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nolooy that lias done so much to make this country strong and great. ■At the present time our country recognizes more clearly than ever before that our national welfare and our national defense depend m many ways on maintaining work of the highest order m pure and applied science. In a society such as ours we must depend upon catching the interest of the future scientists of each generation and then providing them with the motivation that will help them carry on the hard educational programs that must be mastered by every modern scientist. Certainly the millions of young Americans who come to the Smithsonian each year see illustrated in a unique and powerful wav in our exhibits the role of science in the growth of our Nation's'industrial and military strength. Such a demonstration cannot help firing the imagination of thousands of bright boys and girls.

The Smithsonian itself has also from the first carried on fundamental investigations in a number of clearly defined scientific and scholarly fields. The rest of the world has come to look to the Smithsonian for this work. Some of the most important of these studies are related to the world famous and often unique botanical, zoological, and geological collections of the Institution. The research investigations and the publications related to these studies constitute our Nation's part in a worldwide scientific advance, Other investigations of this sort are also carried on at the British Museum and in the national museums of the other great nations both outside and behind the Iron Curtain. In this connection it may be noted that for more than 100 years the Smithsonian has served as the effective American world clearinghouse for the exchange of scientific literature.

During the previous fiscal year, that is, the year ending June 30, 1957, 4,841,818 visitors came to the Smithsonian buildings on the Mall, exclusive of the National Gallery of Art. In the last fiscal year ending June 30,1958, 5,423,771 visitors came to these same buildings. This increase in number of visitors is almost certainly due to the greater attractiveness and the larger educational value of the newly renovated exhibits in our old buildings. If the National Zoological Park and the National Gallery of Art are included, last year a grand total of 10,365,876 visitors came to the Smithsonian. It is indeed a great obligation and challenge to the Smithsonian to serve this vast army of visitors as wisely and effectively as possible.

Each week an average of some 300 research workers from universities all over the country and from other Government bureaus come to the Smithsonian to do scientific work that cannot be conducted elsewhere. Last year our staff answered 252,409 letters and requests for information.

Much of the present work of the Smithsonian involves the continuation of previously authorized programs for the gradual rehabilitation of the structure of our old buildings, for the renovation of existing exhibits, and for the preparation of exhibits for the new Museum of History and Technology Building, which is being constructed for the Smithsonian Institution on Constitution Avenue.

In spite of an ever-increasing workload, we are this year requesting the same basic appropriation as that which the Congress granted the Smithsonian last year, if the supplemental appropriation for the required classified pay increase is*<|fcluded.

The table on page 1 of the statement before you gives a summary of our appropriation request as compared with last year's appropriation. It also shows in detail the gd&sft$#ions that are proposed in the objects of expenditure for the fiscal year 1960.

May I take this opportunity to say how deeply grateful the Regents and staff of the Smithsonian Institution are to your committee in making possible the great forward development of the Smithsonian Institution that has taken place in recent years.

We will, of course, be glad to try to answer any questions that you wish to ask. Thank you.

Justification

Mr. Kirwax. $7,718,000 is requested for 1960, the same as this year after the Pay Act adjustment. Will you insert pages 1 and 2 and 4 through 12 in the record ?

(The matter referred to follows:)

Smithsonian Institution —1960 Genekax Statement

During the fiscal year 1960, the Smithsonian Institution will continue the following programs: (1) Preservation for the American people of their irreplaceable national collections, the attractive exhibition of these treasures, and furnishing information relating thereto ; (2) continuation of its fundamental researches : (3) publication of the results of these investigations; and (4) the international exchange of scientific literature. The basic concerns of the Institution are to conduct its special researches and services with full regard for the ever-widening horizons of modern science; to meet increasing demands for authentic scientific data by Congress, by other Federal agencies and scientific institutions, and by the public; to continue preparations so that the Museum of History and Technology, when opened to the public, will dramatize in a superlative way the rise of American civilization; and to carry on the long-term programs of renovating exhibits and rehabilitating the present buildings. The Institution is also engaged in planning for the authorized additions to the Natural History Building and for urgently needed additional buildings, including a Na-tionl Air Museum, a Smithsonian Gallery of Art, and a National Portrait Gallery.

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

The 1960 base

The 1959 appropriation for "Salaries and expenses of the Smithsonian Institution," including the anticipated supplemental appropriation of $310,000, totals $7,717,800. Of this total, $811,381 is nonrecurring. Consequently, the 1960 base for this appropriation is $6,906,419. This amount includes $4,211,275 for personal services, which provides for a |*afca*t*WE£staff of 812 permanent employees, and $2,695,144 for other obligations. /

The 1960 increases

In order to meet requirements for the fiscal year 1960, the Smithsonian Institution requests for "Salaries and expenses, Smithsonian Institution," an increase over the 1960 base amounting to $811,581 as follows :

1. 01 Personal services (all activities) : $18,166 for regular pay above 52-week base;

2. United States National Museum: $720,915—for renovation of exhibits ($455,000) : for continuing the staffing of and travel for the Museum of History and Technology ($265,915, including $10,000 for travel) :

3. Buildings Management Service: $58,000—for rehabilitation of exhibition buildings: and

4. Other General Services: $14,500—for contributions to the retirement fund for new staff of the Museum of History and Technology.

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Salaries and expenses — Analysis by activities

1959

Deductions

Additions

1960

1. Management

2. Operation of:

United States National Museum. Bureau of American Ethnology. _. Astrophysical Observatory. _ National Collection of Fine Arts

National Air Museum

Canal ical Area

Edui • ■ -

Internationa] Exchange Service...

3. Genera] services: IS)

Buildings Management Serviee..-Other general services

$103,251

1,245, L54 62, in:.

394,687 I 56,828

149,299 5fl,265 25,087 83,096

887,464

Total

7,717,800

0

$753,381 0 0 0 0 0

0 0

58,000

0

811,381

0

$720,915 0 0

0

0

(I

0 0

:», l'ir, 14,500

811, 581

$103,251

4,212,688

62, 105 394, os7 56, 828 149,299 .50, 265 25. 0s7 83, 096

1,678,730 901,964

7, 718.000

i Includes $18,166 for additional day's pay for all ".Salaries and expenses."

U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

Renovation of exhibits

For 1954, the Congress appropriated funds to initiate a program of revitalizing the exhibits in the U.S National Museum. For each year since 1954, funds have been appropriated to continue this necessary improvement at a steady rate. For 1959, the sum of $610,500 was appropriated.

The schedule below shows the status of work on the halls included in the renovation of exhibits program.

Completed and opened to the public by the end of fiscal year 1958 :

1. First Ladies Hall.

2. The first American Indian Hall.

3. North American Mammals Hall.

4. Latin American Archeology Hall.

5. Bird Hall.

6. American Cultural History Hall.

7. Power Machinery Hall.

8. The second American Indian Hall.

9. Health Hall.

10. Military History Hall. To be completed and opened to the public by the end of fiscal year 195'.);

1. Printing Arts Hall (already opened).

2. Gems and Minerals Hall (already opened).

3. Textiles Hall.

4. World of Mammals Hall.

5. Agriculture Hall.

6. The first North American Archeology Hall (construction completed only).

7. Fossil Fishes and Amphibians Hall (construction completed only).

8. Fossil Plants and Invertebrates Hall (construction completed only). During fiscal year 1959 drawings will be finished and contracts awarded for

the following halls:

1. The second North American Archeology Hall.

2. Prehistoric Mammals Hall.

3. Medical and Dental History Hall.

4. Numismatics Hall.

For 1960, the U.S. National Museum requires $455,000 for the renovation of exhibits as follows:

07 Other contractual services:

1. Ocean Life Hall $234,400

2. Peoples of the Pacific Hall 151, 900

3. Completing 1959 projects and preparing collections for 1961

and 1962 projects 68, 700

Total 455, 000

Museum of History and Technology

The Smithsonian Institution was directed by the act of June 28, 1955 (69 Stat. 189) to design and construct a Museum of History and Technology and has been granted appropriations totaling $36 million for this purpose.

In order to continue preparations for the opening of this building to the public as the outstanding museum which the Congress expects it to be, the U.S. National Museum requires in 1960 an additional amount of $265,915 for personal services and other obligations.

01 Personal services

The U.S. National Museum requires 57 new positions (net) in 1960, estimated to cost $265,915 over the 1980 base. This will provide 15 additional museum curators, museum aids, and stenographers to perform the added work of acquiring and renovating the collections and directing the design of exhibits for the Museum of History and Technology; and 42 exhibits technicians to plan, design, and construct exhibits, involving work on a total of 36 exhibit halls.

02 Travel

The U.S. National Museum requires in 1960 an increase over the 1960 base amounting to $10,000 for travel.

This amount is required to send curators to make numerous additional examinations of historical and technical objects and collections offered to the museum as the result of rapidly increasing public interest generated by the planning of exhibits for the Museum of History and Technology. These added activities also involve making arrangements for the transfer of new collections to the U.S. National Museum; studying the collections, preservation practices, and exhibits techniques of other museums; consultations with experts in museum planning, and inspecting exhibits cases and equipment being built under contracts with the Institution. The travel requirements connected with the above activities will increase substantially during the fiscal year 1960.

BUILDING MANAGEMENT SEEVICE

The Buildings Management Service requires for 1960 a net increase over the 1960 base amounting to $58,000 for the rehabilitation of buildings.

07 Other contractual services

The building rehabilitaton program for 1960 continues to be curtailed substantially below that for 1958 because of the deletion of all Natural History building rehabilitation items. These items will be considered for inclusion in the proposed construction appropriation for the addition of wings to and reconditioning of the Natural History building.

To continue the long-term rehabilitation of buildings program on this curtailed basis, the Buildings Management Service proposes the following five projects for the fiscal year 1960 amounting to $58,000:

For the Freer Gallery of Art building (1922)

Project No. 1. —The sum of $5,000 is requested to repair the surface stonework of the north wall in the south corridor leading into the auditorium of the Freer Gallery of Art. Approximately 800 square feet of the limestone face of this wall has been sprung out of line. This loose and protruding surface is a hazard to employees and the public. To avoid the possibility of a serious accident this stonework should be removed, the backup wall repaired, and the stonework reset and anchored securely to the backup wall.

Project No. 2. —The sum of $7,000 is requested to repair and repaint the walls and ceilings in the basement of the Freer Gallery of Art. This area contains -the auditorium, administrative, and scientific offices, library, and the receiving, storage and maintenance rooms. With the exception of a few rooms, the entire basement has not been repainted since the building was constructed 36 years ago. Seepage and dampness through the backup wall has caused the plaster to become loose in many places. Therefore, it will be necessary to remove the loose plaster and waterproof the backup wall before replastering. The ceilings and walls will then be painted a light color which will increase lighting efficiency.

Project No. 3. —The sum of $6,000 is requested to replace, with modern equipment, the old lavatory and urinal fixtures in the five comfort rooms of the Freer Gallery of Art. This is absolutely necessary since it has now become impossible to keep the old fixtures clean or in a sufficiently sanitary condition to prevent objectionable odors.

Project No. 4. —The sum of $5,000 is requested to repair the walls of galleries No. 9, 10, and 11, which are constructed of plywood covered with a light fabric and heavily painted. The continuing expansion and contraction of the plywood sections have produced large cracks and irregularities in the wall surface. The only way to eliminate this unsightly condition is to remove the plywood, plaster the walls, and repaint the new plaster of these three galleries.

FOR THE SHETLAND STORAGE FACILITY

Project No. 5. —The sum of $35,000 is requested for concrete surfacing of approximately one-half of the service roads leading to the 16 storage buildings at Suitland, Md. The existing dirt and gravel roads tremendously hamper work to be performed in this storage area. In rainy weather the roads are almost impassable and in dry weather they cause dust and dirt to be spread through the buildings. This condition makes restoration work, which includes such processes as cleaning, oiling, painting, and doping, more time-consuming and difficult. Paving of these service roads will improve access to stored materials. The reduction of dust and dirt will also result in direct savings by eliminating much of the recurring cleanup problem.

OTHER GENERAL SERVICES

11 Grants, subsidies, and contributions

"Other general services" requires for 1960 an increase over the 1960 base amouning to $14,500 for additional contributions to be deposited in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the civil service retirement fund in accordance with the act of July 31,1956 (70 Stat. 747).

Record of visitors to Smithsonian buildings

Fiscal years

1958

July

August

September. October... November. December.

January

February..

March

April

May

June

Total

419,482 448,956 236,688 275,134 170,560 124,846 130,717 189, 270 203, 634 585, 956 513,626 360,012

3, 658, 881

457,892 490, 035 280,063 229,695 201, 934 115,802 !39, (.15 150,023 237, 726 585,916 551,820 454,496

430,956 448, 023 267,580 253,411 201,920 128,472 145,069 187,426 327, 417 667,752 597,566 489,999

601,034 660,567

301,907 265,148 230, 270 149,651 151,163 228, 872 314,136 726,290 661,857 550, 923

3,895,017

4,145, 591

4,841,818

763,817 765,129 327,068 265,803 266,824 182,901 171,655 136,494 322, 943 864, 451 762, 207 594,479

5,423, 771

PERSONNEL INCREASE

Mr. Kirwan. I note you are proposing an increase of 50 positions in I960. Please explain why this additional staff is necessary.

Dr. Carmichael. Sir, we are, as you know, engaged in getting ready for this great new building, the Museuni^fJIistory and Technology, and in doing this it is not possible to havejche preparation of the exhibits done outside under contract. Some of that work has been done and will continue to be done under contract but we are getting to the final stages of some of these preparations. That means that we must have more individuals to help in this work.

Of the total number requested. 15 are curators and others related to the curatorial staff; that is, people who are experts and their aids and stenographers. Forty-two are exhibit technicians who will help us in building exhibits for the 36 great halls that we are concerned with, sir.

Mr. Kirwan. In other words, you are telling the committee that if we are going to spend $35 million for the building, then you must have somebody to prepare the exhibits.

Dr. Carmichael. Yes; to make it ready so that when the structure is complete the visitors—and there are going to be many, many millions of them the first year and the year after that and all the years after that—these visitors can come into that building as soon as possible and see these great national treasures displayed in a way that will provide a valuable educational experience for them.

Mr. Kirwan. So everything will be ready when the building is ready ?

Dr. Carmichael. Yes. We are making exhibits now and putting them, as it were, in a refrigerator so that when the building is open we can bring them out. We are making them, putting them in storage, preparing to put them into the building.

EXHIBITS IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM

Mr. Kirwan. Please give us some examples of progress under the exhibits improvement program.

Dr. Carmichael. We have made very great progress. We have opened the First Ladies' Hall, North American Indian Hall; North American Mammals Hall; the Bird Hall; Latin American Archeology Hall; a historic hall; a power hall, showing the great development of machinery in America from the primitive colonial conditions to today; a health hall; and a military history hall. Those are completed and opened. In the fiscal year 1959 we have already opened the Printing and Graphics Hall and the Gems and Minerals Hall. The latter is open now and it is a wonderful place. It is instructing people in the basic science of mineralogy and it is also causing people to realize something that some had never thought of before, that is the beauties of the natural objects of this world. The Textiles Hall also has just been opened. By the end of 1959, the Mammals Hall will be opened together with Halls of Agriculture, North American Archeology, Fossil Fishes and Amphibians, and Fossil Plants and Invertebrates. We hope to have the planning done during this year for the second North American Archeology Hall, the Prehistoric Mammals Hall, the Medical and Dental History Hall, and for a coin hall. The latter will show our unrivaled collections so that they will instruct the visitor and not just show one simple case of coins after another. The visitor is going to learn much history as revealed in the study of coins.

In 1960 we hope to prepare a great Hall of Ocean Life from the largest animal, the whale, down to microscopic animals that can only be shown in models; and a Peoples of the Pacific Hall. We have wonderful collections for this hall, most of which have not been shown, that have come to us ever since the collections made by the Wilkes Exploring Expedition in 1838. We will also in 1960 bring to completion some of the other halls that have been mentioned aboA r e, sir.

NATIONAL ZOO

Mr. Kirwan. As you know, the House Appropriations Subcommittee on the District of Columbia suggested in its report last year that the question of financing of the national zoo be reviewed by the Board

36292—59 58

of Regents. I wonder if you would like to make any report on this matter at this time ?

Dr. Carmichael. Yes, Mr. Chairman, I would like to do so. May I do so. May I read briefly the relevant statement by the committee? In reporting the District appropriations bill for 1959, the committee stated:

The committee has been concerned for the past several years about the anomalous position of the zoo. The District of Columbia bears the entire cost of operation and maintenance, but the zoo is under the control and administration of the Smithsonian Institution.

And I may pause to say that this saves a great deal of money and also makes the zoo a scientific organization that it probably could not be otherwise because we have in our museum and on our scientific staff experts on mammals, on reptiles, and on many other forms of animal life. Zoos that are not affiliated with an institution such as ours have to try to employ a staff of this kind, whereas we are able to give this advice to the zoo without additional compensation.

The committee stated further:

While the District has been financing the entire cost of the operation for over 30 years, very little progress has been made in the way of capital improvements. This year the District Commissioners included $65,000 in the capital outlay budget of the zoo for preliminary studies and plans for a new administration building and a new antelope building, the total cost of these two projects being estimated at $1,164,000. In addition, $50,000 was included for renovation of the animal paddocks. These two projects were the first major capital projects proposed for the zoo since the 1930's.

The Joint Fiscal Subcommittee of the District of Columbia Committees recently approved a revised capital outlay program for the District. In their report on the legislation, the District of Columbia Committees recommended the deletion of funds for capitals improvement at the zoo. In view of the District's apparent willingness to embark on a capital outlay program for the zoo and its subsequent deletion by the Congress, the committee—

this is the District of Columbia Appropriations Committee—

The committee recommends that the District Commissioners bring this question of future financing—not only of capital improvements but also of the cost of operating expenses—to the attention of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution.

As a consequence of this direction by the Congress, the District Conmiissioners wrote to the regents on November 20, 1958, in which they asked the regents to comment upon this recommendation.

This has been considered in some detail by our regents, both at a meeting of the executive committee and at a lull meeting of the Board. After the regents had considered the joint financing involved in St. Elizabeths Hospital and the National Capital Parks, they voted that the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution—that is the present speaker—be authorized to work out with the Board of Commissioners of the District of (Jolumbia an acceptable method to determine the percentage of visitors to the National Zoological Park who reside in the District of Columbia and those who five outside of the District. Second, that after a census taken by this agreed-upon method is available a further study he entered into concerning a satisfactory method for the appropriation of funds for the capital improvements and cost of operating the National Zoological Park. And third, that since fins study will require sometime, the present method of making appropriations for the National Zoological Park be continued for the fiscal year 1960.

Sir, that was the vote of our Board.

Mr. Kirwan. It will probably be along then in 1961; is that right?

Dr. Carmichael. That is right.

SATELLITE PROGRAM

Mr. Kirwan. I know that the Smithsonian Institution has played an important role in the satellite program. I wonder if you would, briefly comment on the part your staff is playing in this important field?

Dr. Carmichael. Thank you very much.

You realize, sir, that the work that we are doing here is related to the basic research of the Astrophysical Observatory of the Smithsonian but we would not have been able to play the large role we have played in this if it had not been for the fact that funds were made available to the Smithsonian from the International Geophysical Year appropriations. It is these funds that have allowed us to carry on this work.

I think that I could summarize the work by saying that we have really been able to track and record the activity of artificial satellites, both American and Eussian, in a way that has been most useful from the standpoint of basic science. May I take just a moment to give you this statement ?

Mr. Kirwan. Yes.

Dr. Carmichael. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, because of its worldwide reputation in photographing and studying meteors, was assigned the important task of organizing optical tracking for the proposed artificial satellites by the authorities of the IGY.

In the first months of the space age, after the October 1957 launching of Sputnik I, the satellite tracking program of the Smithsonian Institution was concentrated on finding and following the new "man-made moons" and on using preliminary data to help determine satellite positions.

I might digress, sir, to say that it came to me as a great surprise to learn that the mathematics that had been worked out by generations of astronomers in dealing with real satellites could not quite apply to these man-made moons because they differ in orbit. There are changes that take place in rate and in other ways in their orbits, and so this is a whole new research field. It has required people of the very greatest brilliance to carry on the work.

Later, the Smithsonian optical tracking operation shifted its emphasis to the creation and analysis of the final product—the Smithsonian Observatory's unique precision photographs. More than 5,000 pictures of the satellites have been taken by the 12 specially devised Smithsonian tracking cameras (or recording telescopes). These are located in Hawaii, New Mexico, Florida, Curacao, Peru, Argentina, Spain, South Africa, Iran, India, Australia, and Japan.

From these photographs our scientists can gain new information about the earth's size, shape, and mass distribution; about atmospheric density, turbulence, and seasonal change; and about fields of magnetism, electricity, and radiation.

The exact position data of the photographs enables radar, electromagnetic, infrared, and other tracking programs to establish their relative accuracy.

Finally, the pictures make it possible to reduce present errors of transoceanic distance measurements from miles to a few feet.

I would like to mention some of the interesting results of the very involved mathematics related to the calculation of orbits for artificial satellites and artificial planets.

It was predicted by the Astrophysical Observatory of the Smithsonian Institution that the rocket of the Russian Sputnik I would go down on a particular day approximately 1 month in advance. This prediction proved to be correct. Similarly, the Smithsonian Astro-physical Observatory predicted that Russian Sputnik II would go down on a particular day 1 month before the actual descent. Some hours before its descent it was predicted exactly where it would come down, and this prediction was also true, as it was reliably observed to go down in the region of Trinidad.

On the basis of preliminary Russian information the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory mathematically computed a preliminary orbit for the Russian satellite or artificial planet No. 1. On the basis of this calculation it is believed that astronomical photographs were made which will allow the calculation of a definite orbit for this artificial planet. It will require some time to be sure that the photographs are satisfactory for this purpose. It has been said by astronomers that if this artificial planet is again seen 50 years from now under favorable conditions it will almost certainly be as a result of the orbit calculated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory at this time.

That, sir, I think gives some general outline. Of course, we have a collection of reports a foot high.

Mr. Kirwan. You must have. If you predicted what time and day it was going to go down, you surely have something down there to back it up.

Do you have anything, Mr. Denton ?

Mr. Denton. No. I do not.

Mr. Kirwan. "We are very- glad Dr. Carmichael that you and your staff appeared here this morning. We wish you good luck and hope the new building is well on its way.

Dr. Carmichael. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Wednesday, February 4, 1959. NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART

WITNESSES

JOHN WALKER, DIRECTOR

ERNEST R. FEIDLER, ADMINISTRATOR

E. ROY EERGHOLZ, ASSISTANT TREASURER

L. D. HAYES, ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR

Salaries and Expenses Program and financing

1 Includes capital outlay as follows: 1958, $7,611; 1959, $10,400; 1960, $24,000.

Object classification

1958 actual 1359 estimate 1980 estimate

Total number of permanent positions

Full-time equivalent of all other positions.

Average number of all employees

Number of employees at end of year

Average GS grade and salary

Average salary of imgraded positions.

327

6

319

338

327

321

338

327

6

317

334

$4, 077 $3,957

,618 ,185

$4, 674 $4, 221

Personal services: •

Permanent positions

Positions other than permanent. Other personal services

$1,311, 538 20,337 28,949

$1, 415, 700 22,100 30, 300

Total personal services

Travel

Transportation of things

Communication services

Rents and utility services-Electric current

Steam

Printing and reproduction

Other contractual services

Services performed by other agencies.

Supplies and materials

Equipment

Lands and structures

Grants, subsidies, and contributions

Refunds, awards, and indemnities

Taxes and assessments

. 360,824

2,248

595

11,603

69,935 53, 975

7,, 576 27, 696

1,108 31, 276

8,5.75 15. 596 78,174

1, 005

1,614

1, 468, 600

2, 400

800

13,000

72, 800 54,700 10, 980 54, 948

1,000 35. Slfi

7, 890

85, 700 1,000 1,700

$1,415,700 22,100 36,200

1,474,000

7, 000

800

13,000

72, 800 54, 700

8,200 53, 700

1,000 34,100

9,300 17, 000 85, 700

1,000

1,700

Total

Costs financed from obligations of other years, net (—). Obligations incurred for costs of other years, net.

1, 671, 800

12, 343

1, 811,334 -15, 897

Total obligations.

1, 684,143

1, 795, 437

1, 834, 000

Mr. KnavAx. Now we will have the witnesses from the National Gallery of art. We are glad to see you all here again. Mr. Walker, if you have a statement you may proceed.

General Statement

Mr. Walker. The National Gallery of Art presents its budget for fiscal year 1960 in an amount which its trustees and its officers deem to be the minimum amount necessary properly to maintain the splendid gallery building and adequately to protect, exhibit, and care for the irreplaceable art treasures making up the national collection. To meet this budget the National Gallery of Art requests an appropriation of $1,834,000. This figure is $31,000 over and above the $1,803,000 estimated for the current fiscal year. This estimate of $1,803,000 should be explained as follows :

For the current fiscal year the Congress appropriated $1,674,000. Subsequent to this appropriation and in the last quarter of the past fiscal year, the Congress enacted a pay increase by Public Law 85-462 of June 20, 1958. Furthermore, within the last 9 months new wage-board determinations were twice made which affect approximately 100 employees of the National Gallery of Art. The additional cost of these pay increases which were not included in original estimates for our current year's budget comes to $139,000. A long overdue reclassification of guard positions at the gallery added another $1S,800. Of these required increases totaling $157,800, we plan to absorb $28,800.

This saving has been accomplished by a management program Avorked out by the administrative staff of the gallery. Perhaps a word should be mentioned on the nature of this management program. First, as the result of a survey made by the gallery's own administrative staff without outside aid, it was possible to work out a building maintenance and operation program that basically will accomplish everything that has heretofore been accomplished and at the same time will permit an overall reduction of three gallery employees per year. Second, a series of experiments were inaugurated to determine to what extent air conditioning and steam equipment could be shut down during off hours and at the same time maintain the temperatures and humidity necessary to protect the works of art. These experiments proved that the practice of operating such equipment full time, which had always been believed necessary, was, in fact, not necessary. The remainder of savings come from this source.

Turning again to the request, for the fiscal 1960 appropriation, I wish to point out that there is no increase requested for personal services over those estimated for the current year except that 1960 being leap year there is an additional compensable day in that year requiring approximately $5,400.

The remainder of the $31,000 increase derives from three items:

(1) An amount of $5,000 is needed to finance employee training programs pursuant to the Government Emplovee Training Act of July 7, 1958.

(2) We must replace the gallery's addressing machine, which has seen 15 years of hard service. This is estimated at $5,400.

(3) The modification of one elevator to passenger-operated status accounts for the remainder.

I should like to mention some of the things we have been doing at the gallery with private funds.

In an unfinished area we shall begin this month the completion of five more exhibition rooms, additional office space, and stack and work space for the Department of Graphic Arts. The cost of this project will be approximately $400,000. These funds have been provided by generous private benefactors.

Funds donated by private benefactors have also made it possible for the gallery to distribute over 50,000 color slides to more than 100 universities and colleges in this country. This enables students to see these great masterpieces of art projected in their classrooms.

Just 1 year ago yesterday we opened to the public our electronic guide system, called Lectour. This system, now available in 20 exhibition areas, was installed with funds from private sources. This system has proved very successful and has been used by over 60,000 visitors this past year.

Finally, the gallery has received in the past year from private sources either by gift or loan a total of 1,430 separate works of art.

The 1960 appropriation requested, $1,834,000, will support the National Gallery of Art at the same high standard of maintenance and service as has been provided by congressional appropriations since the establishment of the gallery in 1941.

Mr. Kirwan. Does that complete your statement ?

Mr. Walker. Yes, sir.

Justification

Mr. Kirwan. I wish you would insert pages 1 through 8, 14 to 16,, and 19 through 25.

(The matter referred to is as follows:)

Digest of Testimony

The 1960 estimates for the National Gallery of Art are based on the premises contained in section 4(a) of the joint resolution of Congress, March 24, 1937 (20 U.S.C. 71-75) in which "the faith of the United States is pledged that * * * the United States will provide such funds as may be necessary for the upkeep of the National Gallery of Art and the administrative expenses and costs of operation thereof, including the protection and care of works of art acquired by the Board, so that the National Gallery of Art shall be at all times properly maintained and the works of art contained therein shall be exhibited regularly to the general public free of charge."

The broad policies of the trustees of the National Gallery of Art are: (1) to hold and administer the collections of works of art acquired by the Board, (2) to give adequate protection thereto, (3) to exhibit the collections regularly to the public free of charge, and (4) to operate and maintain the gallery at a standard that will encourage the study of the fine arts throughout the Nation and will tend to attract gifts to the Nation's collections.

The estimated obligations for the current year total $1,S03,000 to be financed by an annual appropriation of $1,674,000, and a proposed supplemental appropriation of $129,000 to cover pay increases which became effective during the last quarter of the past fiscal year.

An average full-time employment of 314 is estimated for tbe current year as compared to 312 for the past year. The amount included for personal services in these estimates for 1960 will support an average full-time employment of 311—a reduction of 3 man-years from the current-year figure. Notwithstanding

this reduction iu the effective working force, an increased number of services are being made available to the public. Also, within-grade promotions effective in the current year and in 1960 will result in an estimated net increase of $28,000 over the "salary rates now being paid. However, no increase in funds for personal services is requested for 1960, other than for the additional compensable day in that year.

This net savings in personnel when more employees are being devoted to directly serving the public and protecting additional exhibition areas is tbe result of accomplished and anticipated improvements in building operating methods and administrative services made possible to a large extent by the replacement of obsolete machines and fixed equipment.

Much of this replacement program and major repairs to the building are being financed by substantial savings in the costs for utility services which have resulted from a more efficient operation of the heating and air-conditioning systems. There is included in these estimates an additional $22,400 to be used in this program of modernizing office machines and fixed equipment.

An increase of $5,000 is also requested to support an employee training program required by the Government Employees Training Act, approved July 7, 195S.

The net increase over the $1,803,000 anticipated to be available for the current year is $31,000, making the total estimate for 1960, $1,834,000.

National Gallery op Art-— Standard Classification Schedule Salaries and expenses, National Gallery of Art

GENERAL STATEMENT

During the fiscal year 1958 there were 1,430 accessions, either gifts or loans, including 63 paintings, 1,314 pieces of sculpture, 18 objects of decorative art, and 35 prints and drawings.

Among the gifts received were the following: Paintings:

"Dona Polyxena Spinola Guzman de Leganes" by Van Dyck, "Decius Mus Addressing the Legions" by Rubens, "Vincenzo Capello" by Titian, "Christ Cleansing the Temple" by El Greco. "Charity" by Andrea del Sarto, and "St. John the Evangelist on Patmos" by Titian, gift of the Samuel H. Kress Foundation. "Sir Robert Liston" by Gilbert Stuart, gift of Mr. Chester Dale. "La Grotte de la Lore" by Courbet, gift of Mr. Charles L. Lindemann. "Agostino Barberigo" by Veronese, gift of Mr. Lewis Einstein. "The Nymph of the Spring" by Cranaeh, gift of Mr. Clarence Y. Palitz. "Colonel Augustus James Pleasonton" by Neagle, gift of Mrs. Eugene S.

Pleasonton. "Mrs. Joseph Chamberlain" by Sargent, gift of Mrs. Mary Endicott

Carnegie. Ten American primitive paintings, gift of Edgar William and Bernice Chrysler Garbisch.

Decorative arts : French 18th century oak-paneled room, with its appointments, gift of George D. Widener and Eleanor W. Dixon.

Sculpture: Florentine school 16th century "Lion," Sienese school 15th Century "The Capitoline Wolf," "Winged Figure with Cornucopia" by Francesco di Giorgio, and 1307 Renaissance bronzes, gift of the Samuel H. Kress Foundation.

Prints and drawings: 35 prints, gift of the Rosenwald collection.

The following special exhibitions were held during the fiscal year 1958:

One hundred years of architecture in America (continued from previous

year). American primitive paintings from the collection of Edgar William and

Bernice Chrysler Garbisch. American paintings from the collection of the National Gallery of Art. The art of William Blake. Exhibition of masterpieces of Korean art.

Illuminated manuscript pages from the Rosenwald collection, and North Italian engravings from the Rosenwald collection and gifts from W. G. Russell Allen. The fantastic, the occult and the bizarre in prints from the Rosenwald

collection. Exhibition of photographs by Alfred Stieglitz. Advice was given regarding 341 works of art brought to the gallery for expert opinion, and nine visits were made to collections of private individuals in connection wth offers of gifts. The curatorial staff made approximately 2,150 reports requiring research in answer to questions from the public.

The material in the Index of American Design was studied during the year by 533 persons doing special research and seeking material for publication, exhibitions, slides, and for use by designers. Twenty traveling exhibitions with 67 bookings were sent to 15 States and India.

The staff of the educational office continued to give daily tours and talks in the galleries, morning and afternoon, throughout the year. The attendance for the general and congressional tours was 43,983. Lectures, conferences, and tours given by special appointment to 284 groups served 8,097 visitors. There were 52 Sunday auditorium lectures illustrated with art films or slides, attended by 12,914 persons. Members of the educational office prepared and gave 35 radio broadcasts during the year.

During the year the gallery library acquired without expense to the Government 1,1-45 books, 613 pamphlets, and 693 periodicals. The library now has 16,710 books and 12,294 pamphlets on art.

The photographic laboratory of the Gallery made 733 color slides, 733 black and white slides, 1,794 black and white negatives, 70 color separation negatives; and infrared photographs, ultraviolet photographs, color transparencies, and special X-ray studies, in addition to the prints required for study work and sale to the public.

The Sunday evening concerts in the east garden court, which are provided from private funds, were continued throughout the year. There is no admission charge to these concerts.

The attendance during the fiscal year 1958 was 913,481, a daily average of 2,516.

The Gallery was open to the public every day of the year except Christmas and New Year's Day. The art collections were adequately protected, and the Gallery as a whole was maintained at a standard in keeping with the conditions of the gift of the building and the initial collection of works of art.

EXPLANATION OF ESTIMATES FOR PERSONAL SERVICES

Fiscal year 1958. —Obligations for personal services during the past year totaled $1,360,824—a net increase of $41,124 over the amount estimated in the 1959 budget.

A supplemental appropriation of $31,580 and $9,544 from amounts budgeted for other items were used to finance this increase. The net increase referred to resulted from general pay increases totaling $46,402. The remaining part of the general increases were absorbed within the amount originally budgeted for personal services. The average full-time employment was 312.3 during the past year.

Fiscal year 1959. —The present personal service estimate for the current year will support an average full-time employment of 314.2. This is an increase of

1.9 man-years over 10. r >8. The increase over last year is due to the employment of an additional accountant for the full year and two additional guards for only the last five months in the year . (It is now anticipated that the three new galleries for which two additional guards were approved in the 1959 budget will not be completed until early next spring.)

The present personal services estimate for the current year exceeds the 1959 budget estimate by $138,600. Of this amount, $18,800 is due to the reallocation of 126 guard positions on May 5, 1958, and $119,800 is due to wage board and Classification Act increases effective during the past year. The reallocation cost is being absorbed, as well as $9,000 more than estimated in the 1959 budget for within-grade promotions. This unforeseen increase in within-grade promotions resulted when many employees who were in either saved wage board rates or at the top of the general schedule grades again became eligible for within-grade promotions after the recent wage board increases or after the reallocation of guard positions.

A supplemental appropriation of $129,000 is proposed for 1959 to cover the $119,800 increase in salaries mentioned above and related increases in retirement and insurance contributions.

Due to improvements which have been accomplished in the operation of building equipment and in anticipation of further improvements, five positions on the operating and maintenance staff have been abolished. Three of these positions were used for the three new positions justified in the 1959 budget. The other two positions were used for attendants who serve the public by making available to visitors radio receivers used in a new electronic guide service installed last year. The development and installation costs of this new service were financed from private funds. The net effect of these changes is a reduction of the 330 permanent positions allowed in the 1959 budget to 327.

Fiscal year 1960. —The total amount ($1,474,000) requested for personal services in 1960 exceeds the figure for the current year by $5,400. This increase is due to the additional compensable day in that year. Within-grade promotions, estimated at $15,775, will be absorbed by a reduction in full-time employment equivalent to 3.5 man-years. We believe that such a reduction can be made by the savings in manpower resulting from the replacement of defective control instruments in the air-conditioning system, the installation of new roofing on certain areas of the building, the modification of one elevator for passenger operation, and the further improvement of building operating methods.

EXPLANATION OF "OTHER OBLIGATIONS"

A detailed analysis of "Other obligations" (object classes 02 through 15) is presented on the two preceding pages. The obligations shown in this tabulation for each year indicated represent a full year's normal program ; i.e., obligations incurred in 1958 under the advance procurement program (Public Law 85-386) are included in the 1959 column.

Fiscal year 1.9.58.—The 1958 obligations for other objects were estimated at $325,300 in the 1959 budget. Of this amount $319,940 covered normal recurring costs of operation including $157,300 for utility services. In August of 1957 experiments were begun to determine the effect on temperature and humidity in the building when air-conditioning and ventilating equipment was not operated at night. Subsequent to this action experiments were also conducted to determine the maximum and minimum temperatures which could be permitted in the attic areas without materially affecting the control of temperature and humidity in occupied areas or without causing structural damage to the building. The results of these experiments indicated: (1) that, it was not necessary to run air-conditioning and ventilating equipment continuously at night (as had been the operating practice since the building was opened) in order to maintain the temperature and humidity within the range desired for the preservation of paintings; and (2) that except when outside weather temperatures were unusually high or low. the control of temperature in the attic areas was not a significant factor affecting the air conditioning of the exhibition rooms under those areas. As a consequence, regular shutdown periods were instituted during which no heating, air-conditioning, and ventilating equipment is operated unless temperature and humidity conditions exceed the limits of the established range.

The above action effected a direct saving of $33,390 from the past year's estimate in the 1959 budget for utility services; or when compared with the actual obligations for these services in 1957, the saving is $25,918. The indirect

saving in wear and tear on equipment worth hundreds of thousands of dollars has not been calculated.

Of the $33,390 saving in obligations for utility services, $9,544 was used for increased salary costs, and the remaining amount was applied to the following items:

Transparent envelopes for protecting 17,000 Index of American Design drawings $5, 870

Replacement of 2 trucks which had been used for over 17 years 5, 017

Two marble benches to replace wooden benches in the outer lobby of

the building 2, 096

Material to install permanent outside lighting for a portion of the building (a replacement of temporary lighting) 1, 276

Replacement and repair of valves and other control equipment in main

steamroom of building 2,132

Purchase of indicating instruments used in the control of temperature and humidity when automatic equipment is shut down 1, 977

Repair or replacement of sofas and typewriters in excess of the $5,360

originally budgeted for these items 5, 478

Total $23,846

The total obligation for other objects in 1958 was $315,756—a decrease of $9,544 from the estimate in the 1959 budget.

Fiscal year 1959. —The present estimate for "Other obligations" in the current year totals $334,400—a net decrease of $9,500 from the amount included in the 1959 budget. However, $9,200 of the present total estimate represents increased costs in retirement and insurance contributions due to general pay increases during the past year; and this amount has been included in the proposed supplemental appropriation of $129,000. Therefore, from the annual appropriation for 1959 a total of $18,700 has been taken from the original estimate for other objects and applied to unforeseen increases in personal services not due to the general pay increases.

Based on the experience of the past year and unforeseen factors affecting costs, adjustments from the amounts shown in the 1959 budget document have been made to reflect: (1) anticipated savings in utility services, (2) the increase in postage rates, (3) a $14,000 increase in the amount budgeted for roof repairs, (4) an increase in the contract for the restoration of works of art, and (5) increases in supplies and materials required in the normal operation of the Gallery-

Fiscal year 1960. —Included in the 1959 estimate for "Other obligations" is $1,800 for replacing an embossing machine used to make Addressograph plates. This is the only item in the 1959 estimates which does not recur in the 1960 estimates. The following replacement and repair programs in the current year's budget are planned for continuation at the same level in 1960:

Sofa reupholstering $3, 500

Repair of roof 20,000

Replacement of temperature recording instruments 5, 200

Replacement of typewriters 1, S60

The remaining amounts in the 1959 column of the tabulation on pages 17 and 18 represent the cost of recurring items required in the normal operation of the Gallery.

Total "Other obligations" for 1960 are estimated at $360,000. The increase over the current year's requirements (adjusted for the $1,800 nonrecurring item) is $27,400. This increase consists of the following items:

Object class and item : Amount

02 Travel expenses for new training program $4, 600

07 Fees and tuition for new training program 400

07 Modification of elevator to passenger operation 17, 000

09 Replacement of addressing machine 5, 400

Total increase 27, 400

Travel expenses for new training program

Section 7 of the Government Employees Training Act (Public Law 85-507, approved July 7, 1958) requires the head of each agency to "prepare, establish,

and place in effect" a program for the training of employees in order to increase economy and efficiency, and to raise the standard of employee performance.

For many years the officers of the Gallery have been cognizant of the benefits derived from professional employees who have studied in museums and art academies abroad. The major art collections in the National Gallery of Art comprise works by the great European masters from the 13th century to the 20th century. By far the largest number of important paintings by these artists are to be found in museums abroad. To speak and write authoritatively about the works of art in the Gallery's collections requires complete familiarity with other great works of the same periods and by the same artists. Such familiarity can only be acquired by study in the museums of Great Britain and Europe.

Annually, as a personal undertaking, one or more employees of the Gallery go abroad to attend seminars or engage in other scholarly pursuits related to their professional work. The importance of these endeavors to the substantive program of the Gallery has been acknowledged through the liberal granting of extended periods of leave and by grant from private funds available to the trustees. However, with the approval of Public Law 85-507, private funds for this purpose are no longer available.

The $4,600 increase in travel for training at non-Government facilities is based on the following tentative training plan :

Travel abroad for professional study at foreign art museums or academies—transportation and 30 days of per diem for 2 employees $2, 700

Attendance at professional art association meetings—transportation and per diem for three employees to attend two meetings 900

Attendance at management association meetings—transportation and

per diem for two employees to attend one meeting 300

Travel for training of engineers or electricians at manufacturers' schools—transportation and 14 days of per diem for 3 employees 700

Total 4, 600

Fees and tuition for new training program

Approximately 3 man-months of training at non-Government facilities is provided by the tentative plan outlined above. The fees and tuition for this training are estimated at $400.

Modification of elevator to passenger operation

One of the two elevators in the center portion of the building is manned by an operator 7 days each week during the hours of the day the Gallery is open. We believe that the general public is now sufficiently familiar with passenger-operated elevators so that little difficulty would be experienced in its use. Modification of the present elevator can be accomplished for $17,000. Within 3 years the savings in salaries of operators will cover this expense.

Replacement of addressing machine

The machine to be replaced has been in service for 15 years. Through normal wear the quality of the work produced by the present machine has become inferior to the standard required. To produce an acceptable job, the operator must often resort to hand feeding of the material to be printed. In addition to the normal addressing jobs for monthly announcements, invitations to special events, and press releases, the machine is used for printing stock catalogs covering more than 5,000 items, inventory lists, gummed labels for photographs sold to the public, and permanent installation records for all works of art in the custody of the gallery. This work in a normal year requires some 200,000 plate printings. More than 500 man-hours are used annually in operating the present machine. It is estimated that the same amount of work can be produced on a new machine with improved attachments in no more than 300 operating hours. The replacement cost for this machine is $5,400.

Mr. Kirwan. I want to congratulate you and your staff on your work, especially when you saved those 3 man-years under the main tenance program so you can have more employees engaged in serving the public and giving the service all Americans love. They love to get the best of service.

Mr. Waller. They do, sir.

Mr. Kirwan. I am glad you explained the electronic guide. Everything like that adds to the enjoyment of the people and they keep going back to the gallery on their many trips to Washington.

Mr. Walker. They do indeed, sir.

Mr. Kirwan. It is almost a must that they see the National Gallery of Art. The thing that makes the Smithsonian and your gallery two of the greatest institutions in this country is the service that you have in those places. You know how to meet the American people, how to serve them, and how to make their stay and visit very, very pleasant and informative. As chairman of the committee I am very, very happy that you are here with us this morning.

Mr. Walker. Thank you.

Mr. Kirwan. Mr. Denton ?

Mr. Denton. No questions.

Mr. Kirwan. I again repeat that we are happy to have you here before us this morning. Good luck to you for the coming year.

Thursday, February 5,1959. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE

WITNESSES

ERVEN L. PETERSON, ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE RICHARD E. McARDLE, CHIEF, FOREST SERVICE CLARE HENDEE, ASSISTANT CHIEF, FOREST SERVICE EDWARD P. CLIFF, ASSISTANT CHIEF, FOREST SERVICE W. S. SWINGLER, ASSISTANT CHIEF, FOREST SERVICE V. L. HARPER, ASSISTANT CHIEF, FOREST SERVICE

F. W. GROVER, ACTING ASSISTANT CHIEF, FOREST SERVICE

G. M. JEMISON, DEPUTY ASSISTANT CHIEF, FOREST SERVICE LINNE AHLBERG, BUDGET OFFICER, FOREST SERVICE CHARLES L. GRANT, DIRECTOR OF FINANCE AND BUDGET OFFICER,

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Mr. Kirwan. The committee will come to order.

We have with us this morning representatives of the Forest Service and Mr. Peterson, Assistant Secretary of Agriculture. Do you have a statement, Mr. Peterson ?

Mr. Peterson. I have a short general statement.

Mr. Kirwan. You may proceed.

General Statement

Mr. Peterson. We come before you to be of such helpfulness as we can as you consider the budget proposed for the Forest Service for fiscal year 1960.

The proposals before you are for a minimum budget. They do not provide all the funds which could be spent effectively. However, we believe firmly that containing the total of Federal expenditures within the total of Federal revenues is of such overriding importance to every citizen and to the maximum growth and development of our coimtry

)

Estimated additional cost of maintaining museum buildings open from 4-'30 p.m. to 10 p.m. during 5 months, April through August

Museum of History and Technology $202, 000

Museum of Natural History 91, 000

Arts and Industries 54, 000

Air and Space 16, 000

Total 363, 000

Mr. Kirwan. Again, it has always been a pleasure for the committee to have you come before us. We are sorry to see you leave the Smithsonian. There is a vast difference down there and in the country since you took hold of the Smithsonian many years ago. As a member of the Board of Regents, I am doubly sorry to see you go.

Dr. Carmichael. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. It has been a very great honor to appear before you and the members of this committee.

I am naturally extremely grateful for your very kind statement.

Mr. Kirwan. Thank you, Doctor.

Wednesday, January 29, 1964. NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART

WITNESSES

JOHN WALKER, DIRECTOR

ERNEST R. FEIDLER, ADMINISTRATOR

L. D. HAYES, ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR

E. JAMES ADAMS, ASSISTANT SECRETARY-TREASURER

Salaries and Expenses

Object classification [In thousands of dollars]