, prompted by the recognition that the two bureaus shared common scientific interests and that a merger could enhance their objectives with a single and larger staff at one site. In addition, an integrated bureau would be more interdisciplinary and could more readily apply new scientific approaches.

A physical merger will not occur until a new building is completed at the Chesapeake Bay Center. The Institution will seek authorization and appropriations for a new 60,000 sq. ft. laboratory to be completed in advance of the expiration of the Radiation Biology Laboratory's present lease at Rockville in January 1990. The new bureau will undertake long-term research at the molecular and whole-organism level at the Bay Center's excellent site. The merger will result in greater efficiency in administration and in the use of available scientific resources. A name for the new bureau and details concerning administrative structure are being developed and will be transmitted to the Senate and House Subcommittees as soon as they are available.

National Museum of American History

Question: With respect to the National Museum of American History, it appears that funding for renovation of the building and exhibition spaces is being derived from three accounts: the base provided for operation of the Museum; from special exhibitions; and from the renovation and repair account. For the record, please supply information on the funds spent from fiscal year 1981 through fiscal year 1984 (projected) for renovation, repair, and new construction of interior and exterior spaces of the Museum identified by account.

Answer: The breakdown of funds by account for fiscal years 1981 through 1984 for exhibitions and for renovation, repair and new construction of interior and exterior spaces of the National Museum of American History is as follows:

Expenditures

FY 1981 FY 1982 FY 1983 FY 1984 Actual Actual Projected Projected

Base Appropriation /J^ $ 96,000 $ 149,000 $ 77,000 $ 80,000 (exhibition expenditures)

Major Exhibitions Appropriation /_2 490,000 431,000 665,000 525,000 (exhibition expenditures)

Repair and Renovation Account/^ 799,000 816,000 1,961,000 1,304,000

(No exhibition expenditures)

TOTAL $1,385,000 $1,396,000 $2,703,000 $1,909,000

/I These funds are the Museum's base Salaries and Expenses funds directed toward snail new exhibitions and maintenance of all existing exhibitions.

11 These funds are the Museum's share of the Major Exhibition Program and are used for new major exhibit installations.

/3 These funds are used for interior and exterior repair renovation of the building. No "Restoration and Repair of Buildings" funds are used to further the exhibits effort of the Museum.

Assistant Secretary for Public Service

Question: The fiscal year 1983 justification stated that trust funds would be used to hire two additional staff members for the Office of Telecommunications under the Assistant Secretary for Public Service. Now we find that three additional positions have been provided to that office, but they are supported by the Federal payroll and were taken from the Office of Exhibits Central and the Office of Museum Programs. Why did you not fund the positions from trust funds as outlined in last year's justification?

Answer: The 12 Federal positions included in the FY 1984 budget for this line item reflect the transfer of 3 positions from the Offices of Exhibits Central and Museum Programs to the Office of Telecommunications as part of centralization in FY 1983 of audiovisual activities within the Institution. The functions which have been performed by the incumbents of these 3 positions will continue to be performed by them under the centralized Office of Telecommunications.

The two additional trust positions which were shown in FY 198 3 in the FY 1983 justification but not shown for FY 1983 in the FY 1984 justification are not related to the audio-visual positions. Rather, in the FY 198 3 submission it was assumed that two additional positions (funded through the Institution's Educational Outreach Program) associated with the Smithsonian Galaxy Program (a radio series of short features produced and developed in connection with Smithsonian exhibits) would be funded through unrestricted Trust funds. This

transfer of funding sources for the two positions has not yet taken place and therefore no additional Trust positions are shown under this line in the FY 1984 budget submission other than those associated with the transfer of the audio-visual function.

Visitor Information and Associates' Reception Center

Question: An $80,000 increase is requested for support costs of the Visitor Information and Associates' Reception Center. These costs have traditionally been borne almost exclusively by trust funds. Why should there be a change to Federal support?

Answer: The Visitor Information and Associate's Reception Center functions as a central point for a wide range of information and assistance programs for the general public, Smithsonian National Associates, and Smithsonian staff through the involvement and coordination of large numbers of volunteers. Although the need to provide programs specifically for the National Associates visiting the Smithsonian served as the primary initial motivation to create VIARC, its mission to provide general public information and assistance has expanded greatly during the past decade. Programs for the general public presently include: the operation of 14 Information desks in eight museums, staffed every day of the year except Christmas Day by a corps of 400 volunteer Information Specialists; the Telephone Information Program, operating seven days a week, which responds to over 300,000 public telephone inquiries annually; the presentation of a daily visitor orientation program; and the Public Inquiry Mail Service unit, handling the research, response and referral of some 30,000 mail inquiries annually. Moreover, during the peak tourist season (from May through Labor Day), VIARC maintains an outdoor information program dispensing information and brochures to visitors from a number of mobile carts on the Mall. Currently, Federal funding is used primarily for the personnel costs of the Center's Public Inquiry Mail Service's activity, and for temporary program assistants. The Institution's nonappropriated Trust funds support 12 positions and almost all support requirements. In recognition of its expanded role in the development and provision of visitor services, the increase of $80,000 is requested in order to provide Federal support for the Center commensurate with its enlarged scope of activities for the general public. The funds will be used for the support costs of rental equipment ($17,000); printing and reproduction ($30,000); contractual services ($19,000); supplies and materials ($12,000); and equipment purchases ($2,000).

Question: Discounting the one-time appropriation of $200,000 for a film commemorating the signing of the Treaty of Paris, the request for the Assistant Secretary for Public Service represents an increase of more than 60% compared with the fiscal year 1983 request. For the record, please provide additional details as to what expanded responsibilities this office has assumed to justify such an increase.

Answer: Discounting the one-time appropriation of $200,000 for a film commemorating the signing of the Treaty of Paris there is, in FY 1984, an increase of $223,000 over the FY 1983 request.

Reorganization in the Office of Telecommunications (centralization of audio-visual functions) $ 94,000*

Pay Supplemental for FY 1983 23,000

Requested increase for Visitor Information and Associates Reception Center 80,000*

Necessary Pay 8,000

Inflation 18,000

TOTAL $223,000

* Explained in answers to the questions above.

Question: Three "other than permanent" positions were assigned to this office in fiscal year 198 3 and continued in fiscal year 1984. What are these positions and what source of funds was used to support the positions in fiscal year 1983?

Answer: The source of funds used to support the "other than permanent" positions in fiscal year 1983 are Federal resources previously earnarked for contractual services but which were used instead to secure services through the use of on-board temporary employees. The three "other than permanent" positions are a motion picture production assistant (Office of Telecommunications) and two information specialists (Visitor Information and Associates Reception Center).

Office of the Registrar

Question: Two positions and several thousands of dollars have been transferred from the Office of the Registrar. As no explanation is provided in the justification, please provide one for the record.

Answer: A study determined that there was some overlap in responsibility for information management between the Office of the Registrar and the Office of Information Resource Management. Two positions and their incumbents and $53,000 were transferred from the Registrar's office to clarify the relationships and to strengthen the information resource management function in a single office. Both of the employees involved bring experience that will be useful to the new organization.

Conservation Analytical Laboratory

Question: The Holocaust Memorial Council falls under the jurisdiction of this subcommittee. In fiscal year 1984, they will embark on a major effort to catalogue and restore works of art relating to that era which have been stored in warehouses for decades. Would the Smithsonian be in a position to assist in this effort on a cost reimbursable basis?

Answer: The Smithsonian has no information, as of now, concerning the extent of the collections that are either owned by or will be transferred to the Holocaust Memorial Council. However, it has been the Institution's policy in the past to assist organizations

in any way possible in the conservation of their collections, and has done so by providing advice on conservation conditions and treatment, by scientific analysis of samples and, occasionally, depending upon the work load of Smithsonian laboratories, by carrying out some actual conservation treatments. The Institution has an enormous backlog of works in need of conservation and, therefore, it must assign first priority to its own holdings. To deal with the backlog, the Institution itself retains outside conservation contractors to assist with conservation projects. With the relocation of the central Conservation Analytical Laboratory to the larger facilities of the Museum Support Center and the increased staff that has been authorized for FY 1983 and anticipated increases in 1984, it may be possible to carry out special work for the Holocaust Memorial Council on a cost reimbursable basis. The exact extent of the Institution's assistance in this regard will depend upon the availability of staff and the nature of the objects that the Council might submit for consultation.

Major Exhibition Program

Question: Please explain the rationale behind the changes in the equipment and other services request in the fiscal year 1983 budget and the fiscal year 1983 base figures displayed in the fiscal year 1984 justification.

Answer: Installation of the New Life in American exhibition which was anticipated to be accomplished with in-house staff, requiring supplies, materials and equipment, is being instead contracted out. The Museum of American History over estimated the production capabilities of on-board exhibits staff. This change has not resulted in any increase in cost of the exhibit.

Museum Support Center

Question: Eighty additional positions are requested for the staffing of the Museum Support Center bringing the total to 116. Will the Center be fully staffed at that level?

Answer: As is currently planned the staffing of the Museum Support Center will be complete in 1988 with 145 positions. Additional positions will be requested, as follows:

Qffice of Protection Services - FY 1985, 9 positions. Office of Photographic Services - FY 1985, 1 position. Office of the Director - FY 1985, 1 position. Office of Facilities Management - FY 1985, 3 positions. Conservation Analytical Laboratory - FY 1985, 10 positions; FY 1986, 3 positions; FY 1987, 1 position; FY 1988, 1 position.

Question: Are you unable to reallocate any existing positions to the Museum Support Center?

Answer: All new positions requested for the Museum Support Center are necessary to operate and maintain the building and its environmental systems, to provide security, and to staff new programs, such as the Conservation Training Program, to be housed at the Center. We are not able to reallocate existing positions for these purposes without weakening ongoing progress.

Conservation Training Program

Question: A total of 8 positions are requested for the conservation training program — including an information officer and a syllabus coordinator and two secretaries. Based on information provided for the record last year, you envision having only four to six students the first year reaching a maximum of 15 to 20 in later years. While there may be some need to compile a syllabus at the onset of the program, what is the need to make this a permanent position?

Answer: The responsibilities of the position termed "syllabus coordinator" extend far beyond the development of an initial syllabus covering basic courses for the students in museum conservation. Scientific conservation training requires a high degree of interdisciplinary academic education coupled with development of manual and laboratory skills which may lead to one or more of a variety of advanced conservation specializations. Although a number of carefully planned scientific and cultural courses will be prerequisites for the program, further courses in chemistry, physics, materials science, anthropology and art history will have to be planned and arranged for individual students as they advance into these specialized areas of conservation practice for different kinds of objects and materials, such as paintings, ceramics, paper, metals, wood, etc. The syllabus coordinator, as part of the training faculty, will be responsible for coordinating the theoretical and practical aspects of the training for each student as he or she develops a specialization. The coordinator will be required to see that the laboratory equipment and the materials required for each step of the training are available and accessible when needed. The individual will also coordinate between the students and the university departments involved in the training as well as the conservation and scientific staff of the Conservation Analytical Laboratory itself. Experience at other conservation training programs, including that at the International Center for Conservation in Rome, has shown that a day-to-day, hands-on effort by a qualified individual is required for an effective prograili.

Ouestion: Will the universities involved in the program provide any reimbursement to the Smithsonian for the training of their students?

Answer: The Institution has a long standing record of cooperation with area universities. At the present time a number of courses are given by members of the Smithsonian staff either in full or in part. The Institution receives a percentage of the registration fees paid to the universities by the students. It is expected that a similar arrangement will be developed based upon an equitable distribution of the work load between the staff of the universities and the staff of the Institution.

Ouestion: According to the justification, reports will be written by conservators and compiled by an information officer on every item treated "with precise descriptions of the condition and nature of the items, the need for conservation, and the individual steps in the treatment process." Is it usual to have such detailed record keeping in conservation?

Answer: It is generally recognized nationally and internationally that no conservation treatment is complete or, indeed, is considered ethically conducted if it is not fully documented. This documentation must include a minutely detailed description of the object prior to the start of the work, data on every step involved in the analysis and treatment, and a report on the completed work accompanied by photographs, graphs, analyses, etc., that will enable subsequent curators and conservators to' determine exactly what had been done to the ob.iect. The requirement for such documentation is included in the Code of Ethics of the profession.

Museum Support Center

Question: Additionally, there is a request for a full-time photographer for inventory control, conservation documentation and instructional purposes. Millions of dollars have been spent on the Collection Management/Inventory Program. If pictures are required, why shouldn't that activity be accomplished within the inventory program?

Answer: The purpose of the inventory is to record items and their locations in the Smithsonian collections. Only in a relatively few instances, as for items of high intrinsic value, have items been photographed. In general, funds were not budgeted for photography as part of the general inventory program. The Museum Support Center will have active programs of research, conservation, and conservation training. The Center will be used by staff, students, and visiting scientists and historians. There will be a continuing requirement for photography to document items for publications, exhibitions, and to assist in conservation training and treatment of objects.

Question: Why aren't the requests for protection services, plant services, and horticulture at the Museum Support Center contained in those individual accounts as they are for the other Smithsonian activities?

Answer: The requests for protection services, plant services and horticulture are included in the central Museum Support Center equipment and operations line item to facilitate review and accountability. Once overall operating resources have been sought in accordance with the schedule outlined in the Institution's "Five-Year Prospectus," approved resources will be included in the appropriate individual accounts. The same procedure was followed in FY 1980 and FY 1981 in the case of the resource requests for the Office of Protection Services, the Office of Plant Services and the Smithsonian Institution Libraries associated with the acquisition of the National Museum of African Art,

Question: Twenty maintenance and preventive mechanics are requested to operate and maintain the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning system at the Museum Support Center. Can you tell us how this compares with GSA standards for such positions?

Answer: The 20 mechanics requested for operation and maintenance of the MSC physical plant are broken down into 12 positions for the 24 hour-a-day seven days-a-week operation of the high pressure system and eight positions for the periodic preventive maintenance of the HVAC equipment, controls and fire and smoke alarms.

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The total of 12 positions requested for the operation of the MSC physical plant is significantly less than the standards GSA uses to staff the only two comparable facilities in the Washington metropolitan area that have their own steam and refrigeration generating plants - the CIA facility in Langley, Virginia and the GSA Suitland • facility in Suitland, Maryland. These two facilities are staffed with lA and 13 mechanics respectively, solely for the operation of their heating and refrigeration plants. Additional mechanics are utilized to check the operation of the system components throughout the buildings served by these plants. The 12 positions requested for the MSC will be utilized not only for the heating/refrigeration plant operation, but also for the operation of the system components throughout the building. This level of staffing is made possible by the fact that the heating/refrigeration plant is an integral part of the MSC. Additionally, the fact that the building is equipped with a complex computer system that can centrally monitor and control most of the installed HVAC system components throughout the building further reduces the need for staffing.

The total of eight positions requested for the performance of preventive maintenance was determined by calculating what maintenance needed to be performed on each piece of equipment, how long it will take to do the maintenance task, and how maiiy times a year the maintenance task should be performed. GSA determines its staffing for preventive maintenance the same way. Differences in total number of required positions will occur, however, mainly due to changes in frequencies brought about by equipment usage, and differences in the standard time to perform maintenance brought about by equipment location and type of components. The Smithsonian determined its frequency for necessary maintenance on each piece of equipment based upon the recommendations of equipment manufacturers and known usage. Standard time to perform each maintenance task was obtained from the Institution's Preventive Maintenance Administrative System contractor. The contractor has many years of experience working with the Department of the Navy and private corporations world-wide, developing standard times through extensive time and motion studies and actual usage data. Actual experience for the past four years in the Smithsonian's existing buildings has proven that the standard times used by the contractor to perform maintenance tasks are realistic for the type of equipment installed in the Institution's buildings.

Administration

Question: Seven hundred fifty thousand dollars is requested to upgrade the Smithsonian's computer system. The emphasis will be placed on the libraries, specimen collections, financial management and training. The justification indicates that the entire Institution will eventually be on the new system. What is the total estimated cost of this conversion?

Answer: The $750,000 the Institution is requesting for FY 1984 is part of a multi-year plan involving expenditures at this level through FY 1988 and decreasing expenditures in the following two years. An appropriation of $275,000 was made in the FY 1983 budget for an Institutional bibliographic information system. The FY 1984 request will be devoted to the extension of that bibliographic information system and the acquisition of systems for management of museum artifacts and for financial information. In following years, the Institution will acquire systems for management of public

activities information, buildings and space management information and capital equipment. A system for integrated management of personnel information is being implemented this year. Each of these developments requires an investment in personnel training and in extending and supporting communications throughout the Institution. These underlying expenses will continue at roughly $150,000 per year during the seven year plan. It is expected that this investment in the modernization and integration of Smithsonian information systems will result in a substantial enhancement of the Institution's ability to obtain and share information in the management of its programs and in more efficient administrative control.

Question: Fifty thousand dollars is requested to establish an automated office training laboratory which is to be staffed by present personnel. How will the fifty thousand dollars be used?

Answer: Support for two kinds of training programs is sought. The first is directly related to the new capabilities which are being introduced. To exploit these capabilities to their fullest, the staff of the Office of Information Resource Management and the users of the new systems must be trained thoroughly. Staff will be sent to training before systems are introduced and some training programs will be brought into the Institution to train users once systems are operational.

The second training effort is more general; it is critical for the Institution that employees at all levels understand the opportunities presented by information management technologies and the methods of planning for their introduction. This will be done by establishing, on a modest scale, an in-house "laboratory" dedicated to computer literacy training and instruction in assessing appropriate technologies and planning for introduction of automation. We are presently experimenting with the laboratory by offering a course in computer-literacy to members of the Smithsonian Executive Committee and providing opportunities for exhibits and education staff in the Institution to explore computer-based-education. We feel that by providing this opportunity in-house we can expose staff to the opportunities and warn them of the pitfalls better than haphazard exposure to vendors which is their predominant source of information at present, or expensive one-day and one-week seminars in which staff currently enroll. To establish the laboratory on a full-time basis with a variety of different technologies will require additional initial support but we anticipate long-term savings both in the direct cost associated with seeking outside training and, more importantly, in the indirect costs associated with acquisition of appropriate technologies.

Foreign Currency Program

Question: Nine million forty thousand dollars is requested for the Special Foreign Currency Program, $4,000,000 of which will support a forward-funded reserve for research in India. What is the total amount of the reserve toward which you are aiming?

Answer: The Smithsonian is aiming or a forward reserve totalling $10,000,000 equivalent of Indian rupees. This will permit five years of American research in India after the loss of excess rupee status. The current fund totals $1,250,000.

Utility Systems - Repair and Renovation

Question: Substantial increases are now projected in the costs to repair heating and air conditioning systems at the Arts and Industries Building, the National Museum of American History and at the National Museum of Natural History. Total costs between fiscal years 1984 and 1988 are estimated at $19,550,000 for these three buildings while the estimate provided last year for the fiscal years 1983 through 1987 was $5,225,000. What is the reason for this threefold increase?

Answer: The reason for the increase projected in the costs to repair heating and air conditioning systems at the Arts and Industries Building, the National Museum of American History and at the National Museum of Natural History is that engineering studies have now been completed which permit greater definition of costs. The studies are an essential part of an effort to examine environmental conditions and related energy conservation needs for the buildings, A major emphasis of the studies has been on the preservation of collections, the physical condition of existing equipment and recommended programs to conserve energy as well as to provide efficient cost effective modifications. Currently $19.5 million of work is planned through 1988.

Quadrangle Construction

Question: We understand that there will be a photographic record of the Ouadrangle construction project and that later films will be produced. How often will photographs be taken?

Answer: Arrangements have been made to document visually construction of the Quadrangle project for archival and information purposes.

The Smithsonian's Office of Photographic Services has set up a time-lapse camera in the South Tower of the Castle to record progress twice daily. In addition, photographs will be taken weekly at ground level.

The Institution also will produce two films. A 12- to 18-minute documentary which will be used to aid in fund-raising and to provide for the public general information on the concept of the project will be produced by the end of June. A longer film, using some duplicate footage while also following the progress of the project's construction, will be available in 1986 and suitable for public television.

Question: What is the estimated cost of producing this photographic record?

Answer: A contract has been signed with an independent producer for the two films, as well as for archival footage of some of the principals associated with the project. The contract price is

$280,000.

The Tower and ground-level still photography will be supervised by Smithsonian employees in the Office of Photographic Services and utilize existing equipment. The cost of film, processing, and related maintenance is estimated at $1,500.

Question: Are appropriated funds being used for this effort?

Answer: Nonappropriated resources are being applied to the film projects, while appropriated funds are being used for the still photography.

SUBCOMMITTEE RECESS

Senator McClure. Mr. Ripley, it is a pleasure to have you and your colleagues before us again. It is always a pleasure to work with you as well as to visit with you from time to time.

Mr. Ripley. May I thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, and also for the wonderful support that we have had from your committee in connection with our work on the quadrangle itself This has been very heartening to us and hopefully very much in the national interest.

Thank you, sir.

Senator McClure. Thank you.

The subcommittee will stand in recess until Thursday, March 24 at 2 p.m. at which time we will review the fiscal year 1984 budget estimates for the conservation programs of the Department of Energy.

[Whereupon 3:05 p.m., Wednesday, March 23, the subcommittee was recessed, to reconvene at 2 p.m., Thursday, March 24.]