This book made available by the Internet Archive.

are to keep pace with the growing needs of a growing public, additional funding is essential. Among the high priority needs for a measure of additional funding in fiscal year 1970 are preparation of the Joseph H. Hirshhorn gift collection of art for display in the new museum under construction, the advice and technical assistance program benefiting the nation's museums, support for the continued successful operations of the Anacostia Neighborhood Museum and refurbishing the outdated and shabby air and space exhibits.

The Smithsonian is deferring a number of important exhibit and public service activities. We are not seeking major new funding for the expansion of training programs in museum technology or for our loan and exchange programs. Much remains to be done in the area of visitor orientation and information services, such as the creation of films, directories, and other updated materials. The program and exhibit development for the Renwick Gallery is being postponed in order to concentrate our request on the Joseph H. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.

Education —Public demands on the educational resources of the Smithsonian are mounting rapidly. The sum of $595,000 of the 1970 requested increase will be directed to our formal educational programs, and to our more general public education activities. Of this amount about $90,000 are to help cover necessary pay increases. In 1968, fifty-four persons completed their Ph. D.'s under Smithsonian supervision. These degrees were granted by the students' home institutions. They were people training in areas where Smithsonian resources and staff make a substantial qualitative contribution to the needs of the nation's colleges and universities. In the same year, 30,000 school children were escorted through our exhibit halls and provided with meaningful instruction related to their classroom activity. Both of these areas, formal research training programs and instructional support related to the lower levels of the educational system, are national in character and represent endeavors where additional dollar support has substantial pay-off to the public. These programs merit strengthened support in 1970.

As a part of this educational effort the Institution is stressing improvement in its dissemination of useful information from the collections and from our research to the general public and to the national and international scientific community. This effort takes many forms. Among them are the construction of automated analytical and locator systems which reach across the art, history, natural, and environmental science information buried in our collections. In addition, we are trying to improve our capability to publish the results of our complex curatorial and research activity. Cataloging and record keeping as well as the more difficult conservation and analytical techniques strengthen and improve the usefulness of the collections. Our library performs special educational, research, and informational support services. Its customers are the public, our staff, and scientists across the nation. A newly added responsibility of the Smithsonian Institution is the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars planned by the Congress to strengthen the relationship between the world of learning and the world of public affairs.

Research and Scholarship —The balance of this year's total requested increase amounts to $979,000. It will be directed toward supporting basic research in the physical, biological, and anthropological science areas. Of this amount $189,000 will be used to help fund necessary pay increases. The distribution of the requested increase reflects the need to strengthen selected areas in fiscal year 1970. Sixty-seven percent of the program funds will be directed to units performing research or research support in radiation, marine, and tropical biology. The activities of the units performing in these areas are under mounting pressure from the nation's scientific community to expand their efforts in providing baseline information and service concerning interacting factors that man must control in order to maintain a habitable environment. Some of the work that this encompasses is related to measuring changes in the amount of solar energy that is reaching earth, and the resulting effects on plant growth and food production. We are also concerned with improving man's capability to identify, locate, and mine the useful products of our seas and inlets. Our tropical research is directed toward assessing the implications of a changing equatorial environment. Vast environmental changes are occurring in the middle regions of our planet which can offer clues as to man's future ability to keep his environment a fit place to live. An enormous amount of scientific spadework is necessary. Improving our ability to construct environmental servo-mechanisms in plant, marine, and tropical sciences is an immediate need.

We are also concerned with man's interactions with man. A significant portion of the program request is being directed to selected activities in areas of con-temporary sociology and urgent anthropology, and in improving our ability to extract information from the collections which is related to man's social and economic well-being. This is a part of the Institution's general and continuing effort at making the knowledge contained in the collections more accessible and useful.

We are asking for some additional funding for our space sciences. This is by no means a low priority item. Rather, the small amount requested should be viewed as part of the need to consolidate items in a tight budget year. We fully intend to continue to strengthen our future activity in astrophysics and astronomy. Over the years our astrophysics! observatory has made major contributions to the nation's space program. The Observatory has active programs which affect manned lunar flight, deep space instrumentation probes, terrestrial mapping, and the analysis of extraterrestrial materials. The Orbiting Astronomical (ibservatory was launched on December 14, 1968, and is now successfully carrying out. its mission.

The Institution is deferring requests for expansion of its research activities in a number of its art. cultural, and history areas. In addition, we are seeking no increase in funding for our efforts at creating a larger interdisciplinary program, or team research approach to contemporary problems.

Construction —Our construction request for fiscal year 1970 consists of only the most essential improvements and additions to the physical plant of the Smithsonian.

The request for restoration and renovation of existing buildings of the Smithsonian amounts to $755,000. This will meet essential needs in some of our storage areas, research laboratories, and galleries. We are deferring work on many important items in the Arts and Industries building, the Museum of Natural History and the Freer Gallery of Art. Items which we have set aside for fiscal year 1970 in restoration and renovation amount to more than four million dollars.

Included in the request are amounts which will: help to complete the Renwick Gallery of Art ($200,000) ; continue with the relocation of the Radiation Biology Laboratory ($300,000) : improve the laboratory space of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute ($125,000) ; and expand our efforts at providing for collection handling facilities away from the Mall buildings ($130.000).

Construction funding requested for fiscal year 1970 for the Joseph II. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden is $6,200,000. Contract authorization contained in the 1969 Appropriation Act permits the Smithsonian to enter into construction contracts totaling $14,197,000. The sum of $2,000,000 was appropriated in that year for initial construction costs. The amount requested for 1970 will be used to continue to fund necessary construction and relocation costs.

We are asking for $600,000 for renovation, repairs, and the elimination of air pollution at the National Zoological Park. Approximately two million dollars of work related to the Zoo is being deferred, such as the construction of the public service building containing visitor orientation and restaurant facilities.

Special Foreign Currency Program —Provision has been made in the 1970 estimates of appropriations for an expanded Special Foreign Currency Program to service the increasing requests of American institutions to conduct biological. archeological, and anthropological research overseas. This program uses surplus foreign currencies and does not contribute to the balance of payments problem. Because of this, it is of growing importance as an alternative to using dollar resources for the conduct of highly valuable studies. We are requesting an appropriation of $4,500,000. an increase of $2,184,000, for this need.

REPORT ON THE NUMBER OF PERMANENT POSITIONS BY ORGANIZATION UNIT

U.S. National Museum __

Museum of History and Technology..

Museum of Natural History

National Air and Space Museum..

National Armed Forces Museum Advisory Board...

Anacostia Neighborhood Museum

Freer Gallery of Art

National Collection of Fine Arts

National Portrait Gallery.. _

Joseph H. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

Radiation Biology Laboratory

Office of Ecology

Office of Oceanography and Limnology

Center for the Study of Man..

Office of Academic Programs

International activities

Woodow Wilson International Center for Scholars..

Administrative and central support activities

Buildings Management Department

Grand total

1,946

2,000

2,119

119

REPORT OF OBLIGATIONS BY OBJECTS

Increase or

1968 1969 1970 decrease (-),

actual estimate estimate 1970 over 1969

Personnel compensation $15,654,000

Personnel benefits 1,161,000

Travel and transportation of persons 250, 000

Transportation of things 221,000

Rent, communications, and utilities.. 1,393,000

Printing and reproduction 495,000

Other services 2,468,000

Supplies and materials 985, 000

Equipment 1,439,000

Lands and structures 256,000

Insurance claims and indemnities 3,000

Total obligations. 24,325 000

Appropriation Adjustments:

Receipts and reimbursements from Federal funds... —15,000

Unobligated balance lapsing +30,000

Transferred to other accounts 0

Appropriation or estimate. 24,340,000

$17,096,000

1,279,000

282, 000

185,000

1,639,000

516,000

3, 050,000

864,000

1,532,000

0

0

$18,556,000

1,393,000

323,000

208, 000

2,011,000

559,000

3,343,000

953, 000

1,714,000

0

0

26,443,000 29,060,000

0

0

-105,000

0

0

-105,000

$1,460,000

114,000

41,000

23,000

372,000

43,000

293,000

89,000

182,000

0

0

2,617,000

0 0 0

126,338,000 28,955,000

2,617,000

' Includes anticipated supplemental of $695,000.

VISITORS TO SMITHSONIAN BUILDINGS ON THE MALL (By fiscal year]

1 Museum of History and Technology opened January 1964.

2 National Collection of Fine Arts opened May 1968.

3 July-August 1964, certain Smithsonian Institution buildings were open 4:30 to 10 p.m. for the 1st time. « Reflects the significant decrease in visitors to the Nation's Capital because of unsettled local conditions.

MULTIYEAR PROJECTIONS OF SELECTED OUTPUTS-BY PROGRAM CATEGORY

Estimated

Actual

Program category

1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973

1974

Research and scholarship:

A Senior independent visiting researchers (project investigators expressed in terms

of full-time equivalents) 120

B Junior visiting researchers supervised:

Cooperative Ph. D.'s: Completed at

Smithsonian -.--- 50

Others supervised: Postdoctoral investigators. - 40

Growth of National Collections (number of specimens

in the U.S. National Museum, in millions) 64. b

Public education and enlightenment:

A Number of visitors (Mall facilities exclusive of

National Gallery of Art, in millions) 11.5

B. Organized visitation programs:

Secondary school visits (in thousands).. 10.0 Primary school visits (in thousands) 30. 0

140

66.5

13.0

16.6 50.0

170

60

205

100

70.0

245

120 90

295

145 120

72.0 73.5

14.4 16.4

20.0 60.0

3.4 72.0

17.1

28.6 86.0

18.0

35.0 105.0

355

160 150

75.0

18.9

41.5

126.0

Exhibits Program, Museum of History and Technology, Fiscal Years 1968

Through 1969

A. Halls Installed and Opened to the Public as of June 30,1968:

1. Flag Hall

2. First Ladies Hall Everyday Life in

the American Past: 3.17th Century Furnishings 4.18th and 19th Century Furnishings

5. Historic Americans

6. American Costume

7. Light Machinery (Timekeeping.

Typewriters, Phonographs, and Locks)

8. Tools

9. Farm Machinery

10. Autos and Coaches (partial)

11. Railroads

12. Temporary Exhibits Gallery (first

floor)

13. Civil Engineering (Bridges and

Tunnels)

14. Watercraft

15. Philately and Postal History

16. Glass

17. Graphic Arts: Hand Process

18. Graphic Arts: Photomechanical

Processes

19. Graphic Arts Salon

20 and 21. History of the Armed Forces I (through Civil War)

22. Ordnance, and the gunboat Phila-

delphia

23. Special Exhibits (third floor)

24. Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacy

(Medical Sciences)

25. Physics

26. Ceramics

27. Electricity I

28. Heavy Machinery

29. Petroleum

30 and 31. Growth of the United States

(through 1851) 32. Numismatics

B. Additional Halls to be Installed and Opened to the Public by June 30, 1969 :

1. Textiles

2. Electricity II

3. Armed Forces, III

Renovation of Exhibits

In 1970 the Smithsonian will continue its program of revitalizing the exhibits in the Museum of Natural History.

A. Completed and Opened to the Public in 1968: 1. Cultures of Asia and Africa (third section)

B. Halls to be Completed and Opened to the Public by the End of 1969: During 1969, architectural drawings for the Hall of Living Things will be

completed and contracts will be awarded for certain architectural modifications.

C. Construction Partially Completed by the End of 1969: 1. Hall of Physical Geology

During 1970, contracts will be awarded to complete the Hall of Living Things and the production work will be substantially completed. Production work will also begin on the Hall of Ice Age Mammals.

Temporary and Special Exhibits

Fiscal Year 1969

Costume Prints

Slavery Exhibits, Part II

National Portrait Gallery Special Exhibit (Arts and Industries Building)

Berlandier in Texas

Art Forms in Biology

Commodore Perry Show

The Concerned Photographer

Temporary Craft Exhibit in Hall of Everyday Life in American Past

The Glorious Cause of Liberty

Hall of Surgical Instruments

Quest for Presidency

A Defeated Candidate

National Portrait Gallery Special Exhibit (Museum of History and Technology Building)

Stencil Ornaments of Louis Sullivan

Drawings by Edgar Dorsey Taylor

Malta Stamp Exhibit

Patent Controversies in History of Radio

Raphael Soyer's Prints

Women, Cameras and Images

Cunningham

Canada : A Year of the Land

Art of Kolomon and Oskar Kokoschka

Co-op Crafts Exhibits (USDA)

Bolivian Hemisfair Exhibition

Please Be Seated

1968 Industrial Review

Local Artist Exhibit

Negro History and Fred Douglas Exhibit

Dr. King Exhibit

Weather Exhibit

Communication Exhibit

Chesapeake Bay Project

The Japan Expedition

Rights of Existence

Carl Henning Petersen : Retrospective

Masada

Ward Collection: African Sculptures

Coke Push

American Folk Craft Survivals

Endangered Species

Ginning Cotton

Hail to the Chief

Human Rights

Jazz Show

Israeli Coins and Medals

Pioneering Heart Surgeon

Reading is Fundamental

Tibetan Carpet Show

Moppets and the Moon

View from Space

Cybernetic Serendipity

Jordanian Stamp Show

Toledo Glass Show

Daraniyagala Exhibition

American Crafts

Swiss Folk Art

Infinity

Abandoned Mine Scenes

School Prints

Puppet Theater Exhibit

Golden Spike

West German Stamps

Recent Accessions III

Iron and Steel

American Theater

The Work of Richard Neutra

Fiscal Year 1970

Ten Italian Architects The Art of John Held The Camera and the Human Facade People Figures

History of U.S. Weather Bureau French Silver John Wesley Powell Smithsonian Institution Scientific Illustrators Bio-Medical Telemetry

Qrcmts to the Smithsonian Institution. Fiscal Year t968

Actual amount granting <xi< >"•."

Department of Defense: 822 800

Ecology of Tropical Delta Forest y<

Miscellaneous " '

1 • > 11 o

Total, Department of Defense

National Aeronautics and Spar,- Administration : ^ _ _

Satellite Tracking Program ■ - ' l3u

Recovery of Meteorites '

Total, National Aeronautics and Space Administration 4, 647, -<»l

National Science Foundation: ,.,„,

ematic Study—Antarctic Biology

Undergraduate Research Program m

Miscellaneous Small Grants "

Total National Science Foundation

Department'of Health. Education, and Welfare :

Postdoctoral in Education -,.-

Pit Vipers of the World

Total. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare 45, EL7

Miscellaneous Grants

Total Grants, Fiscal Year 1968 '• : "' 7 ' " ' s

Contracts to the Smithsonian Institution, fiscal year 1968

National Aeronautics and Space Administration: *™'' _

His1 orical artifacts

j__ 10(

sis of lunar samples

Interdisciplinary communications.- >

Argon measurements on lunar material *w. ggg

Analysis of lunar samples—- '

Mineralogic investigation of lunar samples J*, jjjjjj

Radio meteor research 'J-|' ,.--

Celescope 2 08' 345

Miscellaneous "

Total, National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1, TOO. 078

DepartmentofDefen.se: r . fift0

Development of NCR-315 and 304 95, 602

Migratory birds in northeast Africa 'jji «jj '

Pacific birds program ,5 ' '

Mosquitoes in Southeast Asia __• -■

Disease in overseas areas t''> fin

Mammalian ectoparasites in ^^ enezuela j'*> - ,|

Miscellaneous ' '

Total, Department of Defense 1,207. <40

Atomic Energv Commission: „_

Properties of phvcobiliprotein -'• '•'

Radiation and plant metabolism _____

Total, Atomic Energy Commission -- *Ji jjlj

Department of Interior miscellaneous --_

National Science Foundation: .„._„ 10 - ,(..

Sorting and recording of collections from USARP }-o, id*

Science information exchange -> ° ;)U - _

Miscellaneous **' * oU

Total, National Science Foundation 2, 494 014

National Capital region: Summer in the Parks 100. WJU

Miscellaneous contracts zw > "' '

Total contracts, fiscal year 1968 - 5, 830, 709

Grants to the Smithsonian Institution, fiscal year 1969

Estimated National Aeronautics and Space Administration: amount

Satellite tracking program $4, 724, 000

Study of meteorites 70, 000

Miscellaneous 306, 400

Total, National Aeronautics and Space Administration 5, 100, 400

National Institutes of Health: Miscellaneous 335, 000

Department of Defense: Miscellaneous 60, 000

National Science Foundation: Miscellaneous 60, 000

Other miscellaneous 80, 000

Total grants, fiscal year 1969 5, 635, 400

Contracts to the Smithsonian Institution, fiscal year 1969

Estimated amount

Department of State: Olympic Games in Mexico $55, 000

Department of Defense:

Pacific Birds project 190, 080

Mosquitoes in Southeast Asia 197, 741

Disease in overseas areas 155, 068

Miscellaneous 633, 921

Total, Department of Defense 1, 176, 810

National Science Foundation:

Sorting of collections from TJSARP 90, 736

Science information exchange 2, 592, 462

Training program 91, 955

SAO star catalog 157, 430

Recording of collections from USARP 47, 000

Total, National Science Foundation '. 2, 979, 583

National Aeronautics and Space Administration:

Celescope 600, 000

Radio meteor research 763, 130

Interdisciplinary communications 179, 385

Miscellaneous 458, 060

Total, National Aeronautics and Space Administration 2, 000, 575

Other miscellaneous 379, 883

Total contracts, fiscal year 1969 6, 591, 851

PREPARED STATEMENT

Senator Bible. Your full statement, Mr. Ripley, will be placed in the written record.

(The statement follows) :

Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee :

I would like first to express the appreciation of the Smithsonian Institution for the Committee's strong interest in and support of the Institution's programs over the years. We are confident that by demonstrating the effectiveness of our research, exhibit, and related public service activities we will continue to merit your confidence and support in the future.

Recently I was reviewing the growth in the Institution's traditional and new program responsibilities over the past decade, including the substantial broadening of its diversified programs by legislative enactments of the Congress. This history testifies. I believe, to Congressional recognition of the public service accomplishments and, more significantly, perhaps, the capabilities and potential of the Institution. Singled out for special note during this period are the construction and opening of the Museum of History and Technology, now inspiring and educating five million visitors each year with the history of this country. The Museum of Natural History has proven itself to be a major international center for the study of the natural sciences; increasingly important as man attempts to solve problems of pollution, conservation, and food resources. Extension of the charter of the National Air and Space Museum to include aerospace history and technology enables this Museum to highlight the space achievements of the nation. Passage of the National Museum Act recognized traditional Smithsonian activities in strengthening the capability of museums across the country to meet a tremendous upsurge of public interest in their programs.

The Smithsonian is beginning to develop the Renwick Gallery of Art as a showcase of American crafts and design. During this same period the Smithsonian on behalf of the American public received the splendid Joseph H. Hirsh-horn gift collection of art and sculpture, to be displayed in a new museum soon to be under consti'uction. This is a challenging range of responsibilities.

As other measures of Institution growth and performance over this same period, the following should be mentioned:

—Space for basic research, the care of the National Collections, and for presentation of educational exhibits has more than doubled, from 1.4 million to 3.3 million square feet.

—The value of the Smithsonian's museum, gallery, and laboratory buildings has increased from about $70 million to over $168 million—the difference being primarily in additional public service facilities.

—Visitor use has paralleled this growth. During 1959, about seven million per-s >ns visited Smithsonian museums and galleries. It is anticipated that this educational use will increase to 14 million visits in 1970.

—The number of specimens and objects of art, science, and history has soared from 50 million to 60 million. Their value in terms of research use and public interest is beyond estimation. Many of these items, ranging from primitive artifacts from the nation's past to priceless works of art and sophisticated products of modern technology, were acquired for the benefit of all our people through the generosity of private individuals.

—Over the past ten years several thousand new exhibits and displays of wide public appeal have been created.

—In 1959, only a few thousand school children could be given curriculum-related guided museum tours. In 1969, the number should be close to 40.000.

—A few years ago. the higher education potential of the Smithsonian remained almost completely untapped. In 1969, fifty-four persons completed work at the Smithsonian leading to the award of the Ph. D. degree by their universities. This work, under Smithsonian professional staff supervision, strengthened our research in anthropology, biology, the history of science and technology, and the physical sciences.

These achievements were made possible by this Committee.

Since we last appeared, a number of notable events have occurred. These events, which dramatically show the diversity of our efforts, are fully deserving of national pride—a sense of pride and accomplishment that can be shared in by all of us.

23-758—69—pt. 1 49

In May and October of 1968 respectively, the National Collection of Fine Arts and the National Portrait Gallery opened to the public in the handsome and historic Fine Arts and Portrait Galleries building with stunning exhibit ions culminating many years of intensive planning and work. These galleries are now major resources for the study and presentation of American art and American history. I am confident that the fulfillment of this national commitment of long .-landing will lead to an increasing cumber of outstanding donations of art worth many times over the sums that will he required to protect and present them to the American people.

in October 1968, Public Law 90-637 established within the Smithsonian Institution the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. In this enactment, the Congress found that such a center would symbolize and strengthen rlie fruitful relation between the world of learning and the world of public affairs. The first meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Wilson Center was held on March 6, 1969.

on December 7. 19b>-. the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory opened a new exploration of the universe. Celescope, the television telescope system aboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's se< ond Orbiting Astronomical Observatory, was successfully launched. Its television camera systems, designed to observe stars in the far ultraviolet range of the spectrum and to transmit these observations to the earth, have operated perfectly. They seek information on the atmosphere of young, extremely hot stars and answer- to questions about the evolution of the universe. Financed by NASA, this project is an outstanding example of the confidence that individuals, foundations, and Government agencies have placed in the ability of the Institution to perform scientific research with inventiveness and effectiveness.

The Anacostia Neighborhood Museum, located in a low-income urban setting in Washington, D.C., is providing a unique educational experience for children and adults who rarely, if ever, use other cultural resources potentially available to them. A national magazine has described the Museum as "the most successful in this field" of "opening eyes in the ghetto."

I am pleased to report that under the authorization provided by this Committee in the 1969 Appropriation Act, the site has been cleared for the Joseph H. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden and a construction bid opening is expected about May 1, 19G9. Construction will take approximately two years and the public opening is planned for the Fall of 1971. I believe this Committee will be interested to know that since his original gift in June 1966 of some 6.000 objects of art. valued at between $25 million and $50 million. Mr. Hirshhorn has purchased over 1.000 additional paintings and sculptures at a cost of more than $4 million. We are advised that most of these additional pieces will become part of the new building provided by the Congress. This is further evidence, we believe, of the tangible return on the investment of public funds in the programs of the Institution.

I am pleased to report further that through the generosity of Mrs. Marjorie Merriweather Post, the 24-acre estate known as WilUoood has been given to the Smithsonian to serve as a museum of the fine arts. Subject to a life estate, this beautiful house and gardens together with Mrs. Post's magnificent collections of tine arts will some day he opened to the American public. A testamentary bequest will provide an endowment for all expenses of operation.

I report these gifts to the Committee to demonstrate that the Institution you are solidly supporting with appropriated funds has been appreciative and on it< part energetic in every appropriate way to encourage gifts of great collections for the enjoyment and study of the American people.

Turning now to the present and the future. Over the course of the next several years, the objectives of the Smithsonian will be to strengthen its visitor and general public education services, its formal educational efforts, and its basic research and scholarship programs. These activities will continue to contribute in many ways to the nation's goals in education and research. Its research programs will help to provide basic scientific and historical research information to Federal agencies, whose missions, in turn, are related to maintaining our social and economic strength. The Institution is among the leading organizations in the international scientific community in promoting better communications and understanding. Through its public exhibition and education programs, the Smithsonian will continue to present the cultural and technological heritage of the country and. by so doing, strengthen its democratic institutions.

Much, of this activity can be considered interdisciplinary. The Institution is recognized in the academic and museum community as a leader in many investigative areas. To mention our fields of special competence, these are American history, anthropology, art history, astronomy and astrophysics, botany, entomology, the history of cultures and technology, marine and tropical biology, mineral sciences, and zoology.

We view this future, however, with a mixture of confidence and concern. Confidence in the Smithsonian's abilities and potential to be a major educational and cultural force. Concern that financial and manpower austerity programs will undermine its basic resources and capabilities. Let me speak briefly to these resources and our concern.

Since 1846. the Institution has devoted itself to basic research, public education, and national service in science, the humanities, and the arts. Its museums, galleries, and scientific laboratories are internationally recognized in broad fields of scholarship and education. The Institution's natural preserves, laboratories, and library facilities for research are extensive and noteworthy. Its staff of scientists and historians encompass many disciplines, and its collections of 60 million specimens and objects in art, science, and history with associated reference data, constitute a national referral center for research across the spectrum of man's cultural and biological environment. Substantial progress is being made to apply the computer to the storage and retrieval of research data on these collections. Development of such information systems has already been proved to be invaluable to agencies. Federal laboratories and collaborators in many parts of the world. The Smithsonian's exhibits programs and performing arts presentations attract millions of visitors from all over our country as the members well know from their own correspondence, as well as many parts of the world.

There is one element, however, common to the successful pursuit of basic research, public education, and national service. That element is an adequate staff. It takes people to serve people. I am very strongly concerned about the serious effects of a steadily worsening personnel shortage on program areas where the Institution has long established responsibilities and commitments. At present, the Smithsonian Institution, as a result of the employment limitations in the Revenue and Expenditure Control Act of 1968, is 150 employees below the personnel strength allowed through the careful budget review and appropriation process.

One important aspect of our work must be stressed. The Smithsonian serves the public through direct personal service. We estimate that no less than one-third of our staff is in frequent, face-to-face communication with the public. The Smithsonian's ability to serve the public, however, is being eroded. Visiting: hours to our educational exhibits have been cut. Many of some 13 million visitors this year will be disappointed to find exhibits closed. Delays in responding to many thousands of public inquiries about such diverse subjects as family heirlooms or our collections are becoming more frequent. Visiting students and scholars anxious to see and use the reference collections for serious studies are not being served adequately. Demands for these services should not be cut off. Consequently services must be continued, but with a decreasing quality and quantity of performance. Preserving and documenting many art. history, and science objects in the National Collections are not being done. Deterioration of objects and the unavailability of research data will be the inevitable result. Yet the Smithsonian cannot refuse to accept those items which fill significant gaps in documenting man's environmental and cultural heritage. Such opportunities often come but once.

With lack of maintenance and refurbishing, exhibits are deteriorating as a result of hard visitor wear and tear. I spoke earlier of the public investment in tliese displays. Buildings maintenance to a physical plant valued at $170 million is falling off. Insufficient guard protection is leading to security problems, [nci-rb'nts of theft and vandalism, which rose from 183 cases in l!i<i7 to 340 in 1968, will increase as guards have to cover larger buildings areas.

The Smithsonian has taken a number of recent steps to make the best use of available manpower. The regularly scheduled night cleaning force has been changed to a day shift, beginning at 6:00 a.m. This change-over to day cleaning improves coordination and cooperation with daytime activities; increases production through closer supervision: and reduces tardiness and absenteeism because of the better transportation available fur the daytime hours of duty.

In June 196S, the Institution acted to focus available funds and personnel more effectively by reducing evening visiting hours. Again, in October 1968, i1

t™* thP unusual course for the Smithsonian, of reducing regular hours. Except for the Zurn of History and Technology, all public areas were closed every 'Cday'n o'rder to Redeploy guard and custodial personnel for more adequate coverage of over three million square feet of building space. „ 70

This situation provides the backdrop for the Smithsonian s fiscal year 10,0

^ThftaSS'reaiieated for 1070 represent a maximum amount of selectivity nnd pr S Zeat S-at.on on our part for a budget year which promises strong Q%£SZ££to competition for scarce resources Hard <^j££*%SS$i or onr.h ataee of our budget formulation. All but our most essenaai xunaiuis ^enufrements hive"beer"deferred. Although we are fully aware of the| con-tX tTons of these organizations to Smithsonian objectives no additional pro-g7am fimdl^being'requested for eight of our operating bureaus ud support activities in order to focus our requested increase in a way that will help t.wnr ?er he most serious program deficiencies and will pay the greatest dividends in national service My conclusion is that these requests are the minimum o keen the Institution on course-a course which we believe is in harmony with Se goars o'the Congress for the nation and support for which the American people recojnize as a"wise investment of their tax dollars.JTheseincreases do rmi- nrnvirie for making a maior program advance in any area. They will, now evt" ™t f ?ome a d"4u,Stion Fn S efforts at ^^J^fTonlf^^n educational services in maintaining the quality and direction of our researcn and curatorial Icdvity. and in strengthening essential Ig^£** ™ libraries, automatic data processing, and ^ ea ^.^ b ^ a *^J^Sble Ob verv significant extent, these increases are aimed at doing the best= gJJ^JJ of meeting our existing obligations. There are few new starts plana* l rn< most notable one being the Woodrow Wilson Center. "&""*""»£ gjjgg for the Study of Man, we are attempting to r ^ enn ^ nd T¥ r f!S. pha >I!5e tradltlonai Smithsonian' responsibilities for more ^ effective P^™^ m0 , I am very Looking now at the highlights ^' ^JgJ/and pressures placed on the mindful of the strong fl^^^^Xattons^ examining our total

^:^v::;^t^^^^^ °—**• -» — ider *»-

^ifieant aspects OIJ ^increase. ^^^^ restorati0 n and renovation

and Sculpture Garden $4,200,000. eurrencv program of anthropo-

toTttSeShe:S. to tho Institution for recreational, Information, end

ass t^ffl s& sag-*, ^s^srssisa? nonr

of $647,000 IS directed l ai «w T„ Htitll tion's 529 Wage employees. Periodic step ployee pay increases for the Institut ™ * •-• qualified, productive employees.

of these essential^employees. protection and maintenance of additional

The provision of minimal levels Of proterr iotw no inf . r( , MS , wi n

pnblic building spaces requiresan increas e^J^^™^ Arts and Portrait

!lliill^pgii=

Jorreel only the most urgent buildings management problems.

Increases for those program efforts for which strong commitments have heen made and continued funding must be found amount to $1,135,000. These programs would include the requests for preparing the Joseph H. Hirshhorn collection for display in the new Museum and for program planning and development of the Woodrow Wilson Center; the necessary costs attached to relocating the Radiation Biology Laboratory in adequate quarters; continuation of the Anacostia Neighborhood Museum in an economically and culturally underprivileged area; advice and technical assistance programs under the National Museum Act benefiting the nation's museums; continued preparations for the commemoration of the Bicentennial of the American Revolution; repair and maintenance of exhibits subject to intensive visitor use; school tour and higher educational activities; development of automated collection information systems to unlock research data buried in these collections; the strengthening of our Library system and publications effort; conservation of valuable objects of art and history; and the preparation of timely museum presentations for the visiting public.

The balance of the increase, or $495,000, is largely for carefully reviewed areas of research where potential pay-offs in terms of national needs appear to be greatest. These are in environmental, marine, and tropical biology, space science, the development of ethnic cultural history and urgent anthropological investigations (including those of rapidly disappearing subcultures, such as that of the American Indian), information dissemination and exchange, and related research support activities. The units performing in these areas are under mounting pressure from the nation's scientific community to expand their efforts in providing baseline information and service concerning interacting factors that man must control in order to maintain a habitable social and economic environment.

The Smithsonian is deferring a number of important exhibit and public service activities. We are not seeking major new funding for the expansion of training programs in museum technology or for our loan and exchange programs. Much will remain undone to improve visitor orientation and information services, such as the creation of films, directories, and updated exhibit labels. The program and exhibit development for the Renwick Gallery is being slowed in order to concentrate our request on the Joseph H. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. We are also holding down expansion of our research and curatorial activities in a number of art and history areas.

The Smithsonian's construction requests for fiscal year 1970 consist of only continuing work approved and partially funded in previous appropriations and the most important corrections of deficiencies to the physical plant of the Smithsonian.

The request for restoration and renovation of existing buildings of the Smithsonian amounts to $755,000. Included in the request are amounts which will continue the important and nearly completed restoration of the Renwick Gallery of Art; permit the relocation of the Radiation Biology Laboratory from the cramped dungeon-like space it occupies in the basement of the Smithsonian Institution building; repair and improve storage and laboratory space of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in the inhospitable climate of the Canal Zone; and explore collection handling facilities away from expensive space in the Mall buildings. We are deferring important work on the 90-year old Arts and Industries building, the Museum of Natural History, and the Freer Gallery of Art designed to make these buildings more useful. Items which we have set aside for fiscal year 1970 in restoration and renovation amount to more than four million dollars.

We are asking for $600,000 for the elimination of air pollution at the National Zoological Park and for the most urgent safety repairs to buildings and grounds

where repeated deferral of major new construction is now resulting in serious mSeSSSlSSS in existing facilities. Approximately two million dollars work n connection with the Zoos approved 10-year construction program SitTated in i£§ is being deferred, such as the construction of the public service huildine containing badly needed visitor orientation and restaurant facilities.

• Tr c f.unling n-<,uested for .be Joseph H. Ilirshh,,rn Musemn and

ScufotureGarden is $6,200,000. Contract authorization contained in the W& \, } priation Act limits the Smithsonian to enter into construction contracts J , , i,g SU.lft7.ono! The sum of $2,000,000 was appropriated^ 'SftEK wS f,,,- initial construction costs. Of the amount requested for lft70, J6,(H»,0W \wii ■\ !,,! tinue to meet contractor's earnings under the contract authorb£-

,„ tip amount of $200,000 is to relocate the Armed Forces Institute of Path-SogV to neTq^LterslSm its new building is completed at the Walter Reed

A The'sl^eial 1 ^oreSn Currency Program requested increase for 1970 has been reduced to $2184,000, a very substantial reduction from our requested increases f he past two years. This amount represents hard needs of American universes and n^ which have demonstrated the potential existing in the>exeess tore?™ currency countries for productive and beneficial research in biology an-heolo,v, anthropology, and other areas of Smithsonian competence^ Ongomg research now totals more than 80 projects benefiting more than 200 United State, institutions in over 25 States. May 1 say that this seems a very inexpensive waj cf f .1 ng research in the light of the heavy cut-backs in research a id to .basic Research projects in this country by Federal agencies and fou^tio^ In addition this support assumes a larger importance as sources of dollar funding of overseas research are constrained by the balance of payments problem

In summary, for over one hundred years the Institution has applied its resources of professional staff, collections, and exhibitions to give the American people greater knowledge and appreciation of their common environmental, cultural and technological heritage. With the continued support of the Congress, we will make every effort to strengthen and improve our contributions to national service in the future.

This support is deeply appreciated.

L969 APPROPRIATION AND 1070 BUDGET REQUEST SALARIES AND EXPENSES

Senator Bible. There will be printed in the record the justification statement submitted in support of the fiscal year 1970• budget estimate of $28,955,000 for Salaries and Expenses. This is $3,207,000 more than has been appropriated thus far in fiscal year 1969.

(The justification follows:)

Summary statement

Appropriation act. fiscal year 1969 ^4-flffl5 000

Anticipated supplemental _______-—-- in-V nno

Appropriation transfer to General Services Administration —mo, u ""

Total available, fiscal year 1969 »vS^nnA

Budget estimate, fiscal year 1970 o !«? nm

Increase, fiscal year 1970 2,01., om>

SUMMARY OF INCREASES, 1970

Program

Necessary

pay

increase

Total

U.S. National Museum—to strengthen assistance to the Nation's museums, conserve rapidly deteriorating objects in the collections, modernize air and space exhibits, and meet mail and shipping workloads.. $165,000 $35,000 $200,000 Museum of History and Technology—to develop research and exhibit

programs emphasizing the history and achievements of the Nation's

ethnic minorities and augment preparations for the American Revolution bicentennial commemoration

Museum of Natural History—to exploit the vast information resources of

the national anthropological, biological, and geological collections by

the application of computer systems.

National Air and Space Museum—for the preservation and public display

of historic space vehicles and other objects acquired from the National

Aeronautics and Space Administration

National Armed Forces Museum Advisory Board—for continued planning

for a National Armed Forces Museum and Study Center

Anacostia Neighborhood Museum—for continued successful operations

of a community museum located in a low-income urban area

Freer Gallery of Art—to continue research, exhibit, and public service

activities related to Near and Far East collections..

National Collection of Fine Arts—to maintain a program of exhibitions,

study collections, and research in American art in the Fine Arts and

Portrait Gallery Building and sponsor traveling exhibits

National Portrait Gallery—for continued development of the gallery as

a museum and study center of persons having made significant

contributions to U.S. history

Joseph H. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden—to prepare the gift

collections of art and sculpture for the scheduled opening of a major

art gallery now under construction

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory—for selective support to research

programs in theoretical astrophysics, optical observations, and radio

astronomy

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute—to develop the potential of the

Institute as a research center in tropical biology for the investigation of

problems in resource conservation and utilization

Radiation Biology Laboratory—to permit the Laboratory to occupy

adequate space to continue its controlled-environment biology program. Smithsonian Office of Ecology—for protection of the property and maintenance of the research facilities of the Chesapeake Bay Center for

Field Biology for baseline environmental studies

Office of Oceanography and Limnology—for the sorting, documenting,

and distributing of backlogged specimens important to the study of

marine resources

Center for the Study of Man—to conduct research and documentation

projects in urgent anthropology including the handbook of North

American Indians and the study of changing and disappearing cultures. Center for Shcrt-Lived Phenomena—for the maintenance of a worldwide

report system to provide the scientific community with information on

rare biological, geophysical, and astrophysical events

Smithsonian Research Awards Program—to continue financing meritorious research opportunities at a level commensurate with previous

National Science Foundation Support

Office of Academic Programs—to serve the academic community by providing additional opportunities for graduate study and research and

by continuing a program of curriculum-related escorted tours to

elementary schools

International Activities—to administer a double workload with regard

to foreign currency grants and to investigate streamlined methods for

the international exchange of publications... _

Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars—for support for the

Board of Trustees and for necessary studies and planning activities

associated with site selection and acquisition and development of the

international studies program

Administrative and Central Support Activities—for selective additional

administrative and centralized services with emphasis on library,

publishing, computer, and performing arts needs

Buildings Management Department—for workload needs largely associated with additional building spaces in the Fine Arts and Portrait

Galleries, Renwick Gallery of Art, and the Arts and Industries building

and for rising communication, utilities, and detection system costs 340,000 316,000 656,000

Total increase, 1970 1,970,000

647,000 2,617,000

oooooooo

ooooooo

ooooooo

O o-TO IflOOO

OOOOOOOO

ooooo o ooo o

oooooooo

oooooooo oooooooo

co oo" *r en ooooo

OOtOU-JtOCOCNJ'—<o

(^ococoiri^oo

oooooooo o o o cu<o o

o o ooo o

jinooooo

oooo o ooo

Ln ooo

oo oo

OOOO

oooo oooo

oo*-ToVC

Ln c\j^o->

CO

oooo

on-^ r-

oooo

OOOOOOO©

ooooooo

O O OO O O O

LT> CO iT5 CO 0*> O Lf) CSJ tO OO CM CO

OOOCSIMCfO

oooooooo

CD CD OO O CO O

OOOOOOO

tf^o'irro-Tcrf.—Tr^T

OlOM^cNJ CO

oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo

rco o—«

> csj r^ r*. *-« o

ooooooc

COr^tD^Tto CO*—*

OOCSjOOcDLflr^.r^O

oooooooo

ooooo oo ooooo oo

OOCNJ .-«

) — --lTOOOOO

^_ £ o_o"o

n2 M n °n

£ o s_ g Sg.

=11 I

o _- —"

> •_ Q. : ^.o —

o-= "^:

in'leSSE l ~

)EO)OUOW

™o o ™ —— o

Smithsonian Institution Salaries and Expenses, Fiscal Year 1970 — Justifications

(1) PAY INCREASES

Xccd for Increase. —An increase of $647,000 is required to finance existing positions. This total is made up of funds for personnel compensation ($002,000) and personnel benefits ($45,000). In fiscal year 1070, the Smithsonian Institution will be faced with increased pay costs in the amount of $700,000. Of this total, the Institution will absorb $113,000 through the application of the maximum lapse savings from tight position control, the filling of positions at lower grades wherever possible, and other overall economies of operation. As a result of the Revenue and Expenditure Control Act of 1908, the Secretary of the Smithsonian has personally been approving the use of positions vacated since July 1, 1968.

The requested increase is made up of the following cost components :

(a) Annualization of the pay raise granted to current General Schedule employees on July 14, 196S, will add $31,000 to Smithsonian costs in fiscal year 1070.

(b) Annualization of the Wage Grade increases effective in October 1068 will amount to $197,000. These increases. Government wide in the Washington Metropolitan Area, were aimed at correcting pay inequities by bringing the employees of a large number of agencies into a single wage structure. For the Smithsonian, the increases were particularly large in the levels 1 through 4 and 10 through 13, which represent 71 percent of the Institution'- 529 Wage employees.

(c) Periodic step-increases in accordance with the Government Employees Salary Reform Act of 1964 and step-increases granted to Wage Grade employees in accord with prevailing Governmentwide practices will cost an additional $239,000. This includes the portion of the fiscal year 1970 step-increases to be paid in that year and the carryover cost from fiscal year 1969. The apparent cost was determined through a position-by-position study and has been reduced to real cost by projected offsets resulting from employees being separated or promoted before receiving step-increases and from filling some positions at a lower grade step than the former incumbents held.

During fiscal year 1968, 901 employees received within-grade promotions or step-increases at an actual cost of $149,502. The cost of these within-grade promotions on an annual basis would be $290,000.

During fiscal year 1969, it is estimated an additional $16. r >.000 will be paid employees for within-grade promotions and step-rate increases. This figure will annualize at an estimated $32.">.000 in 1970. During fiscal year 1970 another $175,000 will be paid for within-grade promotions. The cumulative burden of these costs, $790,000, is offset by $252.0(io representing savings from separations and base of grade Wrings and $299,000 allowed in our 1969 appropriation to meet these costs, (d) Reclassification of positions will cost an additional $180,000. Included in this is the reclassification of the majority of the positions in the Smithsonian Institution's Protection Division. The Civil Service Commission recentlv issued new standards for guards. These revised standards as applied to reconstituted \^<\-tion descriptions and guard assignments resulted in a general upsrading of the majority of nonsupervisory positions. The resultant structure provides for entrance level recruitment at the GS-3 level with promotion to GS-1 after sufficient training and awarding of special police commissions. Besides recognizing the full scope of the Smithsonian guard duties, such a structure provides a more effective career pattern to enhance the recruitment and retention of <ruards. Tin's upgrading eventually will affect 157 GS-3 guards and 96 <!S 1 and GS-5. These promotions will be phased over a several month period.

The Smithsonian's professional staff is recruited at the GS-9 through GS 12 level depending upon their educational background. Then, based on their research, publications, and exhibit preparation contributions, thev are provided with career opportunities up to GS-15.

The $1S0.000 cost of these reclassification activities in fiscal year 1970 is based on part-year costs for 1970 and full-year costs from 1969. The costs have been offset hv such factors as positions being filled at a lower level and imnroved productivity. During 1968. over 300 emplovees were promoted This numbe*- will be increased substantially in 1969 because of the guard promotions

A thorough examination of all operations of the Smithsonian has been made to determine and apply the maximum degree of absorption possible in all areas of increased pay. Absorption of an additional amount in fiscal year 1970 is impracticable in the face of present workloads and nondeferrable expenses. Over the past several years, the Smithsonian has absorbed significant portions of the several General Schedule and Wage pay increases. During the past 14 months, approximately $250,000 in increased pay costs resulting from the October 1967 raises have been met within the regular appropriations of the Institution. In fiscal year 1969, 75 percent of the total "Salaries and Expenses" appropriation is devoted to the largely nondiscretionary costs of payroll, benefits, rent, communications, and utilities. Additional funds for pay purposes in fiscal year 1970 could be found only by forced cuts in employment or by diverting a large portion of the remaining operating funds appropriated to the Smithsonian to rectify material and equipment shortages in its museums, galleries, and laboratories. These funds are becoming increasingly thinly spread as new exhibit halls are prepared and opened and as older exhibits require maintenance; as additional building areas require care and cleaning; and as the expanding National Collections demand preservation and proper storage. For instance, exhibit installations costing in excess of S10 million must receive adequate care. Millions of visitors must be served. An additional million objects each year for the National Collections must be recorded and given conservation treatment. Emergency actions in order to achieve further absorption would deepen present deficiencies in these areas and adversely affect the Institution's capability to meet its traditional and new responsibilities in scholarship, the care and use of the collections, and in public education.

PAY INCREASES, FISCAL YEAR 1970

Organizational unit

U.S. National Museum:

Office of the Director General of Museums

Office of Exhibits

Conservation Analytical Laboratory

Office of the Registrar

Museum of History and Technology

Museum of Natural History

National Air and Space Museum

National Armed Forces Museum Advisory Board...

Anacostia Neighborhood Museum

Freer Gallery of Art

National Collection of Fine Arts

National Portrait Gallery

Joseph H. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

Radiation Biology Laboratory.

Smithsonian Office of Ecology

Office of Oceanography and Limnology

Center for the Study of Man

Center for Short-Lived Phenomena...

Smithsonian Research Awards

Office of Academic Programs

Office of International Activities

International Exchange Service _

Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars..

Office of the Secretary

Management Support

Office of the Treasurer

Division of Performing Arts

Office of Personnel and Management Resources

Office of Public Affairs

Supply Division. _

Information Systems Division

Smithsonian Institution Libraries.

Photographic Services Division

Smithsonian Institution Press...

Buildings Management Department

Total 31,000

197,000 239,000 180,000

647,000

f2> UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

___ _ — $2,600,000

1968 appropriation -___ 2,824,000

1969 appropriation " " 3,024,000

1970 estimate "

„. TTn , tprt states National Museum advances knowledge through research in

In^historTand conveys through publications, exhibits, and education

science and history m*™?™*^"^^^ and the nation's cultural and

programs, knowledge y o f M ^ u ^SU™ extensive collections actively em-

program increases totaling $165,000 as summarized below. ^^

1968 1969 I 970

Positions Amount Positions Amount Positions Amount

c T17? nntl 5 $200,000 7 $280,000

Office of Director General of Museums 5 *i'|-""" 167 2 218 000 171 2,263,000

Office of Exhibits..... ------ 16 S 2 ' ioo" 000 10 ' 128 000 12 153,000

Conservation Analytical Laboratory 9 1""-""" % 278 ' 000 2 9 293,000

Office of the Registrar ib ""' " u " L_ —

• ... ?nfi 2 600 000 210 2,824,000 219 '2,989,000 Total, U.S. National Museum ^° ^,buu,uuu '

. in addition, these units are requesting an increase of $35,000 for necessary pay increases.

U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM-OFFICE OF DIRECTOR GE NERAL OF MUSEUMS

Increase 1970

1969 base requested estimate

Object class

" 5 2 7

Number of permanent positions - ■■ -

$60,000 $40,000 5100,000

Personnel compensation - - 4 000 4,000 8.000

Personnel benefits 2000 3 000 5,000

Travel and transportation of persons... - ' Q lj0rj rj 1,000

Transportation of things .--- q '0 0

Rent, communications, and utilities -- 0 0 0

Printing and reproduction 94 000 6,000 100,000

Other services - - 2 '000 1,000 3,000

Supplies and materials — 38'000 27,000 65,000

Equipment.. - " " '__

T , 200 000 82,000 282,000

Total..

Analysis of total: , 000 2 000 3,000

Pay increases - 199' 000 80 000 279,000

Program - - ' ^

Specification of increase (program)

Assistance to Museums (2 positions $80,000)

Smithsonian resources are not keeping pace with requests ^inin^ums, community groups, and colleges for assistance^ in developing and ^Organi^ng museums, planning educational exhibits, solving conservation P r0Dlem ^ *!£ training museum personnel. Total requests approach 5,000 a year from almost everv State The Federal Council on the Arts and the Humanities has urged that the National Museum Act receive adequate funding. Request is f<ir a » useum specialist to prepare and coordinate responses to inquiries and an exhibits re selrcher to develop experimental exhibits ($42,000) ;.and funds for travel ($3,000), transportation of loaned objects (§1,000) ; and services (jg.OOO). sup-plies ($1,000), and equipment (?27.000) in support of museum a ^^ sta ^., a t; ctlV1 -ties including testing devices and the development of experimental exhibits.

Office of Director General of Museums

The Office of the Director General of Museums provides program planning and review of the Smithsonian Institution's museum and exhibition activities with special emphasis on developing educational exhibits, surveying the impact of the Smithsonian on the visiting public, and providing assistance to other museums. Its purpose is to work cooperatively with museum professionals in the United States and abroad to increase the effectiveness of museums in the performance of their scholarly and public functions.

An increase of $S0,000 is requested to strengthen the Smithsonian's capability to respond to requests for assistance from museums across the country under the National Museum Act. An additional increase of $2,000 is sought for necessary pay increases.

Need for Increase. —Throughout its history the Smithsonian by the exchange of specimens, identification of referred specimens and objects, and with advisory assistance on matters of museum organization and development has built up a tradition of service to museums and their associations. This traditional role was reaffirmed by the Congress with the passage of the National Museum Act in 1966. This Act charges the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and the Director of the United States National Museum to provide assistance to museums of the United States and abroad. Advice, information, research of museum aud exhibit techniques and problems, publication of museum manuals, and the training of museum personnel are services directed by the Act to be performed by the Smithsonian.

The publicity given this Act and the wide notice that has been taken of the Smithsonian's Neighborhood Museum, its Folklife Festival, its leadership in studies of computerizing, cataloging, and collection management, and new experimental exhibitions and presentations have increased the requests for assistance in developing and reorganizing museums in practically every State and in many countries abroad by more than 300 percent. The Smithsonian now responds to requests concerning museum projects and the training of museum personnel at the rate of more than 1,500 a year. If to this are added inquiries on preparing and conducting special exhibition programs or for the loan of exhibits, the total approaches 5,000 a year.

By far the greatest rate of increase has been in requests from established museums, including some of the largest in the United States. Many inquiries are from small museums which frequently are the only cultural activities in their communities. Others are from public-spirited individuals seeking to help start museums in their towns or inner-city neighborhoods. Many wish to enrich the education of their children or to give their senior citizens opportunities for intellectual, cultural, and social development. Community colleges have sought advice on loan exhibits and on the content of museum technical courses. Universities ask about the reorganization of their museums and on the experience of research museums in bringing students and scholars together with the reference materials required for their studies.

Museums also are increasingly concerned with the effectiveness of their communication with the public through exhibits. Much study is required to understand what causes the visitor to become involved with exhibits and how exhibits can be made more effective in exciting an interest and a desire to learn. A start has been made with a visitors' survey now being conducted and with a small group of experimental teaching exhibits for use by local schools. More experiments are required including tests of visitors' wants and reactions : application of the principles of programmed learning and teaching machines; and the employment of electronic programming and computer graphics.

Many Smithsonian units and individual staff members have responded to meet these requests and the Office of the Director General of Museums has coordinated help from all quarters to provide the assistance sought. Smithsonian bureau directors, curators, exhibits designers, conservators, and education specialists have responded to requests from practically every State and from more than a score of foreign countries. They have traveled to Georgia, California. New York. Michigan, Washington, West Virginia, Vermont, Texas, Kentucky, New Jersey, Virginia, Ohio, and many other States to advise museum directors. Their advice has been sought by international organizations such as UNESCO and the International Council of .Museums and by governments or government institutions of

smh countries as Canada, the Republic of Korea, Thailand, the Philippines, Okinawa, several African nations, Israel, Tunisia, and Ceylon.

1 Existing resources are not adequate, however, to keep pace with the present and growing requirements for museum assistance and development. The Federal Council on the Arts and the Humanities in transmitting its report on "The Condition and Needs of America's Museums" to the President on November 25, 1908, urged that the National Museum Act receive substantial funding. As a minimum strengthening, a museum specialist is required to devote full time to the preparation and coordination of prompt and comprehensive responses to museum requests. An experimental exhibit researcher is required to develop experiments and tests of variations in exhibits. Funds are requested aLso for travel, transportation, other services, supplies, and equipment in support of museum assistance activities including test equipment and the construction of exhibits. This is a program increase of $80,000.

U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM-OFFICE OF EXHIBITS

1969 base

Increase requested

1970 estimate

$51,000

4,000

1,000

0

0

0

8,000

3,000

3,000

70, 000

25, 000 45, 000

171

OBJECT CLASS

Number of permanent positions __ 167

11 Personnel compensation $1, 542,000

12 Personnel benefits 116,000

21 Travel and transportation of persons 7,000

22 Transportation of things 0

23 Rent, communications, and utilities 0

24 Printing and reproduction 64,000

25 Other services 244,000

26 Supplies and materials _ 88,000

31 Equipment 157,000

Total.. 2,218,000

ANALYSIS OF TOTAL

Pay increases... 67, 000

Program 2,151,000

$1,593,000

120, 000

8,000

0

0

64, 000

252,000

91,000

160,000

2,288,000

92, 000 2,196,000

Specification of increase (program)

Refurbishing Air and Space Exhibits (4 positions $Jf5,000)

The Smithsonian's air and space exhibits have not received a major refurbishing since 1958. They are outdated and shabby and a source of disappointment to many of a million visitors interested in air and space exploration. Since a number of years will pass before the authorized National Air and Space Museum building can be opened, existing displays must be revitalized. This is a request for four exhibits technicians ($30,000), travel for overall Office activities ($1,000), and for services ($8,000), supplies ($3,000), and equipment ($3,000) for air and space exhibits modernization.

O.flier of Exhibits

The Office of Exhibits, in collaboration with museum scientists and historians, designs, prepares, and installs permanent exhibition halls in Smithsonian museums; produces special and traveling exhibits on important and timely subjects in art, history, and science. Since its establishment in 1955, the office has prepared more than 3.500 permanent exhibit units and hundreds of temporary presentations. The Office develops new and innovative exhibits techniques including freeze-dry taxidermy, skeletal maceration, audiovisual materials, visitor-participation devices, and has recently developed a capability for exhibits-oriented movies. The training Of museum technicians from all points of the world has become an accepted responsibility to the other museums of the country.

An increase of $45,000 is requested to revitalize the outdated and shabby air and space exhibits of the Smithsonian Institution. An additional $25,000 are requested for necessary pay increases.

Xced far Increase. —At least five years will elapse before the authorized National Air and Space Museum can be funded, constructed, and opened to the public. For this period, the Office of Exhibits must improve presently allocated spaces in the Arts and Industries building and in the temporary (World War I) Air and Space building on Independence Avenue, to provide exhibits in America's air and space accomplishments to over one million annual visitors.

Except for a few temporary installations (representing space-oriented accomplishments of recent years), no major revisions in the displays in these buildings have been made since 1958. Exhibit areas have become an accumulation of hardware with little rational relationship. After ten years, many of the exhibits have become outdated. Virtually all are shopworn from heavy visitor traffic. Outstanding recently acquired objects are not on public display. The strong public interest in air and space exploration creates a desire to see objects associated with it. The present state of tbe exhibits disappoints many visitors.

A proposal has been developed for a complete refurbishing of all current air and space displays. During 1969 a review will be made of the best use of exhibit spaces now available. Exhibits areas will be developed on a thematic basis. Specific air and spacecraft, engines, and other objects in the Museum's extensive collections will be selected only if they fit into the thematic plan and if they have maximum visitor interest and education potential. Other items will be stored or, preferably, loaned to other museums until larger quarters become available in Washington. At least three years will be required to complete the job. Phase I is programmed to clean out and re-do the Air and Space building (making only minimal changes in the Arts and Industries building during fiscal 1970), followed by reworking of all exhibits in the Arts and Industries building, beginning with 1971 funds.

Not only is this program essential to meet present Smithsonian exhibit responsibilities, it is a necessary pilot operation for the development of dramatic displays for the future building. New ideas will be tested and developed during this program. Much of the display material will be designed for eventual transfer to the new building.

This is a request for four exhibits specialists and funds for travel, services, supplies, and equipment in support of the refurbishing effort; a program increase of $45,000.

During fiscal year 1968, the Office of Exhibits completed 73 new units in eight permanent exhibit halls and produced over 40 special exhibitions, ranging from single-case presentations of specialized material to entire galleries. Among the special exhibitions that had international impact were "Peruvian Silver," "Colonial Art from Ecuador." "The Art of Organic Forms," and "Photography and the City : The Evolution of an Art and a Science." The year's most significant and gratifying challenge was perhaps the development of the Anacostia Neighborhood Museum in Southeast Washington. In the many special operations within the Office, including the horticultural section, the conservation laboratories, the freeze-dry laboratory, the plastics shops, the model shops, and the silk-screen facilities, scores of persons were trained in techniques that could be adapted to their local needs. Many of these students were museum professionals from the United States. Among the foreign countries from which trainees came were Australia, Ceylon, Denmark, Ghana, Nepal, and Nigeria. The Office also worked extensively with disadvantaged young adults to help orient them to job opportunities and is continuing this program on an even broader scale. Among the nonSmithsonian museums assisted by the office of Exhibits lasl year was the Children's Museum and Planetarium of Charlestown, W. Va., where a workshop seminar was conducted. Assistance was also given to the orientation courses conducted by the Department of State for overseas exhibits coordinators, and to the design and installation of a foreign crafts fair at the Department of Commerce. The Exhibits Office prepared or assisted with such items for the visit-

ing public as five exhibition brochures, a guide map to the Museum of Natural History, and a comprehensive Smithsonianwide exhibits directory.

U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM—CONSERVATION ANALYTICAL LABORATORY

Increase 1970

1969 base requested estimate

OBJECT CLASS Number of permanent positions - 10 2 12

11 Personnel compensation $99,000 $19,000 $118,000

12 Personnel benefits.... 7,000 1,000 8.000

21 Travel and transportation of persons 3,000 1,000 4.000

22 Transportation of things 0 0

23 Rent, communications, and utilities 0 0

24 Printing and reproduction 0 0 0

25 Other services. 2,000 0 2,000

26 Supplies and materials... 7,000 3.000 10.000

31 Equipment 10,000 4.000 14.000

Total 128,000 28,000 156,000

ANALYSIS OF TOTAL

Pay increases 4,000 3,000 7,000

Program.. 124,000 25,000 149,000

Specification of increase (program)

Analysis and treatment of deteriorating oojects (2 positions $25,000)

Thousands of historically and technologically valuable objects await conservation to prevent irreparable damage or loss. New acquisitions to the collections from excavations and by donation arrive at a rate exceeding present capability to analyze or treat them properly. Analysis and conservation are painstaking operations. Additional staffing is required to make significant inroads on the workload. A conservator and a technician (.$17,000) and funds for travel ($1,000 I. conservation supplies ($3,000), and analytical equipment ($4,000) are requested.

Conservation Analytical Laboratory

The Conservation Analytical Laboratory was established in 1963 to serve the museums of the Smithsonian Institution. It ascertains and advises on the suitability of environmental conditions found in the buildings for the protection of objects on display and in storage, and suggests remedial action if necessary. Advice is given to the curatorial units on conservation procedures for specific objects. Objects which present special problems or require more specialized equipment than is available in these units are treated, restored, and preserved in the Laboratory. Analysis of objects or their materials (e.g. pigments, fibers, alloys, or corrosion products) is done by advanced instrumentation to determine appropriate conservation procedures or to provide museum archeologists and historians with basic research data required for information on dates, attribution, and ancient production methods.

An increase of $25,000 is requested to extend conservation services and to reduce the backlog of rapidly deteriorating objects requiring treatment. An additional $3,000 are required for necessary pay increases.

Need for Increase. —Entire collections of historically and technologically valuable objects, many irreplaceable, numbering thousands of items are in need of cleaning, repair, and conservation treatment. Objects which have never received treatment or which have been inadequately preserved in the past are deteriorating toward conditions which will result in total loss. New acquisitions are being received from excavations and by donation at a rate far exceeding present capability to analyze or treat them adequately. Many of the over 60-million items in the National Collections require treatment, for example, 80,000 items in the Division of Numismatics alone, representing at least seven man-years of work. The Laboratory layout has recently been reorganized to increase the efficiency of operations. During the three months of fiscal year 1969 following this reorganization over two-dozen assignments have been completed, involving about 40 objects and about 370 analyses. About the same number of jobs are currently in progress but some 150 await attention. Thousands more would be submitted by the museums' staffs if the Laboratory could handle them.

Analysis and conservation must be painstaking • -7 re maxi-

mum protection to f : object* while treatment is nu rodnction line

techniques are possible. For instance, g g from

-aine mint, were analyzed for ten elements with >. -.in?

ther their composition supported other evidence of antbei

ination. requiring; 15 man-days, supported a belief that two of the bars " -

'[.-.. request pi

rmieian. to meet this workload, and funds for travel, conservation and analytical equipment for a total program increase of $25,000.

Beeent accomplishments of the Laboratory include the testing of the compatibility of paint for the decoration of room.-; in which sihr» geney action to deal with wood borer- and ter:

a] exhibitions, and the analysis of a corrosion product found to be hindV operation of 03 earn-of H. Technology's wort »

brass fihial recovered by a diver from the Civil War monitor T.'.H..-'. 7e r >■ wan freed from i; o without loss of its aged appearance in order to

reveal an imprint that enabled its manufacturer to be identified.

U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM— OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR

77;

base

•crease

4-.- ~ra

OBJECT CLASS

Number of permanent positions.

11 Personnel compensation

12 Personnel benefits

21 Travel and transportation of persons.

22 Transportation of things

23 Rent, commissions, and utilities

24 Printing and reproduction

25 Other ser/ices.

26 Supplies and materials .

31 Equipment

Total.

Pay increases

Program

ANALYSIS OF TOTAL

2;

Specification 0/ morea-se (program)

Man Room Ope/ration:^, and Museum Shipments <J position $15,000)

The number of letters and packages has risen from 1,000.000 pieces in IT- 7 1^250,000 in 1906. An additional mail clerk ($5,000) is requested to sort, deliver, and bag for Post Office pick-up this higher volume of mail. Additional transportation funds ($30,000) are needed to ship collections, field equipment, and l< to other museums. Eighteen thousand objects weighing two million pounds were moved in JOGS.

Ov^tee 0/ ?//<? Registrar

The Office of the Registrar records all accessions and loans of objects and specimens by the Museum of Natural History and the Museum of History arid Technology in order to document the receipt and legal owner-hip of the collec-In addition to this responsibility which extends back to 1881, the Office a variety of essential administrative services supporting all of the Institution's research, education, collection management, and exhibition programs. These include centralized mail, me -hipping, and passport. and customs services and arrangements.

An Increase of $15,000 i.-, requested to service an increasing volume of public-mail and to permit the shipping of objects and materials essential to the ra of exhibition and re-earch programs. An additional $5,000 are requested for ne cessa ry pay increases.

2feed /or Increase. —An additional mail room clerk is required to ; t growing volume of mail received in the central mail office as a result of the In public inquiries and Institution responses and the distribution of public information materials. Public interest in the Smithsonian's exhibits and p^rform-

758—69—pt. 1-

ances, in its research, and in its reference collections is reflected in a rising number of pieces of mail inquiring about an object on display, forwarding an item for identification, or seeking the solution to a research problem. Approximately 1.250,000 pieces of mail were handled in fiscal year 1068, a 25 percent increase from Uie previous year. Additional mail pick-up and delivery points on and away from the Mall, including the recently opened Fine Arts and Portrait Galleries, compound the problem of adequate mail service. Daily, approximately 800 deliveries are made in the four buildings on the Mall and additional truck deliveries must service seven buildings in other parts of the city.

The exhibits and research programs of the Smithsonian are dependent on the shipping of collections, field equipment, supplies, and other objects. Transportation requirements reflect the growing workloads being experienced by the Institution's museums, art galleries, and laboratories. In fiscal year 19GS. approximately 18.000 objects weighing close to 2-million pounds were moved between points all over the world. The present level of transportation funds of some $90,000 is not adequate. Additional loans of objects are being made to other museums and to the Smithsonian for public display and study. Many shipments require special packing and handling arrangements which add to costs. Increased transportation rates are reducing available funds. An increase of $10,000 in transportation funds is required.

MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY

Object class

1969 base

Increase requested

1970 estimate

Number of permanent positions. . 154

Personnel compensation

Personnel benefits .

Travel and Transportation of persons

Transportation of things

Rent, Communications, and utilities

Printing and reproduction

Other services

Supplies and materials

Equipment..

Total _ 1,900,000

Analysis of total:

Pay increases 71,000

Program. 1,829,000

129,000

39. 000 90. 000

167

2, 029, 000

110.000 1,919,000

Specification of increase (program)

Ktlmic cultural history (2 positions $40,000)

Far too little has been done in museum collections, exhibits, and research to delineate the history of the ethnic minorities of the United States and to single out and describe their innovative, intellectual, and technological achievements. A start has been made in the Museum with regard to the study of the culture of Spanish America. To do further justice to this need, a strengthening of staff competence in ethnic history is needed. Increase would be applied to one curatorial specialist and a clerical assistant ($22,000), travel to locate and examine relevant materials ($2,000), services in connection with exhibits ($4,000), and the purchase of important objects (812,000).

Bicentt iniial of the American Revolution (1 position $50,000)

A number of notable studies and exhibits have been initiated in connection with the commemoration of the events leading to the American Revolution. In order to offer a wide and varied exhibition program (a draft script has been prepared) it is essential to improve the collections. One specialist ($17,000) is required to document the collections for catalog preparation. Funds are requested for travel to acquire items ($2,000). services for space planning and further exhibits script preparation ($15,000). exhibits supplies ($1,000), and the purchase of important objects to round-out present holdings ($15,000).

(3) MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY

19G8 appropriation $1, 766, 000

19G9 appropriation $1, QOO, 000

1970 estimate $2, 029, 000

The Museum of History and Technology is the national museum of American history and the history of science and technology. Its primary objective is to interpret national Jife and development through exposition of the National Collections. This exposition is accomplished in a rariety of ways. Through exhibitions of cultural, civil, technological, and military history, the Museum to instill in the viewer a curiosity that leads him to further study, in the museum, his school, or his library. Through systematic collection and documentation of historically and technically significant objects, the Museum serves the research requirements of students and scholars. Through correspondence, publications, and loans, the Museum communicates with the American people at large. The Ultimate Objective, then, becomes a melding of historically representative objects with successful communication of their significance by the staff of the Mu.seum. The activities of the Museum supplement and reflect the programs of the Smith-sonian Institution as a whole. As part of an effort to serve the nation it is participating in enlarged programs for special and experimental exhibition, in education ut all levels from elementary school to the university, and in historic archeology and preservation.

An increase of $90,000 is requested including $40,000 to establish and prepare for study and exhibition collections of objects related to the history and achievements of ethnic minorities and $50,000 to intensify preparations for the celebration of the Bicentennial of the American Revolution. An additional $39,000 are requested for necessary pay increases.

Weed for Increase. —-The principal facts of the history of our nation revolve around the cultural pluralism of our people. Museums should be concerned with presenting truth in a social context. Far too little has been done to delineate the history of the ethnic minorities of our country or to single out and describe their innovative, intellectual, and technological achievements. "Early America*' has long been tacitly assumed to refer only to the British settlements of the Eastern Seaboard, ignoring not only the nonBritish elements of the colonial population, but the fact that the "early" history of a nation approaching its 200th birthday should include not only the 18th century but much of the 19th. For the most part in museum research, exhibits, and collections, our ethnic subcultures, our minority groups come off" very badly indeed, xoung people representing Negroes, Indi Spanish, Chinese. Japanese, and other subcultures are not given the evidence that they are part of the stream of history of the United States with a noble pa f . a vital present, and an unlimited future.

If the Smithsonian is to play a vital role in the Bicentennial of the American Revolution, it should be prepared to correct what is in effect a series of oversights in history, the history of our country, and the multiplicity of our peoples. A -tart has been made. The Museum has allocated a position and funds to the study of the culture of Spanish America. Important broadening of the scope of the collections has resulted. The curatorial staff has participated in the experimental exhibitions in the successful Anacostia Neighborhood Museum. Through borrowing of objects, the Museum has established an exhibit on the African cultural background of the American Negro. In order to do fuller justice to this need, however, a strengthening of staff competence in ethnic history is required to develop the collections, undertake research projects, and plan and develop exhib increase of $40,000 would be applied to one curator and a clerical

and funds for travel to locate mine relevant materials and their

acquisition and for supplies and services in connection with the- presentation of materials.

with regard to the requested increase for the Bicentennial, the Museum is concerned primarily with the nation's technological and cultural history, and with artifacts a- unwritten documents relating to its history. Relatively less study has been devoted by historians to the objects and technologies of the Revolutionary period than to its political and intellectual aspects. The Museum i- capable Of making substantial contributions to the understanding and interpretation of the material culture of this jK-riod. In addition, several themes of this period have recurred again and again in American history to the present, and merit particular Btudy, research, and presentation. Among these are such timely topi'- as tran-i>ortatiou, civil disobedience, poverty, and urban development.

It Is imperative that the Museum of History and Technology offer a wide and varied exhibition program worthy of this national commemoration. Using funds appropriated in fiscal year v.^.'.k a script for a large-scale exhibition baa been drafted to the point that individual units can be fully .-cripted and designed if

the seneral plan is approved and funded. As a background to the planning of Sen exhibitions it is essential to improve the collections through acquisition m certain areas and to improve the documentation of existing collections pertain-in- to the era of the Revolution. Although the Museum's relevant collections are perhaps the most important in the country, they comprise principally objects associated with famous persons. Funds are requested for the acquisition of selected artifacts which will enable putting these objects into the context of the history of the 18th century. In addition, one specialist in the period is required for documentation work which is to begin with a systematic analysis ot each object suitable to the preparation of exhibits, the publication of a catalog, and ?o serve as a prototype for computerized control of information relevant to the Bicentennial, a stated objective of the President's Commission Service funds are required in connection with further exhibits script Reparation and space planning needs. This is a requested program increase of $50,000.

In this Museum which has enjoyed an average yearly attendance ot 5.5 million since its opening in 1964 (almost certainly the largest attendance of any museum in the world), a number of notable events have recently occurred in connection with the commemoration of the Bicentennial. A major study of San apiculture during the period 1775-1783 is underway with particular reference to the impact of the Revolution on farming. Among the items added to the collection has been an unusually fine example of a Brown Bess musket marked'S Rest.," elements of which participated in the "Boston Massacre. Another in a series of special exhibits commemorating events leading up_to.the \mer can Revolution opened in June 1968. This is "The Glorious Case of Liberty, Sg witiTAmerican colonial resistance to the Townshend Acts in the years 1767-69, and featuring original documents and objects from the period.

MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

Object class

Increase 1969 base requested 1970 estimate

259 5 264

Number of permanent positions - -- -

$2 808 000 Personnel compensation * • ^ qqq

Personnel benefits. _ ki ' nnn

Travel and transportation ot persons rj

Transportation of things .. nQ0

Rent, communication, and utilities - - 1H U Q

Printing and reproduction. - 44 qqq

Other services.. - 90 000

Supplies and materials. - - *y qqq

Equipment - '

Total - -- 3 393 000

180,000 3,573.000

Analysis of total: 159 000 80 000 239.000

Payincreases - 3 324'000 lOO'.OOO 3,334,000

Program.. - • •

Specification of increase {program)

Use of automatic data processing for collection information (5 positions

$100,000) The increase will be used to apply the data storage, sorting, and combining abilities of computer processing systems to the natural history collections, rne Museum has the potential to be a major information resource in systematic and environmental sciences. Accelerated collection growth, now 50 million specimens with associated environmental data, precludes trying to answer research questions from traditional paper records. Five information specialists and technicians • $23 000 on a six-months basis) are required to transcribe and code data. Support funds are needed for travel ($2,000), services, primarily computer operation time ($58,000), computer tape, cards, and other supplies ($2,000). and data input equipment ($15,000).

(4) MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

1968 appropriation g. JJJ. 000

1969 appropriation ■>■>• *»• """

1970 estimate **> ol6,WU

The Museum of Natural History, the largest of the bureaus of the Institution, is an international center for the study of the natural sciences, maintaining the largest reference collections in the nation of anthropological, biological, and geological materials. It conducts a comprehensive program of basic research on man, plants, animals, rocks and minerals, and fossil organisms—their classification, distribution, and relationship to the environment. Over 450 publications were produced in fiscal year 1968. It is an important focal point for cooperative research and educational activities with other Smithsonian organization units, Federal agencies, universities, and other scientific institutions. Students and highly trained researchers in many fields and from many countries use its facilities to pursue studies of mutual interest, exchange information, and assist in strengthening and adding new dimensions to the research program. Its studies of living and fossil plants and animals provide critical data for research on problems of conservation and pollution ; in the field of medicine; and development of food sources and earth sciences conducted by Federal agencies and private organizations. The fundamental studies in systematics conducted by the Museum are providing important new information needed in the planning of national and international programs on long-term environmental management. Through its exhibits, the Museum of Natural History presents and interprets for over 3-million visitors annually the history of the planet, its bewildering diversity of life, and the inter-relationships between animals, plants, and their environment. The scientific faculty and supporting staff of the Museum contribute to the intellectual content and conceptual development of these exhibits. The exhibits are utilized in curriculum-oriented tours for school children from the primary grades through high school. For most of the classes and the majority of the casual visitors, the exhibits represent an opportunity to learn more of the world about them. The Museum is a much sought-after participant in joint educational efforts with universities. A substantial number of staff members teach courses, train graduate students, develop seminars, and provide leadership in the development of Museum techniques, collection management, and the training of technical assistants.

An increase of $100,000 is required to extend the application of computer processing systems to collection management in order to develop the Museum's capability as a major information resource in systematic and environmental sciences. An additional $80,000 are sought for necessary pay increases.

Need for Increase. —Oaretaking of the National Collections of natural history is a major responsibility of the Museum of Natural History. This includes not only developing and maintaining the collections but making them fully available for study by scientists within and outside the Museum and by students in colleges and universities. Accelerated collection growth in the past 50 years has made obsolete traditional manual techniques for recording, filing, and the recall of information about natural history specimens. Currently there are over 50-million specimens in these collections. Much of the information associated with this material is not readily available for study because of the tremendous expenditures of manpower involved in searching, sorting, comparing, and transcribing paper records.

The collection information systems developed by a pilot computer project have clearly demonstrated the feasibility of using automatic data processing techniques in museums for these purposes. The result will be to enable museums to make more rapid and flexible use of information concerning their collections to answer research questions. Many of these questions relate to studies of environmental pollution, the source and composition of extraterrestrial materials, conservation of natural resources, and the increased production of food. Through the use of electronic data processing this information would be cataloged and so programmed that data now available only at great cost would be made accessible. Combinations of data which have long been needed could be provided for the first time. For example, it would be possible to analyze and report on the collections by geographic area (to respond to inquiries from the Department of Defense, Department of Interior, conservation groups as well as by educational and research institutions, etc.). Such data is now organized by species only.

The projects which would be Initiated in fiscal year 1970 would involve two of the collections which are becoming increasingly active and the subject of increasingly frequent and varied requests lor information.

The mammal and bird collections number approximately 000,000 specimens. The more recent additions from Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and South and Central America (approximately 100,000) have associated data on

ectoparasites and, therefore, are of particular importance. Using the data system which has been developed, work would be initiated to record the information on these 100,000 specimens in order to facilitate research on host-parasite relationships; the part ectoparasites play as vectors in the transmission of disease and their significance to public health problems, particularly as they relate to national defense. All of these questions and many others which now cannot be answered readily, if at all, are being asked by such agencies as the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Defense, Office of the Surgeon General, the Naval Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, and others concerned with the prevention and eradication of disease on a global scale.

The second project which would be undertaken would be the application of the data system to the Museum's collections of ores, drill cores, and "suites" of minerals which number about 30,000 specimens. The increasing attention being given to these collections and particularly to those samples obtained from mines has led the Society of Economic Geologists, among others, to urge the Museum to establish a National Reference Ore Collection and provide a broad spectrum of basic data on these ores to geologists and other researchers in the field. The only mechanism by which such a service to the scientific community would be feasible, both economically and on the basis of available manpower, would be through the establishment and use of this data retrieval system.

A program increase of $100,000 is sought to employ a programming analyst, an information systems specialist, and two information technicians, and to provide funds for computer services and data input equipment.

NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM

Increase 1970

Object class 1969 base requested estimate

Number of permanent positions _.. 42 2 44

Personnel compensation $448, 000

Personnel benefits 35,000

Travel and transportation of persons.__ 6,000

Transportation of things 1,000

Rent, communications, and utilities 2,000

Printing and reproduction 0

Other services.. 20,000

Supplies and materials _ 14,000

Equipment 12,000

Total 538,000

Analysis of total:

Pay increases 22 000

Program _ 516,000

Specification of increase (program) Space artifacts program (2 positions $40,000)

Original NASA funding to enable the Museum to acquire, preserve, and display significant space artifacts will be expended by the end of fiscal year 1960. Successful continuation of the program, including loaning objects for display to organizations across the United States and in foreign countries, requires resources not now present in the Museum's appropriation. Even with the requested increase, available funds will be less than 30 percent of those required. Increase provides for a museum specialist and a technician to restore and preserve objects ($18,000), travel to select the most significant objects at NASA centers ($4,000), transportation of space vehicles ($2,000), preservation services ($10,000) and supplies ($4,000), and handling devices ($2,000).

(5) NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM

1908 appropriation $48S. 000

1009 appropriation $538, 000

1970 estimate $588, 000

The National Air and Space Museum is the nation's center for exhibition, education, and research in the history and principles of air and space flight. It main-

tains the world's greatest collection of objects related to flight and is a unique resource for research in aviation and aerospace history, in flight science and technology, in the impact of man-flight on the cultural life and economy of America, and in the pioneering efforts of early aviators and astronauts. This growing collection now consists of more than 200 technically and historically important aircraft, more than 300 engines, 1,000 air and spacecraft models, and a vast array of ancillary equipment. Supplementing the physical specimens are extensive holdings of records resulting from air and space research, development and operations, films, art works, and memorabilia that are available to students, historians, biographers, technicians, and engineers. Drawing upon these resources, the Museum produces exhibits portraying the past, present, and future of aeronautics in America.

An increase of $40,000 is requested to continue and strengthen the program of acquiring, preserving, and displaying important space objects acquired from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. An additional $10,000 are requested for necessary pay increases.

Xeed for Increase. —Subsequent to the addition of space science and technology to the Museum's responsibility (Public Law 89-509, approved July 20, 1966), an agreement with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in March 1967 provided for important air and space artifacts developed by NASA to be transferred to the Museum. In turn, the Museum accepted responsibility for the custody, preservation, protection, and display of these objects. The Space Agency provided initial funding of $200,000 for this program with the understanding that the Smithsonian would seek continued funding directly from the Congress. With the increase provided in the 1969 appropriation, this request will permit a yearly level of operations less than 30 percent of that for which the Museum is committed under the agreement. The original NASA funding will be expended by the end of fiscal year 1969.

The number of space-oriented artifacts (many of them weighing several tons each) being received, preserved, stored, and/or displayed is large and increasing. During calendar year 1968 accessions included a full-scale F-l rocket engine rated at 1.5 million pounds thrust (one of five such units of the first stage of Saturn V) : a flown Apollo Command Module; a Lunar Orbiter engineering mock-up; a Surveyor S-10 full-scale engineering test model; and six complete space suits and ancillary equipment worn by astronauts in orbit.

Successful continuation of this program requires resources not now present in the Museum's appropriation. Thousands of objects, dispersed at NASA centers and industrial complexes from coast to coast, are potential candidates for accession. Extensive travel is required to select those items that represent significant breakthroughs in America's space efforts and later to arrange loans to other institutions for display. Objects must be recorded and their significance documented. Specimens are large and heavy and costly to ship. Special chemicals, materials, and handling devices are essential to restore, preserve, and protect artifacts. An increase in funding is essential to fulfill on a minimal basis the Museum's obligations under the NASA agreement and to make available these objects to the public. The Museum is continually receiving requests from organizations for the loan of spacecraft and other items. This is a requested increase of $40,000 for a museum specialist and a technician to restore and prepare specimens for exhibit, and funds for travel, transportation, services, supplies, and equipment.

During calendar year 1968. in addition to furnishing space material for its own displays, the artifacts program resulted in the following major items loaned for exhibit: Gemini N exhibited in London and Barcelona (for Department of Commerce), at Lucerne in the Swiss Institute of Transport and Communications, and in Munich at the Deutsches Museum: Gemini VII to Wisconsin Regional Space Center; Gemini III to Air Force Museum at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; Gemini Tl to Patrick Air Force Base: Aurora 7 to Andrews Air Force Base, to Wamer-Robbins Air Force Base, and to NASA's Amos Research ("outer, Moffet Field. California : Surveyor spacecraft to Hall of Science, Now York city : various astronaut space suits to United States museums and one to the United States Information Agency exhibit in Japan, hi addition, many Museum-owned spacecraft are on loan to the several NASA field centers.

NATIONAL ARMED FORCES MUSEUM ADVISORY BOARD

Increase 1970

Object class 1969 base requested estimate

Number of permanent positions

Personnel compensation.

Personnel benefits

Travel and transportation of persons.

Transportation of things

Rent, communications, and utilities..

Printing and reproduction

Other services.

Supplies and materials

Equipment.

Total

Analysis of total:

Pay increases

Program

Specification of increase (program)

No program increase is being requested for fiscal year 1970 in order to concentrate requests for additional funding on the highest priority history activities.

(6) RATIONAL ARMED FORCES MUSEUM ADVISORY BOARD

1968 appropriation $128, OOO

1909 appropriation $136. immj

1970 estimate $141. OOO

The National Armed Forces Museum Advisory Board, as required by Public Law S9-186, advises and assists the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution on matters concerned with portraying the valor and personal sacrifice of the members of the armed forces and their extensive peacetime contributions in science, engineering, medicine, exploration, and other fields. The Advisory Board recommends lands and facilities suitable for the proposed National Armed Forces Museum Park; conducts planning with regard to the concept of the museum park; performs research on the contributions of the armed forces; and selectively collects materials for exhibit and study.

An increase of $5,000 is requested for necessary pay increases. No program fund increase is sought for fiscal year 1970.

yced for Increase. —In October 1967. legislation was introduced in both the Senate and House of Representatives which would authorize the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution to acquire lands for the museum park in the Fort Foote area of Prince Georges County, Maryland. Action was not taken by the 90th Congress. Planning efforts are continuing on the development of a study center as part of the museum park. Specific recommendations resulting from a conference of distinguished historians called for early appointment of a senior scholar to serve as chairman of study center development including its role in commemorating the Bicentennial of the American Revolution. The staff of the Advisory Board is continuing its work on the salvage of the Civil War monitor TJ.S.S. Tecumseh. Engineering examination and laboratory analysis by the United States Navy indicates that the ship retains enough structural

strength to permit being salvaged and, after restoration, display in the museum park.

ANACOSTIA NEIGHBORHOOD MUSEUM

Increase 1970

Object class 1969 base requested estimate

Number of permanent positions 4 4 8

Personnel compensation

Personnel benefits..

Travel and transportation of persons

Transportation of things

Rent, communications, and utilities

Printing and reproduction

Other services

Supplies and materials

Equipment

Total...

Analysis of total:

Pay increases

Program

Specification of increase {program)

Xeighbo7-1wod Museum operations (5 positions $40,000)

The Smithsonian Institution must continue to make available to a low income, urban area a museum whose objects, exhibits, and related classes educate by stimulating interest and excitement. Approximately 75,000 persons have enthusiastically visited and used the Museum since its opening in September 1967. Continued availability of initial private support is unlikely as the Museum assumes less of an experimental aspect. Requested staff increase of four positions would provide for an exhibits specialist, a museum technician, a typist, and a maintenance employee ($40,000).

(7) ANACOSTIA NEIGHBORHOOD MUSEUM

1968 appropriation $6, OOO

1969 appropriation $25. 000

1970 estimate $65, 000

In September 1967, a former movie tbeater in the southeast corner of Washington, D.C. opened its doors as the Anacostia Neighborhood Museum. This is an experimental branch of the Smithsonian Institution, located in a low-income urban setting. The Museum provides an environment for open, nondirected learning through actual contact with real things. Tbis is a unique experience for adults and children who rarely, if ever, use other museums and cultural resources potentially available to them. The Neighborhood Museum is not a substitute for use of the city's cultural resources but is a doorway or bridge to greater use of them.

An increase of $40,000 is sought for continuing the successful operations of the Museum.

Xced for Increase. —Deteriorating urban areas are a major problem for human environmental concern. As a museum complex and as an educational resource, open to the general public for "increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." the Smithsonian has a responsibility for these areas and their human resources. To a large extent, however, people from run-down neighborhoods tend to stay there. They tend to be immobile, not to move much, except in a transient sense from slum to slum. Such people are likely never to go into any museum. Indeed, if badly dressed, they may feel awkward leaving their district, much less going

to a vast monumental marble palace. The only solution is to bring the museum to them.

Convinced that objects are of basic importance to many people, the Smithsonian has been experimenting with a neighborhood museum in an area where 41 percent of the people are under eighteen, 7S percent are nonwhite, and the median family income is $3,430. Here is a chance to work and educate with museum tools geared to create interest and excitement in minds not interested for the most part in books. The mere accessibility of the museum, however, does not insure intensive neighborhood use. Involvement is the key. but involvement can be created only if the museum's operations are participated in by the people who live in the community. To help achieve this, a community advisory council was created to advise on exhibits, their focus, and program activities. The museum's small staff is drawn from individuals with demonstrated skill in community work.

The results to date have been most encouraging. Approximately 75.000 people have used the museum. Frequently changing exhibits drawn from the Smithsonian's collections in art, history, and science include things which may be touched and tinkered with, not just observed. Workshops, classes, art shows by local residents, and music programs keep people coming back. Tours are conducted to the main Smithsonian museums. Local civic groups use the Museum for meetings on community problems. A national magazine recently described the Museum as "the most successful in this field" of "opening eyes in the ghetto." There has been no vandalism. Nothing has been stolen. There are no guards. The reason must be "because it is their museum, not ours, and they can be proud of it."

Continued successful operation and development of the Museum, however, requires an adequate level of Federal funding. Its initial financing had to be raised from private sources. Long-term availability of private funding is unlikely as the Museum assumes less of an experimental aspect. It is estimated that once it is underway a neighborhood museum can be operated on about $125,000 a year. Fiscal year 1969 Federal funding will permit meeting only about 25 percent of the direct cost of the Museum now being met from private sources. The request for fiscal year 1970 must concentrate on a build-up of essential staff, of high priority are an exhibits specialist, a museum technician, a clerk-typist, and a maintenance employee for a total program increase of $40,000.

FREER GALLERY OF ART

Object class

1969 base

Increase requested

1970 estimate

Number of permanent positions

Personnel compensation

Personnel benefits. __

Travel and transportation of persons

Transportation of things

Rent, communications, and utilities-Printing and reproduction

Other services

Supplies and materials..

Equipment.

Total...

Analysis of total:

Pay increases.

Program

$44,000

$3,000

$47,000

Specification of increase {program)

No program increase is being sought for fiscal year 1970 in order that the Smithsonian may emphasize the priority of other needs in the budget year.

(8) FREER GALLERY OF ART

1968 appropriation $30. 000

1969 appropriation $47. 000

1970 estimate $50, 000

The Freer Gallery of Art functions as a center for research on the civilizations and artistic achievements of Asia. Oriental objects of the highest quality and artistic significance are purchased to augment the study collections and for display to the public. The collections now number some 9,000 Chinese, Japanese, Near East, and Indian bronzes, jade, paintings, textiles, ceramics, and other objects. Staff members are engaged in research projects which relate to the cultural origins of objects in the collections. The Gallery is visited by scholars and students from all over the world who consult the staff, use the extensive library resources, and work with the objects themselves.

An increase of $3,000 is requested for necessary pay increases. No program fund increase is sought for fiscal year 1970.

Need for Increase. —Notable public service accomplishments during fiscal year

1968 included the examination and identification of over 8,000 objects and the translation of 800 oriental language inscriptions for individuals and institutions. Objects in storage were shown to 500 persons and over 50 groups, totaling 1,100 persons, were given tours through the exhibition galleries and reference areas. Scholarship, exhibit, and public service activities will continue in fiscal year 1970.

NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS

Increase 1970

Object class 1969 base requested estimate

Number of permanent positions 57 0 57

Personnel compensation

Personnel benefits

Travel and transportation of persons

Transportation of things

Rent, communications and utilities

Printing and reproduction..

Other services

Supplies and materials

Equipment

Total . 993,000 15,000 1,008,000

Analysis of total:

Pay increases 23,000 15,000 38,000

Program 970,000 0 970,000

Specification of increase {program)

No increase for programs is being requested for fiscal year 1970 in order to limit the requests for additional funding for history and art activities to the highest priority needs in the budget year.

(0) NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS

19G8 appropriation $927, 000

1969 appropriation 993, 000

1970 estimate 1, 008, 000

The National Collection of Fine Arts is the custodian of an ever-increasing national heritage of valuable donations and deposits of traditional and contemporary American art. At present, some 11,000 paintings, sculptures, and decorative art objects are included in its exhibits and reference collections. The National Collection of Fine Arts is instructed "to encourage the development of contemporary art and to effect the widest distribution and cultivation in matters of such art" (20 U.S.C. 76cj. To meet this responsibility the Gallery provides a repository for Government art; lends art to Government agencies, the White House, and embassies : promotes the public appreciation of art by permanent and special exhibits in its gallery and by sponsoring traveling exhibits within the T'nited States and internationally. With its varied collections, library, photographs, and archives, the National Collection of Fine Arts offers to students and scholars an excellent resource for the study of the development of American art.

An increase of $15,000 is requested for necessary pay increases. No program fund increase is sought for fiscii I year 1970.

Need for Increase. —The most notable recent event associated with the National Collection of Fine Arts was its public opening on -May <i, 1968, in the recently renovated Fine Arts and Portrait Galleries building. Continuing and

new galleries," "' .„,? „l r caoyenjoyed widespread popular aod critical so, ■

IS. Cere™ FnThe 1S?£E£SS£* 10,000 yisi.ors in the M M y» ..f

operation. o/witimial exhibit areas will be opened and tbe program

circulate exhibits.

NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY

Object class

Increase 19'0

1969 base requested estimate

28

Number of permanent positions - -

$304, 000

Personnel compensation - 18,000

Personnel benefits.. - 10000

Travel and transporation of persons - ' q

Transportation of things - - - - 0

Rent, communications and utilities --- - 0

Printing and reproduction - - 190,000

Other services 22' 000

Supplies and materials. 250^000

Equipment

794 000 7.000 801,000

Total. - -

Analysis of total: 15 00 o 7,000 22.000

Pay increases - - 779'000 0 779.000

Program - "

Specification of increase (program)

\o additional funding for programs is being sought in fiscal year 1970 in order thTrequests for increases%an be limited to the highest priority needs elsewhere in the Smithsonian Institution.

(10) NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY

$729,000

1968 appropriation s (|1 000

1969 appropriation $80l! UOO

1970 estimate

The National Portrait Gallery serves as "a free public museum for the exhibition and study of portraiture and statuary depicting men and women wno have made significant contributions to the history, development, and culture^M

temporary exhibitions ana 111 sruuy couwiuuub, ^u,r uw *~—- -~ ---—-. v . of other likenesses of significant Americans in engravings and photographs..wot just an art museum, the National Portrait Gallery is developing as a1 study center with biographical, archival, and iconographical materials foi students and scholars whose major concern is American history- _ „«»„-,„,

An increase of $7,000 is requested for necessary pay increases. .No program fund increase is sought for fiscal year 1970. ^ . .

Need for Increase— The National Portrait Gallery opened to the public in tne Fine Arts and Portrait Galleries building on October 7, 190S Ihe ^u^™ 1 exhibition was a provocative show of almost 200 paintings, sculptures and Photographs entitled "This New Man : A Discourse in Portraits/* Designed to suggest answers to Jean de Crevecoeur's question, "What then is the American this new man?" posed in his Letters from an American Farmer in 1<82 the opening exhibition arranges portraits into such categories as image-maker, idol, defender, explorer, and expatriate. Setting the tone in the individual galleries are sucn general paintings as Albert Bierstadt's -The Oregon Trail" in the frontiersman and expansionist section which are supplemented by artifacts related eitner to individuals on view or the over-all theme. To develop the theme further, a <vinposiuni on the culture and character of the nation followed the opening

with noted scholars as speakers. Opening along with the special "This New Man'' exhibition was a permanent exhibition of the Portrait Gallery, a sweeping Presidental Gallery with likenesses of every Chief Executive.

During fiscal year 1970 additional gallery areas will be presented to the public. An intensified effort must be made to acquire fine portraits in all media. Work on the Catalogue of American Portraits, a national inventory of likenesses of Americans of historic significance, will continue. Equipment has been installed to prepare the data in the Catalogue for computer processing and indexing to meet public inquiries and reference needs.

JOSEPH H. HIRSHHORN MUSEUM AND SCULPTURE GARDEN

Object class

1969 base

Increase requested

1970 estimate

Number of permanent positions

Personnel compensation

Personnel benefits

Travel and transportation of persons.

Transportation of things

Rent, communications, and utilities. _

Printing and reproduction

Other services

Supplies and materials

Equipment

Total..

Analysis of total:

Pay increases

Program

13

$78, 000

5,000

10,000

0

23, 000

0

33,000

10, 000

0

159,000

4,000 155,000

$55, 000

4,000

0

5,000

20, 000

0

15,000

0

5.000

104,000

4,000 100,000

$133,000

9,000

10,000

5,000

43, 000

0

48, 000

10,000

5,000

263,000

8,000 255, 000

Specification of increase (program)

Preparing collections to meet Opening Deadline (6 positions $100,000)

The new museum building is scheduled for completion in the spring of 1971 with a public opening in October 1971. Over 1,000 paintings and sculptures for the initial exhibition must be inventoried, conserved, and researched for the preparation of an illustrated catalog. To accomplish an accelerated program and meet the scheduled building deadlines, the present small staff must be augmented. An additional curator, curatorial assistant, research aid, administrator, contracts clerk, and clerk-typist are required ($55,000). Also required are additional transportation funds to move objects ($5,000), temporary sorting and assembly space ($20,000), conservation and framing services ($15,000), and furniture and exhibit equipment ($$5,000).

(11) JOSEPH H. HIRSHHORN MUSEUM AND SCULPTURE GARDEN

196S appropriation $62,000

1969 appropriation 159,000

1970 estimate 263,000

The Joseph H. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden will display the collection of fine art donated by Joseph H. Hirshhorn to the United States for the benefit of the people. This is a superlative collection of more than 2,000 sculptures from antiquity to the present, and a unique survey of over 4,000 paintings which reflect the background and significant developments in American art of the 20th century and its international influence. The collection has been valued conservatively at $25,000,000 to $50,000,000. In addition to tbe $1,000,000 Mr. Hirshhorn agreed to give for future acquisitions, he has been continuously adding outstanding works of art to the collect ion since the gift was made. Public Law 89 788. approved November 7, i960, provides for the establishment of the Joseph II. Hirshhorn .Museum and Sculpture Garden, to be located on the Mall.

An increase of $100,000 is requested to intensify preparing the collections for the opening of a major museum of art. An additional $4,000 are requested Cor necessary pay increases.

Need for Increase.- With funds appropriated in fiscal year 1969; construction of the Museum will be started. Construction will be completed in the spring of 1971, at which time the Hirshhorn Collection will be brought from New Zork and the new building win !><■ prepared Cor opening to the public In October 1971.

When open, the Museum will conduct a full program of exhibition, educational activities, research and publications related to modern art and its backgrounds, thereby using the collection for maximum public benefit.

To prepare for the opening of the Museum on schedule, the staff must intensify its activities of selection and preparation. Over 1,000 paintings and sculptures will be chosen for the initial exhibition. These must be inventoried and prepared for examination, photography, framing, and where necessary, cleaning and restoration. This involves frequent contracting for conservation and other services, extensive research, and a large volume of correspondence, recordkeeping, and other clerical work. Selected and processed works will be set aside to await shipment and installation in the Museum. The inaugural exhibition catalog must be initiated, coordinating information on hand with supplemental research material. Future exhibitions, educational programs, and publications must be planned. A museum library serving the needs of the professional staff, students, and scholars, must be organized. At the same time, the staff will continue the important task of receiving and recording new acquisitions.

To accomplish this accelerated program and meet the scheduled deadline it is imperative that the present small staff be augmented. An additional curator, curatorial assistant, and a research aid plus an administrator, a contracts clerk, and a clerk-typist are needed. Additional transportation funds, temporary sorting and assembly space, conservation, framing, and other services, and furniture and equipment also are needed. This is a total program increase of $100,000.

The Hirshhorn Museum is moving toward three related goals : the acquisition of new objects, the development of plans and programs for the new museum, and I he continuation of its services to scholars and institutions involved in the history of modern American and European art. Mr. Hirshhorn's generosity led in 19G8 to the acquisition of more than 500 additional paintings and sculptures including works by Bourdelle, Dubuffet. Mondrian, Miro, Pollack, and Rodin. The collection is a major source for museums and art historians preparing retrospective exhibitions, biographies, and catalogs. In 196S, more than 50 queries were received weekly for research information, loans, photographs, or permission to view specific works. More than 500 paintings were loaned to museums and galleries including those in Chicago, Los Angeles, Pittsburgh, and Washington.

SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY

Object class

Number of permanent positions

Personnel compensation..

Personnel benefits _

Travel and transportation of persons

Transportation of things

Rent, communications, and utilities..

Printing and reproduction

Other services

Supplies and materials...

Equipment..

Land and structures

Total..

Analysis of total:

Pay increases.

Program...

Specification of increase (program)

Stellar atmospheres and theoretical astrophysics </ position)

Maximum effective utilization of the new 60" telescope to be installed at Mt. Hopkins can be achieved by the addition of a full-time observer technician. He will free highly paid senior scientists from essentially routine duties. Cost of the technician will be met by reduced funding needs in other programs.

<>l>tica1 observatory and observations ($35,000)

Use of the 60" telescope on Mt Hopkins for ground-based planetary observations requires the purchase and installation of an interference spectronometer ($35,000).

Radio astronomy (1 position $15,000)

The data gathering capacity of the SAO-Harvard 84-foot radio telescope can be-significantly increased by adding one observational astronomer ($10,000), and providing for supplies and materials ($2,000), and a small amount of additional instrumentation ($3,000).

(12) SMITHSOXIAX ASTROPHTSICAL 0BSEKVATOKT

1968 appropriation §! 754 0 00

1969 appropriation $ lf 818) ' qqq

1970 estimate Slj SS8; 000

The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory was established in 1890. In 1955 it was moved to its present location in Cambridge, Mass., where its work, although fully independent, became closely associated with that of the Harvard College observatory. Additional facilities were recently opened at Mt. Hopkins. Ariz., where observations can be made without interference caused by the deteriorating atmospheric conditions found on the east coast. Current research of the Observatory reflects the need to learn the relationships between man and the universe. Observatory scientists derive data for astrophysical studv from a wide variety of resources: gamma ray detectors, radio telescopes, optical instruments, satellite observations and experiments, and terrestrial study of meteorites, cosmic dust, and lunar materials. They perform research into the structure, composition, and gravity field of the earth: the temperature, pressure, and other characteristics of the upper atmosphere: the history, orbits, and compositions of other bodies in the solar system; the nature of stellar processes; and the origin of the universe. The results of these investigations have led to such useful achievements as the calculation of geodetic reference points and parameters used for maps and other navigational aids which are accurate to within a few meters; the derivation of formulas that describe the positions of celestial bodies from points other than the surface of the earth, which will simplify navigation from manned rockets and space stations : and information concerning the gravitational field and atmospheric density of the upper atmosphere. Scientists at the Observatory annually publish over 200 papers, articles, tables, and books covering a wide range of subjects in astrophysics.

An increase of $50,000 is requested to improve the utilization of current facilities for research in Stellar Atmospheres. Optical Observations, and Radio Astronomy. An additional $20,000 are sought for necessary pay increases Need for Increase.— Research in astrophysics is based on the analysis and interpretation of data contained in a wide range of the energy spectrum For the past several years, the Observatory has been steadily improving and modernizing the instrumentation used to gather this data. Much of this activitv is centered at Mt. Hopkins. A 34-foot gamma ray reflector has been installed'A &j" optical telescope is being procured. A new prototype laser tracking svstem is in operation. The Observatory scientists designed the four ultraviolet telescopes that are now operating on board the Orbiting Astronomical Observatory launched December 8, 1968, and continue to use the 84-foot radio telescope at Cambridge Mass In addition, the Observatory maintains constant collaboration and exchange of information with universities, colleges, and Government agencies including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Department of Defense, and the National Science Foundation.

A careful review of the present systems at the Observatory shows that a significant improvement in its research capability could be made bv increasing the utilization of present large-scale equipment through the selective addition of staff and ancillary equipment.

titellar Atmospheres and Theoretical Astrophysics.— To maintain the Observatory's lead in Stellar Atmospheres and Theoretical Astrophysics, additional observations are required from the 60" telescope (to be delivered in Bsca! year 1969). This requires the employment of a full-time observer-technician to operate and maintain the telescope, and to free senior and highly paid scientists from this routine and time-consuming work. These observations will complemenl and are an essential element to the continuing Stellar Atmospheres program .it the < ►bservatory. The cost of the technician will be absorbed by funding requirement decreases in other programs,

Optical Observatory and Observations.— With the installation of the 60" telescope at the Mt Hopkins site, the Observatory win have greatly Improved its ability to investigate the nature and composition of the atmospheres surrounding

Hip nlanets the visible and infrared emission from the sun and stars in early H£l o'evolution, and the enormous emissions from Quasars and Seyfert gala* Sf InformatYo of'this type is needed before manned or unmanned lights can be made to the Planets or the secrets of the immense power resulting from stellar "actions can be found. An increase of $35,000 is requested to purchase an int.r-fe Vnce spectrometer, an instrument which is used m conjunction with the 60 nl.-scoiieS provide information concerning the elemental composition of stellar

m *Sto Astronomy.-Radio astronomy has developed rapidly since the Second W rid War and now provides a rich source of new astrophysical information.

1 • rations ot discrete spectral lines can give clues to processes on the atomic and molecular scale and the study of quasars (quasistellar radio sources and ; u <arsTpu sating radio sources) can yield knowledge about these strange ob cc >

nat^een to emit vast amounts of energy by some process not yet understood t

hi time increasing demands for access to radio telescopes can only be met by f iv utiiizhi- existing modest equipment. The addition of an observational „ ^ will ^sur?that the 84-foot diameter radio telescope is fully utilized and properly maintained. Since each observation on a radio telescope requires a isdeSe length of time, this will free the other scientists to devote a greater

,!riVon of their research to analytical work. This is a requested increase> of $S5oOfor an observational astronomer and supporting funds for supphes and

e Th 1 is n Sa lt total' program increase of $50,000 for the highest priority needs.

oooooo

oooooo oooooo oooooo

oooooo oooooo oooooo

DO 3

'to o

ooo oooooc

OOO OOOOOC

ooo ooooot

OOO O O O O O O

cocoltj omo-i^ro

■ tO CM tO tD

ooo oooooo ooo oooooo

CO CD CO CD O O O O CO

O OO

ooo ooo

cni co'o-T

" CO ^ CNJ CO LT> <5

oooc oooc oooc

)CMCDO-l —

)^H ^H CO °°

o o-^

V) CO-X3

E_c ,_

oooooo

>oo ooc

■ « cnj r^ co cnj oo oo

11:

£» g <o "S a

■2 « SE£ 2 o — e.— £ ="2 u c

E.£!zz-c-— 5 ;= a> a) _, a! a> Q.'S o <i Tt ^ Oi(fl o<q.So

E— E o e a>

-as

o o a;

•J = i

0) "ra ^

23-758—69—pt. 1-

-51

soo

. . „ r Ph „ hasis of radio astronomy is the fact that varifl

Radio Astrotlon y-£h ^ ai c L? stellar objects emit radio waves. Data stars, planets, nebulae, and other steiuir WJ£ information of astronomic these radio waves can be inteipleted ™ dl *f°f^ ^ ve clues to processes importance. Observa tionjjodscrete ^^ T ^ T fll^ Yiole l t eyentS the atomic and molecular scale. ^ta n } yiekls knowledge ab«

stars ; study of quas^^^ '»*? Stints of energy by some pro,, these f ran ,f«^SSK presently using an 84-foot radio teles,-,.

servatory play an impoitant ro e in u developing instrumentation

^^^A^^Sl^^^^lS^ a P t the Mt. Hopkins, Ai Zmvmrtt* MfttSSwn ground based gamma ray facility off facility making it^tnesjas^ hi g h . ene rgy gamma rays from suspected gam STeMtSs S3TSt5e^> NeWla and pulsars (pulsating radio> source^ Iri^rites and cosmic Dust.—The Observatory is investigating theipeta n ' nSneralogy metallurgy, and isotopic composition of meteorites and cos, S521 u/o rleioStk history and evolution of the solar system as recor, fn meTeoritic ma ter The same techniques will be applied by the gtaenratoa StSSdtaS? samples in a responsibility assigned to it by the National A, naS and Space Administration. Current activities include a oncer ted efl to measure the quantity of extraterrestrial dust falling on the earth and octnKHsh criteria for its identification.

S r i Ssph<rrs and Theoretical Astrophysics.-The .Observatory is n inf significant contributions in research in stellar atmospherics and the, « Son and mechanics of the solar system. It has pioneered in the use of lug -s digital computers for solving complex astrophysical problems SAO scienl Svestigarmany areas of interest including the composition of the sun and st tempeiatm-e and density variations in the solar atmosphere, and unusual h energy reactions found in stars and galaxies.

Op/tcai Observatory and Observations.— Theoretical studies at SAO have vidfdTeehniques for solving some of the classical problems of stellar atinosph The need for stellar observations for confirmation of theories has led to Si procuring a 60-inch telescope for installation at the Mt. Hopkins Observat Ariz in 1969 This instrument will also be used for investigations of plane atmospheres and for infrared astronomy. Observational work has disci numerous new and unsuspected phenomena including the enormous flux of n red radiation from quasars and the discoveries of new very bright mfi; nebulae and of extremely red and "cool" objects that may possibly be new s in their earliest stages of formation.

Atomic avd Molecular Astrophysics.—&A.O>s program m atomic and rnolec astrophysics embraces a wide range of fundamental studies. Atomic and mol lar processes play a major role in a diverse range of astrophysical phenom including those occurring in plasmas, shock waves, nuclear and solid-state phy and planetary atmospheres. Investigations into these phenomena may j information concerning the nature of the high energy produced by these proce Planetary and Lunar.— Studies of planets and satellites in the solar sye including investigations that bear on the earth as a planet, are making su&s tial advances to which SAO is contributing significantly, particularly in areas of planetary atmospheres and geodesy. SAO scientists continue to s surfaces and atmospheres of the planets especially Mercury. Venus, Mars Laboratories are being set up for the isotopic, mineralogical, and pel r< eal study of lunar materials to be returned by the Apollo mission to the sin

of the moon.

Meteors and Comets.— Both radio and optical observations of meteors are i regularly The distribution of its stations around the world make possible n< continuous observations of bright comets, yielding data not otherwise avai anywhere in the world. Research continues into such areas of interest a:

source and effect of nongravitational forces that effect cometary orbits and the quantity of meteors and micrometeors entering the earth's atmosphere.

SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Object class

1969 base

Increase requested

1970 estimate

Number of permanent positions 23

Personnel compensation 5285,000

Personnel benefits 20, 000

Travel and transportation of persons 10,000

Transportation of things 2, 000

Rent, communication, and utilities 14, 000

Printing and reproduction 0

Other services 16, 000

Supplies and materials 11,000

Equipment 5, 000

Total ____ 363,000

Analysis of total:

Pay increases 11, 000

Program 352,000

30

$57, 000 4,000 4.000 2,000 3,000 0 15,000 12,000 8,000

105, 000

10,000 95, 000

$342, 000 24, 000 14,000 4,000 17,000 0 31,000 23, 000 13,000

468, 000

21,000 447,000

Specification of increase (program)

Expansion of quantitative research (2 positions $34,000)

The Institute needs to expand the predictive value of its present analytical systems. To do this the increase will be used to provide a mathematical ecologist and a microclimatologist ($25,000), research related travel ($4,000), transportation of equipment ($2,000), and a small amount of additional scientific supplies and materials ($3,000).

Additional research assistance and technical support (Jj. positions $34,000)

Currently the Institute does not have any research assistants and lacks adequate clerical and library help. Scientists regularly do routine clerical work. The increase will be used to provide for a research assistant, two clerk-typists, and a librarian ($23,000) and for increased contract benefit expenses for dependents' tuition and health benefits as required by Canal Zone law ($11,000).

B uiJdings and grounds (1 position $27,000)

The facilities of the Institute are experiencing increasing deterioration caused by the tropical climate. To provide for maintenance and to repair the facilities the increase will be used to provide a laborer ($3,000), utilities ($3,000). maintenance supplies and materials ($9,000), and other maintenance services ($4,000). An additional $8,000 will be used to replace the old and poorly functioning air conditioners needed to efficiently function in a tropical climate.

(13) SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE

1968 appropriation $312. 000

1969 appropriation 363, 000

1970 estimate 468, 000

The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute conducts and supports basic biological research, education, and conservation in the tropics. It does so in several ways: 1) by the scientific research of its own staff, and the staff of other bureaus of the Smithsonian; 2) through the maintenance of a natural reserve on Barro Colorado Island; 3) through operation of research facilities, including both terrestrial and marine laboratories, open to visiting scientists and students ; 4) by directing and supporting the education and training of students at all levels from undergraduate to postdoctoral; and, 5) by providing technical and scientific information and counsel to otber institutions, both private and Gov-

ernm ental. Some indications of the activity at the Institute during the pa* 12

m0ntbS nJ™o visiting scientists, interns, and tropical experts to Barro Colorado

1,1,^^.1.111^ Marine facilities on Naos Island (Pacific) and KS£ Mind . Ul ntio from 57 universities and 10 institutions across the V S ,, ntorP than 80 were for extended work stays resulting in more

U^Mh^nc^ntHbutio!,: so far, to the understanding of key biological

^ThTnast three to four years of intensive and complex field and expert mental efforts othe Institute's small professional staff of seven scientists Sis now reached an advanced stage of scientific output with more than 35 niners nublished submitted, or in preparation this year. 1 Tne iffiutecotXcted 30 professional seminars with attendance ranging from 30 to SOloca and visiting scientists and experts on topics rangingfrom the iirst New World tropical survey on seasonality to worldwide pesticide

r tSnti<!HMh!™n-stitute provided more than 2,000 hours of professional

po entTal can be released by relatively small additions of careful y selectedstaff and materials. An increase of $95,000 would correct severe workload hardships, aUowto? an important increase of scientific scope, and permit greater efficiency and flexibility in carrying out the assigned mission of the bureau : study and analysis o critical biological problems, training of advanced students from across the United States (and Latin America), and the provision of advice and assSnS to Sentists of Other institutions and the staff of other Government Ses and private organizations. An additional si. ...mm. is requested foi

necessary pay increases. „,.,*.« tt,o

Need for Increase.— Competition for scarce resources and life space marks th< ecological crises of our times—in our cities, fields, and streams. lor ages this has been the critical problem for biota in the tropics, where the greatest diversity of life forms on Earth produces intense interspecies competition. STRI scientists analyze the outcome of this competition—the ways in which evolutionary success is achieved. STRI scientists discern the mechanisms whereby broad environmental and biological principles actually operate at the individual level. This constitutes the major significance of STRUs field and experimental stud.. the evolution, species diversity, and environmental and social adaptations of the tropical marine and terrestrial life forms. In order to continue and strengthen research aimed at the understanding and beneficial control of environmental forces, increases for the higher priority needs, from a broader spectrum of requirements are outlined. These are expansion of research competence, provision of additional research assistants and technical support, and maintenance of buildings and grounds.

STRI's research has concentrated on behavior, evolution, and qualitative ecology. This must be supplemented by a rapid and energetic program of more quantitative ecology in order to increase the predictive value of present analytical methods. New competence must be acquired by the addition of two new scientist-. One would be a mathematical, theoretical ecologist to develop the models and techniques for more sophisticated attacks upon time and energy problems, refine and coordinate some of the investigations currently in progress. and develop plans for additional projects. The research of the bureau also must be extended to new organisms and different features of environment. For this, it will be necessary to acquire a microclimatologist. whose addition would add another critical dimension to STRI work. Additional support funds of $9,000 are required for their travel, transportation, services, supplies, and equipment. Increased computer services will become essential in the fiscal year 1^71 budget The Institute has virtually no research assistants. Although three assistants are essential for the marine and terrestrial research programs, only one can be requested in this budget. This investment will be paid back many times over in increased research output. In addition, a general strengthening of the pre ent very limited clerical and library staff is required to serve both the resident staff and visiting researchers. Two clerk-typists and full-time librarian are absolutely essential. The library contains the finest New World tropical reference collection outside the United States, and is used by many other Federal programs in the region. In addition, much routine typing as well as other requisitioning and

paperwork chores are being performed by the scientists themselves. The Institute also must budget for increased contract benefit expenses for its employees as required by Canal Zone law including dependents' tuition and health services ($11,000).

Maintenance of buildings and grounds within the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute complex of facilities is provided for entirely within its own direct budget (in contrast to most other components of the Smithsonian who receive services budgeted for by the Buildings Management Department). Approximately 40 percent of the STRI budget has been directed at the maintenance and operation of its facilities. Every possible economy has been made. The number of workers necessary to maintain Barro Colorado Island station has been reduced to the minimum. The budget is inadequate, however, to keep pace with increasing deterioration of the physical facilities. Also, the use of these facilities is greatly increasing (research and study visits of varying duration numbered 2S9 in 1966, 46S in 1967, and 567 in 196S, with an increasing spread of facilities— Barro Colorado, Galeta Island (Atlantic), and Xaos Island (Pacific), plus mainland facilities). An efficient approach to maintenance would be to establish a small central labor pool, supervised by the island manager, in order to provide specialized maintenance and servicing, to replace deteriorated materials, to protect the present investment and facilities, and to continue their serviceability. Although three additional laborers are needed, only one can be requested in this budget. STRI has been opportunistic in securing present building space at the least possible cost to the Government; however, utilities expenses are increasing and must be fully borne by the Institute. Increased maintenance supplies and other services are essential ($16,000). Air conditioners are mandatory for proper working conditions. Those on hand are both few and ancient and must be replaced at a cost of $8,000 before irreparable breakdowns occur. This is a total program increase of seven positions and $95,000.

Construction funds for essential repairs to existing buildings and to meet the long deferred need for improved laboratory and storage space are included in the Restoration and Renovation Appropriation request.

RADIATION BIOLOGY LABORATORY

Object class

1969 base

increase requested

1970 estimate

Number of permanent positions.. 32

Personnel compensation. $331,000

Personnel benefits 26,000

Travel and transportation of persons 5,000

Transportation of things 0

Rent, communications, and utilities 0

Printing and reproduction _. 0

Other services 20,000

Supplies and materials 24,000

Equipment 41,000

Total. 447,000

Analysis of total:

Pay increases 17,000

Program 430,000

$46, 000

5,000

0

0

256,000 0 0 0 0

307,000

7,000 300, 000

36

$377, 000

31,000

5,000

0

256, 000

0

20, 000

24, 000

41,000

754,000

24, 000 730, 000

Specification of increase {program)

Relocation operating costs (h positions $300,000)

In order for the Laboratory to move from its present cramped and unsuitable quarters in the basement of the 115-year-old Smithsonian Institution building to a properly configurated laboratory building of adequate size, an increase in funds is essential to meet new operating expenses, [ncrease would provide for maintenance and service personnel to care for complex laboratory equipmenl and systems ($44,000), and for rent and utilities ($256,000).

(14) RADIATION BIOLOGY LABORATORY

1968 appropriation $399, 000

1969 appropriation $447,000

1070 estimate $754, (mio

The program of the Radiation Biology Laboratory, from the initial charge thai it be concerned with the effects of the sun's energy on earth's life, has been devoted exclusively to the study of the responses of living organisms to various

nualities and intensities Of radiant energy and to the determination of the in-flulncTof various factors in the environment-light, temperature humuhty ^atmospheric content-on growth and development cycles oi plants. As a Ior >li1" t the serious concern with regard to the deleterious effects oi ar ants on living systems, there has been speculation that less of lie^suns enerev is reaching the earth's surface. Recent comparisons with data gathered ," he Smithsonian at the turn of the century indicate that *e decree mfok« pnerev mav be as much as 16 percent. There are essentially no data available t inli 'e what the ong term effects of s,mh a reduction will he upon crop android production The Laboratory's program of solar energy measurements ad holoicari-esponse correlation Alls a significant gap in e forts to provide understanding of the interacting factors that man must adjust and control in order tm Stain a habitable environment. The Laboratory has been credited wtth major contributions in photobiology which include the firstdetaried action spectra of such diverse responses as photosynthesis, photocontroI of seed germination! ?he induction and reversal of photomorphogenesis, and pho otropis n. An increase of $300,000 is requested to provide for operating expenses at the^Laboratory's relocation site in Rockville, Md. An additional $7,000 are reouested for necessary pay increases.

V eel for Increase.-Relocation of the Laboratory has been planned for a considerable period of time because of its inadequate and unsuitable Quarters to the basement of the 115-year-old Smithsonian Institution building Although the Laboratory has taken advantage of every square foot in cramped, dungeon-like rooms with low vaulted ceilings, the space has become very unsatisfactory for constant condition rooms to provide controlled radiant energy, precise tern-nerature and humidity controls, and general physiology and chemistry labora-E. In the renovation of the building it has been necessary to use for machinery rooms and other purposes a part of the space occupied by the Laboratory, thus reducing an already inadequate area. The Laboratory's research nronuD has become severely impeded by this situation. The provision of a propeSy onCS Laboratory area of sufficient size is essential to insure future "contributions to knowledge on the effects of light on man and his

''"Funds'have been appropriated in fiscal years 1008 and 1969 in the Restoration and Renovation section of the Smithsonian Budget for partial costs of the relocation. Blueprints and specifications have been completed, and an extensive and exhaustive search carried out to locate appropriatequarters atan economical cost A new laboratory building, providing approximately 50,000 squar< feet available for lease has been located in Rockville, Md. Additional Restoration and Renovation funds are being requested to ready the building tor

° C ThS ll is > a request for funds for basic operating costs of the pew laboratory building These include rent, utilities to maintain controlled environment conditions and four mechanical and service personnel to operate and repair complex refrigeration, plumbing, and electrical equipment used in experiments. Hie complexity of technology, the cost of equipment employed m experiments, ana the need to maintain facilities in continuous operation around the clock for long periods while experiments are in progress require the Presenceof this in-house support staff. This is a requested program increase of $300,000.

SMITHSONIAN OFFICE OF ECOLOGY

Increase Object class ^ base re " uested " 7 ° « t,mate

Number of permanent positions

Personnel compensation

Personnel benefits

Travel and transportation of persons.

Transportation of things

Rent, communication, and utilities

Printing and reproduction...

Other services..

Supplies and materials..-

Equipment

Total

Analysis of total:

Pay increases

Program

Specification of increase (program) Chesapeake Bay Center for Field Biology (1 position, $35,000) The Center presently consists of 700 acres. Negotiations are underway to

C Z^ll-^^fF fe V a ? PI *T iffl * tel r 2m acres of ^disturbed land in the C hesapeake Bay that is of significant value to scientists concerned with ecology conservation and the effects of air and water pollution. The incSi wlllTe used to provide for a full-time resident manager ($9,000) to protect andmainan Sm'Sr 1 *S StUdy ai ' eaS ($2,000), transportation of research equipment n& ?*i rtSS 1168 d communications ($5,000), scientific and preservation sup-pi es $1,000), equipment essential for research ($5,000). and other services ielated to the maintenance and operation of the Center ($11,000).

(15) SMITHSONIAN OFFICE OF BIOLOGY

1968 appropriation , 19ft nnn

1909 appropriation i^'JSo

1970 estimate -====!======== g Z

n Jr?t-r igm 0f tbe Smifi»sonlan Office of Ecology, established in 1965, lies in the Sts ofTSt 1 ?! ^ tWeen Va iOUS SCientifiC disci P^s in research'relevant to Sef SS fL C ^ mS environments on natural resources and on human societies. The historical roots for a program in ecology extend over nearly the entire span of the Smithsonian's 122 years, particularly with reference to the comS^nf bl ° 1 1 ° g iCa ! coll ^ions as a basis for precise identification of he components of ecological systems. The Smithsonian with the largest natural

tiv ?ZT£Z° nS m the WOi ; ld - With tW0 natural Preserves, and with a Suc-' nn Ha PC ,f img ° nginal researcl1 ^ man, plants, animals, in astrophysics and the earth sciences, and in the humanities, is a logical center of activity fo? ecological research. The Office of Ecology is a program office-not a l research bureau. It was created to encourage, support, and ^ordinate research wTtnin SSTK?" bureau !. of the Smithsonian Institution and between the Snithsonian and other organizations. The Office guides ecological studies, plans and deve ops

fSS S ^ P offS^J nafleeS f ldW ° TK arran§eS ecological Seminars and °on-Field Biologj. ^search resources of the Chesapeake Bay Center for

An increase of $35,000 is requested for protection of the property and main

In add^onaf^oS^ *"***? ft** Cbesa P e ake Bay Center foi Meld Biology. ah additional J>2,000 are requested for necessary pay increases

.Wz for Increase.—Man faces an urgent need to increase his knowledge of f s',nlnSfv 0 » m r UentS ° f h . iS environment as a basis for maintaining or^SrrSng The w, rilu ^ SSSS * ^^^ and eC ° n ° miC development and wellbeiig V ,S ? of 1 hum 1 an Progress are rapidly modifying the world environment

a 11 n man anf™ffSS"? f 0 * ?" St be made t0 ^^tand the relationships -v \^f i amm ais. and plants and predict the consequences of human technology to avoid irreversible damages to these relationships. The research conducted al the Chesapeake Bay Center for Field Biology will contribute'toward under standing the processes that control the stability and Popu^onsTecomSl

r^^^ V S^J a ^, tMm ^ eB l or research and trflhlin * along with land representative of the general mosaic of the densely-populated Washineton-Balti more region, including both disturbed and nondisturted areas The Vi er occu

to^ 1 Sffi^th!^ M ? t A a J e Ch a ^ ake Bay, the most iniportai^bay"n |'< ' •'>! ">a-t ol the Lnited States from the standpoint of economic and recrea-

n-^h ( .s e ^odSt S its a r? of . mature fores ^ ove ^ row ° '»-«««'»' «'■

SfhE.! , g ul " sandy Caches, and shallow estuaries, the Center -,•,-

^-hanS"n^o, ba r eline ^J . wWdl t0 COmpare 0ther "^ in 3*

in/', " Increasingly being used by scientists and students from

1 Smithsonian, area universities, and Federal agencies, j, offers a variety of

^i;;;--;;;- Cor Long-term research on vegetation, pollution, and w?ldii?e

At tin- present time there are 700 acres of land at the Center. Negotiations are

moii and to preserve its undisturbed state. This will increase tho PnmiiHoc available or ecological study.to almost 2,000 acres and u mifls of snored A [uU-time resident manager is required to insure protection of the Land from poac hersand vandals.and to oversee the daily care and maintenance of the f ac -ties. Additional funds are Deeded for the operation and main.man,-, of the

Center including utilities, acquisition, repair, and maintenance of equipment, and supplies for scientists using the Center. This is a program increase of $3o,000.

OFFICE OF OCEANOGRAPHY AND LIMNOLOGY

Object class

Increase 1970

1969 base requested estimate

Number of permanent positions -

$227,000 $61,000 $288,000

Personnel compensation... 15 000 5 000 20,000

Personnel benefits. -- - 5 ' 0Q0 o' 000 8,000

Travel and transportation of persons -- J ' U Q • Q q

Transportation of things 5 000 q 5 000

Rent, communications, and utilities... J - Q Q g

Printing and reproduction 4 000 g 00Q 12,000

Other services...... \\ m 17 ' 00 o 28,000

Supplies and materials. - , 2 ' 000 15 000 27,000

Equipment - - \ !

279,000 109,000 388,000

Total. '

Analysis of total: 12 000 9 000 21,000

Pay increases —- 267'000 100 000 367,000

Program - - — '

Specification of increase (program) Oceanographic sorting center (7 positions $100,000)

The Center currently is faced with a backlog of several million marine biological and geological specimens that require processing and distribution to a worldwide network of scientists for analyses aimed at discovering the resources ot the seas. In addition, several international expeditions are currently in progress or are planned for the immediate future that will add thousands of samples that need processing. The increase will be used to provide for seven sorter-technicians ($57,000), travel to examine new specimens ($3,000), processing and Preservation supplies ($17,000), equipment ($15,000), and other related services ($8,000).

(16) OFFICE OF OCEANOGRAPHY AND LIMNOLOGY

1968 appropriation g^' JJjJJJ

1969 appropriation f£i£ ££

1970 estimate *° 88 ; °°°

The Smithsonian Institution has been engaged in studies of marine organisms for more than one hundred years. Its first extensive oceanographic collections came from the 1838-42 Wilkes' around-the-world expedition to investigate tlie commercial whaling industry. The Office of Oceanography and Limnology was established to increase knowledge of the oceans and fresh waters that comprise 71 percent of our planet and to broaden the ability of oceanographers to respond to national needs. The Office does this in several ways. Through its Sorting Centers in Washington, DC., and in Tunisia (the latter principally supported by tne Foreign Currency Program) the Office serves as a substantial producer and repository of biological and geological data for the Federal Government. Ine Office also facilitates the productive involvement of Smithsonian scientists in ma run and fresh-water research and provides outside scientists and research organizations with a focal point for their effective use of Smithsonian resources within tin national interest. Emphasis has been placed on relating the needs of natural History specialists to advanced technology including deep diving submersibles underwater habitats, and improved sampling devices. Special emphasis ha.-also been given to involving the specialists in the problems associated with tin ecological consequences of environmental modification, including such Mologica changes as may result from the connection of the two oceans, problems ot neai shore modification, and pollution. Working closely with the National Commissioi 011 Marine Sciences, Engineering and Resources, and with the National < ounci for Marine Resources and Engineering Development, the Office participates 11 many of their committees and panels. It also responds to many requests fp] oceanographic information from the Departments of the Interior, Navy, State Armv, Transportation, and Atomic Energy Commission.

An increase of $100,000 is requested to strengthen the operations of tn« Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center, thus enabling it to process am distribute urgently needed, backlogged specimens collected during past majO oceanographic expeditions. In addition, the Sorting Center must begin to tran

sorters to process material from collecting programs currently in progress, or about to begin, including EASTROPAC, Cooperative Studies of the Mediterranean and Caribbean, and the planned International Decade of Oceanographic Exploration. This support will also enhance the Sorting Center's capability to process materials developed in studies associated with estuaries and nearshore pollution problems. An additional increase of $9,000 is requested for necessary pay increases.

Xeed for Increase. —The Office of Oceanography and Limnology operates the Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center which processes marine specimens from United States and international expeditions for use by more than 300 scientists of 27 countries in specimen-related research. This Center provides marine biological and geological identification and systematics services. Serving as a national referral service in all kinds of specimen-based activities, from field collecting to the disposition of identified species in permanent repositories, the Center receives bulk samples from Governmental and private sources; separates them into appropriate groupings for identification by specialists ; and coordinates collecting station data (water temperature, salinity, etc.) to provide maximum environmental information with the specimens.

During the past year, several thousand samples were received and four million specimens were sorted for distribution to scientists. As an example of the demand for specimens, one visit to a few midwestern universities located more than 20 scientists who desired material from the Center for their research.

In spite of the high productivity of the Center, its progress has been hampered by a stringent budget. A significant backlog of several million specimens has built up from expeditions, including several which were completed more than two years ago. Unless this work is completed soon, important contributions to our understanding of the potential food resources of the oceans will be lost with the press of new materials, resulting from several international expeditions. The backlogged materials contain important baseline information, which is essential for the evaluation of the effects of environmental modification. For instance, this information, combined with planned studies in anticipation of the proposed Isthmian sea level canal, and historical material from the Great Lakes and other important environmental areas, must be gathered and analyzed before engineering devices can be designed to eliminate possible detrimental consequences.

The seven positions requested will be used for sorter-technicians who will be trained to process and preserve the large number of specimens at the Center. Within the organization, considerable effort has been taken to train and employ unemployed and underemployed people. Their employment will relieve a serious workload problem and provide new skills and self-confidence to the people involved. Support funds in the amount of §43,000 are requested to provide services, supplies, and equipment essential to sort, package, and distribute specimens. This is a total program increase of $100,000.

An automatic data processing system for maintaining records of collected specimens has been designed and installed. Many of the previously manual operations of preparing labels, inventory cards, and invoices have been automated. The inventory pi-ovides a necessary record of the Center's activities and eventually will become a useful tool for studies of ecological communities and distribution of taxonomic groups. The inventory is designed to contain specimen data as well as associated information such as the ship's name, the collector, station number, position, date, depth, and type of collecting gear. Data retrieval can be made on one or any combination of these parameters.

SMITHSONIAN 0CEAN0GRAPIC SORTING CENTER, 1963-68

Algae

Geology

Invertebrates-Plankton

Vertebrates...

Total 35,661 17,828,760 26,079,113 1,186 3 330

1 About 30 duplicates.

2 In addition, 12,171 lots of unsorted specimens were shipped.

3 In approximately 27 countries.

CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF MAN

Object class

Increase 1970

1969 base requested estimate

Number of permanent positions

Personnel compensation

Personnel benefits

Travel and transportation of persons.

Transportation of things

Rent, communications, and utilities...

Printing and reproduction

Other services.-.

SupDlies and materials

Equipment

Total...

Analysis of total:

Pay increases

Program..

Specification of increase (program)

Urgent anthropology (1 position $20,000)

This request is aimed at continuing work on the revision of the 60-year-old Handbook of North American Indians by coordinating the research contributions of some 2.000 experts in Indian culture and by planning and overseeing an organized program of studies of fast-disappearing subcultures. Increase provides for a program coordinator ($15,000), and travel ($1,000), communications ($2,000), and printing ($2,000) to develop Handbook revisions and high priority study projects.

(17) CENTER FOR THE STT'DY OF MAX

1068 appropriation

L969 appropriation 0

1970 estimate *-"• U ^ J

The Center for the Study of Man was established in 1968 by the Smithsonian Institution following a report and recommendations by an ad hoc committee consisting of four outstanding anthropologists asked to review the total operation of the Office of Anthropology of the Museum of Natural History. The committee urged that the Center be organized to assume responsibility for planning and developing research and documentation in the area of urgent anthropology. Actual research is performed by personnel in other organizations of the Smithsonian, such as the Office of Anthropology and the Museum of History and Technology, and scholars and scientists from colleges and universities throughoul the world."These researchers are assigned specific areas of study and their efforts are coordinated by the Center. Their association with the Center lasts only until they complete their research, so that there is a continuous change in the research staff as each phase of the research ends and another begins. By providing a focus for the interdisciplinary study of man, the Center insures that research will be efficiently and effectively applied to the study of rapidly changing civilizations.

An increase of $20,000 is requested to continue research and documentation projects in urgent anthropology.

Need for Increase.— At the present time, the Center is engaged in two high priority projects, The Handbook of North American Indians and the study of American and other subcultures. The Indians passed their customs and history from generation to generation by word-of-mouth. Each year the number of older tribal members available to recount this information decreases. In order to revise the 60-year-old Handbook, now badly out of date, which is the primary authoritative reference in this field, it is essential to gather information while it is still available. The revised Handbook will be the definitive work in the field of North American Indian cultures. Some preliminary work by the Center has resulted in the compilation of a listing of over 2.000 experts in various aspects of Indian culture who are willing to contribute their time toward the revision of this Handbook. While it is difficult to place a value on this contribution, a conservative estimate would be at least $2,500,000. The Smithsonian Institution is the logical center to direct the efforts of thousands of experts in the field of American Indian studies so that a new and long overdue Handbook of North American Indians can be produced.

Urgent anthropology recognizes that social and economic influences, such as mass media and the general mobility of groups, are blending distinctive cultural traits and are causing a rapid disappearance of some cultures and subcultures. These cultures must be documented and studied while they still exist as distinct entities and while the results of this research may be applied to the solution of local and national problems. For example, information concerning the evolution and status of the Negro subcultures in America or the customs of various immigrant groups is not only of scientific value, but it is necessary for the effective planning and implementation of many social and economic programs. Research in this area involves the efforts of a considerable number of anthropologists. With its long history of anthropological work, the Smithsonian can effectively mobilize the world's anthropologists in an organized program to carry out urgent anthropological research on disappearing and rapidly changing cultures.

The Center's most urgent need at this time is for a program coordinator to continue work on the revision of the Handbook of North American Indians and to coordinate the efforts of many researchers in urgent anthropology. Support funds are required for operating expenses such as travel, communications and printing. This is a requested program funding of $20,000.

CENTER FOR SHORT-LIVED PHENOMENA

_.. . , Increase 1970

Object class 1969 base requested estimate

Number of permanent positions

Personnel compensation

Personnel benefits.. '.

Travel and transportation of persons.

Transportation of things

Rent, communications, and utilities...

Printing and reproduction

Other services

Supplies and materials

Equipment

Total

Analysis of total:

Pay increases

Program _.

Specification of increase {program)

Communications support for Timely Event Notifications ($10,000)

This will provide communications services needed to disseminate accurate and timely event reports to a network of almost SOO scientists in 86 countries. Sixty-eight major geophysical, astrophysical. and biological events were reported by the Center in 1968. Request is for $10,000 for radio, cable, telephone, and mail costs.

(18) CENTER FOR SHORT-LIVED PHENOMENA

190S appropriation 0

1969 appropriation 0

1070 estimate $10, 000

The investigation of short-lived natural phenomena is a difficult problem because they are unexpected, transient in nature, and often occur in remote lo-cations. Yet many of these events are of unusual scientific significance. In order to provide the scientific community with a means of rapidly responding to these occurrences, the Center for Short-Lived Phenomena was established in fiscal year 1968. The Center serves as a clearing house for the timely receipt and dissemination of information concerning rare natural events which might otherwise go unobserved or uninvestigated, such as remote volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, the birth of new islands, the fall of meteorites and large fireballs, and sudden changes in biological and ecological systems. Rapid dissemination of event reports permits research team- with data-gathering instruments to enter an area, often while the event is occurring, in gather information that otherwise would he losl to science. Reports are received from a wide range of sources, including news media, private citizens, individual scientists, ami scien-

h b-»-«»^*sa^^^sgt^ ,, 3S?£^^K

<rao l "'^"S^wradiocrtle telepaoaa, or air mail, dependiag

^S£U3£S^* £&2ft£3 ad/or «a to the

eve * nt ' „,«f nf «nnnoo is reauested to provide for communications services to ^•Sr^MTS -:,,!,,,, ,, ;;: JU o^ieati^aa. ---g-J ,

SKSSSmsbs «=»«« 5 £

"die socet e' asking to become part of the Center's reporting syjrtan. Its num^rTcorrespondfnts has grown to 755 in 86countries, WM^™" major sicentinc discipline. New requests are arriving at the rate of ..0 a month. Thi-tv viv ]■-,- leral agencies are users of the Center's servia

"•on1 <« and orea nSions have cooperated with the Tenter by reporting ,,.,' i additional information about events thai occur m "J«J*««g

IS providing assistance to research teams sent to their areas to investigate evente and mike measurements while environmental ^»g? ™ «*g^^

The ability to communicate quickly and accurately is the key to tbe ( . nt s success The Center has been U the Smithsonian Astrophysical Obserya-

t!! ; i^order to take advantage of the Observatory's extensn« jnjm,.....■:..■ >-facilities and network. The increasing communications traffic- of the Center is p in, an undue burden upon the facilities of this bureau. Although the Smithsonian is seeking support from user organizations and individuals in order that, , e maximum extent possible, the Center can be funded by those receivmg ts services, some hade core support i- sought for nondeferrable operating expenses The most essenl is $10,000 for communications services to assure that sufflcii nt facilities will be available to maintain the required level of event

reporting.

SMITHSONIAN RESEARCH AWARDS PROGRAM

Object class

Number of permanent positions - - -

Personnel compensation

Personnel benefits o

Travel and transportation of persons.. - "

Transportation of things -- - ^

Rent, communications, and utilities "

Printing and reproduction. - - n n Ji

Other services -- jwu.uuu

Supplies and materials - — I

"il'jipment - - --

Total

Analysis of total:

Pay increases

Program

1969 Increase 1970

base requested estimate

Specification of increase {program)

No program incr< oughl for fiscal year 1970 in order to concentrate

r eqxi( itional support to correct severe research competence deficits and

backl >g situations in other science activities.

(19) SMITHSONIAN RESEARCH AWARDS PROGRAM

1968 appropriation Mj». °°°

1969 appropriation gj». '""

1970 estimate $ 400 ' 00 °

The Smithsonian Research Awards Program was established in fiscal year 196G to provide funds for research and education in fields of scholarship of interest to the scientific staff. The program concentrates on field-oriented fundamental research which takes advantage of unexpected opportunities to investigate biological and natural events occurring in the field. Further, it serves as an important means whereby scientists of the Smithsonian Institution may engage in collaborative field research projects in timely fashion with colleagues located in other institutions. Many opportunities for participation in expeditions and other field projects would be lost were it not for the Research Awards Program providing modest but essential assistance. The Smithsonian Research Awards Advisory Committee reviews all proposals and recommends that support be given to those having the greatest scientific merit. Careful consideration is given to the competence of the investigator, the relevance of the research, and the facilities that are available. In addition to worthwhile publications resulting from research supported through the Research Awards Program, an initial research effort activated by a research award, in many cases, has been continued through funding by other Federal granting agencies, and research and development foundations.

Xo program increase is requested in fiscal year 1970.

During the budget year the current level of funding will be used to permit the prompt investigation of new research opportunities, as well as the maintenance and continuity of basic long-term research already underway through essential supplementary support.

OFFICE OF ACADEMIC PROGRAMS

Object class

1969 base

Increase requested

1970 estimate

Number of permanent positions

Personnel compensation

Personnel benefits

Travel and transportation of persons

Transportation of things

Rent, communications, and utilities..

Printing and reproduction

Other services

Supplies and materials

Equipment..

Total

Analysis of total:

Pay increases

Program

490, 000

4,000 486.000

58.000

3,000 55, 000

548, 000

7,000

541,000

Specification of increase (program)

Higher (ducat ion and research training ($40,000)

The Smithsonian has served higher education from the time of its establishment by making its collections, laboratories, and professional staff available to students and scholars for research a"nd research training. In fiscal year 196S, under a program of visiting research associates, 53 Ph.D.s, awarded by home universities, were earned within the Smithsonian by graduate students conducting research under Smithsonian professional staff supervision. Applications for these opportunities greatly outnumber the availability of fellowships with current funds. Only 29 percent of applications could be accepted this year. Request is for .$40,000 to increase the number of stipends.

School visit program (2 positions $15,000)

Over 30,000 children explored the Smithsonian exhibits under a program of curriculum-related, escorted school tours in each of fiscal years 1967 and 1968. This program was made- possible by a two-year demonstration grant by a private group enabling a special staff assignment to train and coordinate volunteer docents. The grant, will not extend into fiscal year 1970. To continue the pre gram, a program coordinator and a clerk-typist arc essential lo provide volunteer recruitment, training, and assignment ($15,000).

(20) OFFICE OF ACADEMIC PROGRAMS

1968 appropriation $218, 000

1969 appropriation s cmi, hop

1970 estimate $54S,' 000

The Office of Academic Programs was formerly the Office of Education and Training. lis name was changed to specify its purpose as making Smithsonian resources available for forma] education in addition to genera] open education as offered to the public in the museums and galleries. At the higher educational level, the Office of Academic Programs develops and coordinates the Institution's activities in graduate study through a variety of cooperative agreements with the nation's universities. The Office promotes and arranges research training at the Smithsonian for doctoral candidates and junior postdoctoral investigators. As a part of this training the office oversees the development of seminars in the various curatorial and disciplinary areas which are central to the Smithsonian Instiution's research effort. Forma] education activities below the university level arc also a responsibility of the Office- These include the highly popular escorted schno! visits, the preparation of teaching guides, lectures, and audio-visual materials. Public demand for use of the educational potential of the Smithsonian is growing rapidly at all level- of formal training. The institution increasingly is being Looked to as a major supplementary education resource by colleges and universities, and by elementary and secondary school systems across the nation. An increase of $55,000 is requested including $-10.000 for the higher education and research training program and $15,000 to provide school tours. A further $3,000 are sought for necessary pay increases.

\iiil for Increase. —From the time of its establishment the Smithsonian has served education. Its facilities have been focal points where visiting students. scientists, and scholars conduct research. It has .actively encouraged the development, of graduate schools. In 1901 the Smithsonian helped to secure the passage of basic authorizing legislation to make available its own "facilities for study and research,'' and those of Government research establishments generally, to students and other qualified investigators (20 U.S.C. 91). The President's memorandum of September 13, 1965, "Strengthening Academic Capability . . ." enjoined Federal research establishments to conduct their program "'with a view to strengthening academic institutions." The Federal Council for Science and Technology in a recent report urges Government laboratories to take the initiative in establishing joint activities with universities so as to make their facilities available ''to the maximum extent practical."

The Smithsonian aims to serve the academic community as a national center of research training in several subject areas where it excels, thereby extending on a wide front the benefits Of public investment in its research. The Institution makes a distinctive qualitative contribution to the future supply of teachers and scholars. Smithsonian activities in research supervision and formal instruction also yield substantial benefits to the Institution because they nourish the academic environment. This is an essential ingredient for successful intellectual inquiry. The interplay between Smithsonian Institution staff and outside scholars brings with it a heightened awareness of trends in the development of knowledge and constructively influences the design of new research. Students absorb rapidly new methods and findings, and accelerate the process of discovery and the communication of results.

A primary emphasis of the Office of Academic Programs is that of planning. coordinating, and administering visiting research appointments in fields of concern to the Smithsonian bureaus. There are programs in the physical science-. evolutionary and systematic biology, American studies, environmental biology, anthropology, history of science and technology, tropical biology, the history of art and museum studies. These programs have now grown to the level where thirty or more visiting scholars and scientists at the postdoctoral level come annually to the Institution (for periods of several months to a year) to pursue mutually valuable research studies in consultation with members of the Smithsonian's professional staff. In addition, under a program of fellowship awards, promising graduate students conduct research under the supervision of Smith-tan scientists or scholars, in fiscal year 1968, fifty-four Ph. D.s, awarded by these students' home universities, were earned within the Smithsonian. Of these, -even were in American studies; one in anthropology; I'M in environmental, evolutionary, and sytematic biology: three in the history of science and technology : and 23 in the physical sciences, primarily in astrophysics.

Applications for pre and postdoctoral training using the laboratories, collections, and professional resources of the Smithsonian have greatly increased, especially in historical studies with the opening of the National Collection of Fine Arts and the National Portrait Gallery. University requests for cooperative arrangements at the graduate level are made with increasing frequency. This is

indicative of the high quality of Smithsonian programs. For academic year 196S-W), the Institution could accept only 14 percent of the postdoctoral applications and 29 percent of those coming from graduate students. The Institution's inability to respond to rising demand is viewed with concern. The Smithsonian possesses resources for increasing its academic contribution. But these are not being used to capacity. In order to help extend the availability of these resources and to permit wider participation in graduate study, an increase of $40 000 in funds for stipends is requested.

For its elementary and secondary education activities, the Institution requires a program coordinator and a clerk-typist to schedule school tours and oversee the corps of volunteer docents. With the aid of a demonstration grant from the Junior League of Washington, the Smithsonian trained (through a special staff assignment) volunteers to coordinate a program of escorted school tours. Over 800 classes and 30,000 elementary school students participated in these curriculum-related museum visits in fiscal year 1968. Prior to the grant the volunteer docent corps could not be built-up beyond 30 or so, a number insufficient to meet the heavy demand. Now 150 docents can be trained each year In coming years volunteers will be drawn from a wider range of community organizations. This will allow for an increase in the number of students and schools served. The number of major halls available for escorted class visits will also be expanded. Currently, ten halls are available.

The demonstration grant will not extend into fiscal year 1970. Without it the program cannot continue. The coordination and detail necessary for recruitment, training, and assignment at the present level of activity demands a full-time staff. The provision of these two positions will greatly increase the use of museum collections and exhibits for purposes of primary education This is a program increase of $15,000.

OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES

Object class 1969 base requested

Increase 1970

estimate

Number of permanent positions g j -,

Personnel compensation ~~ $74,000 $17,000 $91 000

Personnel benefits 6,000 1000 7 000

Travel and transportation of parsons . _ 6 000 2 000 R'nnn

Transportation of things """ ' 0 ' 0 n

Rent, communications, and utilities . 0 0 0

Printing and reproduction 0 0 0

Other services.. '""""""'". 11,000 1,000 12 000

Supplies and materials 1 000 1 ' m x 2 '^

Equipment 0 i;ooo 1,000

AnalysK'totaff ^°°° ^°°° ^0"

Pay increases. ___ 2 ,000 3,000 5 000

Pr °2 ram — - 96,000 20,000 1161000

Specification of increase {program) Foreign currency program workload, (1 position $20,000) 1 he number of active grants to American institutions for research in the 3 foreign currency countries has more than doubled to SO within the existing appropriation. Administrative costs have been kept at about 2.5 percent of the funds, but the increased workload of proposals and active grants requir is an additional -rants specialist ($15,000) and funds for travel ($2,000), services ($1,000), supplies ($1,000), and equipment ($1,000) in support of grant administration.

INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES—OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES

1968 appropriation $101,000

1969 appropriation ' ns'000

1970 estimate j-j 1

The 1 >ffiee of Internationa] Aetii Lties establishes cooperative research programs wiih institutions of higher Learning in other countries and fosters programs for the international exchange of persons in the sciences and humanities of traditional concern to the Institution. The Office administers the Smithsonian's Spe-

S14

I.,-,,.,,-,,,, and the ioint Smithsonian-Organization of cial Foreign Currencs l"^ 1 111 ;",.., .. J rin ^erican graduate students in American States feUowshipp^rogramfoi Lat n^Ammc i ^ I)(iiartlu ,. llt

SWS^^^*^ ~ * —* flelds of

^r n a e r^^^^ arerequested

for accessary pay increases. -„„•_, ,,',,,•..;..„ Currency Program, grants are ,/ f 0 r increase.—\ rider the Special ™ r eignuurrency expeditions

made ,„ American ^f^*?,^ biology,

and research, primarily in archeology and sy! i. . appropriation of

in the excess foreign currency co . g™** /. ^| n ,„ ;1 tl „. i since fiscal

foreign currencies administered ($2,81<, < us u _

gL°SS SSSJ'SrSS^ £££#££ SU». b CT *

proposals being submitted. t has reS ulted in a substantial gain

t '•■ ts specialist would bo involved in the yearly cycle of 11 reviewing ne*

V; ^ SSTSaS steps is accompanied by preparatory negotiations and correspondence and it is anticipated that this activity will increase.

INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE

Increase 1970

1969 base requested estimate

Object class: 9 0

Number of permanent positions

$64 000 $6. 000 $70.000

Personnel compensation - 4'000 1,000 5,000

Personnel benefits ' 0 '0 0

Travel and transportation of persons 43 000 0 43,000

Transportation of things ' 0 0 0

Rent, communications and utilities — - rj 0 °

Printing and reproduction... Q 10 000 10,000

Other services - - — 2 000 0 2.000

Supplies and materials - ' q q °

Equipment - ■

113 000 17,000 130,000

Total -

Analysis of total: 5 00 o 7.000 12,000

Pay increases 108'000 10,000 118,000

Program... - ' .

Specification of Increase {program)

Streamline the transmission of publications {$10,000)

New methods such as micro-printing, are essential Tor the more efficient and econom amission of United States publications overseas, nvestigation

.hould be aimed also at reducing or eliminating .He sl.„,..u,ir .. uness,, a publications This request, whirl, is made as an alt< rnative to seeking additionaJ shipping funds, is for $10,000 for study services.

INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES—INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE

. .. $101,000

1968 appropriation j 113 (l()0

L969 appropriation I-g^' 0()0

1970 estimate *

The International Exchange Service was established in 1S49 to provide a means for distributing Smithsonian publications to other countries. This method of exchange proved so successful that other organizations in the United States were permitted to use the Exchange Service for sending their publications to other countries and for receiving in return publications from foreign organizations. In 1S67, legislation (14 Stat. 573) provided that official United States documents shall be exchanged through the agency of the Smithsonian Institution. The Service is the bureau of the Smithsonian responsible for carrying out the functions assigned by this legislation as well as by treaties, conventions, and other international agreements for the exchange of publications.

An increase of $10,000 is requested to investigate ways of streamlining and improving the transmission of publications. An additional increase of $7,000 is sought for necessary pay increases.

Need for Increase. —Official United States Government and private organizations' publications transmitted through the Service have aided foreign governments, colleges, universities, and medical and dental schools by providing their libraries with essential reference materials for study and teaching. In 196S, three hundred and fifty colleges, universities, societies, Government bureaus, and Congressional committees provided about 850,000 pounds of publications for transmission to 100 countries.

Traditional means of assembling, packing, and shipping publications are no longer able to keep pace with demands. Many worthwhile requests for assistance in transmitting publications to the developing countries are having to be refused by the Service. This is largely a matter of rising costs. Costs of transporting publications to the piers have more than doubled. Ocean freight rates have risen sharply. In addition, the volume of United States publications available for shipping overseas has increased to the point where their proper storage and accessibility in foreign libraries have become very difficult.

Rather than seek additional shipping funds as a partial solution to these problems, the Exchange Service needs to investigate new methods, such as micro-printing or micro-transparencies, for the transmission of official United States publications to foreign depository libraries. Compact information reduction, transmission, and retrieval systems can benefit the Service as much as the foreign libraries by eliminating bulk freight charges. Companion to this investigation should be a thorough review of the materials themselves, especially their end-use with a view to reducing or eliminating the shipment of marginal-use publications. In order to investigate these problems fully, a program increase of $10,000 is required for services.

W00DR0W WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS

1969 base

Increase requested

1970 estimate

Object class:

Number of permanent positions.

Personnel Compensation

Personnel Benefits

Travel & Transp of Persons

Transportation of Things

Rent, Comm., and Utilities

Printing and Reproduction

Other Services

Supplies and Materials

Equipment.

Total

Analysis of total:

Pay increases

Program

$25. 000

2,000

10,000

0

0

0

50, 000

3,000

10,000

100,000

0

100,000

$25,000

2,000

10,000

0

0

0

50, 000

3,000

10,000

100,000

0

100,000

Specification of increase {program)

i:.ri„ nsei of Board of Trustees (2 positions $100,000)

The Woodrow Wilson Memorial Act of iocs empowered the Board of Trustees of the Center to appoint scholars, manage i, r ifts and property, and explore site

acquisition. In on!<r for the Board to men these responsibilities, it must have

23-758—69—pt. 1-

-52

staff assistance A director ana secretary are requested ($27,000). Funds are needed alitor Board travel ($10,000), studies and planning jcfavxtiesfor site acquisition and tin- scholarly program ($50,000), and tor supplies ($3,000) and equipment ($10,000) for staff offices.

(22) WOODBOW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOB SCHOLARS

0

1968 appropriation q

1969 appropriation - « 100 q^

1970 estimate

Public Law 90-637 approved October 24, 1968. established in the Smithsonian

Institotion the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars In enacting

e ■ YWiv Wilson Memorial Act of L968," the Congress found that "such a

,te vnbr izing and strengthening the fruitful relation between the world

of learningand the world of public affairs, would be a suitable memorial to

tL St of Woodrow Wilson : and that the establishment of such a center would

De consonant withX purposes of the Smithsonian Institution;' The nucleus of

the SeS sSff will be a score or more of scholars drawn from all parts Of

he world and chosen for their record of accomplishment or promise. n l thei

snecial fields The academic accent will be in fields most closely associated with

WooSow Wilson including American Government and politics, the legislative

pro4lrinteniational law and organization, the peaceful settlement of m1»>

^SftSTftSSaafSSfe I- guested for fiscal year 1070 to meet the expenses of the Board of Trustees of the Center and for necessary studies and

Pl ^ e e?% a rl^ie.-The Woodrow Wilson Memorial Act additionally established wtl the Smithsonian Institution a Board of Trustees of the enter and em

owered this Board to appoint scholars; solicit, accept, and dispose of gifts, bequests and Xr property; and acquire such site as a location for the Center as mav subsequentlv be authorized by the Congress. In order for he Board to per-Krm IZ an!l rented duties, the Act authorized the ^PPropriattontolfce.Board of such fund- as mav be necessary provided that no more than $200,000 shall D e author zed for appropriation through fiscal year 1070 and no part of his

m r ria ion shall be used for construction. In order for the Board to meet JSS1K it will be essential to provide staff assistance, a director an-f a i.-rptarv, and to meet other administrative expenses including travel of SSriSS Funds are also requested for necessary studies and planning activitiesassociated with site selection and acquisition and de^lopment of the international studies program. This is a total requested increase of $100,000.

(23) ADMINISTRATIVE AND CENTRAL ST T PPORT ACTIVITIES

. .. $3. 271, 000

1968 appropriation _ |g _-.- 000

I960 appropriation $3*947 000

1970 estimate ''''

This grouping covers a wide range of activity within 11 Smithsonian organiza-tional S In suS these units are responsible for finances, planning and budgeting computer operations, libraries, performing arts, personnel management nidations, public affairs, photographic services, supply procurement aid management support. The increased needs expressed here are only those which a?eSsSa for continuing the quality performance of these units in order tli t thev mav give adequate support to the research, education, exhibition, and ^oUectio^^anlgement work of the Smithsonian. The total inc r ea^for administrative and support activities amounts to 15 positions and $372^00. Abu m e miarter of the dollar amount is to cover necessary pay increase^ Three of the ??tS are not requesting increases in program dollars. The costs of expanded net violin Personnel management, photographic services and the manage-„'. t ,.- i-t -roup will be met through the continued introduction of more I n't, 'o -i .ting methods. Within the remaining eight units approximately 67 Percentof the program increase is concentrated in tour priority areas-pubh-cation activity, libraries, computer services, and performing arts.

Tn^e aggregate increases requested for support activities are closely related to t^progrlmgrowthand development of other units. For example, an increase ! the workload of the Smithsonian Institution Press is indicative of higher research Output of the various museums and laboratories. Additional library needs

are the result of intensified curatorial and exhibit preparation activity. Demands for automatic data processing service reflect the strong need to gain access to the wealth of information in the National Collections. Increases in central administration reflect the growth in necessary management duties associated with Institutional growth. The following table provides trends in appropriations for the 11 units involved. .

Unit

Office of the Secretary

Management support

Office of the Treasurer

Division of Performing Arts

Office of Personnel and Management Resources.

Office of Public Affairs

Supply Division

Information Systems Division

Smithsonian Institution Libraries

Photographic Services Division

Smithsonian Institution press

Total

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY

1969 base

Increase requested

1970 estimate

Object class:

Uumber of permanent positions

Personnel compensation

Personnel benefits

Travel and transportation of persons.

Transportation of things

Rent, communications, and utilities..

Printing and reproduction

Other services

Supplies and materials

Equipment

Total

Analysis of total:

Pay increases

Program

2C

29

$340, 000

2,4000

15,000

0

1,000

0

8,000

2,000

6,000

396, 000

16, 000 380, 000

$43,000 3,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

46, 000

6,000 40, 000

$383,000

27,000

15,000

0

1,000

0

8,000

2,000

6,000

442,000

22, 000 420, 000

Specification of increase {program)

Puhlic service program management (3 positions $40,000)

All Smithsonian employees and organization units can contribute to the Institution's traditional responsibilities to its public. The coordination of this activity requires the establishment of an Office ox Assistant Secretary (Public Service). This requires the positions of Assistant Secretary, a program assistant, and a secretary (40,000).

ADNHXISTRATIVE AND CENTRAL SUPPORT ACTIVITIES — OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY

1968 appropriation $342, OOO

1960 appropriation $396, <K)0

1970 estimate $412, OOO

The < >iiif" of the Secretary provides executive direction and review of ail programs of the Institution. To assist the Secretary in this responsibility, assistant secretary assignments have been identified as being essential to specific progra a areas reflecting the interests of the Smithsonian. Directly under the Secretary is the Assistant .Secretary whose functional responsibility parallels the Secretary' Other assignments are the Assistant Secretary Tor Science, the Assistant Secretary for History and Art, and the Assistant Secretary for Public Services. Each of these offices is concerned with planning and reviewing the development of

i nffioe activities falling within their purview, and for In-muS eum, bureau, and ^f.^roS organizational lines.

creating .nor. efficient^S^S for Lt! public and institutional service

tution needs to consohdate/ fl ^ n t s f 0 f t he Smithsonian thai can make contribu-

activ ities. Thv organizations I ™J*« ™. i„>til.Uion itself and ils ,u:.ny >l'l»"'<-tioiis to these services are as diverse as me^ ^ ( , x;||)ili](1 from

of interest In public or WgJ^^^^&ition for a half-dozen stu-an assistant curator's evening dwm»Folklife which presents and Interprets Qents to a Summer Festival of Amen* ' ;lu;li ,. U( ,, of over 430,000 persons. In American performing artsL^* f 0 ^ s ° r S 0 urce S may extend from the shipmen institutional serv ces, the Eta .tl > wuaii. res ^ fchrou , h( . [nte rnational

of medical texts to aPeac 1 ^ i .X U ; ( , nni!( , ( i summary of all research-in-Exchange Service, to an elect* . .. > • Science information Exchange,

progress on river pollution, effected through the &c ^ ^ make

' To bring together these in< nm m n- < ':,,',„ ! d which this request for themosl effective possible.contributions lis met Smithsonian endeavor

an Assistant Secretary f P0»b*J p X!ff s eS n0 organizational unit nor individual requires more coordination, since there^is no | ft Inst itution's tra-

iu ' t he S,nithso,ii:.n tbat .-aimot m^ome W O . ^ ^.^ &ry

^S^SSSS^S^ aSanTand a secretary, a total program .crease

Of $40,000. MANAGEMENT SUPPORT

Increase .I 970

1969 base requested estimate

Object class .

■ ■ ' 33 0 33

Number of permanent positions "===== „ nnn . 799 0 rjo

$291,000 $8,000 v ^,'nnn

Personnel compensation... — " " 22,000 "•$$

Personnel benefits " . 8,000 0 B.uuy

Travel and transportation of persons.... 0 0 "

Transportation of things.—.-.- '•/_ d.OOfl 0 *.""»

Rent, communications, and utilities..-.. 19000 0 is.uuu

Printing and reproduction - "" 4,000 0 «."""

Other services. —,. -- -.„„ 9,000 0 |. »0U

Supplies and materials 3,000 0 J ' uuu

EqU,P ^ nt "_"_"_"_"_"/_"_"_ __ 3^0~ 8,000 368,000

Analysis°of'total:' " ... 25,000 8,000 33.000

Pay increases - — " 335,000 0 335, uuu

Program

Specification of increase {program)

U.MIMSTKAmX AND C.-KXTRAL SUPPORT ^CTIVITIES-MANAGEKENX SWPOB*

$315, 000

1968 appropriation " $360,000

1969 appropriation ~ $368, 000

L970 estimate " . ...

Tue Mana.en.ent Support .roup represent:- a eons Option of variOU activities that provides institu.ionw.de ^f^^l^JS^Sa fulfill certain and technical aid to the Secretary ^ d . ^^^SSTS the following: Ad-agencywide requirements. Management | P i * • Opportunity Office,

t^^T^^S, &3S3XZSU an/^e Travel Serv-

lCe ln°®crease of $8,000 is sought to help meet necessary pay costs. No program fund increase is sought for fiscal year 19<0.

Xced for Increase. —Activities in several areas will be carried forward in these units under current program funding levels. The Office of the General Counsel advises the Secretary and other officials of the Smithsonian on a wide range of matters pertaining to the collections and operations of a museum and research complex. The Administrative Systems Division is of continuing assistance to Smithsonian administration in its efforts to update and improve its procedural operations and forms management. The information contained in the Archives continues to be widely used by students and scholars concerned with the history of American science in the 19th century. The Duplicating Section, while handling a greatly increased workload, has introduced time-saving methods to stretch its capacities. The centralized Travel Services Office has increased its effectiveness in the area of arranging and coordinating Institutionwide travel matters.

OFFICE OF THE TREASURER

Object class

1969 base

Increase requested

1970 estimate

Number of permanent positions 31

Personnel compensation $310,000

Personnel benefits 23,000

Travel and transportation of persons 1,000

Transportation of things 0

Rent, communications, and utilities 132, 000

Printing and reproduction 0

Other services 11,000

Supplies and materials 2,000

Equipment 2,000

Insurance claims and indemnities 0

Total. 481,000

Analysis of total:

Pay increases- 10,000

Program. 471,000

0

31

$7,000

2,000

0

0

23, .: 0 0 0 0 0

32,000

7,000 25,000

$317,000

25,000

1,000

0

155,000

0

11,000

2,000

2,000

0

513,000

17,000 496,000

Specification of increase (program)

Workmen's compensation and postal costs ($25,000) :

Increased employees' compensation has been requested by the Department of Labor to pay for accident and injury-caused lost time to Smithsonian employees I $2,000). Additional postage costs are being caused by higher postage rates and an increasing volume of public service mail ($23,000).

ADMINISTRATIVE AND CENTRAL SUPPORT ACTIVITIES—OFFICE OF THE TREASURER

1968 appropriation $426, 000

1969 appropriation $481, 000

1970 estimate $513, 000

The Office of the Treasurer manages the income and expenditures of the Institution. It provides the Secretary with financial recommendations related to Smithsonian resource allocation. Recently the Treasurer's office was reorganized to include the Office of Programming and Budget, the Contracts Office, the Fiscal Division, and the Internal Audit Office. Through these sections, the Treasurer mbles the financial implications of Institutional development alternatives. Long-range planning and annual budgeting in public appropriations, endowment income, gifts, grants, and contracts center in the Treasurer's office. The objective of this concentrated activity is to formulate the best possible financial policies to help facilitate the achievement of Institutional goals. Over the course of the lasl \e a r, the Office has improved the system of financial records from which information is extracted thai is needed for internal managemeni and by other cies and authorities having review responsibilities, [improvements in financial planning, budget control, and accouni ing will conl inue to be made.

An increase of $25,000 is requested to cover additional costs of workmen's compensation and public service mail. An additional $7,000 are requested to cover necess

Need for Increase. —No program increases are being sought r><v the direel use of th( financial management units comprising this Office. Additii

funding is sought, however, for two areas of higher cost which reflect [nstitu-

S20

dents and injuries to employee _ ,,,, lUl . Mt .,i additional Smithsonian reimburse-

asslstanCe - DIVISION OF PERFORMING ARTS

Object class

Increase 1970

1969 base requested estimate

Number of permanent positions

$100, 000

Personnel compensation - 7,000

Personnel benefits --- V000

Travel and transportation of persons ' Q

Transportation of things - - - — 5 qqq

Rent, communication and utilities ' Q

Printing and reproduction 10 qqq

Other services — - - 4' 000

Supplies and materials --- j'qqq

Equipment - — "

129 000 33,000 162,000

Total - - --

Analysis of total: 3 00 rj 3 000 6,000

Pay increases - - -- 126*000 30.000 156.000

Program - - '

Specification of increase (program)

Continue v rformana s </?".' i>r< s< ntations I I position $.10,000)

Well over a million persons have enthusiastically viewed, ^e^and learned at Smithsonian programs of music, dance, ami expositions of folk c It ue dm m the past two vears. To continue this activity, it is essential to add a technical

,, or a^ofa Production assistant ($17,000) and funds for travel to search l out and obtain native craftsmen and performers ($2,000), ^^P 0 ^ 1 ^^^^! .SI 000), communications services to plan and produce events ($3,000) .services for the design and fabrication of staging facilities ($3,000), and productiOD supplies ($2,000) and equipment ($12,000).

ADMINISTRATIVE AND CENTRAL SUPPORT ACTIVITIES—DIVISION OF PERFORMING ABTS

. .. $98,000

1968 appropriation rj(| (|(|(i

1969 appropriation ~\;

11)70 estimate

000

over r.00.000 persons viewed, listened, and learned at the second annual Festival of American Folklife held during the several-day Fourth of July celebration in 1968 The first American College Theatre Festival, to be held late in fiscal yea 1969 will increase public awareness and support for the arts, stimulating a large segment of the nation's student population to productive and creative endeavoi by national exposure and the opportunities for a nationwide interchange ol ideas. These are two of the ongoing programs presently being administered and produced by the Division of Performing Arts, lis objective is to illuminate the collections of the Museums through programs of music, theatre and dance, and through expositions of the folk traditions that comprise the cultural heritage 01 this country—to add collections of performances and demonstrations to tne Smithsonian's collections of artifacts, and in doing so, to bring to life the total Smithsonian environment. Enthusiastic public attendance and participation in these performances, craft demonstrations, and special events have testineu 10 the value of adding this new dimension to traditional museum visiting.

An increase of $30,000 is sought for 1070 in order to sustain this activity to maintain high quality production standards, and to insure continued enthusiastic public response. An additional $3,000 are requested for necessary pay ran*KS. feed for Increase— The Festival of American Folklife. viewed by 431,000 persons in 1967 and 515,000 in 1968, and its related activities, is now an annual event. It brings to the Washington Mall demonstrations by craftsmen of pottrry. baskets toy making, carving, and weaving; and live performances of traditional

folk music and dance. In a real sense it is a living exhibition of the creativity of the many ethnic groups that make up the culture of the United States.

The Mall programs for the summer of 1968 were inaugurated by the second annual Rites of Spring on April 1, offering examples on the Mall of the use of the outdoor environment for city parks and recreation centers and including balloon flights, exhibitions, demonstrations of poster painting and collage construction, music, carousel rides, and athletic demonstrations. Public reaction included comments on the ". . . genuine sense of community, a thriving sense of involvement in the heart of this great city . . . The Institution seems to understand that culture is a total way of life of a people, not merely a treasure house for academicians or a plaything for the elite."

The Division's first attempts at outdoor programs have had far-reaching, rapid effects. The National Park Service requested that it plan and produce a program of cultural activities events for "Summer In the Parks" of 1988. As a result, mobile art demonstrations, jazz and folk concerts, puppet theater, and a film theater were held on the Mall and in 20 city parks during a 10-week period, attended by hundreds of thousands of people.

The Puppet Theater, begun in the summer of 1967 with one-week appearances of the Jacque Chesnais Puppet Theater of Paris and the Czech Puppet Theater, and continued with great success in the summer of 1968 in the parks and in a tent theater on the Mall, is now established as a resident theatre in the Museum of History and Technology. It is open to the public and available to school groups for reservations (currently booked two months in advance), featuring changing puppet exhibits, demonstration of puppet-making and manipulation, and daily performances.

In February of 1966, the American National Theater and Academy requested Smithsonian cooperation in planning the first American College Theatre Festival. Subsequently, because of its successful record in the production of large scale, open-air performance events on the Mall, the Institution was asked to provide the two principal theaters and facilities for related activities, such as a poster contest and exhibition, a conference entitled "The American Theater—A Cultural Process," an exhibit on the history of the American theater, and arrangements for television network programs emanating from the Festival. The Smithsonian will provide a specially designed tent, with a capacity for seating 900 persons, to be erected on the Mall. It will be the principal theater for the presentations of the finalists in the Festival; with the cooperation of the Department of the Interior, arrangements have been made for the use of Ford's Theatre for additional performances, as required.

These are specific examples of the work of the Division of Performing Arts aimed at bringing the American people more in touch with their cultural and creative roots. Many of these activities can continue only if the staffing and resources of the Division are increased. For instance, for the Folklife Festival, it is necessary to maintain a sound, scholarly foundation for authentic programs, to conduct extensive searches to obtain native craftsmen, performers, and other participants, and to produce presentations of high technical and artistic quality. A technical director and a production assistant are required to provide coordinated staging and program production. Additional funds for travel, transportation, communications, design and fabrication services, and production supplies and services are associated with the planning and presentation of performances. This is a program increase of $30,000.

OFFICE OF PERSONNEL AND MANAGEMENT RESOURCES

1969 Increase 1970

Object class base requested estimate

Number of permanent positions 18 0 18

Personnel compensation $214,000 $5,000 $219,000

Personnel benefits 16,000 0 16,000

Travel and transportation of persons 8,000 0 8,000

Transportation of things 0 0 0

Rent, communications, and utilities 0 0 0

Printing and reproduction 0 0 0

Other services 22,000 0 22,000

Supplies and materials 2,000 0 2,000

Equipment 1,000 0 1,000

Total 263,000 5,000 268,000

Analysis of total:

Pay increases 13,000 5,000 18,000

Program 250,000 0 250,000

Specification of increase {program)

No program increase is being requested in order to concentrate the budget request on higher priority needs in the Administrative and Central Support Activities.

ADMINISTRATIVE AND CENTRAL SUPPORT ACTIVITIES—OFFICE OF PERSONNEL AND

MANAGEMENT RESOURCES

1968 appropriation $246, 000

1969 appropriation 263,000

1970 esl imate 268, 000

The Office of Personnel and Management Resources provides specialized services in employment, position classification, employee relations, employee training, and salary and wage administration. In addition, it assists the Secretary by providing consultation and planning in the area of human resources. The Office conducts studies in organizational and behavioral sciences. It is also responsible for formulating policy and coordinating the activities of the Health Services Section, which provides health services to the Smithsonian staff and to museum visitors.

An increase of $5,000 is sought to cover necessary pay increases. No increase is being sought for programs.

Need for Increase. —over the course of the last year, the Office has begun to automate its personnel management information system. The objective is to introduce a better system for evaluating qualifications and potential performance. This activity is presently being conducted within the current funding level of the (>ffice. Gradually, the most recent advances in personnel selection and performance measurement will be integrated into Smithsonian operations.

OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS

Increase 1970

Object class 1969 base requested estimate

Number of permanent positions __ 12 1 13

Personnel compensation..

Personnel benefits

Travel and transportation of persons

Transportation of things

Rent, communications, and uliiilies ._

Printing and reproduction

Other services..

Supplies and materials.

Equipment

Total. 137,000 25,000 162,000

Analysis of total:

Pay increases 8,000 5,000 13,000

Program... 129,000 20,000 149,000

Specification of increase (program) Science information program (1 position $20,000)

The Smithsonian should extend the interest and usefulness of its scientific collections of some 50-million specimens and research programs in urgent anthropology, space science, gems and minerals, oceanography, and other disciplines by developing a well-defined and comprehensive science information program. No such program tow exists. Increase would provide for a science writer ($1.1.000), travel to field research sites (82,000), processing of films ($1,000), supplies (81.0001, and equipment ($1,000).

ADMINISTRATIVE AND CENTRAL SUPPORT ACTIVITIES—OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS

1968 appropriation $124, 000

1969 appropriation 137. 000

1970 estimate 162, 000

Since its establishment in 1907, the Office of Public Affairs has served visitors to the Smithsonian and the general public by various means of communications. The Office provides visitor orientation services, responds to general public inquiries, supplies information to the press, works with educational radio and tele-

vision, conducts a fv<:<: educational film program, furnishes free slide lectures, and performs other information and popular education functions.

An Increase of $20,000 is sought to strengthen the Smithsonian'. ..'.for-

mation program. This program attempts to relate to the general public the progress achieved in many of the scientific activities performed by the Smithsonian staff. An additional $5,000 are necessary to provide for pay increa

A'cc/ /or Increase. —The Office of Public Affairs provided noteworthy contributions to meeting public information need.-; in 1068. It has coordinated with the DSIA, Westinghouse Broadcasting Company, the British Bro Corporation, Japan Broadcasting Company, and others, to produce film reports concerned in whole or in part with Smithsonian activities. The at?< tthe

i-'rf-e film Theater increased approximately 50 percent to more than 18,000. Spectacular increases have again been recorded by the Dial-A-Museum and Dial-A-Satellite services. Cp-to-the-minute information on daily events and exhibits was provided to 60,250 callers on the recorded telephone :. Dial-A-

Afuseum. Information from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory provided Dial-A-Satellite service to 135,2-50 individuals, enabling them to view artificial satellites as well as other celestial bodies. Jn addition to a heavy volume of mail inquiries, the Office of Public Affairs answered approximately 30,000 general telephone inquiries from the public.

Despite these information activities, the general public is not being provided with informative, interesting, and educational material on the of the Smithsonian. Current staffing, workload, and budgetary factors do not permit an effective program. Only one-half to three-quarters of a man-year can now be devoted to a need which could productively occupy the talents of sei people. As a minimum, a full-time science writer is needed to prepare interpretive articles and information for the public. For instance, he might describe in popular terms the potential benefits, possibly in harvest;/.a- ocean foods, to be realized from the use by marine biologists of a locator index similar to the "Global Reference System." This was developed by the Institution's Inform Division. Also important would be relating to the public Smithsonian scientific effort in the areas of contemporary anthropology and environmental biology. Man's gradual contamination of bis surroundings, both social and physical, i.-. revealed through our collection-related research. The identification of many of our current environmental anomalies can be found buried in our collections of -past. A science writer would help to d^s^-ribe these problems and to educate the public concerning the degree of collective effort required in finding solutions to them. This is a request for one position and $20,000, including funds for travel, office supplies and equipment, and processing films.

SUPPLY DIVISION

Object class

I'^A br.e

Increase requested

1970 estimate

Number of permanent positions 20

Personnel compensation

Personnel benefits 15, OCO

Travel and transportation of persons 0

Transportation of things 0

Rent, communications and utilities 12,000

Printing and reproduction 0

Other services

Supplies and materials 47,000

Equipment 1,000

Total 290,000

->f total:

Pay increases 9, DOC

Program 281,000

I-:.'//.

0 0 0 0 0 0 15,000 0

20. 000

15,000

2;

J208,0(X

15,000

0

0

12,000

0

12.000

62, WO

1,000

310.000

14.000

Specification of

Repl $15,000)

laboratory, and workshop suppll trally stocked and issued for Institcttionwide use, h.i l. Funds

previously used to add . to repair equipmei

procurement workload. Increase will be used to repl<

ADMINISTRATIVE AND CI STRA] si PPOBT ACTIVITIES— SUPPLY DIVISION

1968 appropriation $276,000

1969 appropriation $290, 000

1970 estimate $310. 000

The Supply Division procures supplies, materials, contractual services, and equipmenl essential to the accomplishment of research, curatorial, exhibition preparation, and other Smithsonian activities. Jr stocks and issues office, laboratory, and other supplies required in daily operations. !i operates an active property management program, obtaining excess property in lieu of new procurement whenever possible. The Division maintains property records and takes periodic inventories to insure adequate control and effective utilization of equipment items.

An increase of 815,000 is required for central stockroom purchases. An additional $5,000 are requested for necessary pay inceases.

Need for Increase. —Over the years the Institution's research, exhibit, and educational programs have steadily increased in scope and complexity. This growth has created a greater demand for a wide variety of common and specialized supplies and materials to maintain the quality level of Smithsonian output. For economy and efficiency, the purchasing and stocking of these materials are centrally provided by the Supply Division. The supply purchase fund has been woefully inadequate for more titan two years. The amount requested is the minimum needed to restore basic inventories, to service forecasted requirements, and to avoid uneconomical small-lot purchases.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS DIVISION

Increase 1970

Object class 1969 base requested estimate

Number of permanent positions 8 4 12

Personnel compensation $96,000 $51,000 $147,000

Personnel benefits 6,000 3.000 9,000

Travel and transportation of persons 3,000 0 3,000

Transportation of things .. 0 0 0

Rent, communications, and utilities . 9,000 0 9,000

Printing and reproduction 0 0 0

Other services 3.000 0 3,000

Supplies and materials . .. 2,000 0 2,000

Equipment 4,000 0 4,000

Total 123,000 54,000 177,000

Analysis of total:

Pay increases 8,000 4.000 12,000

Program 115,000 50,000 165,000

Specification of increase {program)

Improving <n-rc.<s to collection information i'/ positions, $50,000)

Increasingly, each of the Smithsonian museums, art galleries, and Laboratories

Is rinding thai data associated witli its research experiments or with its rapidly growing collections arc too voluminous or complex to provide answers to frequently asked questions. The Information Systems Division has the computer ity to handle more data. Its present small staff has demonstrated its ability to solve problems. Additional staff capacity is required to tap the in!' r-matioD resources of the Smithsonian. Tins is a request for two systems analysts, a programmer, and a programmer trainee I $50,000 i.

ADM] ' \Mi i ENTRAT, SUPPOBT ACTIVITIES— INFORMATION SYSTEMS DIVISION

■ appropriation $132, 000

1969 appropriation $123, 0 : <i

1970 estimate $177, 000

The Information Systems Division diagnoses and solves information problems within the Smithsonian through the application of computer technology, it is comprised of an information retrieval section, a mathematical computation tion, and a management systems section. The information retrieval section is

concerned with the information systems used for indexing and retrieving data especially that associated with objects and specimens in the collections. The mathematical computation section provides mathematical analysis and computer programming to aid Smithsonian scientists in interpreting and presenting their research data. The management systems section supports administrative activities requiring automatic data processing of business or fiscal data. The collective ability of this group, including skills in finite and infinite mathematical techniques, algorithm structure, and computer applications, is helping to blend the traditional disciplinary approaches in the natural sciences. Similar assistance is being given to information needs in art history, technological and cultural research areas. Widely recognized by the museum community across the nation as a leader in the application of automatic data processing to collection informational problems, the Division's advice also is sought by the major museums in Canada, England, Mexico, and Sweden.

An increase of $50,000 is sought to meet a growing workload of applying automatic data processing to improve the usefulness of museum collections. An additional $4,000 are requested for necessary pay increases.

Xeed for Increase. —As the national repository for collections in art, history, science, and technology for more than 100 years, the Smithsonian Institution is acquiring, protecting, and attempting to make readily available for research and exhibit purposes new objects and specimens at the rate of one million a year. Traditional file card and log book methods of recording and researching for data have proven woefully inadequate to the job of handling large volumes of data and answering specific questions, particularly those cutting across subject matter, time, and geographic areas. For instance, a Federal agency may ask. "What damaging insects were found associated with food plants in the early 1900's as compared with the present?" Manual systems of data handling cannot answer this question. Smithsonian and other scientists, historians, and curators increasingly are turning to the Information Systems Division to help them tap the information resources of the Smithsonian collections.

These collections should be approached as if they were library books from which valuable information is extracted and encoded for instant retrieval and problem solving. Without such ability, the collections become meaningless. With such ability, the collections are tools which can be interwoven into the fabric of knowledge in such a way that specific questions may be asked of a social, technical, demographic, or biomedical nature which perhaps could not be otherwise answered. The data buried in collections in the arts, social sciences, and natural sciences is of fundamental importance to the solutions of contemporary problems in preservation, social stress, population, conservation, pollution, and food supply.

The Division has the machine capacity for handling more data input, processing, and reporting. It has reached the limit in its capacity, however, to analyze and design information systems before actual computer processing is possible. This constraint on its present ability to keep up with the processing and retrieval of collection information has affected Smithsonian responsibilities in anoiher way. As a pioneer in the field of museum information processing, the I nsi itution should take an active role in assisting other museums and educational institutions with their information management efforts. The pressure of in-house work, however, has precluded adequately fulfilling Smithsonian's traditional responsibilities in this area. The provision of assistance in the design of information and analytical systems is important in the context of national goals. For instance, in time all museum holdings in such subjects as art, marine biology, and cultural history should be linked by computer in a kind of union catalog which, when properly interpreted, may teach us more than we presently know about ourselves and Lead to an objective form of wisdom from which true planning for the future may emerge.

To meet the above problems, additional staffing is required by the Division. An increase of $50,000 is requested to employ two systems analyst a programmer, Mini a programmer t rainee.

'the Division has helped Smithsonian scientists to accomplish many tasks in the recent past. For example, a common denominator code (Global Reference

Code) WSLS devised to interrelate the con, inon ly-used techniques in expressing

ions on the globe. The new too] transforms latitude-longitude coordinates, Marsden quandrangles, and political and geographical names into a common code which facilitates retrieval of global data. A practical application of this locator mechanism may be to pinpoint a source of ocean foods. It has wide applicatii d to ail geographic locator needs.

,„ .ddltion, £w system* were %*V*J%J&'2?2!ib£2R+*

'•""■ i " v ;",*' tcol !^, i : , ':,n:; s»■/.■•., < SSLS L3 u„..u K i,.u, *.

S?u?al, or spatial factors are Influencing our contemporary environment.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES

Object class

Increase 1970

1969 base requested estimate

44 4 48

Number of permanent positions - '

$452,000

Personnel compensation... -- 34,000

Personnel benefits 4*000

Travel and transportation of persons ' Q

Transportation of things — jq 000

Rent, communications, and utilities. £7' 000

Printing and reproduction 3' orj rj

Other services.. -- - 45'000

Supplies and materials. - - 3'000

Equipment - ,

578 000 87, 000 665,000

Total

Analysis of total: 25 000 17,000 42,000

Pay increases 553*000 70,000 623,000

Program.

Specification of increase (program)

Correction of serious material and reference service deficiencies (.', positions, $70,000) a , 1QflQ

Libraries funding and staffing are at subminimal levels In fiscal.year 1969 only one book for every four members of the professional staff could be pureedJournal subscriptions have bad to be cancelled. Reference and circulation services cannot keep pace with demands (66,000 requests m1988■). To help correct these deficiencies, the request is for three reference 11 >r 11 .ns an< messenger for interlibrary leans ($32,000), journal purchases ($20,000), and tl.< acquisition of books and transportation facilities ($18,000).

ADMINISTRATIVE AND CENTRAL SUPPORT ACTIVITIES— SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES

Hnao . .. $546,000

1968 appropriation ._ s (|()()

1969 appropriation ^ m

1010 estimate

The Smithsonian Institution Libraries are an essential adjunct to the proper

is in research, exhibitions.

Government agencies, schools, museums, and the general research community. The services that the Libraries can offer greatly enhance the capability OI tne professional staff of the Institution.

\n increase of $70,000 is requested to maintain a minimum level ot booK ana journal purchases, to exploit interlibrary loans to conserve scarce purchase funds, and to improve reference services. In addition, $17,000 are sought to Help meet necessary pay increases.

Veed for Increase.— In the face of the need for economy the Libraries win concentrate on selective increases aimed principally at extending the capability Of existing resources in fiscal year 1070. No new program efforts or projects will be started. The requested increase will be directed toward meeting a growing workload and correcting the most serious deficiencies in providing support to Smithsonian and outside users.

The Libraries are not able to meet the growing needs of the administrative and professional staff of the Institution for books, journals, and reference services. Its staff could not be increased in 1969 and higher individiual book and journal costs have substantially reduced its capacity to service Institutional needs. To effect savings, the Libraries cancelled a number of journal subscriptions in 1969, but a cost increase of about 13 percent in those subscriptions which have been renewed have more than offset the savings. The Libraries Have sufficient funds this year to purchase only one basic reference book for every four members of the professional staff. The utility of book purchase funds also is being reduced by the continued increases in their prices. Through 1967, prices for art, history, science, and technology books have risen 13.1 percent, 44.3 percent, 49.3 percent, and 54.4 percent respectively since 1957-59. These trends are continuing according to preliminary figures from the publishing industry. In history, science, and technology, annual book price increases are currently averaging about five percent. The establishment of charges for Department of Defense documents from the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information transferred an additional unexpected burden to the Libraries. Thus the increased cost of materials has kept the Libraries from bringing acquisitions into line with the demands of the Institution.

A minimal increase of $36,000 for library materials for fiscal year 1970 is requested. The increase will enable the Libraries to acquire about 800 new journals, including those subscriptions that were not renewed, and 410 new books (an average of one book per year for each member of the Institution's professional and administrative staff). This is still far short of any library's standard for the support of advanced research and education that can be allowed but it will permit the Libraries to maintain a reduced level of operations without falling further behind.

To help counteract the greatly reduced level of purchases of its own library materials, the Libraries are seeking economies by increasing reliance on loans from other libraries in the Washington area and by speeding up the exchange of commonly used materials among branches of the Institution. In addition, the press for space in buildings on the Mall makes it necessary to use storage space in other locations for less frequently borrowed materials. A messenger and transportation facilities are requested to facilitate this interlibrary cooperation and use of materials at an additional cost of $7,000.

In addition to serious shortages of library materials, circulation and reference services are falling to substandard levels. The reference staff handled 66,000 requests for information and publications in 1968. This workload is growing at about 10 percent each year. The current staff cannot keep up with this growth in the need for library assistance. Services to users, including Government agencies and schools, have had to be curtailed in order to accommodate the growing needs of the Institution's own staff. In addition, there has been a reduction of 40 percent in the Libraries "open" hours in order to use reference staff for other essential library jobs such as shelving and recataloging. In order to improve reference services, three librarian positions are requested, an increase of §27,000.

This is a total program increase of $70,000.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SERVICES DIVISION

Increase 1970

Object class 1969 base requested estimate

Number of permanent positions 18 0 18

Personnel compensation

Personnel benefits

Travel and transportation of persons

Transportation of things

Rent, communications, and utilities

Printing and reproduction

Other services

Supplies and materials

Equipment

Total... 217,000 3,000 220.000

Analysis of total:

Pay increases 6,000 3,000 9 000

Program 211,000 0 211'000

Specification of increase (program)

Xo program increase is reqeusted in order to concentrate request on high

priority needs in the Administrative and Central Support Activities.

ADMINISTRATIVE AND CENTRAL SUPPORT ACTIVITIES—PHOTOGRAPHIC BEBVK I G

DIVISION

1968 appropriation ^f-'nnn

1969 appropriation *"■ VVV

1970 estimate --"• "

The Photographic Services Division is charged with supplying all types of

photographic and related services required by programs of research, documentation conservation of collections, exhibitions, education, training, publication, and public service This involves filling photographic requests, obtaining outside specialized photographic services, and providing technical assistance and training in field photography to Smithsonian staff members.

An increase of $3,000 is sought to help meet necessary pay costs. No program increase is requested. .

Need for Increase.—The growth of Smithsonian curatorial and research activity has substantially increased the photographic workload. The Division has responded in an effective and efficient fashion. The centralized photographic function allows the efficient shifting of personnel, equipment, supplies, and workload as the circumstances warrant. A single administrative unit allows greater economies in the purchasing of photographic supplies and services for Smithsonian laboratories and museums.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

Object class

Number of permanent positions

Personnel compensation. —

Personnel benefits

Travel and transportation of persons-Transportation of things

Rent, communications, and utilities..

Printing and reproduction

Other services

Supplies and materials..

Equ ipment

Total

Analysis of total:

Pay increases

Program...

Specification of increase (program) Hi luce printing backlog and improve publication* distribution (1 position, $50,000) An increase in printing and related funds ($44,000) will be used to reduce the severe ha<kiog of unpublished research manuscripts. Research productivity is outstripping printing capability. Xo additional publication funds could be provided in fiscal 1909. If no additional funding is forthcoming in 1970, the compound d 1969-1970 backlog will be approximately 14,000 page-:, or more tha entire year of printing fund availability. Current funding levels provide a capacity publication output of 12,000 pages per year. At present funding levels, the Smithsonian Institution Press is servicing only about oO percent of the printing needs of the Smithsonian scientists and historians. One shipping clerk ($6,000) is needed also to meet a growing distribution workload. Over 300,000 publications wore distributed in 1968 in response to public requests.

ADMINISTRATIVE AND CENTRAL SUPPORT ACTIVITIES—SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

1968 appropriation $577, 000

1969 appropriation $601, 000

1970 estimate $660, 000

The Smithsonian Institution Press publishes the results of the Institution's research, education, and exhibits programs. It issues numerous research studies in eight series, disseminating newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in the fields of anthropology, astrophysics, biology, history, and technology. It produces catalogs that document special and permanent exhibitions. It publishes popular information leaflets that describe and illustrate the National Collections. Press functions include the approval and editing of manuscripts, design of publications, procurement of printing, and distribution of well over 100 finished works annually.

An increase of $50,000 is requested to reduce a severe backlog of printing research manuscripts and to improve distribution of publications. An additional $9,000 are sought for necessary pay increases.

Need for Increase. —Publication of results is an essential extension of research. At present, publication of Smithsonian research reports is in a state of near-paralysis. There is a mounting backlog and extreme delays are occurring. This situation has arisen during fiscal years 1968 and 1969 because of a greatly expanded input of completed manuscripts. In recent years, research productivity in bureau programs has increased. The backlog has been compounded with the opening of the National Collection of Fine Arts and National Portrait Gallery. The Smithsonian Office of Ecology, National Zoological Park, and National Air and Space Museum have all initiated demands on the Press within this recent period. Appropriations for printing have not kept pace with the growth in manuscript output,

A survey of Smithsonian units indicated that 19,625 pages of manuscripts (plus illustrations) might be submitted in fiscal year 1969. The allotment for printing allowed publication of 12,000 pages at maximum. That capacity was nearly consumed, however, by a backlog of 7,500 pages of manuscripts submitted in fiscal 1968 which could not be published because of insufficient funds. The cumulative effect is illustrated by the fact that in fiscal year 1968 the Press began refusal of manuscripts at the end of January, while in fiscal year 1969 it refused manuscripts from most bureaus at the end of October. It is rapidly approaching a point where it must refuse acceptance of new manuscripts for an entire year in order to work exclusively on accumulated backlog. The compounded 1969-1970 backlog is now estimated at 14,000 pages.

The publication program is fundamental to Smithsonian objectives. Additional funding for disseminating research results must be obtained. Scientific output at the Smithsonian is benchmark information of primary importance to the advancement of applied research in Government agencies, industry, and universities. The immediate objective is to eliminate the backlog of unpublished research reports. No additional funds are reqeusted for publication of orientation and information leaflets for museum visitors or for official publications. Since these other publications currently account for only 20 percent of the Press budget, it is not possible to solve the backlog problem by allocating resources from them. The Press has greatly increased its internal efficiency through revised procedures, and has reduced the per-page cost of printing by employing improved technologies. But economies obtained through such means are leveling off. The backlog of manuscripts can be eliminated only by increasing Press printing funds. An increase of $44,000 is requested for this purpose. An additional $6,000 are required for a shipping clerk. A growing number of available titles and a rising volume of requests for publications from libraries and the general public are creating a

distribution problem. Over 300,000 publications were distributed in fiscal year inns. This is a total program increase of $o0,000.

BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT

Object class

Increase 1970

1969 base requested estimate

827 48 875

Number of permanent positions

$4 901,000 $517,000 $5,418,000

Personnel compensation 382 000 42 000 424,000

Personnel benefits. o' 000 ' 0 2,000

Travel and transportation of persons ,' 00Q 0 1000

Transportation of things. ----- - , 182 'noo 50 000 1,232,000

Rent, communications, and utilities... • Q 0 0

Printing and reproduction - 736 000 47 000 783,000

Other services - - - 346000 ' 0 346,000

Supplies and materials - - 270000 0 270,000

Equipment--. - - — " ' q 0 0

Land and structures

„. . 7,820,000 656,000 8,476,000

Total -

Analysis of total: 73 000 316,000 389,000

Pay increases - - 7 747'000 340,000 8,087,000

Program.. - - "

Specification of increase (program) Maintain, operate, and protect new building spaces (48 positions $31,0,000)

Additional guard, custodial, and mechanical services must be provided for the National Portrait Gallery (opened in October 1968) and as additional edition areas are opened in the Fine Arts and Portrait Galleries building in 1970. The Renwick Gallerv of Art and other building areas require fire, security and detection systems to supplement onsite guarding. Higher utility costs (up to 60 percent in "five years) must be met. Renovation in the Smithsonian Institution building and in'the Arts and Industries building creates a need for additional operating engineer and custodial positions. Heavy workloads elsewhere in three million square feet of building space preclude absorbing these additional requirements Increase will provide for 11 mechanics, IS custodial and service employees, an assistant building manager, and 18 guards ($243,000), higher steam electricity, and communication costs ($50,000), and installation and service charges for systems for the detection of smoke, fire, and physical security violations ($47,000).

(24) BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT

1968 appropriation g. 302, 000

1969 appropriation |'> Jg> ""Y

1070 estimate $8,4<b, Uuo

The Buildings Management Department protects, maintains, and operates eight major Smithsonian buildings, including the original Smithsonian building, the Museum of Natural History, the Museum of History and Technology, the Arts and Industries building, the Freer Gallery of Art, the National Air and Spare building, the Fine Arts and Portrait Galleries building, and the Renwick Gallery of Art." It is also responsible for seven other research, collection, and service facilities. Among them are the Chesapeake Bay Center for Field Biology, the Belmont Conference Center, the Oceanographic Sorting Center, and the Silver Hill facility which provides for the restoration and preservation of air and space objects, and houses reference collections of aircraft and other objects of science, technology, art, and natural history.

The Department provides utilities (water, gas, steam, electricity, and compressed air). It services, repairs, and operates the refrigeration, heating, temperature and humidity control systems, related machinery, and accessories. It furnishes communications and transportation. It is responsible for protection services for the buildings of the Institution; provides custodial services; maintains and operates the elevators and escalators; furnishes elevator operators and checkroom attendants; provides for basic fire and smoke detection, security, and safety services. It performs repairs, improvements, and alterations to the

buildings and facilities. The Department refinishes and paints interior areas on a scheduled basis; and is responsible for safety, physical security, and disaster programs The engineering and construction services for Smithsonian projects, and the supervision of contract construction work are part of the Department's responsibility. On specific building projects, the Department coordinates work performed by architects and engineers, and acts as liaison with contractors the General Services Administration, and the Smithsonian staff When called on, the Buildings Management Department also provides special custodial, protection, and fabrication services in support of research activities, exhibits, and other public events, and the care of the National Collections An increase of 48 positions and $340,000 is required to provide for workload increases m protection, maintenance, and operation support services Most of this increase will be directed to the Fine Arts and Portrait Galleries building-the Renwick Gallery of Art; and the Arts and Industries building. Some essential additional funding is required to cover increased communications and utility costs; and to provide for the installation and service charges for fire securitv and detection systems. In recognition of the need for economy, this is a hi-hlv selective program increase to correct only the most urgent buildings management problems. An additional $316,000 are requested for necessarv pay increases

leed for Increase.— The increases requested are required for the Buildings Management Department to provide minimum protection, operation and maintenance services for more than 3,000,000 square feet of specialized'laboratories offices, libraries, reference collection areas, exhibition and other public areas and supporting facilities, located at 15 different sites. The largest items of increase are for salaries, communications, and utilities. These currently amount to approximately 81 percent of the total buildings management budget

This Department must increase its staff and support fund resources in order to meet the growing demand for its services. The increases are related to additional or renovated building space acquired by the Smithsonian. They also relate to the opening of new exhibition halls; the accessioning of a million objects and specimens a year; new approved educational, research, and other public service programs; continued heavy visitor attraction to the Institution's exhibits and other museum presentations; and a growing use of the Smithsonian's resources by students and researchers from academic institutions at all educational levels During the period 1959 to 1970, the total square footage of Smithsonian buildings has grown from 1.4 million to 3.3 million. Visitor use has paralleled this growth Uuring 19o9, seven million persons visited Smithsonian buildings. It is anticipated that this will increase to 14 million in 1970 and to 20 million by 1973 Buildings management services must be provided during regular hours when the buildings are open to the public, as well as for special public service and educational activities in the evenings, on weekends, and holidays.

The National Collection of Fine Arts, housed in the newly renovated Fine Arts and Portrait Galleries building, was opened to the public in May 1968 During fiscal year 1969, the Buildings Management staff is adequate only to provide minimum maintenance, protection, and custodial services for the National Collection of Fine Arts offices, laboratory areas, and those exhibit galleries which have been completed, furnished, and opened to the public, and for the nonpublic areas of the National Portrait Gallery also in the Fine Arts and Portrait Galleries building. This staff had to be supplemented by other staff temporarily assigned from other important Institution buildings in order to permit the scheduled opening of the National Portrait Gallery exhibition areas in October 196S. The increase requested will provide minimum support services to the National Portrait Gallery public areas, give similar services to the National Collection of Fine Arts as additional exhibition areas are opened in the budget year and restore personnel originally asigned to duties elsewhere in the Institution This building will become fully operational over the next few years as additional galleries are completed, furnished, and opened to the public. Approximately To percent of exhibit space in each museum is now open. It is planned that an additional 20 i>ercent will be opened in 1970. Approximately one-half of I lie requested increase is to provide for this new space. The remainder is to bring staffing in other areas of the building up to an adequate level. The additional positions required to provide a minimal .staffing level during fiscal 1970 are nine mechanics 13 custodial and service employees, and 18 guards. Funds in the amount of si i.ooo are also requested for the installation and service charges I'm- additional fire, security, and detection systems in the oew public areas as an additional protection to valuable art collections.

2:3-758—69—<pt. 1 53

being met out of current funds perating engineer is now ial support services. The and service charges for lire.

requested increase is tor •>f> uv V/ , .. io R( , mvif . k Gallerv, and other building arras scanty, and detection systems n the Ren*K^ane^, ^ ^^ ^ ^^

V» w ^SfJSJSTJSSSiSS use of guarfpersonnel.

•equires me auuiu«"«. ";"-_,_ ... assistant building manager is reqiuit-u

Sees, ^^^'^.'"^^^^S^S^i^t of building operations -rifle on a ^^^^a ^Av^naiuan,tvies ^iiain^ x a .arge group of building incluciing CI £ . tions for a u Smithso,

^.Sl&SSS&SK E£ZSS*««» thefoUowing uble. lo

1969 1970

1965 1968 estimate estimate

to provide on a cum.»«r £"£diM the Arts and Industries building.

for a la^«gWO«^i^^^ 11 ^ tIttM f()r u « mitllsonia n bu.ld

>rfgrams continues to increase as tajUcatodImfljft a live-year period, the cost of utilities has increased b> 60 percent

Type of expense

' $424,000 $534,000 $600,000 $614,000

Electricity - —" 255 000 299,000 353,000 382 000

Steam_ - - """ 100,000 209,000 236,000 243,000

Communications - '"_'_",".".'. H. 000 20 , 000 24, 000 24, 000

GaS -"" TvTm l7062,O00 1,213,000 1,263.000

Total... - " ' .

and evening hours.J; ont '?™ us ,?^„„, „ day are required for maintaining envi-engineers seven days a «eek 4 hours a nay, M to nt a^age by

S"tSS.S^»^ to >™f c ilwareness a,,d lnttrest

in the.Smittonianha^nc^dco^dm«.t^cogs. ^ ^ ^^

An increase of ioO.OOO is required to mm '"" J %,, mn „. in ,,„ nK .<led for the

is requ P este P d to meet.this ^JS^ ( ^S^SS£ 8£5«£SSte toSJSS

Federal Telecommunications System (Fib) ""eiurj s« p« Administra-

1970, based on a recent communication from the General Services Admm.sua

'^V- !o n fnh.1 nro-rain increase of 48 positions and $340,000. Existing re-Th ls J s a totelpr^am increase or i ^^ Tfae operation

Guard protection is too thinly spread during peak visitor times.

The volume and complexity of work orders for mechanical trades assistance continue to place heavy demands on this Department as indicated below:

number

Fiscal year work orders

1967 4,916

1968 6,470

1969 (est.) 9, 000

1970 (est.) 11, 000

These work orders cover a varied range of assistance and support by the skilled trade and craft employees. They include such activities as the installation of special exhibitions and presentations in science, history, and art for the instruction and pleasure of the public; building repairs to prevent deterioration; installation of special laboratory equipment for the scientific staff; fabrication of metal frame and supports for collection housing; design of lighting installations in exhibit halls and art galleries; and restoration of antique furniture for special exhibition.

The mechanical service employees of the Buildings Managements Department are also responsible for inspecting, operating, servicing, and repairing the present 9,400-ton capacity environmental control equipment. This is a complex and intricate system of machinery used for air-conditioning, refrigeration, heating, and humidity control purposes. It must be closely supervised seven days a week, 24-hours a day. The total capacity of this machinery compares with 2,280 tons in 1964, an increase of 311 percent. The environmental control system is absolutely essential to the conservation and preservation of approximately 62-million objects in the National Collections and to the comfort of visitors and staff.

This Department also provides building services support to the many programs of the Institution, including cleaning exhibits areas, e.g. the Railroad and Auto Halls in the Museum of History and Technology, as well as public lounges, rest-rooms, offices, laboratories, and shops ; assisting in the movement and installation of exhibits; and transporting museum objects from donors in the Washington Metropolitan area. These employees also provide such special services as office moves, vehicle transportation, telephone services, and pest-control operations for the buildings and grounds.

Minimum acceptable security standards require specialized techniques and extensive installations to assure protection for museum and gallery buildings, for the National Collections contained therein, as well as the safety and welfare of the visitors and the staff. The prevention of pilferage and vandalism, and the detection and elimination of safety and fire hazards are programs of major concern. An increasing burden is being put on the Smithsonian for the proper maintenance of its protective standards. New design concepts in exhibit halls and galleries result in a minimum amount of large open space which can be effectively protected by a single guard. In addition, many new exhibits are being presented in a fashion that prevents the use of protective devices such as barriers, cases, and enclosures which might intrude between the objects and the viewer. These innovations, while desirable for public enjoyment and education, result in an ever-growing requirement for more guards, each with a lesser area of proper surveillance. The increased used of sophisticated electronic protection devices only partially compensates for the absence of an onsite guard. In case of trouble or emergency, the response and action of a trained guard are still required.

In 1969, only 84 percent of the essential guard posts could be adequately staffed within the authorized positions of the guard force. This compares with 90 percent in 1966. Actually, the manpower limitations, imposed by the existing austerity program, have reduced the on-board strength and now allow coverage of only 72 percent of the total required posts. This shortage makes it necessary to combine posts and extend individual guard coverage considerably beyond minimum acceptable security standards. The National Collections must be protected against loss or damage through theft or vandalism. During fiscal L968, the number of such incidents increased to 240 from 183 in 1907, an increase of

31 percent The number of incidents expected during the current fiscal year will

"'in Snmon V or the'ne'ed to reduce costs wherever possible, a study was made to de ermine \he feasibility and possible savings in.changing the -^^ iiIpS TieM cleaning force to the day shift, beginning at b 00 a.m. This study riven lefhat the chance-over to day cleaning improved coordination and coopera-revealedthat the en n e over ™ * production (through closer supervision) ; ^^StSS^^'SSSS^ (because of the better transportation : • liable for he davtinie hours of duty). In addition to the above benefits, ap-nroxbmatelv $20%00 will be saved annually through the elimination. o night-dSJrTntlal costs These savings are being used to cover the increase in the cost of trash[ removli. elevltor inspection and repairs, building supplies, materials,

and equipment items. „.„.,.

BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT

Square Number of positions Operating costs'

Name of building ^g 1968 1969 1970 " 1963 1969 1970

T u 7^ KK7 ?4R 248 248 $2 299,000 $2,392,000 $2,512,000

Museum of History and Technology /",bb/ ^b ^o 2 606 000 2,721,000 2,884,000

Museum of Natural History., -- l-""-*" % % m ' 455,000 617,000 837,000

Fine Arts and Portrait Galleries 3/4, us /* bo i qo() m ^ m

Smithsonian Institution Building - 150,388 « ou a 602,000 640,000

Arts and Industries Building — 162,89/ '* 77 0 42,000 5 73,000

Kenwick Gallery of Art. - 38,000 0 /

All other (National Air and Space Museum,

Freer Gallery of Art, 24th St., Anacostia

Neighborhood Museum, Oceanographic

Sorting Center, Silver Hill facility, Lamont 842,000 917,000 959,000

St., building 3, and minor sheds) 607,962 9Z a/ iui 149 000 1Z0|000 120,000

Rehabilitation projects - ! — —

T , 3,307,620 799 827 875 7,302,000 7,820,000 8,476,000

1 Excludes rehabilitation costs.

2 Initial operation only.

TOTAL BUDGET

Senator Bible. What else is there in the overall total budget besides salaries and expenses ? Is that your total budget, $28 99o 000

Dr. Ripley. No, sir. Our total budget requested for fiscal year 1970 includes salaries and expenses of $28 million

Senator Bible. What else ? .

Dr. Ripley. Public Law 480 money, $4,500,000.

Senator BiBLE.What is Public Law 480 for ?

Dr. Ripley. That is the excess currencies.

Senator Bible. You have another $4 million?

Dr. Ripley. $6,200,000 for the Hirshhorn Museum construction, nrst

Senator Bible. I am very familiar with that.

Dr. Ripley. $755,000 for restoration and renovations and $600,000 for the Zoo, to make a grand total requested ot $41,010,0UO.

Senatoi JBibiIe. That" includes the $755,000 for restoration and renovation ?

Dr. Ripley. Yes.

Senator Bible. What was that overall total figure«

Dr. Ripley. $41,010,000.

Senator Bible. How does that compare with the preceding fiscal

bU ]> e RrPLEY. Appropriated for fiscal year 1969 was $31,354,000.

FUNDS CARRIED OVER AND DEFERRED

Senator Bible. Was some of that frozen ?

Dr. Repley. Yes, sir.

Senator Bible. How much ?

Dr. Ripley. Our total share of Government reductions came as follows:

Budget authority: reduction was $6,351,000, including reductions made by the Congress.

Senator Bible. Has that been unfrozen up to this date ?

Dr. Ripley. Not that I am aware of.

Senator Bible. Do you have anybody here in the operation who would know I

Mr. Bradley. Sir, some funds have been carried over and deferred into future years and would be available for obligation in future years.

Senator Bible. Are they subject or available for obligation between now and July 1 ?

Mr. Bradley. No, sir.

Senator Bible. So they are still frozen for practical purposes.

Mr. Bradley. Yes.

Senator Bible. Is that $6 million out of the $31 million ?

Dr. Ripley. No sir. That was $6 million out of the original estimates to the Congress.

Senator Bible. I stand corrected. Did you have a carryover?

Effect on Carryover Funds

Mr. Bradley. Yes. In addition, Senator, there were about $3 million in carryover funds that also has been frozen.

Senator Bible. The carryover of $3 million was frozen in addition to the 6 million ?

Mr. Bradley. That is right.

Senator Bible. So you had, in effect, $9 million frozen, approximately.

Mr. Bradley. Yes, frozen plus cuts.

Senator Bible. Will that $3 million unfreeze between now and July 1?

Mr. Bradley. I don't think it can, Senator, but we certainly think it will come to us. It has not been rescinded, and we think we can get it back July 1.

Senator Bible. Between now and Julyl ?

Mr. Bradley. No, sir.

Senator Bible. I voted against that Act. I thought it was a poor Act. But I was in the minority in the freezing business.

INTRODUCTION OF ASSOCIATES

AH right, Doctor, your statement has been incorporated in full in the record. I would like to indicate to you I have 20 pages of questions. So that should pretty well probe your very fertile brain and those of the ones around you. So you don't need to take too long on your pre-

von have to say about them.

' ZE&Z&ZZZZSr* cant, you nave a *+ or

"gSfe I thought it would be^^tf.lSl^S this is our first appearance *« >^t as li. u^ ^ t() ^ some of my colleagues and associates, it m-'v,

troduce them. •„*.,„+ «<*.r«ta.rv Mr. Jameson, who is our

This is Mr. Bradley Assistant Secretarj ^ g ^

budg rt officer: Dr G^V^^^tS Mr- BBl-r, who is 2TS^«SMg^^-f ^. Warner, who is ^et^^e^n^«»o^ T ^^^-

FAVORABLE REACTIONS TO THE SMITHSONIAN

Senator Bibee. I agree with that ^^m T^ Sm^rin ,s

b a compliment to you and to your predecessor. Who was your predecessor? Dr. Ripley. Dr. Carmichael.

gsssra.^: a^« «Sf the beginning of im -

year. They have been 5 very happy years. I have had a «™™*

wmmmmm

a fascinating: job.

JOHN WESLEY FOWELL

Centennial of Exploration

T was rather interested to think that this spring we are going to cellmate the Set that 100 years ago in 1869 ^Wesley Powdl went clown the river which forms part of the boundary of your State

Senator Bible. I am very familiar with John Lesley ^well ano the many nne books written by him. I. don't mean personally. Don t misunderstand me. But I followed his histoi T nf+priloon w her«

While you are on that subject and this is a Fn%*ywM we aren't ffoinff to work too late, anyway, they have already issued a Ttanip in Semoration of the event and they are going to have i first-day issue on it up in Wyoming, where he started out,

We have a lost city in my State that he reached in the days that he probed the Colorado and went down the virgin Colorado, and, of course, now it is all covered by the water because of the building of the Hoover Dam.

So we are looking forward to the celebration involving this great explorer.

I didn't mean to interrupt you. Go ahead.

Appropriation for Powell's Collections

Dr. Ripley. No, I am delighted. I thought it was interesting that the Smithsonian contributed to Major Powell, "two rifles, two barometers." As a result of his collections, a congressional appropriation of $4,000 was made to the Smithsonian to take care of them. This was the first appropriation that we have had of this type. We had a small continuing appropriation beginning in 1852. But this was the first grant I know given to us by the Congress.

Senator Bible. That is an interesting historical highlight. I know the history of your Institution. I am a great supporter of it, and I have been.

So you can proceed to justify the amounts of money you want. I am for you. You don't need to convince me.

Dr. Ripley. I am quite sure that we can speak now to the issue of the justification.

DOUBLING OF SMITHSONIAN RESPONSIBILnTES

In this connection, I would like to point out that everything has just about doubled in the last 10 years, not only what we do, but also the number of buildings that we administer, authorized by the Congress and charged to our care, the numbers of acquisitions, the numbers of public visitors having gone up from 7 million to approximately 14 million visits a year.

Senator Bible. You had 14 million visitors there each year?

Dr. Ripley. We estimate in this coming year we will have 14 million.

DECREASE IN VISITS IN 19 66 AND 19 68

Senator Bible. How many did you have last year ?

Dr. Ripley. Last year we were considerably down because of the riots.

Senator Bible. We had lots of problems in Washington last year.

Dr. Ripley. We have a chart which shows, I think, the figure of where we stood last year. This is an interesting chart, Senator, because it correlates the growth in numbers of visitors with the growth in employment and appropriations.

This dotted line on the top shows the visitors.

Senator Bible. You have April 1968. It sure went down.

Dr. Ripley. In fiscal year I960, which was the year of the World's Fair, it also went down, the New York World's Fair. But it has been a continual progression all the way up.

Interestingly enough, we have had to match the positions, the numbers of people on board, remarkably closely. Of course, this is merely a curve. It doesn't represent more than just about 2,000 people. But we

have had to match that remarkably closely with this tremendous increase in visits.

UPSWING IN VISITS SINCE APRIL 19 6 8

Senator Bible. That is a very interesting study. Of course, the encouraging part of it, to my way of thinking-, is that from April 1%8 up to now you are showing an upswing. This is good because they are a lono- way from being out of the problems m the Nation's Capital, unfortunately, and I would think that it has had a very detrimental effect on people coming into Washington. I know it docs on my own people.

Dr. Ripley. It certainly has. , ,

Senator Bible. I am glad to see that at least it is starting an

upswing. . ,. „

How many visitors did you have the years when we weren't in all ot

this turmoil?

Dr. Ripley. This past year we had over 16 million.

Senator Bible. To date ?

Dr. Ripley. To June 30,1968.

Senator Bible. Is that a fact?

Dr. Ripley. 16 million—I don't mean, of course, since January.

Senator Bible. You are giving me a fiscal year, I would guess.

NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK AS PART OF THE SMITHSONIAN

Mr. Bradley. This includes the Zoo to the tune of over 4 million. The Zoo is part of the Smithsonian. . .

Senator Bible. You are kind of fudging a little on the statistics by doing that. I can give you the San Diego Zoo figures, and they will be way ahead of you.

Dr.'RiPLEY. We have over 4 million a year.

Senator Bible. That isn't what I would normally think was the proper function of the Smithsonian Institution. It has always perplexed me why that was under the management of the Smithsonian, but you don't need to go into it because I was on the D.C. Committee long' enough that I guess we were kind of glad money-wise that the Smithsonian did take part of it. But I just can't see, just thinking out loud, why the Zoo here is any different than the St. Louis Zoo or the San Diego Zoo or the San Francisco Zoo, why it has the need or does get all of this national support. All of these zoos are great attractions. There is no doubt about it.

THE NATIONAL ZOO

Dr. Ripley. We feel the Zoo is the national zoo here. We started it. My predecessor started it as a conservation-education program.

Senator Bible. You have the same kind of polar bears here as you have out in San Diego.

Dr. Ripley. We have a number of unique animals. I have Dr. Reed, the director of the Zoo, here this afternoon.

Senator Bible. I am scared to get acquainted with him. He invited me out there to have some of that buffalo meat or rattlesnake meat, or something.

Dr. Ripley. Unfortunately, due to the regulations of the Comptroller's office, we had to lose that very fine restaurant facility, because it was on an open-bid basis. They lost out. So we don't have the rattlesnake and buffalo meat anymore.

Senator Bible. As far as I am concerned, I didn't lose very much, but others might have liked it.

Now let's get down to business. We have just been kind of touching the edges.

I am all for zoos, but I still have my doubts in that area insofar as where it is placed. I don't care who founded it and made it a national zoo. I don't see why that is any more of a national zoo than the great San Francisco Zoo. I will come out and talk to the zoo master some day while conversing with my kinfolk out there. We will see what the comparisons are.

Dr. Ripley. I would be very glad to write you a letter.

Senator Bible. No, I don't need for you to write me a letter. I receive enough letters. All I want to do is come out and visit you some day, and you tell me what you have that San Diego doesn't have.

Dr. Ripley. That is a bet. We will produce something, too.

significant recent acquisitions Tanzanite

I brought along a couple of significant recent acquisitions. I am going to bother you for 1 more minute with this, which is the 122-carat Tanzanite which we purchased out of a private endowed fund that we have for the purpose of purchasing gems. It is a new gem. We bought it for $6,000. It has now gone up to $40,000 in value. It is the largest known example of Tanzanite in the world.

It comes from Tanzania in Africa. It is pretty exciting.

Senator Bible. I wouldn't want my wife to see it.

Meteorite

Dr. Ripley. This other specimen I brought along because it fell in February in Mexico. It is one of the most recently discovered meteorites that has ever been found within 4 days of its reaching the earth. It was under test in Houston in the laboratory for the rare elements which are in meteorites, which normally disappear because their life is so short. This has been one of the most remarkable finds.

Senator Bible. I could spend a delightful whole afternoon with you. I am going to do it sometime as soon as we finish these budget figures.

security for the collections

I know a little bit about the gems myself. I come from a State that has many. We have fine opals and other gems. We don't have diamonds and Tanzanite, but we have many jewels. I think they make a wonderful, wonderful display, and you are to be complimented on it. I hope you take adequate security measures so that you don't wake up some day to find out they have taken the whole floor away from you.

Dr. Ripley. If we had more guards, we would be happier.

Senator Bible. How many losses have you had '.

Dr. Ripley. We have lost about—we are about 150 positions short. Senator Bible. I don't mean positions. I mean jewels.

INSTANCES OF VANDALISM

Dr. Ripley. We have not lost any notable jewels, but we have had about 240 cases of vandalism in this past year. This is very serious, because our assets are in the hundreds of millions. Of course, people don't give us things to have them vandalized.

Senator Bible. I understand. This business of protecting is pretty hard to do. I guess all the great museums have suffered thievery over the world, haven't they '.

Dr. Ripley. They certainly have. We have been very lucky. In fact, I will knock on some wood at this point because we have been lucky so far.

HIRSHHORN CONSTRUCTION

Looking at highlights of our request, I find that we have these figures:

' An increase of $4,855,000 which we are asking for to continue work on construction, restoration, and renovation projects previously authorized and partially funded by the Congress. As we have already summarized, the bulk of this amount is for the Hirshhorn Museum.

Senator Bible. I am very familiar with the Hirshhorn because I handled the whole bill here in the Congress, the Hirshhorn Memorial. I am very familiar with it.

Have you moved the Pathological Museum to Walter Reed ?

Dr. Ripley. Yes.

Senator Bible. That has been actually accomplished ?

Mr. Ripley. We have started that. We have asked for $-200,000 in our budget to accomplish that move.

Senator Bible. I handled the whole bill, both authorizing the money. So you don't need to labor on Hirshhorn. I am for it now and was then.

SPECLVL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM

Dr. Ripley. We have an increased request for our foreign currency program of $2,184,000. As you know, Senator, this uses excess foreign currencies held in a number of countries abroad. We use this essentially to support American universities, and they are particularly keen on our doing this because it is a way in which we can give them support in these times of a good deal of stress. Universities are suffering considerably from the decline in research funds in hard dollars. We feel that we have a very important task in promoting use of some of these soft currencies.

Senator Bible. That amount is $2,184,000 \

Dr. Ripley. That is correct.

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

In addition, we are asking for $2,617,000 in salaries and expenses. This is on an estimated fiscal year 1969 base of $26,338,000, which includes an anticipated supplemental for pay raises. That is a 10-percent increase for only the highest priority needs. Approximately 80

percent of this is for costs which are substantially nondiscretionary if we are going to maintain our public services.

NECESSARY PAY COSTS

This increase includes necessary pay costs which cannot be absorbed, $647,000, which is directed partially at annualization of Wage Board pay increases for 529 wage employees.

Senator Bible. Those are mandatory, aren't they ?

Dr. Eipley. Yes, they are.

Senator Bible. I understand you must get the money. But you have no discretion?

Dr. Klpley. No, sir.

In addition, we have made a very careful analysis of every single staff person in the entire Institution and estimated which ones may depart from us this year and which ones will require periodic step increases. And out of that, we have come with as close a figure as we can possibly get And I may say the Budget Bureau agrees with us on these periodic within-grade increases. In addition, the request includes the reclassification of guard positions in response to revised Civil Service Commission standards. These are relatively mandatory also.

These increases will enhance our recruitment and retention of people whom we must keep. When we are put under the kind of straitening circumstance that we have now when we tend to know that if we let anybody go, we have only a 70-percent chance of replacing that person, as it were, we tend to keep some people at the lowest levels of guards and maintenance personnel whom we really don't want to keep but we don't dare let them go. This means that we suffer from some inefficiency as a result.

PROTECTION and maintenance of building spaces

For protection and maintenance of our additional building space, which keeps coming in every year normally, we would require an increase of $340,000. This refers to buildings which are already authorized and approved by the Congress for public use.

FINE ARTS AND PORTRAIT GALLERY

Senator Bible. I see you mentioned a Fine Arts and Portrait Gallery building. Where is that ?

Dr. Ripley. That is the former U.S. Patent Office, later the Civil Service Commission at F and Eighth Streets N.W., Washington, D.C.

Senator Bible. I know where it is.

JURISDICTION OVER THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART

Is the National Gallery of Art under your jurisdiction at all '.

Dr. Ripley. It is a bureau of the Smithsonian, but it comes in for its own separate budget. They operate under a separate budget.

Senator Bible. What jurisdiction do you have over it?

Dr. Ripley. My jurisdiction essentially is a personal one of being a trustee, and we receive their annual report each year—the regents

receive it, and it is printed in the Annual Report of the Smithsonian. Senator Bible. But they have their own independent—— Dr. Ripley. They have their own independent staff, their own

independent director.

NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS

Senator Bible. What would I see in the Fine Arts and Portrait Galleries building that I wouldn't see down at the ^ ational Gal ery ot Art.

Dr Ripley! Senator, when the name "National Gallery" was given to Mr. Mellon's collection in 1938, the old original national collections were rechristened the "National Collection of Fine Arts, lhat is what they are. • • . . ,, ,

Congress at that time wisely and very specifically authorized that gallery to collect and interpret the history of American art and even to give scholarships and award premiums and stimulate young, con-temporarv American artists.

Unfortunatelv, no budget ever appeared for the contemporary artists, and we now have the Endowment of the Arts, which is separate.

Senator Bible. We wrestled with that one here. We have always had the problem with that one. , .

Dr. Ripley. But there was the specification in the original congressional act authorizing that it should, in fact, do this to stimulate and encourage American art.

national portrait gallery

Now, the Portrait Gallerv, which was authorized in 1962, is essentially a history museum'. That is to delineate Americans of all types. , _. .,. . ,

Senator Bible. Don't you do that now down at the Smithsonian?

Dr. Ripley. No, we had never been specifically authorized to do it before. So these are two bureaus, one old and one new. And, as a result of Congress's desire to save that historic building and not to make it into a parking lot in 1962, we have spent funds to renovate and restore the building. We opened the Fine Arts collection officially in May of last year, 1968, and the Portrait Gallery in October.

So now both are open. As a result, both will require some more public service facilities, protection, maintenance, and guard services, as well as utilities and communications.

other program requests

We also have increases of about $1,135,000 which are requests for the preparations of the Hirshhorn art collection for display, for the development of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, relocating the Radiation Biology Laboratory in adequate quarters, the continuation of the Anacostia Neighborhood Museum, technical assistance programs under the National Museum Act, and preparations for the celebration of the Bicentennial of the American Revolution.

AMERICAN REVOLUTION BICENTENNIAL

Senator Bible. How much did you ask for that, because I see we have that item coming up before us within the next day or two before tins committee for the money to fund the Commission on the Celebration.

Dr. ErPLET. I will tell you in just a moment, sir.

One position and $50,000. . This is a program which the Smithsonian feels we are capable and indeed authorized by tradition to perform.

Senator Bible. I don't question the propriety of it. I just want to be sure that we are not overlapping and giving a number of commissions or agencies money to all be doing roughly the same thing

Dr. Err-LEY. Fortunately, I sit on the Bicentennial Commission.

Senator Bible. We will hear that budget here in the next few days.

Dr. KrpLEY. So I have an opportunity to be in liaison with them and to know exactly what they are doing—they know exactly what we are domg. J

I also sit on the Federal Council for the Arts and Humanities, and under the legislation one of their charges is to prepare appropriate plans ior the observance of the Bicentennial.

Senator Bible. You may proceed.

BALANCE OF REQUESTED INCREASES

Dr. Elpley In addition, maintenance of exhibits, school tours and higher educational activities, development of automated collection information systems, the strengthening of our library system and publications, conservation of objects of art in history, and the preparation of museum presentations. l l

Research

The balance of our increase is $495,000. This is for research where the national needs appear to be greatest. These seem to be to us in

Zn^T^ ' ma T e and tr0p l cal hiolo %y> m space science, in ethnic cultural history, and urgent anthropological investigations, including those of the rapidly disappearing subcultures, such as that of the American Indian.

Handbook of the American Indian

I recall, dbook o since 1911.

^T^w 111 !^ 1 *' , S( : nat A or > that ^ are charged with the production iqi'i ° f the Amencan Indian," which has not been revised

Information Dissemination and Research Support

And finally information dissemination and exchange, which is one ot our mandates, as well as research support activities.

This is in sum the "Salaries and Expenses" request we are making

RENWICK GALLERY OF ART

For restoration and renovation of existing building we are

roi lestouuRi before. This includes amounts for the

ISf col^leti ?kTo^t"of of the building which is next to Blair Jh£> in !he executive quarter of the city on Pennsylvania Avenue, the former Corcoran Gallery of Art. . , ttu;_ TTrmcoi?

Smator Bible. Who has jurisdiction over the Blair House?

Dr Rlpley. The President's Office. It comes under the White

H S is the building next to it. It was the U.S. Court of Claims for many years! It was designed as an art gallery for the Corcoran in 1866, a ml we now call it the "Renwick Gallery.

RADIATION BIOLOGY LABORATORY

We wish then, to relocate the Radiation Biology Laboratory and toTmpi'ove storage and laboratory space for our Tropical Institute in the Panama Oanal. .

Senator Bible. Where are you going to relocate it A

Dr Rifle? The relocation of the Radiation Biology Laboratory wiS be fr^mihe -liars of the old Smithsonian Institution bmWmg, which is being renovated now, out to a nearby site in Man land, « uicn has already been picked out. .

Senator Bible. How much is that going to cost

f£ Ripley $300,000 in the fiscal year 1070. This is an enormously hu^SSi^'We are unique'in the nation .m *m****** measurements, and unless we can move, we are going to lose stall, we are going to lose important experiments, and we are going to lose

9011111)11 RADIATION BIOLOGY RESEARCH PROGRAM

Senator Bible. What do you do in your radiation labs that they d,>n^ dorn the radiation labsunder the jurisdiction of Atomic Energy

C °Dr"S I would be very glad to hare Dr. Galler speak to that.

Dr Gvllfr. Mr?Chairman, most of the research that goes on m the Radiatio^Bmlo^ Laboratory at the Smithsonian Institution is con-Srned^th nonionizing radio biology, solar rac W^^ measurements and effect of the suns rays on living processes, espe dally plant processes, photosynthesis.

Senator Bible. You don't get into fallout i

Radiocarbon-Dating Laboratory Dr Galler No, sir. We do have a radiocarbon-dating >bora-torv^haU^concemed primarily with dating objects using radioactive

^Jdertls such as C 14 .But we are not in an Atomic Energy Commission oriented laboratory for studying radiation.

UNIQUE RESEARCH PROGRAM

Senator Bible. Let me ask the question in a little different context. Ai^ therepother Federal agencies that do work m radiation biology similar to the work that you do ?

Dr. Galler. Yes, sir. The U.S. Department of Agriculture is engaged in more or less the applied aspects of radiobiology, nonionizing radiobiology, and, indeed, we work very closely with the USDA. But with the exception of the USDA—and, as I say, they are not really engaged in the very fundamental kind of research that we are in—we are unique.

We are also unique in another sense, Mr. Chairman, in the sense that we also are engaged in very fundamental measurements of changing levels of sunlight and the various spectral portions of that sunlight in relation to changing densities of the atmosphere. This is a role that the Institution has engaged in historically. We provide fundamental data to laboratories, including the USDA, throughout the country and throughout the world.

Senator Bible. You do such things as study the effect of the sun's rays on the skin that causes skin cancers ?

Dr. Galler. No, sir.

Senator Bible. That is medical ?

Dr. Galler. Yes, sir, that is medical.

Senator Bible. Thank you.

SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE

You are now in the Tropical Research Institute and in the inhospitable climate of the Canal Zone ?

Dr. Ripley. That is right, sir.

We wish to improve our storage and laboratory space there,

Senator Bible. What are you doing way down there ?

Dr. Ripley. We have been managing a Canal Zone institute for biological research and tropical biology since the 1920's. Actually, we took over the sole responsibility of this laboratory about the time of World War II.

We run the Institute for purposes of conducting our own research in the field in tropical biology and also act as host for visiting researchers, who pay their way. They pay a small charge.

It is the unique tropical biology laboratory.

Senator Bible, Why is that a proper function of an institution such as the Smithsonian ?

Research on the Frontiers of Natural Science

Dr. Ripley. It comes under our biological research. You know, Senator, very well I am sure, that although we have kind of an iceberg-like facade here in the matter of museum buildings, the buildings are beehives of scientists conducting research of various sorts in our collections.

In connection with working in the tropics, we are performing really frontier kinds of activities, the same sorts of things that we used to do in the 1870's at the time of Powell, when we were going out through the West.

This has always been one of our special missions, really, to perform in the frontiers in natural history. And in this particular connection, I think that our work in the Panama Canal is going to be intimately related to the study of whether or not a sea-level canal should be put throueii.

Senator Bible. Who else does this same type of thing? What I am trvin- to get out of government, it is an impossible task, is the tremendous overlaps of agencies that do the same thing.

Dr. Ripley. No other agency does this.

Senator Bible. You may proceed.

DEFERRALS OF INCREASES

Dr. Ripley. This sums up, really, our work for which we are recme^tin^ increases for this year. ,

In ei"ht bureaus of the Smithsonian we have deferred and asked for no increase whatsoever, and we are deferring renovation and construction work on the Arts and Industries Building, the Museum of Natural History, and the Freer Gallery. We have set aside items to defei in fiscal year 1970 in excess of $4 million. ^ hen we came to the Budget Bureau this year, we found oyer a period of months or so that our requested increases are the minimal to fullfill our public sei \ -ice function.

AVAILABILITY OF OTHER FUNDS

Senator Bible. What funds are available to the Smithsonian other than those that are contained in the Appropriation Act!

Mr Ripley. We have grants and gifts which we receive from agencies and foundations, which we seek in order to maintain the high level of our research work. tw+™. V™t

Senator Bible. I want you to supply it for the record, Doctoi, but

what do they total? . , c f - 1o ,i

Dr Ripley. I would say the total grants, in fiscal year 1968, totaled $4,900,000: contracts totaled $5,830,000. So the total of those two figures is over $10 million.

(The information follows:)

Grants to the Smithsonian Institution. Fiscal Year 196S

Granting Agency Actual amount

Department of Defense: «.«,.-> fi(K)

Ecology of tropical delta forest *--' s1; ,

Miscellaneous " ^ ^

Total, Department of Defense 42 ^ 41 :'

National Aeronautics and Space Administration :

Satellite tracking program *■ «■» •

Recovery of meteorites mv.ikv

Total, National Aeronautics and Space Administration 4, 647, 204

National Science Foundation: ^ ana

Systematic study—Antarctic biology g. <*"

Undergraduate research program -*< «j™

Miscellaneous small grants ~ A - y*

Total, National Science Foundation 90. ° 74

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare :

Postdoctoral in education **> £"

Pit vipers of the world "" uo

Total. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare 45,117

09 240 Miscellaneous grants o-^^u

Total Grants, fiscal year 1968 4, 907. 548

Contracts to the Smithsonial Innutrition, Fiscal Year 1968

ChranUng Agency . , .... , . Actual amount

National .\< ronautie and Space Administration :

Historical artifacts $j^ 672

Interdisciplinary communications "~~~~~~" 145 386

Argon measurements on lunar material. __ZZ loo'non

Analysis of lunar samples " 61 ooo

Mineralogic investigation of lunar samplesZ_Z_ I __Z___ 44 ooo

Badio meteor researdi a«w*nXri

cope -___"' I 2m 2r-

Miscellaneous ZZ-ZZZZZZZZZZZZ a&sS

Total, National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1,700, 07$

Department of Defense:

Development of NCBr-315 and :;04 < r ( .,.,

Migratory birds irj northeast Africa __ 75 000

Pacific birds program 318 460

Mosquitoes in southeast Asia Z__Z__ZZ 189

Disease In overseas areas ZZ__Z__ " 177040

Mammalian ectoparasites in Venezuela Z ZZZ~ZZ_" 174!560

Miscellaneous Z Z^ 176 880

Total, Department of Defense ] 207 740

Atomic Energy Commission :

Properties of pnycobiliprotein 27 13£

Radiation and plant metabolism Z_Z 22' 478

Total, Atomic Energy Commission 4<) gjja

Department of Interior Miscellaneous gc 504

National Science Foundation :

Sorting and recording of collections from t;>;.a.r.p 123 104

Science information exchange 2 350 000

Miscellaneous Z Z _Z~ ' 18

Total, National Science Foundation 2,494 014

National Capital Region: Summer In the Park-- 100 qqq

Miscellaneous ZZZ 210' 077

Total Contracts, fiscal year 1968 o~830~7o9

BEXEFICIAKy OP ENDOWMENTS

Senator Bible. Are you the beneficiary of many endowments that are left by extremely wealthy people, or are you remembered in ' of people who die and leave big estates ?

Dr. Ripley, Very seldom. Unfortunately, wre don't have any alumni. We have only the occasional beqnest or gift.

However, our present investments which are the result of these sorts of gifts have a market value of about $32 million, as I recall.

Senator Bible. A few people remembered you.

Coixzczxon of O'hables La:ng Fbeeb

Dr. Ripley. Half of that endowment comes from the will of Charles Lang Freer, who left us the collection in the Freer Galler

half is made up of bequests, gifts, variou _ jJf j

•j.-', 758— m— pt. 1-

Encouragement of Donors

I feel very strongly, as I am sure the Senator does, too, that we should encourage this kind of thing.

Senator Bible. I agree 100 percent with you.

Dr. Ripley. The butter gets thinner every year.

Senator Bible. An awful lot are competing lor that butter. It you are a graduate of any of these universities, you get a letter every month for either your mother's club or your father's club or your son s club or the endowment, or they will name a building after you it you give $100,000, and they will name two buildings after you it you give them a half a million dollars. m '_

I don't say it is bad. I just say you have got to have a lot of money to withstand the various drives that are on And VTn'l f 1! v children, all of whom, unfortunately, went to different schools-, f they had all gone to the same school, I could have narrowed it down a bit and just have one at my doorstep all the time.

Hll.LWOOD

Dr Ripley. We did receive the gift of Mrs. Marjorie Merriweather Post's estate here, Hillwood. On her death there will be a bequest which wUl be administered for the benefit of the estate, so it will not cost the Taxpayers any money at all. This is quite clear m the setting up ot her

"seStoBmuB. That is going to take care of the operation and maintenance?

Dr. Ripley. Yes, Senator.

Senator Bible. That will be refreshing.

Dr. Ripley. That is the sort of agreement we like.

PERSONNEL and salapjes

Senator Bible. I notice you propose an increase of 119 positions over the number that were authorized m fiscal year 1969. In view ot these limitations which you have already testified to, would you be able to employ those if they are allowed?

Dr. Ripley. We are requesting pay increases and positions also, yes.

Senator Bible. 119 positions, if I am well advised.

Dr Ripley. W T e have lost 135 positions due to the fact that we had vacancies in effect when the Act came through on July 1. In addition, we lost all the new positions.

Senator Bible. How many people do you have there now l

Dr. Ripley. We have about 1,813—a little over 1,800 at the present

time. . _

Senator Bible. Total employed by the Smithsonian* Dr. Ripley. Yes, permanent. .

Senator Bible. That includes your Canal Zone, tropical research,

and everything?

Dr. Ripley. That includes everything.

Personnel Basis foe 1970 Budget

Senator Bible. I can't quite understand why you are asking for new positions now if you are allowed increases in 1969 which you can't use because $9 million was frozen.

Dr. Ripley. I would like to ask Mr. Bradley to speak to that.

Mr. Bradley. Mr. Chairman, if I may, our budget is put up on precisely the same personnel basis as the rest of the budgets that have been coming before you.

Senator Bible. I ask every budget officer precisely the same question, too, and I don't see any sense in giving you new positions when you have got x number of them frozen. So you go ahead and justify yourself. I ask everybody the same question.

Air. Bradley. In the current fiscal year we have frozen, so to speak, over 150 positions. We were instructed to include the positions since the positions technically have not been taken from us. Those positions have been authorized by the Congress, and they are still there. But the money is not going to be there for them.

Senator Bible. You don't have anybody in that position ?

Mr. Bradley. Right, we don't have anybody in those positions. We were instructed by the Bureau of the Budget to build the budget now before you, for 1970, on 1969 as if the Revenue and Expenditure Control Act is not going to be the law of the land after July 1. If the law persists, then we shall be unable to fill the positions that we are Justify ing.

Senator Bible. Very good.

CONTEMPLATED REPEAL

Mr. Bradley. But the Budget message contemplates that that Act will be repealed.

REOPENING OF BUILDINGS

Senator Bible. What if you were unfrozen, so to speak, how many positions would it unfreeze? I am talking about fiscal year 1969.

Dr. Ripley. At the present time it would unfreeze approximately 150. Am I right?

Mr. Bradley. Yes, sir.

Senator Bible. If they were unfrozen by July 1, that would mean you would have 150 more positions to apply for.

Dr. Ripley. Yes, sir.

Senator Bible. Then would you be in a position to rescind your part-time closing orders?

Dr. Ripley. Yes.

Senator Bible. Your part-time closing orders were directly related to the freeze ?

mandatory pay increases

Dr. Ripley. Our personnel problems, yes.

Senator Bible. You have already commented on the reason for your increase to meet the pay costs.

Dr. Ripley. Yes, sir.

Senator Bible. Mainly most of which have been because of mandatory requirements. Is that a correct statement?

Dr. Ripley. That is correct, sir.

MUSEUM ASSISTANCE NEEDS

Senator Bible. In the Office of the Director General of Museums, you ask for two more employees. How many does the Director General of Museums have now '.

Dr. Ripley. At the present time there is a base of five, and we are asking for two more persons to make an estimated total of seven.

Senator Bible. Why does he need seven ?

Dr. Ripley. The Director General of Museums is in charge of the requests from museums, community groups and colleges for assistance in developing and reorganizing museums, planning educational exhibits, solving conservation problems, and training museum personnel.

Last year, total requests came to 5,000 from almost every state. We have a most extraordinary demand, sir, for acting as if indeed we knew all about museums of every category.

REIMBURSEMENT OF EXPENSES

Senator Bible. Isn't there some way that when they ask that service from you, whatever State you want to select has a museum and they want your expertise, can't you say, "Well, if you reimburse us on a per diem, our travel expenses, we will send Secretarv Ripley out to you"?

Dr. Ripley. I wish that I had that amount of time and money. We have attempted to place this into such a format under the National Museum Act. Up to this time we have not received any funds. But we have had to raise some money and apply a small budget out of "Salary and Expenses."

travel funds

Senator Bible. I note that you propose to increase your travel budget by 2i/o times.

Dr. Ripley. For this service ?

Senator Bible. The travel request for the Director General of Museums, increases from $2,000 to $5,000.

Dr. Ripley. Funds for travel of $3,000. It is an increase of $3,000.

Senator Bible. So you get up to $5,000, which is 2fyg times

Dr. Ripley. Yes, Q,y 2 times what it was before. That is right.

Senator Bible. That means you are asking that much more so that these new men whom you are putting on can travel more. Is that what you are saying?

Dr. Ripley. I think essentially the Director and his staff have to do some traveling if they keep up with this kind of work.

DELAYED SERVICES OWING TO GREATER PRIORITIES

Senator Bible. I think they have to if priorities that—we have Vietnam. We have education. We have so many things. But it seems to me quite frequently that some of these people from the far and wide who are requesting the expertise—and I am sure you have it—you could say, "Well, we would be delighted to do it, but we have got to wait until we get our budget in a little closer balance."

Dr. Ripley. We have already taken out more than half of the kinds of budgets we need this year.

Senator Bible. I am talking- about this one particular item of travel.

Dr. Ripley. This is one which falls into the area of what we think is a real need. We get about 5,000 requests a year from museums all over the country for help, and if we continually say, "I am sorry, but there is a war going on in Vietnam and there is nothing we can do about it until the war is over"

Senator Bible. What is wrong with saying that?

Dr. Ripley. This is what we have been doing in regard to more than half our requests.

Senator Bible. It seems to me it is more important to get this war over than it is for you to send some of your experts out to help set up a museum. I think you are saying there is a need there, but I think that it is a need that prioritywise isn't quite as high. That is all I am saying, because you have got all the rest of these things that you have to do.

TRAINING OF MUSEUM TECHNICIANS

I note a reference in the material regarding the Office of Exhibits to the training of museum technicians, which is apparently for other museums in the United States.

How many of these technicians do you train during the course of the year?

Dr. Ripley. I will have to give an answer in writing.

Senator Bible. It can be supplied for the record.

(The information follows:)

In fiscal year 196S, the Smithsonian Institution contributed to the training of 26 exhibits technicians. Twenty-two of these individuals were from the United States and four from foreign countries—Australia, Nepal, Denmark, and India. In fiscal year 1969, there was a sharp increase in requests from foreign museums for training personnel in our facilities. We had 14 trainees from 12 countries— Venezuela, Mozambique, Thailand, Australia, Vietnam, Tunisia, Colombia, England, Sweden, India, Iraq, and Kenya. Trainees from the United States totaled six, although we anticipate starting an additional eight or ten in June. This will run through the summer and will be accredited toward the students' college records.

Most of our trainees come for a period of several weeks and want training in general exhibits techniques, but spend some extra time on their speciality, be it taxidermy, modelmaking, or design.

refurbishing air and space exhibits

Senator Bible. You are also suggesting the refurbishing of your air and space exhibits, which, incidentally, are of the highest order.

What is your estimated total cost of the project?

Dr. Ripley. We are requesting an addition of $45,000 in that connection in 1970. I would say that one of our main problems is that we receive remarkable objects from NASA by an agreement we have with them. We need funds for the preservation and exhibition of these objects. NASA originally gave us a grant for the first year to get the program going, to be in effect the national recipient of these objects. Now it is up to us to carry on and treat the objects the way we believe they deserve.

Senator Bible. This is the one that is located on Independence Avenue?

Dr. Ripley. This is our rather shabby little museum located on Independence Avenue.

Senator Bible. What is the total cost of doing the job?

Dr. Ripley. We need $40,000 more in 1970 tor the conservation or preservation of these objects. We are asking for money for a museum specialist and a technician to restore and preserve them. That is $18,000.

Senator Bible. What is the total cost of doing that?

Dr. Ripley. $40,000.

Senator Bible. That is in this budget \

Dr. Ripley. Yes, sir.

ANACOSTIA NEIGHBORHOOD MUSEUM

Senator Bible. Do you have other exhibits similar to the Anacosi La Neighborhood Museum which have been prepared by your Institution during the past 2 years ?

Dr. Ripley. We administer only the Anacostia Neighborhood Museum.

Senator Bible. So the answer is you have not prepared any other exhibits?

Dr. Ripley. No, we wish we could, but we don't have the money for it.

Senator Bible. I understand.

Dr. Ripley. There is a war on in Vietnam, I understand.

ETHNIC CULTURAL HISTORY

Senator Bible. You bet. You know there is. There is no question about that.

You propose an increase in ethnic cultural history work in the Museum of History and Technology. I will appreciate your explanation of what is planned along this line, for which you ask two additional positions.

Dr. Ripley. We feel that although we have rather important collections in our museums, both in the Museum of History and Technology and in the Museum of Natural History, related to "ethnic minorities'" in this country, wo have done far too little to single out and describe the kinds of things that they have done in inventions, in intellectual achievements, and in technology. We have made a start with regard to the study of the culture of Spanish-America, particularly in the Southwest. To do further justice to this need, we feel that we should strengthen our staff.

Senator Bible. How large a staff do you have now '.

Dr. Ripley. We need two positions. Our present staff in total in the Museum of History and Technology is 154.

Senator Bible. How many are doing this ethnic cultural history work now \

Mr. Blitzer. Mr. Chairman, the professional scholarly staff of the museum consists of about 47 curators. So far as I know, only one is really trained to do this. He works on Spanish-American cultural history.

Senator Bible. Your total strength in the Museum of History and Technology is what again \

Mr. Blitzer. 154.

NUMBER OF FROZEN POSITIONS

Senator Bible. How many positions were frozen as the result of the freeze order within that museum, and again I think that is a very outstanding museum. This is the new building, isn't it?

Dr. Eipley. Yes. I think we may not have the figures. We may have to supply them on the unit percentage of figures that wer^ frozen.

Senator Bible. I don't know that you have to break them down that line. Obviously, you have many functions that I think are more important than that. Maybe the overall freeze figure for the District of Columbia, this—let me rephrase my question.

Of the Smithsonian employees, how many are employed in the District of Columbia? Roughly how many?

Dr. Ripley. We will have a breakdown very easily. That would be all of the total of 2,119 except 86 in the Astrophysical Observatory and the Tropical Research Institute.

Senator Bible. Are they the only two outside of the District of Columbia ?

Dr. Ripley. Yes.

Senator Bible. You are going to have approximately 1,700. That is close enough.

SALES COUNTERS

You have sales counters in the Museum of History and Technology and in the Natural History Museum. How are these operated, Doctor?

Dr. Ripley. These are entirely financed on a recurring basis out of private funds. We maintain inventory, and we order postcards and other objects and sell them and build up our inventory with the receipts.

Senator Bible. You make x dollars through the sales counters.

Dr. Ripley. Then we buy x objects.

Senator Bible. Into what account does it get? Does it get into the General Fund of the Treasury ?

Dr. Ripley. No, it is a rotating fund, a revolving fund using that money to buy the objects, which we then sell and then buy more objects, and so on.

Senator Bible. You don't buy something over and beyond the sales that go over the counters ?

Dr. Ripley. No. It is nonprofit making.

teaching activities of professional staff, museum of natural

HISTORY

Senator Bible. There is a statement in your justifications regarding the Museum of Natural History to the effect that staff members teach courses and train graduate students. Is this teaching done in t he Smithsonian Institution, or is it done in local schools?

Dr. Ripley. Both.

Senator Bible. What percentage, roughly?

Dr. Ripley. I am afraid I couldn't answer that directly. Mr. Blitzer I

Mr. Blitzer. I think if we were to conn! t he total teaching activities of the professional stall', I lie bulk of it would lie outside, but it would also be on their own time. The teaching on Smithsonian time is largely

Senai or Bible. Ninety percent. Is that a fair figure ? Mr. Blitzer. Yes.

Mr. Jameson. I think 90 percent is probably a fairly accurate dis-I ribution of external teaching.

LOAN OF SPACE ARTIFACTS

Senator Bible. That is all I want, an approximate idea.

On page B-22 of your justifications, yon state that space material lias been loaned to other governmental departments and to cities and Svatcs. When you make these loans, is there a rental charge?

Dr. Ripley. No. sir.

Senator Bible. "Who pays the cost of the shipping i

Dr. Ripley. It is usually done by the person who requests it.

Senator Bible. Do you have any idea what that amounted to in the last fiscal year of which you have a record ? I guess that is fiscal year L968.

Dr. Ripley. We will have to supply that for the record.

Senator Bible. If you would.

(The information follows:)

In accordance with the NASA-SI Artifacts Agreement of March 1967, a great number of specimens have been received, and many placed on short or long duration loan to appropriate organizations. No Federal funds have been expended in the shipping of these specimens. All shipments are made collect to the exhibitor and prepaid on return. Normally, insurance coverage is required in such loans, and this cost is borne by the exhibitor. In the case of Federal agencies, the insurance requirement is waived.

ANACOSTIA NEIGHBORHOOD MUSEUM

Senator Bible. You have an increase in your Anacostia Neighborhood Museum from some $25,000 to $65,000. What is the need for this much of an increase?

Dr. Ripley. We have to continue to make available to a very low-income inner-city area a museum whose objects, exhibits and related classes educate by stimulating interest and excitement. Approximately 75,000 persons have visited.' and have done so enthusiastically, and have used the Museum since its opening in fiscal year 1967. The continued availability of initial private support is unlikely, as the Museum assumes less of an experimental aspect.

The reason for this, Senator, is that the grants that we received originally from foundations are intepreted as seed money and the continuing grants that we can solicit and are actively soliciting from foundations are related to programs. It is much more difficult to develop the ordinary day-to-day running support of the museum from si might foundation sources.

If we could have an increase of four positions, this would provide for an exhibit specialist, a museum technician, a typist, and a maintenance employee.

ASSISTANCE FROM PRTVATE SOURCES

Senator Bible. I assume that other than the seed money, as you call it. you have had very little assistance from private sources for Anacostia.

Dr. Ripley. Yes; we have had good assistance from private sources.

Senator Bible. How much ?

Dr. Ripley. In fiscal year 1967, $39,000; in fiscal year 1968, $31,000; and our estimate for fiscal year 1969 is $92,000. I would call this very good.

Senator Bible. I think it is excellent. But maybe I misunderstood you. I thought you indicated that your private support was lessening.

Dr. Ripley. It tends to drop off now.

Senator Bible. The figures don't seem to sustain that.

Dr. Ripley. No, but we have had to really scrape the bottom of the barrel to get this. \Ve are anticipating a drop for next year unless we can develop programmatic support. We are actively soliciting this. We are just not estimating that we are going to get a very good response this coming year.

Senator Bible. I know, but last year, if I understood your figures correctly, you got $90,000.

Dr. Ripley. That is correct.

Senator Bible. It appears to me that that was excellent private support, as you would characterize it, I would hope now that you might possibly receive more Federal support that you would not lessen your activity in that direction.

Low Cost Traveling Exhibits

Dr. Ripley. I assure you we will not. We are very much interested m trying to develop low-cost exhibits which can travel, especially in minority histories. This will entirely have to come out of the foundation support, if we can find it.

Senator Bible. I don't believe you included any amount in your proposed increase that you have testified to earlier to cover pay increases. Is that correct?

Dr. Ripley. I thought we had, sir, but I would be very glad to go over the pay increases.

Senator Bible. I am advised that this, though it doesn't indicate it in the item that was given to me, is limited onlv to Anacostia.

Dr. Ripley. Our present increase includes, I am sure, the appropriate component for Aanacostia as well.

Mr. Bradley. Mr. Chairman, it was negligible. It was under $1,000, but the cost was not zero. When it was under $1,000, we didn't show the item.

JOSEPH H. HIRSHHORN MUSEUM AND SCULPTURE GARDEN

Senator Bible. Relative to the Hirshhorn and for the record, I wish you would supply a justification for the number of increased positions, their titles, and job descriptions.

(The information follows:)

The Joseph H. Hirshhorn Museum was established by law (PL SD-Tss) 0 n November 7, 1966. The Museum was started with three employees authorized in FY 10G8. To insure an orderly development of the Museum and to attain full operating strength by the time the new museum building is completed in late 1971, annual increases are required. The present staff of seven positions must be increased to thirteen during Fiscal Year 1970 by providing fin- following additional critical positions and to process the collection in \e\v York ('it v. preparatory to its future transfer to Washington, !>.('. :

l ul„,i„is,rator-to .pert* the atataietrattYe, budge., flscol, personnel ^ "SSSSStHS^S^XSS^ ente and contracts for art con-

V&SorilTSistant-far assisting the curator and maintaining catalogs ^ « eS ^ e v"S'mt-to prepare historical records on objects in the collection

vf.iff

JOSEPH H. IIIRSHHORN MUSEUM

Senator Bible. Will they be stationed in Washington or New York

C Dr Ripley. Mostly they will be in New York because most of the collection^"here, The main problem with the Hirshhorn is to try and oet the materials into position ready for the opening. This is a gradual ifoceS which we think will take up to the time of the opening. We are

SP SorB^LE. That is correct. I think you should.. When is that? Dr Eipley We expect to open in October 1971 which is very near. I stuM point out that in the Vast 2 years, since fiscal year 1 66 when lie o-ave the collection, Mr. Hirshhorn has expended $4 million in acquisition of more objects which we anticipate will join the museum.

Estimated Bequest Value

Senator Bible. That makes his total bequest run in the nature of what? I have forgotten the figure.

Dr Ripley. When we orginally received and went over the collection, we thought it was safe to say that it was worth no less than $25 million. But I told President Johnson that it would still be conservative to say that it might run at sales or auctions or thmgs ot this sort as much as $40 million. . .

Subsequent to that time he has added $4 million more in purchases.

Senator Bible. It appears to me, as I have previously indicated and I handled this bill legislativewise and moneywise, that this was an opportunity that shouldn't go by the board.

Lapse of Bequest

Is there any danger of his suggested bequest lapsing?

Dr. Ripley. There is in the formal agreement, Senator, the clause which savs that if we can't, in effect, produce the building by a certain date, 5 years from the close of 1968 or the close of 1973, that the gilt would revert. It was with that in mind that the Congress last year gave us the contract authorization.

Senator Bible. Where is the document that says that?

Dr. Ripley. That was, I think, incorporated in the formal agreement printed as a part of the legislative history of the original act authorizing the acquisition. . .

Mr. Bradley. Yes, that was included in the hearings on the original authorization that gave us authority to proceed with the building.

Senator Bible. But I should think there would be something from Mr. Hirshhorn also saying that if you don't accomplish all of this by such and such a date

Dr. Ripley. We have a legal document of gift which has a clause to this effect.

Senator Bible. That is what I am trying to get at. Who has that ?

Dr. Ripley. We have.

Senator Bible. The Smithsonian ?

Dr. Ripley. Yes, sir.

MOUNT HOPKINS OBSERVATORY, ARIZONA

Senator Bible. Is your Mount Hopkins Observatory completed, and in full operation?

Dr. Ripley. I don't think it is quite completed yet. But I would be glad to have Dr. Galler speak to that.

Dr. Galler. Improvements to the facility and instrumentation are being planned for this coming year. We hope that we will have the gamma ray apparatus functioning.

Senator Bible. First, where is that located ?

Dr. Galler. That is in Arizona, Mt. Hopkins.

Senator Bible. When will it be in full operation ?

Dr. Galler. We hope by next year.

Senator Bible. Full operation ?

Dr. Galler. Yes, sir.

number of astrophysical observing stations

Senator Bible. How many Smithsonian astrophysical observatory stations are there throughout the world ? Dr. Rtpley. Do you know, Dr. Galler ? There are about 12. Is that right ?

Dr. Galler. I think there are a few less than 12 right now. Senator Bible. Why don't you supply that for the record. (The information follows:)

The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory maintains a total of 14 stations throughout the world. The Observatory, including a Baker-Nunn station, is located in Cambridge, Mass. Eleven other Baker-Nunn stations are located in South Africa, Spain, Peru, Hawaii, Ethiopia, Brazil, Greece, India, North Argentina, South Argentina, and Mt. Hopkins, Ariz. The Prairie Network, which consists of a series of automated sky cameras for meteorite spotting, has its field headquarters in Lincoln, Nebr., and the Meteor Research Project is headquartered in Havana, 111.

Observing Stations

Senator Bible. Do you own them or are they under contract with the existing countries where they are located ?

Dr. Bradley. Mr. Chairman, in most cases we entered into agreements with universities so that we are there, you might say, by permit. We own the improvements 1ml we don't in most cases own the land. We put up the station, we put up the small camera shed, frequently some kind of living quarters for overnight accommodations—sometimes the men live in town and come out to the station. All of these improvements are at our expense but they are very pioneering and economical in character.

S58

TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE STAFF

Senator Bible. You have previously testified, Doctor—about the the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and you are proposing an addition of seven personnel. What is your present strength?

Dr. Ripley. Twenty-three.

Senator Bible. You want seven more ?

Dr. Ripley. Yes, sir.

Senator Bible. Furnish for the record a job specification of what they do.

Do any of the 23 come under the freeze ?

Dr. Ripley. I am not sure. I would have to find that.

Senator Bible. Supply that for the record, also.

Dr. Ripley. Yes, sir.

Senator Bible. Last year this committee directed within the funds appropriated an administrator for the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Has that been done ?

Dr. Ripley. Yes.

Senator Bible. What is his name ?

Dr. Ripley. Mr. Edward Kohn. He is at the Institute.

Senator Bible. He is right at the Institute?

Dr. Ripley. Yes.

(The information follows:)

The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute has 23 full-time permanent positions. All 23 positions are currently filled so they do not have any vacancies as a result of the Revenue and Expenditure Control Act. The current staff consists of 6 administrative (Director, Assistant Director, and secretarial staff), 11 scientific (1 biologist, 1 botanist, 4 zoologists, and 5 wildlife technicians). The scientists perform basic biological research in the tropics with emphasis on better understanding and beneficial control of environmental forces bearing on problems such an conservation, food resources, and pollution. Among other duties, the technicians maintain the animals being used in the experiments and patrol the island to stop poaching and vandalism. The staff also includes 6 island management personnel (Island manager, foreman, launch operators and maintenance personnel) who provide for the care and maintenance of the Island's facilities.

CANAL ZONE MEDICAL EXPENSES AND TUITION

Senator Bible. What are the contract benefits required by Canal Zone law which will cost, as I understand, $11,000 per year ?

Dr. Ripley. Mr. Bradley, do you know about that, or Mr. Jameson ? I am not sure about it.

Senator Bible. That can be supplied for the record.

Mr. Bradley. We can tell you that those expenses are for dependents' tuitions and health benefits as provided by the civil service system that prevails in the Canal Zone.

Senator Bible. They go to Canal Zone schools. You don't need to dig that one out because that makes sense. If they are taking advantage of the school system in the Canal Zone, they should contribute something toward the schooling. Is that what you are telling me?

Mr. Bradley. Yes, Mr. Chairman.

Senator Bible. That is for the total of $11,000.

Mr. Bradley. Yes, sir.

(The information follows:)

The United States Government through the Canal Zone Government runs the schools and hospitals in the Canal Zone for all employees who work for the United States Government in the Zone, both United States citizens and others.

According to Canal Zone laws, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute must pay the medical expenses of all employees and their dependents receiving medical attention at Canal Zone hospitals and infirmaries.

The Institute is also responsible for the tuition expenses at Canal Zone schools for the children of the employees who are legal residents of the Canal Zone. The school expenses for the entire school system are calculated and then prorated back to each agency in proportion to the number of children that agency's personnel currently has in the school system. If there is a pay raise for the teachers, the increased rate is pro-rated accordingly.

COST TO OPERATE BARRO COLORADO ISLAND, PANAMA CANAL

Senator Bible. How much docs it cost the Smithsonian to operate Barro Colorado Island ?

Dr. Ripley. The island itself? We do have a breakdown. We would be happy to tell you, Mr. Chairman, on the island itself, we estimate for fiscal year 1970 it will cost

Senator Bible. Xo. 1, I had better find out what Barro Colorado Island is.

Dr. Ripley. It is a small island in the middle of Gatun Lake which is the lake made by the creation of the dams in the Panama Canal. The island is about 3,600 acres as I remember. Our establishment there we estimate for fiscal year 1970 will cost $171,000. That is the base cam]) where the original setup was made. We have adjacent lands besides and we have marinelands, marine stations given to us by the Navy. On the adjacent lands our administrative expenses will be $158,000, for the marine work, $139,000.

I wish you would come down sometime and see that installation. It is one of the most interesting ones maintained by any American institution in the tropics.

Senator Bible. If I had been aware of this at the time I was in the Canal Zone I would have dropped by to see you. But I have not been in the Canal Zone for a few years. I have been to the locks and so forth.

RADIATION BIOLOGY LABORATORY, ROCKVILLE, MD.

What is the status of your building in Rockville ?

Dr. Ripley. Mr. Bradley ?

Mr. Bradley. Mr. Chairman, that building is virtually completed as to the structure itself. There remains to be installed a concrete floor after the necessary special wiring and plumbing is put in for laboratory purposes.

Senator Bible. When is the actual move to come about?

Mr. Bradley. It should start within a month, Mr. Chairman.

Senator Bible. Do you think you would be fully operational at what time range \

Mr. Bradley. Not before the middle of the coming fiscal year.

Dr. Ripley. In other words, about 6 months hence.

Senator Bible. September, October, or something like that, of next year.

CHESAPEAKE BAY TENTER FOR FIELD BIOLOGY

which will be utilized at the C ^. 1*.- K >J . un.i.'i-

T ';: S f Xb^>^^^^WinIe increase ^

,^^a»£5^?ss 7 i-*i.«--« -

evtntuai development in this area.

BSMStt - a- "—» *~ of the

( hesapenke Bay f fte fie]d biology cen ter?

environmental pollution •^tj^^XSSSSSSLsUm^ ^^d^^eryo^MaryS^ioies there are earned

-InS^SoloS^S^ down there*

preservation. , , j.v-i.9 Thov asked for funds

are (rnino' to research. All 1 am ti\ ing to uo ia» put V„ H y, 0 lieve

aie gumg w oo-pncies A "•am, vou don t oenexw

£?£SrS^^ a^'th^verUip^i ^Chesapeake Bay

Center for Field Biology, to your knowledge \ Dr. Ripley. I would say "No.' ?

Proposed Land Acquisition

Senator Bible. The land that you are negotiating for, will that be donated or will that be a purchase?

Dr Ripley. This will have to he a purchase.

Senator Bible. Do you have a price tag i

Dr Ripley I am sorry to say that we do, over $800,< )<)<>.

Senator Bible. That is for 1,300 acres?

Dr Rirn-v Yes Nearly U00 acres. Actually, it is a little o^er $700,000 for thai but there' is some more land ^f^^^^ son who on her death we were obligated to buy and that * ill add ~ome

'"Senator Bible. I will ask Paul Eaton to check with whoever your expert ison this and give me a full report on this particu ar purxha^ because this sounds pretty expensive The way the Federal trovern ment is acquiring land we won't have any private lands left.

Dr. Ripley. We are not asking for Federal funds for this.

Senator Bible. I know. This is what we find, Doctor, this is based on experience. I have been doing a lot of these things for a good many years. People donate the land and then Uncle Sam takes it over and he acquires a longtime expensive obligation from there on out. I am not saying it is all bad. But like anything in life, I guess land that comes free actually isn't free after all because you create with it a great terrific obligation to carry it on.

How much will this cost you per year ?

Dr. Ripley. To administer it i

Senator Bible. You say this is a consortium with Johns Hopkins and the University of Maryland. How much does it cost the Federal Government to carry on their share of it ?

Dr. Ripley. Our base for fiscal year 1969 is $126,000, for the Office of Ecology. The increase of $35,000 is for the Bay Center.

"We are also putting private endowment funds into that besides.

OFFICE OF OCEANOGRAPHY AND LIMNOLOGY

Senator Bible. In connection with the Office of Oceanography and Limnology, what is that ?

Dr. Ripley. Limnology is study of the biota of lakes, fresh water lakes.

Senator Bible. I note a statement that a visit to a few midwestern universities located more than 20 scientists who desire material from the oceanographic center. Does the Smithsonian send out personnel to the universities hunting scientists to make use of its facilities ?

Dr. Ripley. No, sir.

CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF MAN

Senator Bible. For the first time in your budget appears the activity "Center for the Study of Man"' for which you ask $20,000 in fiscal year 1970, indicating that this amount will be for continuing work on revising the "Handbook of North American Indians." I think you said that had not been revised since 1911. How much is provided for that in fiscal year 196!I \

Dr. Ripley. In fiscal year 1969 we requested funds for this work. I am not sure whether we received them or not. My impression is we didn't.

Senator Bible. Supply it for the record.

Senator Bible. How long do you expect the revision to require ?

Dr. Ripley. I think it will take about 7 to 10 years for a total cost of $800,000.

(The information follows:)

Funding in Fiscal Yeab 1969

An increase of SI()."»,(»<)0, including $2C».00<) and one position for the revision of the Handbook of North American [ndians, was requested Cor the Museum of Natural History in fiscal year 1969. NO program increase was granted. Approximately \'-j. man-year of staff time and $6,000 of the Museum of Natural History's regular program funds will be used in fiscal year IDG!) to complete the compiling, processing, and indexing of the names and qualifications of over l'.oim) eminenl researchers and scholars who are willing to contribute their time ami knowledge

862 anthropologists throughout the country.

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CENTER

Senator Bible. This was a center established in fiscal year 1968, correct?

Senator 1 bTble* What financing arrangements were made at the time

° f ^ R^ESentiaUy it is a way of titling something which already existed. In other words, this is a way for us, a pragmatic way, of looking at our anthropological efforts. .

Senato? Bible. How many people do you have actually assigned to

h Dr Ripley. At the present time, I think there is a director and that is about all. All the other people are personnel within the Museum ot Natural History. In other words, it is what I call an interdepartmental

P1 sfnator Bible. They have other duties besides the study of man? Dr. Ripley. Yes.

center for short-lived phenomena Senator Bible. Another new activity is the Center for Short-Lived

P Dr°RiPLEY The arrival of the meteorite is, for example, a short-1 i ved phenomenon!. The volcanic eruption is a short-lived phenomenon!. This is again a pragmatic way of looking at things which our own scientists" re already concerned with. By setting up an information system, we have been able to perform a number of extremely important scientific experiments. ,

For example, one of our scientists was able to find the occurrence ot a particular kind of volcanic eruption in middle America which was producing very rare light emanations. He was able to get there quickly and make measurements through the Center's work which he otherwise wouldn't have been able to do. It is an extraordinary type ot radiation from a volcano which is known in the literature but has never been seriously tested. Then, also, we have been concerned with the followups on the appearance of islands in the sea, new islands such as the famous occurrence off Iceland. There was a similar occurrence this past year in the South Pacific. This is extraordinarily interesting and a worthwhile study because it is the first time that we have been able to mobilize rather instant transmission of information on things of this sort that have been happening.

Senator Bible. The center was established, if I understand it correctly, in fiscal year 1968. What financing arrangements were made

1 Dr. Ripley. Out of private funds, we supported it to the extent of

I think $23,000. . „ , .. ,

Senator Bible. You can supply the precise figure for the record.

You are a-king $10,000 this year. Dr. Ripley." That is right.

(The information follows:)

Financial Support

The Center was established in January 1968. Financial support, all from private funds, for the balance of that fiscal year totaled $23,000. Of this amount, approximately $13,000 were for one employee and other direct costs. The balance of $10,000 represents equivalent support from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in the form of computer time, communications, printing, etc.

Assignment of Personnel to the Center

Senator Bible. Do you assign any of your personnel to this center ?

Dr. Ripley. Yes, sir. These are people under the Astrophysical Observatory.

Senator Bible. How many are assigned ?

Dr. Ripley. I think there is one.

Dr. Galler. One and a secretary.

Sentor Bible. One and a secretary. Are you still going to continue it in the same location ?

Dr. Ripley. Yes, sir.

Senator Bible. That is the Astrophysical Observatory ?

Dr. Ripley. Yes. This is essentially a communications charge that we are involved in here.

OFFICE OF ACADEMIC PROGRAMS

Senator Bible. Getting into your Office of Academic Programs, you propose an increase of $55,000, and $40,000 of the amount is to increase the number of stipends which can be offered. How many were you able to offer in fiscal year 1909 ?

It can be supplied for the record, if it is not readily available to you.

Dr. Ripley. I am sure I have it here.

\Ye will have to supply it for the record.

Senator Bible. In doing that, also indicate how many research awards were made to persons -working on their doctorates and how many were to persons doing postdoctorate work.

Dr. Ripley. I would be very happy to supply that.

Senator Bible. That is something that is more properly supplied for the record.

(The information follows:)

Number of Stipends in Fiscal Year 1969

The Smithsonian made 44 stipend awards to visiting investigators in support of their research. These are for periods of more than six months, not counting summer programs. Twenty-one were for Ph. D. dissertation research and twenty-three were postdoctoral awards. This covers eight major disciplines in all of the bureaus of the Institution.

SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM

You state on page B-45 that there has been a cutback in dollar support from other sources for overseas research. What other sources uivebeen made available, and what amounts?

Dr. Ripley. Sir, that has to do with our Public Law 480 money.

Senator Bible. Yes, this is right. Supply it forthe record.

J3-758—69—pt. 1-

(The information follows:)

Significance Foe Overseas Research

intended to show mat me j"*"^ f lltlirP from Smithsonian excess currency have benefitted or may benefit in Vfi"T™ith°™ian Soecial Foreign Currency

the reduction in Federal spending for re.seaicn auro f research

5E£££SZiJX$£ SS •««"». 2 £ about «» —,

?5S3SA 25 percent from the^1966 tjjal of $2m, >$£>■ for 0Tcrseas

rrTag„ S ^Teasftw„^oSn7atS ga?e significant field support in class.ca!

h^J^SSESSS^SKSKSEn. foohing more toward the siSfi JSTiSm Program for their overseas research needs.

WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS

Senator Bible. Now getting to the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Solars winch was established during the closing days of thetS selsion of Congress, you will require $100 000 to meet the mihd expenses of the Board of Trustees for the Center and for necessary

■iteWSSffihjt you took » E with me at .«*,

date to try to get some type of a reprograming, which 1 think was

Uowed\n a limited amouS so that you could pay the trave expels

for those who were coming in for a meeting that was held verj

r Tt^Y™We had a meeting, in March of the trustees and we have already selected an interim director. The director is at work We have already organized a subcommittee to start planning for the physical facilities for the Center.

Senator' Bible. Who pays the interim director and from what

^Dr 5 Ripley. We have received a grant from the Ford Foundation.

Senator Bible. My position was that something like this newly

created should properly come before the regular ^op^ationcom-

mittee rather than making an exception m a case like this, because

v tet'lots of requests for exceptions with respect to ^en emictinents.

I am sure the $100,000 will carry you for the fiscal year 19.0 work.

IS Dr a R^ t? Tnis is all that we have been allowed under the Budget Bureau, although actually the appropriation language m Presidents budo-et called for $200,000. . , , . " ,.

Senator Bible. Will there be any change in the administration on

h Dr W RrrLEY We don't know, sir. We have no information. In the President's budget which came to Congress, the figure was set at $900 000 in the appropriation language but m the discussions when

we ended up with our requests for fiscal year 1970, it came out at $100,000. This is partly because we felt we couldn't afford to ask for more funds in order to maintain the Smithsonian as a whole.

BOAED OF TRUSTEES

Senator Bible. I think it would be well at this point to place a list of the trustees—you say you have an acting director. Place his name in the record.

Dr. Bipley. We would be very glad to.

(Thelist follows:)

Secretary of State, William P. Rogers.

Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, Robert H. Finch.

Chairman, National Endowment for the Humanities, Barnaby Keeney.

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, S. Dillon Ripley.

Librarian of Congress, L. Quincy Mumf ord.

Archivist of the United States, James Rhodes.

Assistant to the President, Daniel P. Moynihan.

Private Citizens, Hubert H. Humphrey, Chairman; Allan Nevins, Vice Chairman; Harry C. AlcPherson, Jr.; James MacGregor Burns; John P. Roche-Charles A. Horsky; Kevin Roche; Ernest Cuneo.

Acting Director, Benjamin H. Read.

Plans fob the Wilson Center

Senator Bible. Is he the sole operator of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars % Does he have a secretary ?

Dr. Eipley. We do not have a secretary for him yet. He came on last week, but we are also entering into a contract to employ an architectural planning expert for some of the physical facilities.

Senator Bible. This would likewise be funded by the Ford Foundation ?

Dr. Ripley. Part of it will come from some study money that we have in the Smithsonian. That is for physical facilities.

Senator Bible. You have a line item to that effect?

Dr. Rlpley. Yes.

Mr. Bradley. That is entirely correct, Mr. Chairman. That money was in the fiscal year 1967. It was precisely for this purpose, that is, for the exploration of the feasibility, site location, and scope of a center for advanced studies. As it turns out, the center is now bearing the name of the Wilson Center.

Senator Bible. That answers my query.

division op performing arts

Place in the record the titles and the duties of those that are in your Division of Performing Arts, as well as a short statement of the activity you have proposed for the next year.

Dr. Ripley. Yes.

(Tho information follov : |

Following is a list and brief description of the .seven positions currently in the Performing Arts structure: Director—responsible tor overall supervision of all Division programs, for Division budgetary structure, and for ;ill negotiations with sponsors and participants :

Program Managers (2) — (a> Deputy Director—assists the Director in the overall supervision of programs, with specific responsibilities Cor budgetary control and project management and coordination ; i i»j Specialist Applied American

.i..,.,.,..Mt of :i r>roeram of America!

• i -,-. . c ,• ,i..v>.i(»innciit of :i program of American

ff^^^SpSoS^aSValevSuatlonExample* inclnde summer

tioiiai uiuu " u « nrama Festival, and many others.

,. „„ wrt series oUegDran £* es ™ ^ t0J ._ assists th( . Direc t 0 r in the han-

Secretaries (2)—-l*J w ,,',-, l(m|111 ts filine and the preparation of all llli "^ "! ff wr r;:;:;ii trlm'r (BiePtlo^Re-eardier)-

:^;^:1n t ;he 1 ;.hednli^ -dCoordination of Division programs and in secretarial duties. balance of fiscal year 1909 and for fiscal year 1970

Activities planned for the balanee 0£ Festival to be held on the

over the Uut two years, is » h «' ul « l '»' /' ™&,<cal Theater (1. "On the Town" SfSSFrCT sh!?> Sr^ " a*' flin' disicalW and danee

SS^P&SS5L*SSrJ ParaneTd/ve'.o.nne'nt of the Smithsonian In-stitution Touring Exhibition Service.

OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS

Senator Bible. In the Office of Public Affairs, tell me how many peopfe jou employ there and what each of them do and what their respective responsibilities are.

I )!•. Ripley. We will do so.

(The information follows:)

Personnel and Functions

1 Director, Office of Public Affairs: responsible for planning organizing poordinatSig conducting all public affairs activities-press, radio, TV, viator info a man dTervicel, photography, documentary films, special events public Inquiiies, leaflets, weekly educational film theater-for all bureaus of the

^CWtf'News Branch: responsible for press relations including preparation of news releases, other written materials requested, responding to press inquines, making arrangements for visiting newsmen, arranging press conferences and previews editine the employee monthly newspaper. , TwriteSt: responsible for press relations concerning Institutions six major art components-preparing releases, working with publications, radio and TV responding to inquiries—under Chief. News Bran.-h.

V Chief Special Events Branch: supervises planning and preparation for all

special events-hall openings, exhibition openings, presentations, lectures, film

programs, conferences, meetings, symposia. „„««„

5 Photographer: provides photographic services for special events, public

activities/ press and public requests, historical record purposes, slide

'T'vdSsirative Officer: assists Director in planning and coordinating all activities-budgeting, personnel, work assignments, liason with other offices and

^Audio-visual production specialist: works to provide information and visual materials for radio and television: prepares daily recorded telephone informa-tumVerviu? prepares tapes, interviews and other material for Armed Forces paflin and other broadcast media: prepares monthly Calendar of Events.

8. Visual Information Specialist: develops and maintains the Institution's audio-visual library—slides, films, recordings, and still photographs—to serve requests from educational institutions, civic organizations, staff lecturers, members of the public, and communications media. Manages weekly film theater.

9. Special Events Assistant: acts as assistant to Chief, Special Events Branch, in conduct of all activities, maintains central mailing system, responsible for office mailings.

10. Clerk-typist: assists Visual Information Specialist—accessioning cataloging and distribution of audio-visual materials, correspondence, answering telephone inquiries, and so forth.

11. Secretary: processes incoming and outgoing mail; takes and transcribes dictation; prepares forms; maintains files and appointment calendar; answers telephone inquiries ; schedules use of facilities.

12. Projection Equipment Operator: maintains and operates audio-visual equipment—film and slide projector, tape recorder, film-cleaning equipment.— responsible for taping lectures, other activities.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

Senator Bible. The Smithsonian Institution Press operates at a total cost of how much money ?

Dr. Ripley. The total cost in fiscal year 1969 base was $601,000.

Senator Bible. That employs how many people ?

Dr. Ripley. That employs 20 persons.

Senator Bible. Of course you have the printing expenses and that type of thing.

Dr. Ripley. The tremendous expense, of course, is in the printing and backlog of printing of manuscripts.

Senator Bible. Where is the printing done in the Smithsonian Institution ?

Dr. Ripley. It is mostly done by the Government Printing Office.

Senator Bible. On a reimbursable basis ?

Dr. Ripley. Yes.

Senator Bible. Do you make any charge for the publications of the Smithsonian Institution ?

Dr. Ripley. Xo.

Senator Bible. They are all entirely free ?

buildings management department

I want you to give me for the record the breakdown of the Building Management Department, how many employees they are using there now, what they do, the job specification on them.

Dr. Ripley. Yes. This is of course where we have the largest personnel because it is the guards, and so forth.

Senator Bible. I understand. I am not questioning it, I just want to justify it. You are asking for $340,000 increase to cover 48 new positions.

Dr. Ripley. Yes.

(The information follows:)

Person mi. ami iv.m tions

The Buildings Management Department lias 827 authorized full-time employees. The following Ls a breakdown by job categories: 296 guards, 275 Laborers (restroom matrons, elevator operators, custodial workers, laborers), 212 mechanics (painters, carpenters, electricians, operating engineers), and N other (clerks, secretaries, building managers). As of February 28, 1969, Buildings Management had <>t*T employees on-board occupying these positions.

„,.., v^nnniihlo for brotection, maintenance, ami operation

These employees are responsible rorpi"" „ r ;.,-,. n \ s nsonlae institution

„f eight major Smithsonian .,.,1.1, nga-* '" '"^\ _"»« IIis „„. v and T «. dl . building, the Museum .1 Na'nral u srory, inemu

r , '' : -T;, , tV,V;.%u i Hi^

S^«S£M& are also "^.g^^SSS

>n h^ • in V ex lulrtrto release expensive space on the Mall. TheBuildmgs £££Snent Detriment also provides utilities, communications, and transpor-

^"SS^SoS^^ the physical plant the mechanical trades staff provides special services. These include such activities as the m-stellation of special exhibitions and presentations in science history and art for the nstruction and pleasure of the public; installation of special laboratory eauimS forVe srientific staff; fabrication of metal frame and supports for cXtion housing: design of lighting installations in exhibit nails and art SlSJs and restoration of antique furniture for special exhibition.

This Denartment also provides custodial and related services support to the inanv prSms of the Institution, including cleaning exhibits areas, as well as pubfe lounges, restrooms, offices, laboratories, and shops; assisting in the move-men and installation of exhibits; and transporting museum objects from donors S the Washington Metropolitan area. These employees also provide such special services as office moves, vehicle transportation, telephone services, and pest-control operations for the buildings and grounds.

MUSEUM PROGRAMS AND RELATED RESEARCH

Senator Bible. For fiscal year 11)70 there is a request for an appropriation of $4,500,000 for museum programs and related research to be met through the special foreign currency program This is an increase of $2,184,000 over the amount appropriated last year. Ine justification for this estimate will be placed m the record.

(The justification follows:)

Special Foreign Currency Program

1968 appropriation I'SS 000

I960 appropriation r>' • m

1970 estimate 4 ' s00 ' 00 °

An appropriation of $4,500,000 in foreign currencies, which are determined by the Treasury Department to be excess to the needs of the United States is requested for *a program of grants to United States institutions for essential nek research in archeology and related disciplines, systematic and environmental biology, astrophysics and other fields of Smithsonian competence.

The requested increase of $2,184,000 in foreign currencies is to be devoted to strengthening the research programs of United States universities, museums and other institutions of higher learning. The request is based on the growing total 01 on-going research commitments, the unabated flow of new research proposals and the increasing opportunities for research contributing to national programs.

hi this time of budgetary restraint, however, the total amount requested for Fiscal Year 1970 has been reduced by the equivalent of $1,500,000 below the request submitted for Fiscal Year 1909. The reduction has been made possible

primarily by reducing the scale of research plans. It is estimated that Program needs can be limited to the new $4,500,000 level. Ideally, an appropriation of about $6,000,000 in foreign currencies would be adequate to meet these needs in subsequent years.

Funds are requested for the following programs:

Fiscal year

1968

appropriation

Fiscal year

1969

appropriation

Fiscal year

1970

estimate

Archeology and related disciplines... $1,105,000 $1,105,000 $2,000,000

Systematic and environmental biology 1,016,000 1,046,000 2,000,000

Museum programs. 40,000 40,000 75,000

Astrophysics 145,000 95,000 380,000

International exchange service 15,000 15,000

Grant administration. _ 10,000 15,000 30,000

Total 2,316,000 2,361,000 4,500,000

Less fiscal year 19S9 appropriation 2,316,000

Fiscal year 1970 increase 2,184,000

The requested increase in the Smithsonian Special Foreign Currency Program appropriation seeks to bring the supply of these funds more in line with the demand from United States research institutions. The increase is justified because an expanded program has been authorized and yet the level of funding has remained stationary for three of the four years of the Program's existence. At the invitation of the Department of State, the Smithsonian took over the program of grants in "excess" foreign currencies for archeological research which had grown up under State Department auspices as the principal source of field research funding of American classical archeology abroad. Just as this initial approach to the Smithsonian was based on the Institution's long leadership in archeological research Congressional approval of expansion of the Program first into systematic and environmental biology and then into astrophysics was based on Smithsonian leadership in these fields. The result, however, is that the Fiscal Year 1969 appropriation of $2,316,000 in foreign currencies is likely to suffice for little more than the support of on-going research.

On-going research totals more than 80 projects benefitting more than two hundred United States institutions in over twenty-five states. Examples of these studies include:

Five different archeological excavations in Yugoslavia carried out with Smithsonian support by Stanford, the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, the University of Pittsburgh, the University of Minnesota, and Denison College in collaboration with Yugoslav institutions which will vastly increase our knowledge of man's history from early prehistoric through Roman and medieval times while providing field research training for many American graduate students.

Urgent studies of urbanization on the social and economic structure of the indigenous Vedda peoples of Ceylon by the University of Washington.

Interdisciplinary environmental studies of the plants and animals of tropical Ceylon, a natural research laboratory. These studies embrace the vegetation, elephants, related species of monkey, and certain fish species. They can be expected to contribute to conservation practices insuring their full utilization for agriculture, medical research, tourism, and fisheries. The Ceylon studies are expected to serve as a model for similar studies in other world areas. These studies involve scholars and students from the University of Miami, the University of Hawaii, the University of Maryland, the Smithsonian and two Ceylonese collaborating institutions.

Computer correlation of theories on the nature of the core and the surface of evolving stars, a joint project of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observa-

rtory and Hebrew In i versify, Jerusalem. Inquiries concerning new research proposals continue to How in unabated at the rate of about seven per week. This How reflects in part the awareness thai dollar funding for basic research is likely to be curtailed in this period of budgetary stringency, and that this is the time to take advantage of the availability of PL-480 currencies to undertake research programs which can besl be carried oul abroad. Research in tropical biology can naturally be best conducted in the

tronics and studies in South Asian linguistics can. perforce, be best conducted

[n the field £ South Asia, it is felt that chances of obtaining research funding

,I M ■ e tte r.-it orient in PI^80 "excess" foreign currencies countries because

/.I- i- S ^SomeS efforts to employ without delay these funds which continually

L^^sffion!^increase in the foreign currency appropriation to the Smithsonian teSssary to cover pending and new research proposalswhichare £ SS t"ta? Iome T $825,000 and $780,000 respectively during Fiscal fear WO. Present estimates of distribution of demand for funds in Fiscal Tear 1970 follow:

Archeology Biology Astrophysics Other Total

On-going 51.420 000 ,1. J80.000 595,000 $2,895,000

N e ew ing """ :::::::: "Wo illm 285;ooo" -$120,000 780.000

Tote l 2,000,000 2,000,000 ~~ 380.000 120,000 4,500,000

i The sum for museum programs, $75,000; International Exchange Service, $15,000; and grant administration, $30 , 000, justified in detail in appended charts.

Many proposals represent careful planning and coordination of staff availi-bility over a period of several years. To postpone such research is often to lose an opportunity to advance knowledge significantly and to waste the years of patient planning at home and patient development of working relations with collaborating research institutions abroad. Examples of pending and new pro-

A^study in India of the nature and movement of microscopic airborne organisms by Pennsylvania State University biologists under the International Biological Program. . w%M „ ram Cooperative operation of an archeological research and training program involving a consortium of United States institutions of American Museum ot Natural History and Vassar College and the Archeological Survey of India to speed the training of a substantial number of Americans competent in South Asian archeology. .

An interdisciplinary studv of both terrestrial and marine coral reef environments; one of the principal natural environmental types involving scientists from the American Museum of Natural History in^ew \ork City the Universitv of Southern California, the University of Georgia, the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory and the Smithsonian Institution. To provide under the U.S. National Museum Act museum expertise and support for the International Council of Museums' program of development of teaching museums of science and technology in Asia and Africa. UOi example a central laboratory for basic exhibits in science and technology is planned for India where teaching exhibits will be built for circulation in industrializing countries. The experiment will provide opportunities to American museum specialists to observe the effectiveness of exhibits in teaching basic science and technology to people of all cultural backgrounds. Research supported by the Smithsonian foreign currency grants contributes to national programs. A joint Congressional colloquium convened in August li«8 was devoted exclusively to the study of environmental quality which is the focus ,»f Smithsonian supported ecological studies. In addition, oceanographic studies of direct interest to the National Council for Marine Resources and Engineering Development and supported by the Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program are carefully constructing a picture of the food and mineral resources of the seas Many of these studies contribute to the National Academy of Sciences' 1 nited States Committee for the International Biological Program. This Council of Scientific Unions worldwide program promotes those studies of natural productivity which can not well be studied by any one nation alone. Many of these studies 'contribute valuable materials to the National Collections of the Smithsonian; all of them provide the basis for the enduring collaboration involving American and foreign scholars and institutions sharing the vital objective ot providing knowledge which will improve the quality of man's environment.

Opportunities for foreign currency funded research continue to grow, further justifving an increase in the Smithsonian foreign currency appropriation. Mo-

rocco had been added to the list of ''excess" currency countries. As soon as Morocco appeared on the list a proposal was in preparation to explore that country's Atlantic and Mediterranean waters in collaboration with Mohammed V University in Rabat and the government fisheries station at Casablanca in studies complementary to those already being conducted in Tunisia and Israel with foreign currency support. A proposal to study ancient and little known Phoenician settlements in Morocco has also been received.

Furthermore, after years of careful preparation, the opportunity to broaden research activities in Tunisia. Yugoslavia and India appears at hand. A bilateral agreement has been signed with Tunisia providing the legal basis for research in that country in all fields of Smithsonian competence. The agreement is expected to facilitate arrangements for research which have long been delayed. The first project likely to profit from the agreement is a multi-national, interdisciplinary International Biological Program study of the Sahara and adjacent ecosystems. The study will seek the explanation for the continuing advance of the desert and the corollary recommendations for halting that advance.\Furtherniore, the Yugoslav Government has invited expansion of PL-480 uses under the Smithsonian program because of the satisfactory experience over the past two summers in archeological research. Expanded American research collaboration there appears likely to develop within the framework of a Yugoslav national program of ecological research"VSuch a program would seek to contribute to man's ability to sustain environmental quality by predicting and compensating for the effects of his environment modifying actions. In India development of agreed program procedure suggests that Smithsonian funded research will now be smoothly processed by the Government of India providing further, great opportunitiesj

Expanding research opportunities in these countries will not be offset in Fiscal Year 1970 by the imminent end of the United States excess account in Israeli pounds. Xo new research starts will be made there, but it is necessary to complete the research which has already been started. In Fiscal Year 1970, for example, the Smithsonian would need some $694,000 in Israeli pounds for this ongoing research.

Publications based on research supported by Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program Grants are now beginning to appear. Southern Methodist University's survey of prehistoric sites along the Nile have, for example, resulted in a three volume publication by principal investigator Fred Wendorf entitled The Prehistory of "Nubia. These volumes are the first of a series covering continuing research which is revealing the early phases of man's residence in the Nile Valley—phases long neglected for the more spectacular historic period. A series of volumes entitled Ashdorl is now coming off the press detailing the results of the excavation of this Philistine city by the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh working in collaboration with the Israeli Department of Antiquities. The Biblical Arch-eologist's issue of May 1967, was entirely devoted to the results of the excavations at biblical Gezer being conducted by Cincinnati's Hebrew Union College on a Smithsonian Foreign Currency grant. The American Academy of Benares in India has begun publishing a Bulletin or international scholarly journal devoted to South Asian art and archeology. A number of scientific monographs have also begun to appear on the mollusks of the Indian Ocean which the University of Michigan has been studying with Smithsonian support.

Some other significant research results are already known. For example: The same Yale University team which uncovered the skull of one of man's early primate ancestors in the Egyptian Fayum badlands has uncovered an equally remarkable lower jaw of a giant ape in the Siwalik Hills of Northern India on a joint expedition with Punjab University. Preliminary estimates date this "early man" about 14 million years ago. The Smithsonian provided the local currencies for this research: the National Science Foundation provided dollars for the expenses in this counl ry.

studies of the migration of fishes between the Bed Sea and the Mediterranean through tin- sea-level Sue/. Canal have shown thai a majority of commercially exploited species in the Eastern Mediterranean have migrated from the Red Sea. These studies are considered base-lino studies for those

surrounding the sea-level canal in Panama and the results bo far suggest the importance of studies going on at the Smithsonian Tropical Research institute in Panama. The Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program is operated .-it minimum cost to the Institution in dollars. Such costs are limited to those for personnel in Wash-

S72

in«*on who administer the Program. During Fiscal Year 1969 five people were emnloVedin the Office of International Activities for this purpose at a total cost o amioximatety $80,000. One additional person contributed a portion **£*»• The total cost of the operation of the Office of International Activities is $98,000

f °Tn^e^^overSS"-clollar costs to the Program and those associated with individual research projects meet expenses within the United States and do not contribute to the U.S. balance of payments deficit.

In fact, the Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program functions as a dollar-saving device for government agencies and private foundations which share the support o "research with the Institution. The National Science Foundation men-ioS above fs one of these. In addition, the Program bears project, costs abroad whUe organizations like the National Institute of Mental Healtti, the World Wildlife Fund, the John D. Rockefeller. Ill Fund, the Wenner-Gren Foundation provide the dollars for equipment purchases, salaries of American scholars

"^e^M^pSi^oject lists of the research, v^ich the Institution seeks to support through grants to United States institutions under: its four vear old Special Foreign Currency Program. This request, as in the past, is based on budget projections for on-going research and on pending and new research proposals which include firm research, those postponed for lack of sufficient funds and other sample or illustrative proposals based on firm indications of interest both within and without the Smithsonian. They represent the Institution's selection of possible projects which appear most promising for successful development and implementation during fiscal year 1970.It snouldbe noted, however, that actual implementation of these projects will be contingent upon three factors: review by the Smithsonian's outside advisory councils, review and approval bv American embassies overseas, and appropriate cooperative arrangements with host-country institutions or Governmental authorities.

MUSEUM PROGRAMS AND RELATED RESEARCH (SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM)

I. ARCHEOLOGY AND RELATED DISCIPLINES

[Grant expressed in U.S. dollars]

Recipient Project Year Grant

A. ONGOING PROJECTS

1. American Institute of Indian Studies For continued support of the American Academy of 1970 '5150.000

(a nonprofit organization of 24 Amer- Benares, a research center for South Asian archeol- 969 *'-^

ican colleges and universities). ogy and art history. j-joo j^n/^g

1966 76! 850

2. American Research Center in Egypt To continue support of the center's research and exca- 1970 'Jjjp.ggg

(a nonprofit study center supported vation program in the archeology of Egypt which 969 ';£•$"

by 10 American universities). includes Pharaonic, Hellenistic, Roman, and early 1968 nx. u*

Christian sites. 1967 177,137

3. Jerusalem School of Archeology of the To continue the survey and exploration of some 400 1970 ' 174,000

Hebrew Union College. archeological sites in the Negev and to conduct 969 l&O.uuu

seminars in biblical archeology for American grad- 1968 |£M?2

uate students in archeology. 1967 lbs, nu

4. Peabody Museum of Yale University... To continue the paleontology and stratigraphy studies 1970 ' |9- 222

of the Paleocene, Eocene, and Oligocene deposits of 1969 :*"•"""

Egypt, which have resulted in important discoveries 1967 31, 39b

relating to hijman evolution. .. 1966 19,3iu

5. University of Colorado To study the prehistoric archeology of Tunisia at an 970 l b«,™

excavation at Oued el Akarit. 1969 60,000

6. Southern Methodist University. To study prehistory of the area around Sibaiya, Egypt... 1970 > 40.000

1968 33! 390

1967 39,800

1966 5,205

7. University Museum, University of To study remaining stones of the Temple of Akhnaten 1970 16 .°.0°0

Pennsylvania. at Luxor, Egypt. 1969 60,000

1967 65! 070

8. Museum of Anthropology, University of To develop a program for research and training in pre- 1970 > 50,000

Michigan. historic archeology through field excavations on 1969 ?"•"""

Mount Carmel in Israel. 1968 *7,66U

See footnote at end of table.

MUSEUM PROGRAMS AND RELATED RESEARCH (SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM)—Continued

Recipient Project Year Grant

9. Carnegie Museum To continue the excavation of a Philistine city at Ash- 1970 ' $50, 00O

dod, Israel. 1969 50,000

1968 56,180

1967 47,180

1966 50,000

10. Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Uni- To continue testing the utilization of cosmic rays to 1970 i 45, 000

versity of California, Berkeley. "X-ray" the Egyptian pyramids in search of presently 1959 30,000

unknown chambers. 1967 21,680

1966 23,320

11. University of Missouri.. To excavate at Tell Anafa, Israel, to understand better 1970 40,000

the nature of Greek trade with Palestine and Egypt 1969 40,000

_ in the period after 800 B.C. 1968 60,500

12. University of Minnesota 10 initiate a program of research in Yugoslavia with 1970 '50,000

excavations of the unique Roman Palace of Dio- 1969 27,000

cletian at Split, Yugoslavia. 1968 32,505

13. Smithsonian Institution, Office of To study disappearing metalworking crafts of Pakistan 1970 40,000

Anthropology. and Ceylon as part of a worldwide study of ancient 1969 20,000

technologies and their development. 1968 21,128

14. Yale University, Peabody Museum Tolocateandopenquarry excavationsforfossil remains 1969 '60.000

of early relatives of man in Siwalik Hills of north 1970 40,000

India. 1968 43,850

15. Brooklyn Museum To construct scale models of Egyptian monuments and 1970 110,000

archeological sites for study. 1969 10,000

1967 4,222

16. Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton. To conduct interdisciplinary research and excavations 1970 ' 10.000

in bronze and early iron ages of northern Yugoslavia. 1969 8,000

1968 9,496 1967 2,030

17. University of Chicago To provide research assistantships for graduate credit 1970 '10,000

in South Asian art at the American Academy of 1969 10,000

Benares, India, an affiliate of the American Institute 1967 11,400 of Indian Studies.

18. University of Chicago To examine a Vaisnava religious community in West 1970 '55,000

Bengal historically and sociologically (funds availa- 1969 50,000 ble in 1967, awaiti ng Government of India approval).

19. American University in Cairo. To study the distinctive domed Mausolea of the Mam- 1970 ' 20, 000

luk era (1250-1517 A.D.) in Cairo which have not 1969 21,000

been studied and are threatened by growth and 1968 6,340 modernization of Cairo.

20. Dumbarton Oaks (Harvard) Center of To continue studies of the unique but rapidly disin- 1970 ' 30,000

Byzantine Studies; American Acad- tegrating Roman and Byzantine mosaics at historic 1969 23,628 emy in Rome. Utica, Tunisia.

21. Smithsonian Institution.. To continue development of urgent anthropological re- 1970 '20,000

search in the excess countries as a part of the 1969 20,000 research program in changing cultures of the newly established Center for the Study of Man.

22. University of Washington To continue studies of the relationship between social 1970 '15,000

structure and economic organization in the Vedda 1968 16,000 communities of Ceylon.

23. University of Illinois... To continue comparative studies of the effects of cul- 1970 '30,000

tural change on folk music in Israel and Tunisia. 1969 31,000

24. Denison University. To continue to build the Denison research through ex- 1970 '5,000

changes of materials on ancient Burmese art with 1969 5,000 Burmese museums.

25. American Institute of Indian Studies.. To continue support for postdoctoral research in social 1970 ' 145,000

and cultural anthropology and linguistics of India 1969 148,000 and Ceylon.

26. University Museum, University of To continue study of Dra Abul El Naga tomb inscrip- 1970 '17,000

Pennsylvania. tions, Egypt. 1969 17,300

27. Douglass College, Rutgers University.. To continue excavations of the early Greek and Roman 1970 '20,000

settlements at Salona in Yugoslavia. 1969 20,300

28. University of California, Los Angeles... To continue excavations of an early neolithic settle- 1970 '30,000

ment at Auzibegova Macedonia, Yugoslavia con 1969 31,000

sidered a crossroad for formative cultures of Western

civilization.

29. University of Minnesota.. To continue studies of climate influences on man's 1970 '4,000

shift from nomadic to settled life in the Middle East 1969 7, 700 through studies of fossil evidence of evolving flora and fauna.

Subtotal, estimate for ongoing research 1,420,000

B. PENDING RESEARCH PROPOSALS

1. University Museum, University of Penn- To excavate the protohistoric of Kuntarodai Ceylon to 1970 40,000

sylvania. determine the nature and chronology of settlement

and relations with south India.

2. University of Washington To study the Byzanto-Slavic culture of medieval Bargala 1970 34,000

in Yugoslavia.

See footnote at end of table.

MUSEUM PROGRAMS AND RELATED RESEARCH (SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM)-Contmued

Recipient

p ro j ect Year Estimated

» Uniyersitv of Wisconsin To study and film the rapidly disappearing Dhangars/ 1970 $40,000

3. University or Wisconsin..- Bangars, the seminomadic shepherds of Maharashtra

4. Smithsonian Institution, Office of An- To stady.the rapidly disappearing crafts at village level 1970 50,000

5 AmericaS'stitute of Indian Studies, To'surve^and initiate excavation of cultural sites of the 1970 50,000

American Academy of Benares. Pratihara period especially at Bhinmal in Rajasthan,

6. Smithsonian Institution Museum of To survey and document :the.art ^p'^nf"* Tibet on the 1970 30,000

Natural History uas:s of obiects currently being brought to India

and Nepal by Tibetan refugees.

7 New York University, Columbia Univer- To excavate ancient Utica, Tunisia employing inter- 1970 bU, UUU

sity University of Michigan. disciplinary techniques designed to describe fully

suy, un , 6 thg mode Qf |jfe gr|d environment characteristic of

successive cultures inhabiting the site

8 American Museum of Natural History... To initiate archeological excavations together with the 1970 30,000 m " e " v -° Archeological Survey of India with special provision

for the training of Americans in the archeology of South Asia, today an area largely neglected by U.S.

9 Smithsonian Institution, Office of Anthro- To initiate systematic collections of Indian folk art 1970 26,000

p 0 | 0 g y which is disappearing as village crafts yield to urban

technology.

Subtotal, estimate for pending re- ,„ 0Q0

search - '

C. NEW PROJECT PROPOSALS

1 Southern Methodist University To study prehistoric industries and settlement patterns 1970 5,000

in the central Negev, Israel.

2. University of California, Los Angeles.... To excavate Islamic archeological sites in West Paki- 1970 3U.UUU

3. Brandeis University To survey western Phoenician archeological sites in 1970 25,000

4 University of Michigan . To conduct research and excavations into the middle 1970 20,000

paleolithic of northern Bosnia. .

5 Indiana University .... To excavate at Aenona (modern Nin) Yugoslavia a 1970 40,000

Roman and medieval city built on a prehistoric site.

6. Institute for Advanced Studies, Stan- To conduct investigations in the archeology of historical 1970 40,000

ford University. India. .. ...

7 Columbia University; University of To conduct ethnohistoncal research into the history of 1970 30, UUU Pennsylvania. traits of traditional life in modern India

8. University of Washington... To conduct investigations into the chalcolithic and 1970 40, UUU

early civilization of India.

Subtotal, estimate for new research - - 23 " " 0u

Total, archeology and related disciplines. -- 2,000,000

II. SYSTEMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY

A. ONGOING PROJECTS

1. National Academy of Sciences, U.S. To continue direct support to the U.S. National Com- 1970 * 550.000

National Committee for the Inter- mittee for the International Biological Program for 1969 3S, UUU

national Biological Program. planning symposiums, training of U.S. scientists, and 1968 3b, UUU

research program development.

2. National Academy of Sciences, U.S. To continue development of joint United States-Indian 1970 'M.UUU

National Committee for the IBP. research projects which strengthen U.S. research and 1969 30,000

contribute to priority objectives of the U.S. I.B.P.

3. University of Georgia To study the flow of energy through small rodent popu- 1970 ■ 100,000

lations in different habitats in conjunction with the 1969 125,000

Ecological Institute of Poland.

4. Smithsonian Institution, Office of To study marine organisms of the Red Sea and eastern 1970 » 00,000

Oceanography and Limnology. Mediterranean in order to determine what biological 1969 J™-"™

interchange of species has occurred through the 19b7 122,000

5. Smithsonian Institution, Office of To accelerate the processing of marine organisms 1970 » 100,000

Oceanography and Limnology. from the Mediterranean through the sorting facility 1969 J™.™"

known as the Mediterranean Marine Sorting Center 1967 152,360

operated in cooperation with the Tunisian Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries.

6. University of Colorado To continue to excavate a paleontological site in the 1970 "• ™n

Miocene-Pliocene formations of south-central Tu- 1969 23.000

nisia to attempt to establish a chronology for fossil 1968 23,165

mammals in Tunisia which may help to determine geological relationships with similar European formations. See footnote at end of table.

MUSEUM PROGRAMS AND RELATED RESEARCH (SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM)—Continued

Recipient

Project

Year

Grant

7. Smithsonian Institution, Division of To continue investigations on the ecology of Palearctic

Birds. birds migrating through northeastern Africa, includ-

ing cooperative research on serology with the Rockefeller Virus Laboratory and ectoparasites with the Naval Medical Research Unit III in Egypt.

8. University of Michigan To continue taxonomic studies of Indian mollusks

through caryotype analysis and the cytogenetics of closely related species which will contribute to medical, public health, and veterinary programs.

9. Smithsonian Institution, National To continue studies of the evolution and behavior of

Zoological Park. related primates (Cercopithecidae) in different en-

vironments in Ceylon.

10. Smithsonian Institution, National Zoo logical Park.

To continue studies of the relation of man and elephant in Ceylon where the domesticated beast of burden is captured and trained to work with man after reaching maturity as a wild elephant rather than after domestication as a young animal.

11. University of Michigan To continue theoretical ecological studies of a living

coral reef and the organisms related to it in Israel.

12. Smithsonian Institution.

13. Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany.

14. Smithsonian Institution Radiation Bio-

logy Laboratory.

15. University of Georgia

16. California Academy of Sciences.

17. Smithsonian Institution, Office of

Oceanography and Limnology.

18. Duke University

19. Smithsonian Institution: National Zo-

ological Park and Museum of Natural History.

20. Smithsonian Institution, Office of Ecol-

ogy.

21. Smithsonian Institution, Office of Ecol-

ogy.

22. Union College, Schenectady, N.Y

23. Smithsonian Institution, Department Department of Vertebrate Zoology.

. To continue revision of the basic Trimen's Flora of Ceylon in the light of modern botanical knowledge and techniques.

To continue flora and vegetation studies of a district of Mysore State in the Ghat Mountains of southwest India and to prepare collections for the Smithsonian's National Herbarium.

To continue studies of solar radiation station in Israel to obtain data for comparsion with baseline conducted in Washington, D.C.

To continue studies of the interuction of human and small rodent populations in a variety of temperate zone environments in conjunction with the Ecological Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

To continue field investigations of the habitats of Indian amphibians and reptiles especially in the fast disappearing virgin environments of that country.

To continue studies of the benthic and planktonic biology of the Adriatic Sea in Yugoslavia.

To continue taxonomic studies in Yugoslavia of the Adriatic isopod and to prepare a handbook for the study around the world of this marine organism.

10 provide additional grants to Smithsonian scientists for increasing the national entomological, botanical, and zoological collections by expeditions to India, Ceylon, Egypt, Pakistan, Tunisia, and Morocco.

To continue ecological studies of Mediterranean and Saharan environments in a multinational project conducted in research preserves being established in Tunisia as a result of recommendations of the International Biological Program.

To continue studies of the behavior of elephants and primates in India coordinated with baseline studies conducted in Ceylon.

To collect and study the plankton communities of the Nile RiverDelta with special reference to the changes salinity and circulation caused by interruption of seasonal river fluctuation by the Aswan Dam.

To continue studies, of South Asian birds and the preparation of a handbook.

24. Dartmouth University To continue studies of fresh water lakes organisms and

sediments in Ceylon.

25. University of Miami, Florida To continue studies in Ceylon of carangid fishes which

constitute one of the major sources of man's food around the world.

26. University of the State of New York, To continue studies of the ecology of snails in Israel...

Stony Brook.

27. University of Missouri To continue studies of the behavior and ecology of

gazelles in Israel.

28. Library, Smithsonian Institution To continue accelerated translation and publication ol

reference works and monographs.

1970 1968 1968 1967

1970 1969 1968

1970 1969 1968

1970 1969 1968

1970 1969 1968 1970 1969 1968 1970 1969

1970 '969 1967 1970 1969

1970 1969

1970 1969 1970 1969

1970 1969

1970 1969

1970 1969

1970 1969

1970 1969 1968 1970 1969 1970 1969

1970 1969 1970 1969 1970 1969

• $50, 000 41,000 21,517 44,093

'15,000 16,000 21,394

'20,000 21,000 45, 749

'10,000 10,000 4,371

'20,000 20,000 12,036

' 30,000 30,000 39,400

'20,000 20,000

' 80, 000 84, 000 110,000 ' 50, 000 ' 50,000

' 50,000 ' 50, 000

' 50, 000 ' 35, 000 ' 40, 000 ' 40,000

' 50,000 ' 50,000

' 90,000 ' 90, 000

' 50, 000 » 50,000

' 170,000 '210,000

Subtotal, estimate for ongoing research.

Sim- foul note III cud '>f tillilc

' 5, 000

5,000

5,000

' 20,000

20,000

25,000

25, 000

' 20, 000 20, 000

' 40, 000 40,000

' 50, 000 50, 000

1,380,000

MUS EUM PROGRAMS AND RELATED RESEARCH (SPECIAL TOREK * CURRENCY PROGRAM)Continued

Recipient

Project

Year

Grant

B. PENDING PROJECTS

To conduct field studies in plant taxonomy and ecology

1. Duke University - j n the state of Assom, India. . , 1U .

• .. r. ■ Tn ctnriv the taxonomv and distribution ot the poorly

2. University of California at Davis T Vn 0 wn micSc marine fauna of the Bay of

Bengal on the basis of collections of marine sediments from the coastal region of East Pakistan.

3. Smithsonian institution, Office of ^stu^ec.ogy^nd behavior of hooved animals

4 . SoffiVthodistUniversity..... .. ^^ e ^^^^&^

Depression in the western Desert of Egypt , ,•* ti^n nffirp nf To collect and conduct taxonomic studies of the marine

5. Smithsonian Institution, Office ot l °l°"f l J™ ^, p akis < an ' s continental shelf.

- , h ° Ce a?n P s h LniveS gy ' To mplete studies of the population ecology of Rhesus

5. Johns Hopkins University monkeys in Northern India. .

:, ;„r,irn To studv in Egypt the migration of ma rine biota between

7. American University in Cairo..— th eRe dSeaand the Mediterranean through the Suez

.-! »• nw.,.„ nr Tnennriiirt studies of the pattern and behavior of birds

8. Smithsonian Institution, Office of ToconducUtuo.es.nilrie^ Hjma|ayan Mountains of

ECOl0gy " northern India and Nepal

9. Smithsonian Institution Division of To study in .India the road y MrtgM M

Invertebrate Paleontology. f^Tance much about the climate and geographyof

the geologic era in which it lives. . ... ,. Tn <;ti.dv thp snail carrier of the disease, bilharzlasrs,

10. University of Michigan intheVewly formed reservoirs and canals associated

with the Aswan Dam in Egypt.

11. University of Utah.... ^Ss^^

12. Smithsonian Institution, Office of Ecol- ^^^SgSS^I^iS^^

ogy lndja and to obtain a duplicate set of specimens for

the research collections of the U.S. National Museum.

„ .«. • i„,»it„»inn nffirp of To collect for the U.S. National Museum and study the

13. Smithsonian Institution, Office ot lo fl co r l ^ f t {^| 0 . neglected areas of India particularly

Ecology. the Ma | abar and the Karomandel coasts, and the

Nilghiri and Khasia Hills—areas which served as sources of materials for classic botanical studies made as long ago as the 17th century and badly in need of revision.

1970 170,000

Subtotal, estimate for pending re- _ 475,000

search - " =====

C. NEW PROJECTS

,n- «r.ii u m Montana To conduct pilot studies of the behavior and ecology of 1970 HO, 000

1. University of Montana.... "m^ ^ ^ jn wes( Pakjstan _ a httle-studied animal which is nevertheless considered a significant

, WMM « *!H^attf±asaaw m ,15 '™

3 - •tst2pssr m ~ mm ^oesass^'ssatsss 197 ° ' ,M °°

the Ceylonese elephant, vegetation, etc., in a series of ecological studies which form a pattern for other world areas. , imn i on nnn

Smithsonian Institution Office of To assist in the planning and conduct of a symposium 1970 120.0U0 • Frnin^ lnsmui,on ' umwi jn i ndia on natural resource conservation problems

tcology in tropical environments in collaboration with the

International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Q7n ,,r M

ifBSbS ,0 "' " m ' mM ^ttMSBssKLtraasaJEs 197 ° 25 '°°°

ot tntomoiogy. thattropical island. . . q7n ,.„„„„

7 Universitv of Georgia To study organic productivity and nutrient cyding, in 1970 20,000

7. University ot ueoi 0 .d tropical ecosystems in collaboration with the

Hindu University of Benares, India. This study has been proposed to the National Committees for the International Biological Program of both the United States and India. See footnote at end of table.

MUSEUM PROGRAMS AND RELATED RESEARCH (SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM)-Continued

Recipient

Project

Year

Grant

8. Yale University To measure habitat relationships numbers and distribu-

tion of wild ungulates in the Gir Forest, India—one of a series of ecological studies to be proposed for United States-Indian IBP sponsorship and to be based in this unique tropical forest preserve where q c •„ i ti »■ t r. . the last of the Asian lion, of biblical fame, survives

9. Scnop, Institution of Oceanography, La To plan in collaboration with the Indian Institute of

Joiia, cant. Oceanography periodic research cruises along a care-

fully determined line of collection stations to collect sediments, and marine biota and second changing marine and ciimatological data.

1970 '$10,000

1970 '20,000

Subtotal, estimate for new research..

Total, systematic and environmental biology

145, 000

2, 000, 000

MUSEUM PROGRAMS

1970 1969

$60, 000 20, 000

1. U.S. National Museum To assist, under the U.S. National Museum Act, with

museum expertise and support the program of the International Council of Museums (ICOM), a UNESCO affiliate, to develop teaching museum's of science and technology in Asia and Africa. For example, the Smithsonian has contributed in fiscal year 1968 to studies resulting in recommendations to ICOM that there be established in India a laboratory for basic exhibits in science and technology where teaching exhibits will be built for circulation in industrializing countries. The experiment will provide opportunities to American museum specialists to observe the effectiveness of exhibits in teaching basic science and technology to people of

0 ..... .. .... all cultural backgrounds.

1 University Museum University of To prepare an exhibit catalog, to be the first scholarly

Pennsylvania, and Smithsonian Trav- publication on a unique collection at Benares Hindu eling inhibition Service. University of miniature paintings of the Moghul

period of Indian art for distribution through American museums exhibiting such art treasures for the , .... . _, . iL ,, . first time in the United States.

Zw- M . useum and the University To conduct a pilot program of professional training for 1970 110 000 or Wisconsin. museum curators and technicians in collaboration

with museums in India and Tunisia through 2-way exchanges of personnel for on-the-job training supplemented in the United States with university courses in museology. The exchanges are expected to enrich substantially the programs of the participating U.S. and foreign institutions.

1970

' 5, 000

Total for museum programs.

75,000

IV. ASTROPHYSICS

A. ON-GOING PROJECTS

1. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Cambridge, Mass.

To continue balloon experiments in cooperation with the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay, India, on gam ma radiation reaching the earth's upper atmosphere from outer space at the magnetic equator. To continue computer analysis in Israel of the application of principles of plasma physics concerning the movement of particles at extremely high speeds to the movement of celestial bodies in galaxies—a study of the collective behavior of self-gravitating systems. 3. Smithsonian Astrophysical Laboratory... To continue studies in Israel comparing theories developed separately of the nature of the interior and of the exterior of evolving stars.

2. Hunter College of the City University of New York and Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.

1970 1969 1968

1970 1968

1970 1969

i $30, 000 4,000 29,100

'35,000 41,800

' 30, 000 27,300

Subtotal, ongoing research

See footnote at end of table.

95,000

MUSEUM PROGRAMS AND RELATED RESEARCH (SPEC.AL FORE.GN CURRENCY PROGRAM)_Contin U ed

Recipient

Project

Year

Grant

B. NEW PROJECT PROPOSALS 1. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.

2. Harvard University,

3. Smithsonian Institution, Off.ce of the Secretary.

4 Harvard University and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.

5 Harvard University and Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.

6. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory

7. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Mass.

1970

1970

i 25, 000

i 40, 000

1970 115,000

8. Harvard University

9. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.

To record and analyze together with data from around 1970 '$10,000 the world, at the Uttar Pradesh State Observatory, India film exposures of suspected flare stars, a relatively newly discovered class of variable stars with radio and optical energies several orders of magnitude higher than emissions from the largest solar

To initiate a collaborative program with the Indian

Institute of Science leading to a publication on the

historical, mathematical, and theoretical foundations

ofthe theory of radiation gas dynamics. To assist in studies sponsored by the newly created

Center for Shcrt-Lived Phenomena, a clearinghouse

for the receipt and dissemination of information concerning rare or infrequent natural events that might

otherwise go unobserved or uninvestigated, such as

remote volcanx eruptions,the birth of new islands,

the fall of meteorites and large fireballs, and sudden

changes in biological and ecological systems. To select translate, and publish the key works of the

distinguished Polish Copernican scholar, L. A

Birkenmajer, in collaboration with the International

Astronomical Union. The publication will make

available for the first time to large segments of

American and other English speaking scholarly

communities invaluable analysis of the astronomy

of Copernicus. To initiate collaborative studies with Indian astro-physical institutions leading to the design of instrumentation for stellar observation. To conduct laboratory studies of the spectra of hyduds

and oxides in the visible and vacuum ultra violet

region. . . ,.

To investigate solar radiation pressure perturbations

upon the passive geodetic earth-orbitting satellite

(Pageos)-in collaboration with the University of Warsaw and the Polish Academy of Sciences. To conduct laboratory studies of the excitation processes

in stellar, planetary, and cometary atmospheres. To measure air glow and ionospheric characteristics at

the magnetic equator in studies contributing to the

understanding of the nature of the upper atmosphere

and of some of its effects on satellites.

1970

1970

1S70

1970 1970

i 40, 009 i 30,000 i 45. 000

130. COO i 50,000

Subtotal, new research proposals. Total, astrophysics

V. INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS

1 Smithsonian Institution .... To support costs of ocean freight of learned and go>r-

1. Smithsonian insmunon ernmental publications exchanged by the United

States and the excess currency countries according to provisions of intergovernmental agreement.

1970 1969

i $15, 000 15,000

Total International Exchange of Scientific Publications. 15,000

VI. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND ADMINISTRATION

1. Smithsonian Institution, Office of International Activities.

To defray costs of inspection and audit of field research sites and costs ol negotiation with host governments on program operations—costs which increase in step with the increasing numbers of active grants.

1970 1969 1968

i $30,000 15,000 10,000

Total, program development and administration 3 '

. . , .... 4,500,000

Grand total -

DISTRIBUTION OF FUNDS BY COUNTRY, FISCAL YEARS 1963, 1969, AND 1S70

Country 1968 1969 1970

India $323,709 $490,066 $1,016,250

Egypt 308,359 400,210 662,250

Israel 1,182,688 450,000 450,000

Morocco 0 25,000 210,500

Pakistan 78,816 34.380 176,000

Tunisia 81,816 225,000 281,000

Poland 90,000 100,000 300.750

Guinea 55,301 3,000 105,000

Burma 0 0 182,000

Yugoslavia 59.170 479,333 678,750

Ceylon 136,141 109,011 437,500

Total 2,316,000 2,316,000 4,500,000

SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM

Senator Bible. Give me for the record the total amount which 3*011 have received in the past years for the special foreign currency program as well as that which remains unobligated and unexpended as of whatever date is fairly current.

Dr. Ripley. Yes, sir.

Senator Bible. And a record of what you accomplished with this foreign currency program.

Dr. Ripley. Yes, sir.

Senator Bible. Generally, how much money has been expended in that area?

Dr. Ripley. We have just produced an interoffice report. I would be very glad to furnish that for the record also.

Senator Bible. As soon as it is completed.

Dr. Ripley. Yes, Senator.

(The report follows:)

Amounts Received, Obligated, and Expended

The Smithsonian has received total Special Foreign Currency Prosrain appropriations of $8,248,000 over the four fiscal years 1966 through 1969. Of this $2,327.-000 were unobligated as of February 28, 1969. That is the sum not yet obligated by signature of grant contracts. Grants will shortly be signed totalling an additional $900,000. In fact, then, there remain only $1,427,000 to be obligated, although the annual scientific review process has not reached the half-way mark. We have applications for renewal of grants for on-going research and for new projects which substantially exceed this available total, by almost $500,000 in fact. We conclude therefore, that after these projects have been subjected to scientific review by our Advisory Councils which meet in May. that we will have awarded all funds available to us before this fiscal year is over. This has been the case in previous years—that is to say all funds have been committed to specific research projects and contract talks have started for the full amount of our appropriations.

Expenditures since inception of the Program—that is to say funds paid out to our grantees and reported by American Embassies abroad, total $2,784,000 through February 28, 1969. This figure is no doubt actually substantially greater.

Program Accomplishments

The Program is currently supporting more than 80 projects benefitting some 200 United States institutions in 25 states. These benefits include graduate and technical training opportunities and the acquisition <>f study collections for present and future generations of scholars. Accomplishments in the form of research publications are beginning to appear. A partial list of these is attached.

23-758—69—pt. 1 56

Outstendingesa^ of the lllants and

(1) Environmenta studies untter i Qf man>8 environ .

S5££*5MStaffi are prodncSg information of value to agricul-

^^t^TJ^r^Z^^e^^ conducted by (2) The st .?^es of mau ^J|J ^'™ skull of one such primate in the Yale University. This team imc°verea l 1 f evolution stretching

Egyptian Fayum "badI and, V™£ A ^*™^ e t £ m uncovered an equally back more than 25 million J»J»- ■""ss<*m f Nortnern India .

remarkable lower:jaw^o a S^t s a ^rV nun ' abo Ut 14 million years ago.

P WeI«

SSt£t?t bSKlXS^vSof the art treasures of the subcontinent (4) Studies or ^" 11La ' & i tl j consortium of American institu-

i5) fSlf of Ocean Exploration. These include: (a) studies of the

fa l Panamaand (b) the services of the Smithsonian's Mediterranean Marine Sorting Center.

4 Partial List of PuoUoations Growing Out of Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program Supported Research

(Monographs on University of Michigan research are listed above)

«Miscophnsheliophilnssp.n. (Hym.. Spbecidae)"^^f^STwJjdS Bulletin Entomologique de Polognc, June 30, 1968, 38(2), Warsaw, wajciecn

<™SS d Flor"i Mammals and Wasps of Gebel 'Uweinat, Libyan Desert". D. J. M^aSKari HStKb. (Accepted for publication in Bmithsoman Con-

-Thf ivo^Ho^ESs'of Homer and the Bone Horse Bits of Reality." Bonner

ien'\ Z&omifc Filozofickej Fakulty University Komensktho, 19(8) 1968. '•T^lSiiS 1 Apes", ^ie^c ,l,enV««, December 1967, 217(6) : 28-35. Elwyn "Araveling'the Age of Earth and Man." Natural History, February 1967: 53-59. "Ttolta* SrXrwin's Third Ape", tftftoal Opinion and Be^«>, November

■JTWSft ^Kn^X Museum at ^f^JSl^SSJ^ffStS^ University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. Winter 1968, 10(2).

"sKto^Or^stecea from West Pakistan". Proceedings of the United States ^vSSSSMmSSt, 1968, 125(3666) : 1-48. Nashua ML Tirmizi and Raymond B.

-The n vkhenaten Temple Project". Expedition: Bulletin of theUni^HtyMuseum

of the Uninr.ity of Pennsylvania, Fall 1967,10(1) : 24-32. Ray Winfield Smith.

"Numerical Experimental Check of Lynden-Bell Statistics for a Collisionless One-Dimensional Stellar System". Shyke Goldstein and Sami Cuperman (Accepted for Publication in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society).

"Elephant Survey in Ceylon". Oryx: Journal of the Fauna Preservation Society September 1968, pp. 36^365. Fred Kurt.

The Prehistory of Nubia, (3 vols), Fort Burguin Research Center and Southern Methodist University Press, 196S. Fred Wendorf.

Ashdod (a series of volumes), Israeli Department of Antiquities and Museums M. Dothan and D. N. Freedman.

Biblical Archeologist, May 1967 issue devoted entirely to the excavation at Gezer conducted by Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati.

Bulletin of the American Academy of Benares, has begun to be published regularlv on Asian art and archeology.

Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, a regular publication.

LISTING OF PROJECTS AND OVERALL PRIORITY

Senator Bible. You have shown on pages C-7 through C-23 the projects which you propose to support if the full amount of your budget estimate is appropriated. Would you please submit for the record a listing of these projects and the overall order of priority ?

Dr. Ripley. Yes, sir.

(The information follows:)

Program Priorities for Fiscal Year 1970

The Smithsonian must assign first priority in the use of its Special Foreign Currency Program appropriation to completion of research which has already been started. Second priority is assigned to pending research and third priority to new research. The table below shows the appropriation breakdown which results if this system of priorities is followed. An appropriation of $2,975,000 in foreign currencies would, therefore, be necessary to cover first priority on-goin°-research; an appropriation of $3,S20,000 to cover first and second priority research; and the full appropriation of $4,500,000 for all three priorities

An appropriation less than $2,975,000 in foreign currencies would necessitate a reduction in scale of year-round research already underway. Postponement of some seasonal field research projects, in which an initial investment in personnel and equipment has already been made, would also be necessary. Although the Smithsonian makes its grants subject to yearly review of research progress, the Institution usually makes a provisional commitment for the full term of each research project when the first year's grant is made, in order to make sound multi-year planning.

Second priority is assigned to pending research because this list represents projects which have reached an advanced stage of preparation and which the Smithsonian, through preliminary scientific review, has determined merit additional development and review. We expect most of this research to be realized within the coming year, as obstacles to implementation, such as incomplete research teams or lack of host government approval are overcome.

Projects which appear on the third priority list are new and in various states of preparation. Consequently, no judgment as to their priority can be assigned :it this time. These projects are considered worthy of Smithsonian consideration, but an assignment of priority could only follow careful scrutiny of the competence of the scholarly teams, which are in most cases still in the process of organization, and of the nature of the research plans and budgets.

PROGRAM PRIORITIES FOR FISCAL YEAR 1970

1st priority 2d priority 3d priority Totals

A. Archeology 1,420,000 350,000 230,000 2 000 000

B. Biology... 1,380,000 475,000 145,000 2000 000

C. Astrophysics 95,000 285,000 '380'000

D. Museum programs 60,000 15 OOO 75'000

E. International Exchange Service 15,666

15,000

F. Program development and administration 10,000 5, 000 5,666" 30000

Total 2,975,000 845,000 680,000 4,500,000

MUSEUM PROGRAMS AND RELATED RESEARCH (SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM)

1. FIRST PRIORITY OR ONGOING RESEARCH

(Grant expressed in U.S. dollars]

Recipient Pr °J ect

Year Grant

A ARCHEOLOGY AND RELATED DISCIPLINE

can colleges and universities). ogy and art nisiory. 1%7 ^ 7?g

1966 76,850 2. a™*,. »».«* Cen ,e, in E „„. <a T.a>ri»i^^-gj~. ^fflB ffi ' gS

?2SS<^£K ppo " ,d b " M*» , MSW-3 I & -* •» »•;»

Christian sites. 1%6 2 59,200

Hebrew Jnion college, seminars in biblical archeology for American graau- 968 134,250

ate students in archeology. 1%7 165.750

4. PeabodyMuseumofYa.eUnivers.ly.... To —u^i—logy fifttffi !3£ 'M

of Egypt, which have resulted in important dis- 1967 31.396

coveries relating to human evolution .. Sob 19.31U

, University o, Co.orado.... - K+SSSSSFtiF* " TUmS ' a " '" jg |S

6. Southern Methodist University To study prehistory of the area around Sibaiya, Egypt.. 1970 MO,000

1968 33,390

1967 39,800

1966 5,205

7. University Museum, University of To study remaining stones of the Temple of Akhnaten 1970 .60,000

Pennsylvania. at Luxor, tgypt. iggg 9 720

1967 65] 070

8 "MBA.*"*"'*"' uni, " s,,, 'TttlSSa'VSV'SS&Z H 'S3

0, "" C " g Mount Carmel in Israel. 1968 47.660

9. Carnegie Museum To continue the excavation of a Philistine city at Ash- 1970 ' 50."000

dod, Israel.

1968 56,180

1967 47,180

1966 50,000

ently unknown chambers. J-™' 23 320

11 University of Missouri ... To excavate at Tell Anafa, Israel, to understand better 1970 4o!c 11. University oi Missouri ^ ^^ q( Qreek ^^ ^ pales , ine and Egypt 969 40,000

in the period after 800 B.C. . 968 60,500

12 University of Minnesota To initiate a program of research in Yugoslavia with 970 '50.000

11. university or excavations of the unique Roman Palace of Diocletian 969 27,000

at Split Yugoslavia 1968 32,505

13 Smithsonian Institution Office of To study disappearing metalworking crafts of Pakistan 1970 40,000

Anthmpology and Ceylon as part of a worldwide study of anc.ent 969 20,000

AnUUOp00gy - technologies and their development 968 21,128

14. Yale University Pcabody Museum..... Tolocategrfope^quarry ^ffSSSSSfSTSt \%l MS

India 1968 43,850

15. Brooklyn Museum... To construct scale models of Egyptian monuments and 1970 i 10,000

archeological sites for study. j^ 4222

16. Institute for Advanced Study. Prince- To conduct interdisciplinary research andI excavations 1970 1 lMOO

ton in bronze and early iron ages of Northern Yugoslavia, tybs 0, uuu

1967 2^030

17 University of Chicago To provide research assistantships for graduate credit 1970 > 10,000

1/. university uiMiiLdsu.... in South Asian art at the American Academy of 1969 0,000

Benares, India, an affiliate of the American Institute 1967 11,400

of Indian Studies. ,. m .

18 University of Chicago — - To examine a Vaisnava religious community in West 1970 '",000

10. umveiMiy ui ww d t % en gz\ historically and sociologically. (Funds avail- 1969 50,000

able in 1967, awaiting Government of India approval).

19. AmericanUniversityinCairo... .. T.*«mg^*m« Mausotea* ,h. M.nj- 1970 -20,000

been studied and are threatened by growth and 1968 6,340 modernization of Cairo.

See footnotes at end of table

MUSEUM PROGRAMS AND RELATED RESEARCH (SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM)—Continued Recipient Project Year Grant

20. Dumbarton Oaks (Harvard) Center of To continue studies of the unique but rapidly disinte-

Byzantine Studies; American Acad- grating Roman and Byzantine mosaics at historic emy in Rome. Utica, Tunisia.

21. Smithsonian Institution To continue development of urgent anthropological

research in the excess countries as a part of the research program in changing cultures of the newly established center for the study of man.

22. University of Washington To continue studies of the relationship between social

structure and economic organization in the Vedda communities of Ceylon.

23. University of Illinois To continue comparative studies of the effects of

cultural Change on folk music in Israel and Tunisia.

24. Denison University To continue to build the Denison research through

exchanges of materials on ancient Burmese art with Burmese museums.

25. American Institute of Indian Studies.. To continue support for postdoctoral research in social

and cultural anthropology and linguistics of India and Ceylon.

26. University Museum, University of To continue study of Dra Abu El Naga tomb inscrip-

Pennsylvania. tions, Egypt.

27. Douglass College, Rutgers University... To continue excavations of the early Greek and Roman

settlements atSalona in Yugoslavia.

28. University of California, Los Angeles To continue excavations of an early neolithic settle-

ment at Anzibegova Macedonia, Yugoslavia, considered a crossroad for formative cultures of Western civilization.

29. University of Minnesota To continue studies of climatic influences on man's

shift from nomadic to settled life in the Middle East through studies of fossil evidence of evolving flora and fauna.

Subtotal, estimate for ongoing archeological research... 1,420,000

B. SYSTEMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY

1. National Academy of Sciences—U.S. To continue direct support to the U.S. National Corn-

National Committee Program for the mittee for the International Biological Program for International Biological Program. planning symposia, training of U.S. scientists, and

research program development.

2. National Academy of Sciences—U.S. To continue development of joint United States-Indian

National Committee for the IBP. research projects which strengthen U.S. research

and contribute to priority objectives of the U.S. International Biological Program.

3. University of Georgia.. To study the flow of energy through small rodent popu-

lations in different habitats in conjunction with the Ecological Institute of Poland.

4. Smithsonian Institution, Office of To study marine organisms of the Red Sea and eastern

Oceonography and Limnology. Mediterranean in order to determine what biological

interchange of species has occurred through the Suez Canal. S.Smithsonian Institution, Office of To accelerate the processing of marine organisms from

Oceanography and Limnology. the Mediterranean through the sorting facility known

as the Mediterranean Marine Sorting Ce >ter operated in cooperation with the Tunisian Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries.

6. University of Colorado... To continue to excavate a paleontological site in

the Miocene-Pliocene formations of south-central Tunisia to attempt to establish a chronology for fossil mammals in Tunisia which may help to determine a geological relationship with similar European formations.

7. Smithsonian Institution, Division of To continue investigations on the ecology of Palearctic

Birds. birds migrating through northeastern Africa, includ-

ing cooperative research on serology with the Rockefeller Virus Laboratory and ectoparasites with the Naval Medical Research Unit III in Egypt.

8. University of Michigan To continue taxonomic studies of Indian mollusks

through caryotype analysis and the cytogenetics of closely related species which will contribute to medical, public health, and veterinary programs.

9. Smithsonian Institution, National To continue studies of the evolution and behavior of

Zoological Park. related primates (Cercopithecidac) in different en-

vironments in Ceylon.

Footnotes at end of table.

MUSEUM PROGRAMS AND RELATED RESEARCH (SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM)-Contimied

Recipient Pro J ect

Year Grant

l0 2 lcal ™ K - burden is captured and trained to work with man 1968 4,371 after reaching maturity as a wild elephant rather than after domestication as a young animal.

»• •*-*->-*- ^jWasaSKaMASSr igj 1»8

i2.s-»—.n*«- Ve&'rasSdSttS'^as !| '|S

and techniques l°6o jy, 4uu

IS.Srrnthsonran Institution, Department To continue W ^ggJSOSJff^S& 1970 .20,000 ot b0Iany - India and to prepare collections for the Smithsonian's National Herbarium. .

U.Smithsonian Institution, Radiation Bi- To continue studies of solar radiationsta |or|'n Israel *o 970 80. 000

ology Laboratory. t^AlnO™ S 110.'000

15 University of Georgia To continue studies of the interaction of human and 1970 J 50.000

lb. universny oi ueorgid. ^^ ^^ populations in a variety of Temperate 1969 • 50,000

Zone environments in conjunction with the Ecological Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences

16. California Academy of Sciences _ To continue field investigationsof the habitatsof Indian 970 50,000

amphibians and reptiles especially in the tast-ais- isbs ' ou, uuu appearing virgin environments of that country.

17. Smithsonian Institution, Office of Ocean- To continue studies of the benthic and planktonic 1970 50,000

osranhv and Limnology bbogy of the Adriatic Sea in Yugoslavia. 1969 •"•"""

18 Duk-University To continue taxonomic studies in Yugoslavia of the 970 40.000

is. uuKe university Adriatic isopod and to prepare a handbook for the 1969 > 40,000

study around the world of this marine organism

19. Smithsonian Institution: National Zoo- To provide additional grants to Smithsonian scientists 970 bO.UUU

logical Park and Museum of Natural for increasing the national entomological, botanical, 1969 50, uuu Historv and zoological collections by expeditions to India, Ceylon, Egypt, Pakistan, Tunisia, and Morocco.

20. Smithsonian Institution, Office of Ecol- To continue ecological studies of Mediterranean and 970 '90. UUU

0BV Saharan environments in a multinational project 19fa9 iyu,uuu B conducted in research preserves being established in Tunisia as a result of recommendations of the International Biological Program.

21. Smithsonian Institution, Office of Ecol- To continue studies of the behavior of elephants and 970 bU, uuu

o g y. primates in India coordinated with baseline studies 1969 'bU.UUU

conducted in Ceylon. .„.„..

22. Union College, Schenectady, N.Y To collect and study the plankton communities of the 970 .170,000

Nile River Delta with special reference to the changes 1959 i<!lU,UOO of salinity and circulation caused by interruption of seasonal river fluctuation by the Aswan Dam.

23. Smithsonian Institution, Department To continue studies of South Asian birds and the prep 19/0 'b.uuu

of Vertebrate Zoology. aration of a handbook. J-jos a, uuu

24 Dartmouth College To continue studies of fresh water lakes organisms and 1970 l 20.000

sediments in Ceylon. 1969 ^u, uuu

25. University of Miami, Miami, Fla To continue studies in Ceylon of Carangid fishes which 1970 ' 25,000

constitute one of the major sources of man s food 1969 Zb,UUU

around the world. . . , n nm

26. University of the State of New York, To continue studies of the ecology of snails in Israel-. 9/U ^• u . u "

Stony Brook. u . , , i™ ,fn'on

27. University of Missouri To continue studies of the behavior and ecology of 1970 '^O.LUU

gazelles in Israel. '0°0 40, uuu

28. Library, Smithsonian Institution. To continue accelerated translation and publication of 1970 l5 °.°°0

reference works and monographs. !9bJ bu, uuu

Subtotal, estimate for ongoing bio- - - 1,380.000

logical research.

C. ASTROPHYSICS

1. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, To continue balloon experiments in cooperation with 1970 l3 0-000

Cambridge, Mass. the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bom- 969 4, UUU

bay, India, on gamma radiation reaching the earth s 1968 M, luu upper atmosphere from outer space at the magnetic

2. Hunter College of the City University of To continue computer analysis in Israel of the applica 1970 '35.000

New York and Smithsonian Astro- tion of principles of plasma physics concerning the 19fas ai.suu physical Observatory. movement of particles at extremely high speeds to

the movement of celestial bodies in galaxies—a study of the collective behavior of self-gravitating systems.

3. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.. To continue studies in Israel comparing theories devel 197U 3U, uuu

oped separately of the nature of the interior and of 1969 a, JUU the exterior of evolving stars.

Subtotal, estimate astrophysical ongoing research.

Recipient

Project

Estimated Year reques

D. MUSEUM PROGRAMS 1. U.S. National Museum

To assist, under the U.S. National Museum Act, with museum expertise and support, the program of the International Council of Museums, (ICOM) a UNESCO affilliate, to develop teaching museums of science and technology in Asia and Africa. For example, the Smithsonian has contributed in fiscal year 1968 to studies resulting in recommendations to ICOM that there be established in India a laboratory for basic exhibits in science and technology where teaching exhibits will be built for circulation in industrializing countries. The experiment wjll provide opportunities to American museum specialists to observe the effectiveness of exhibits in teaching basic science and technology to people of all cultural backgrounds.

1970 i $60, 000 1969 20,000

Subtotal, ongoing estimate museum programs.

F. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND ADMINISTRATION

1. Smithsonian Institution, Office of International Activities.

Subtotal, estimate program development and administration.

Total, 1st priority or ongoing research.

60,000

To defray costs of inspection and audit of field research 1970 i 20 000

sites and costs cf negotiation with host governments 1969 15,' 000

on program operations—costs which increase in step 1969 10,000 with the increasing numbers of active grants.

20, 000

2,975,000

II. SECOND PRIORITY OR PENDING RESEARCH

A.ARCHEOLOGY AND RELATED DISCIPLINES

1. University Museum, University of Pennsylvania.

2. University of Washington.

3. University of Wisconsin...

4. Smithsonian Institution, Office of Anthro-

pology.

5. American Institute of Indian Studies

American Academy of Benares.

6. Smithsonian Institution, Museum of

Natural History.

7. New York University; Columbia Uni-

versity; University of Michigan.

8. American Museum of Natural History

9. Smithsonian Institution, Office of Anthropology.

Subtotal, estimate for pending arche-ological research

To excavate the protohistoric of Kantarodai, Ceylon, to 1970 40,000

determine the nature and chronology of settlement

and relations with south India. To study the Byzanto-Slavic culture of medieval Bargala

in Yugoslavia. To study and film the rapidly disappearing Dhangars/

Bangars, the seminomadic shepherds of Maharashtra State, India. To study the rapidly disappearing crafts at village level

in India. To survey and initiate excavation of cultural sites of the

Pratihara period especially at Bhinmai in Rajasthan,

India. To survey and document the art history of Tibet on the

basis of objects currently being brought to India and

Nepal by Tibetan refugees. To excavate ancient Utica, Tunisia, employing interdisciplinary techniques designed to describe fully

the mode of life and environment characteristic of

successive cultures inhabiting the site. To initiate archeological excavations together with 1970 30,000

the Archeological Survey of India with special provision for the training of Americans in the archeology

of South Asia, today an area largely neglected by

U.S. scholarship. To initiate systematic collections of Indian folk art 1970 26,000

which is disappearing as village crafts yield to

urban technology.

350,000

See footnote at end of table.

Recipient

Project

Estimated Year request

B SYSTEMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY

1. Duke University —

2. University of California at Davis.

3. Smithsonian Institution, Office of

Ecology. .

4. Southern Methodist University

5 Smithsonian Institution. Office of Oceanographv and Limnology.

6. Johns Hopkins University

7. American University in Cairo

8. Smithsonian Institution, Office of Ecology.

9 Smithsonian Institution, Division of Invertebrate Paleontology.

10. University of Michigan.

11. University of Utah

12. Smithsonian Institution, Office of Ecology.

13. Smithsonian institution, Office of Ecology.

To conduct field studies in plant taxonomy and ecology

in the state of Assam, India. To study the taxonomy and distribution of the poorly known microscopic marine fauna of the Bay of Bengal on the basis of collections of marine sediments from the coastal region of East Pakistan. To study the ecology and behavior of hooved animals

in a teak forest in India. To undertake a definitive study of Quaternary age deposits on the floor and lower slopes of the Qattara Depression in the western desert of F-gypt-To collect and conduct taxonomic studies of the marine

fauna of West Pakistan's continental shelf. To complete studies of the population ecology of rhesus

monkeys in northern India. To study in Egypt the migration of marine biota between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal. To conduct studies of the pattern and behavior of birds during migration in the Himalayan Mountains ot northern India and Nepal. To study in I ndia the broadly distributed fossil ostracod which reveals through its varied physical appearance much about the climate and geography of the geologic era in which it lives. To study the snail, carrier of the disease, bilharziasis in the newly formed reservoirs and canals associated with the Aswan Dam in Egypt To collect the may flies of Pakistan for taxonomic studies as a part of specialized worldwide studies ot this species. , , ..

To investigate the plant ecology of the Laccadive Islands of India in cooperation with the Botanical Survey of India and to obtain a duplicate set ot specimens for the research collections of the U.b. National Museum. To collect for the U.S. National Museum and study the flora of the long neglected areas of India particularly the Malabar and the Coromandel Coast., and the Nilehiri and Khasia Hills—areas which served as sources of materials for classic botanical studies made as long ago as the 17th century and badly in need of revision.

Subtotal, estimate for pending biological research -

E INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS

1970 l 70, 000

475, 000

1. Smithsonian Institution T ° SU °P^ S °/° Ce3n 'h^^ 969

mental publications exchanged by the unitea Mates iaoj and the excess currency countries according to provisions of intergovernmental agreement.

Subtotal, estimate international exchange of scientific publications.

F. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND ADMINISTRATION

1. Smithsonian Institution, Office of Inter- To defay costs of ijsP^r^l^hl^VifnSpmmVnte national Activities. sites and costs of negotiation with host governments

on program operations—costs which increase in step'with the increasing numbers of active grants.

1970

Subtotal, estimate for program development and administration.

Total, 2d priority or pending research. See footnote at end of table.

M5,000 15, 000

15,000

i 5, 000

5,000

845,000

III. 3d PRIORITY OR NEW RESEARCH

Recipient Project v Estimated °' ecl Year request

A. ARCHEOLOGY AND RELATED DISCIPLINES

1. Southern Methodist University To study prehistoric industries and settlement patterns 1970 $5 000

, ,, ■ .. .. ... . , m the central Negev, Israel.

2. University of California, Los Angeles.... To excavate Islamic archeological sites in West Pakistan d. Brandeis University... To survey western Phoenician archeological sites in"

.... , Morocco.

4. University of Michigan To conduct research and excavations into the middle

c , ,. ... ., Paleolithic of northern Bosnia.

5. Indiana University.. To excavate at Aenona (modern Nin), Yugoslavia, a

r inet;t„* Q f„, a^ j o» j- o. Roman and medieval city built on a prehistoric site.

6. Institute for Advanced Studies, Stan- To conduct investigations in the archeology of historical

toiq university. Indis.

7. Columbia University; University of To conduct ethnohistorical research into the history of

Pennsylvania traits of traditional life in modern India.

8. University of Washington. To conduct investigations into the chalcolithic and

early civilization of India.

Subtotal, estimate for new archeological research.

B. SYSTEMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY

1. University of Montana To conduct pilot studies of the behavior and ecology of 1970 110 000

the wild boar in West Pakistan—a little studied animal which is nevertheless considered a significant agri-o m- u- o . cultural pest.

2. Michigan State University To initiate long-term studies of the biotic productivity 1970 115 000

of a natural forest and large mammal community in NeDal

3 ' Sm M t ! 1 ^L a c ' nstit " ti0 "' Mediterranean To convene a symposium in Tunisia to review progress 1970 110 000

Marine Sorting Center. and set objectives for forthcoming research on

, _ . , meiofauna.

4. Smithsonian Institution, Office of Ecology To study the ecology and behavior of ungulates in 1970 115 000

Ceylonese forests—a study supplementary to studies of the Ceylonese elephant, vegetation, etc., in a series of ecological studies which form a pattern for other

K _ . . world areas.

Frni s n ° 0 n u ' an lnstltutlon - 0ffice of To assist in the planning and conduct of a symposium 1970 i 20 00n tC0l0gy in India on natural resource conservation problems

in tropical environments in collaboration with the International Union for the Conservation of Nature

c c ... , • ■ and Natural Resources.

b. bmitnsonian Institution, Department of To study the biosystematics of the insects of Ceylon as 1970 125 000 entomology, a part of the model program of ecological studies of

7 .. . that tropical island.

/. university of Georgia To study organic productivity and nutrient cycling in

tropical ecosystems in collaboration with the Hindu 1970 '20 000

University of Benares, India. This study has been proposed to the national committees for the international biological program of both the United States

o v . .. . . and India.

o. raie university To measure habitat relationships, numbers, and 1970 '10,000

distribution of wild ungulates in the Gir Forest, India—one of a series of ecological studies to be proposed for United States-Indian IBP sponsorship and to be based in this unique tropical forest preserve where the last of the Asian lion, of biblical

Q Q ■ . ... fame, survives.

a. icripps nstitutton of Oceanography, To plan in collaboration with the Indian Institute of 1970 "20,000 La joiia, Calif. Oceanography periodic research cruises along a

carefully determined line of collection stations to collect sediments and marine biota and record changing marine and climatological data.

Subtotal, estimate for new biological research 145 m

See footnote at end of table.

Recipient

Project

Estimated Year request

C. ASTROPHYSICS 1. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory..

2. Harvard University.

3. Smithsonian Institution, Office of the Secretary.

4. Harvard University and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.

5. Harvard University and Smithsonian

Astrophysical Observatory.

6. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.

7. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Mass.

8. Harvard University...

9. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory..

Subtotal, new astrophysical research. D. MUSEUM PROGRAMS

To record and analyze together with data from around the world, at the Uttar Pradesh State Observatory, India film exposures of suspected flare stars, a relatively newly discovered class of variable stars with radio and optical energies several orders of magnitude higher than emissions from the largest solar flares. .

To initiate a collaborative program with the Indian Institute of Science leading to a publication on the historical, mathematical, and theoretical foundations of the theory of radiation gas dynamics.

To assist in studies sponsored by the newly created Center for Short-Lived Phenomena, a clearinghouse for the receipt and dissemination of information concerning rare or infrequent natural events that might otherwise go unobserved or uninvestigated, such as remote volcanic eruptions, the birth of new islands, the fall of meteorites and large fireballs and sudden changes in biological and ecological systems.

To select, translate, and publish the key works of the distinguished Polish Copernican scholar, L. A. Birkenmajer, in collaboration with the International Astronomical Union. The publication will make available for the first time to large segments of American and other English-speaking scholarly communities invaluable analysis of the astronomy of Copernicus. .......

To initiate collaborative studies with Indian astro-physical institutions leading to the design of instrumentation for stellar observation.

To conduct laboratory studies of the spectra of hydnds and oxides in the visible and vacuum ultraviolet

To investigate solar radiation pressure perturbations upon the passive geodetic earth-orbitting satellite (Pageos) in collaboration with the University of Warsaw and the Polish Academy of Sciences.

To conduct laboratory studies of the excitation processes in stellar, planetary, and cometary atmospheres. . ... ,

To measure air glow and ionospheric characteristics at the magnetic equator in studies contributing to the understanding of the nature of the upper atmosphere and of some of its effects on satellites.

1. University Museum, University of Pennsylvania and Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition Service.

1970 110,000

1970

1970

1970

125,000 140,000

i 15,000

285,000

To prepare an exhibit catalog, to be the first scholarly publication on a unique collection at Benares Hindu University of miniature paintings of the Mohgul period of Indian art for distribution through American museums exhibiting such art treasures for the first time in the United States. 2 Milwaukee Museum and the University To conduct a phot program of professional training tor of Wisconsin museum curators and technicians in collaboration

with museums in India and Tunisia through 2-way exchanges of personnel foi on-the-job training supplemented in the United States with university courses in museology. The exchanges are expected to enrich substantially the programs of the participating United States and foreign institutions.

1970

15,000

1970 110,000

Total for museum programs.

15,000

F. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND ADMINISTRATION

1. Smithsonian Institution, Office of Inter- To defray costs of inspection and audit of field research 1970 ' 5, 000

national Activities.

Subtotal, estimate for program development and administration

sites and costs of negotiation with host governments on program operations—costs which increase in step with the increasing numbers of active grants.

Total 3d priority or new research. Grand total

5,000

680, 000 4,500,000

i Estimate.

NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PAKE

Senator Bible. There will be placed in the record the estimate which you submit for $600,000 for the capital improvement program at the National Zoological Park in fiscal year 1970.

For the record, please review the program of improvements which has been carried on at the zoo since it was undertaken in fiscal year 1963.

m Dr. Eipley. Yes. We have a complete record which we will put into the record.

(The information follows:)

Construction and Improvements

1968 appropriation $400 ^

1969 appropriation , 30(X 000

19,0 estimate 600; 000

An appropriation of $600,000 is requested to continue a program of essential renovation, repairs, and the elimination of air pollution at the National Zoological Park. "

In fiscal year 1963 the Congress appropriated funds for the first increment of a long-term program to redevelop and improve the National Zoological Park At that time the 73-year-old Zoological Park had not had any major improvements since the mid-1930's. except for a police building constructed in 1956, although the collection of animals, reptiles, and birds had become one of the largest and finest in the world, and visitor attendance had grown to 4,000.000 annually. A widely acclaimed master plan was approved as a basis for redevelopment which would cost approximately 17-million dollars over a ten-year period. A rapid pace of development was maintained for the next five vears and work was completed on new roads, parking areas, sewer lines, a new flight cage, renovated bird house, new deer paddocks, an incinerator, antelope houses and paddocks, and service facilities. In 196S, however, the pace slackened because construction funds could not be provided due to more urgent demands and a request had to be made for funds to maintain and continue the useful life of those antiquated facilities not yet replaced.

The excellence of the new facilities must not eclipse the critical condition of those portions not yet completed. The redevelopment job is onlv half-done. Eventually, momentum must be regained to replace the 7S-year-old lion house, the 6(-year-old bear pens, the inadequate and unsanitarv mammal pools the wolf liens, the monkey facilities, and the disgraceful restaurant building. Ail of these facilities are now seven years older than they were when the improvement program was started and because their replacement has been anticipated, their maintenance has been minimal. Major repairs now are required to keep these buildings m operation for an indefinite period of time. All main program items are deferred for another year.

Funds in the amount of .$300,000 are requested to repair, renovate, and extend the useful life of miles of fencing and walks, along with a maze of cases, exhibits, walls, roofs, and utilities that comprise the 167-acre Zoological Park. Although all new facilities are designed to require a minimum of maintenance, some repairs are occasionally required. Because these facilities retain highly dangerous animals and reptiles, repairs must be made promptly, regardless of cost. With the continued deferral of replacement of old buildings the need for this priority request becomes critical to insure continued public sai'elv and to prevent excessive deterioration in advance of future replacement.

Tll >' balance of the request. s:;i/;>,; 1,0. j s for installations of heating plants. The central coal-fired heating plant at the Zoological Park, built in L937, has been criticized for several years by city inspection officials and by loca] residents as a source on obnoxious air pollution. The improvemenl program proposes installation of smaller, modern heating plants in each building and the eventual elimination of the central plant. The age and extensive deterioration of die central plant have placed it in extremely dangerous condition. The plan! bould be discontinued before the next heating season. The District of Columbia Department of Licenses and Inspections permits continued operation of the plant only because

manning is underway for a replacement If that Department should force a shut-do v hose aSis which require heated shelters could not survive a winter ti Z ". animalscomprise about 80 percent of the collection. To provide alternate 1 eatfngS^promptly and in compliance with efforts of the Federal Government to eHi inate air pollution from Government facilities, tins Is a high priority. Tins appropriSion will allow continuation of heating plant conversion autnonzed in the fiscal year 1969 appropriation.

STATUS OF PROGRAM

Appro-Start Complete priation

Fiscal Year Name and Project

1963 Smithsonian Institution: Access road..... February-1963 September 1963... $10,000

1Mb """ Planning: Birdhouse and flightcage March 1963. Januaryl965 IBU.uuu

Construction - ~

1,275,000 Total =

i*« - - ^St^^! n: lncinerator ::::: ^m^:::::::: SZ2Bx*z-: ii!:SS

Con t£i„„ July 1964 ... November 1965.....)

Kerfyyard"""" ""I" jB WML"" November 1965..... 1,070,180

Trunk sewers;;:::".:::".:::: December 1965...... April 1967. I

1.275,000

Total -

1965 Smithsonian Institution: Hoofed stock April 1965 December 1966 ... 10,000

£lhKfe::::::::: ES:::::::::: Sggfcr. ».'»

1,525.000

Total.

1966 Smithsonian Institution -- - -- - -- - - ---- ~m,7,Yqcq 149 000

Planning: Multiclimate house September 1966..... May 1969 149.uuu

Construction: Hospital and research March 1968 August 1969... 1,380,000

complex.

T . , ... 1,539,000

Total. - —

1967 Smithsonian Institution _.-- r.'.fJioVn" lfin'nnn

Di.„„',„n- D„Mi„ corwiroc—Arlminktra- n v 1969 July 1970 IbU.UUU

OHM UliUiMOM i i ion iu uv'i i _ W/+t\ I 1 G7i*l

Planning: Public services—Administra- July 1969... ..Juiyia/u

tion buildii Construction

Total

ding Multiclimate house... ..July 1969 October 1970... 1.419.000

1,589,000

1968 Planning: Bears, aquatic mammals, goats. May 1967 June 1969 ...

Construction: Waterfowl pond June 1968 December 1968.

100,000 300. 000

Total.

400,000

1969 Construction: inln inn nnn

Heating plants... June 1969.. June 1970. 100.000

Repairs.. September 1968 September 1969 200, uuu

Total.

300.000

1970.-- Construction: 300,000

Total.

Heating plants January 1970 January 1971 300, UUU

Repairs. January 1970 January 1971. 300, 0 0t)

600,000

Plans for the Future

Senator Bible. What is the time required for completion of the program? .

Dr. Ripley. We would like, of course, to go on through to a rapid completion, but our plans have been contingent on the fact that we have been held back in the last 2 budget years by austerity. We had an authorized 10-year construction program and then because of the holdback, we have had to phase down and extend the program.

Senator Bible. Why don't you bring- us up to date on what vour proposed program is from here out? I mean, making allowance for the fact that you have encountered certain freeze orders.

Dr. Ripley. Yes.

(The information follows:)

1. Fiscal year 1911.— Develop the area in the present location of the police station, cafeteria, and duck ponds, including construction of a new restaurant public service building and duck ponds. This area would also include renovation of a new police building, the present puma house, and the development of the area next to the present bear pits.

2. Fiscal year 1912.— Using available working drawings, construct a service complex to house the mechanical and related facilities adjacent to Rock Creek at the upper end of the Zoo grounds. At the same time, redevelop and modernize the exhibit for wolves and sea lions in their present areas.

3. Fiscal year 1973.— Develop the area now occupied by the present 78-vear old hon house for a modern exhibit of big and little cats. Also develop a new pedestrian entrance at the Connecticut Avenue entrance.

4. Fiscal year 1974.— Develop the presently unoccupied area at the southern edge of the Zoo, bordering Rock Creek. This area would be utilized for the outdoor exhibit of bears, wild goats, sheep, moose, and elk

5. Fiscal year 1975.—Remodel the Reptile building and construct a new primate exhibit for which tentative plans are now available.

6. Fiscal year 1976.— Modernize and remodel the present small mammal building and the present monkey house for improved animal exhibition. In the area adjacent to the small mammal house construct a new giraffe exhibit.

7. Fiscal year 1977.— Modernize the present elephant building and redevelop the outside exhibit areas adjacent to the elephant house.

These incremental developments are subject to constant review and repro-gramming in accordance with actual future appropriations.

HEATING SYSTEM CONVERSION

Senator Bible. In last year's budget presentation, you stated that an appropriation of $200,000 would permit substantial completion of a heating system conversion at the Zoo. You were onlv allowed $100,000. y

Dr. Eiplet. Yes.

Senator Bible. I note, however, that this year you are requesting $300,000 to install heating plants in the individual buildings and indicate that if this amount is approved it will be possible eventually to eliminate the central heating plant. If this year's request is granted how much do you estimate will be required in future years and when do you think the central heating plant can be eliminated ?

Dr. Ripley. Dr. Reed, would you like to speak to that?

Dr. Reed. We hope to eliminate the central heating plant within 1 lie next fiscal year, if possible, depending on what the engineering studies that are now going on show us. So it should be within this coming fiscal year or the next one depending on the engineering studies.

Senator Bible. What, as you see it, in this heating system conversion at the Zoo is the total cost involved? You ran refresh your memory on it and supply it for the record.

Dr. Ripley. The total cost is expected to be about $500,000 for the hea i ing plant modifications. That is the total.

Senator Bible. You were allowed $100,000 toward that last yea r '.

Dr. Ripley. Yes.

Senator Bible. So you need $400,000 more?

Dr Ripley. We are requesting $300,000.

Senator Bible. So that will leave you $100,000 to go ?

Dr. Ripley. Yes.

RESTORATION AND RENOVATION OF BUILDINGS

Senator Bible. You propose an appropriation of $755,000 for re$-toratioTand^enovatioiTof four facilities of the Smithsonian Institution.Thejustification statement submitted m support ot this request will be printed in the record.

(The iustifications follow:)

v J $1,125,000

1968 appropriation __ 400,000

1969 appropriation _ ~ 755j 000

1970 estimate

\n appropriation of $755,000 is requested for the following projects:

r . * _— S300. 000

Radiation Biology Laboratory — ' 0()(> Q00

Renwick Gallery of Art -—---- 125'000

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute JgJ> QW)

Silver Hill Facility '

* -, r.-A 755, 000

Total estimate for 19<0 400 000

Less amount appropriated in fiscal year 1969 * w - """

Increase in fiscal year 1970 355 ' 00 °

RADIATION BIOLOGY LABORATORY

\n appropriation of $300,000 is requested for continuing the relocation of the

^^l^^l^^^l years 1968 and 1969 work has been started to relocate the Smithsonian Radiation Biology Laboratory from cramped dungeon Hke rooms in the basement of the old Smithsonian Institution building to f new leased laboratory building at Rockville, Md. The General Services Administration assisted the Smithsonian Institution with locating space and

^ThTaddrtio^aVamount requested in fiscal year 1970 will permit additional portions of the Laboratory to be moved to the new building, as soon as experimental programs permit. As experiments are completed, laboratories are closed and equipment is dismantled and moved. After installation m the new building, experiments are rescheduled. ,

Comprehensive research to study the effect of light on plant growth and development started at the Smithsonian Institution in 192S. Within a few years, the Radiation Biology Laboratory achieved a leadership position m this important field of studv and has maintained this position. Additionally, the Laboratory has pioneered in'the development of solar radiation instruments and calibration standards for measuring biological responses. Basic research of significance to a-ricultural and health-oriented problems has been accomplished and published. "The provision of adequate, properly configured laboratory areas is essential to relieve the present intolerable space situation and to insure future contributions to knowledge on the effects of light on man and his environment.

RENWICK GALLERY OF ABT

An appropriation of $200,000 is requested for continuing the important and nearly completed work on restoration of the old Corcoran Gallery of Art at 17th and Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.

In fiscal rear 1967 the Congress approved transferring the original Corcoran Gallery of Art, then known as the Court of Claims, from the General Services Administration to the Smithsonian Institution and appropriated funds to preserve the building and restore it for use as an art gallery. Its location next door to the Blair House, and across the street from the White House, presents an opportunity for a small museum, specializing in American arts, crafts, and de-

wm. £• i eT ? Washington and at the focus of international attention

With this important use m mind the building is being carefully restored to its original magnificence as an architectural and artistic masterpiece and Sin? are being prepared for an opening in 1970. P

For a while it appeared that time, erosion, and hard wear along with serious fn^ tUr ^ d ^ age C ? USed hy fouu <lation settlement, had combinedFt?present any worthwhile restoration. The combined cooperative efforts of many 3 including the architect, the General Services Administration staff, and the ??n struction contractors have been successful and the restored building fs a tribue to that cooperation. The badly deteriorated brownstone has been fuHv and faith S/S ° red Y 1 ^ all j ts ^corative garlands, medallions, festoJns wreaths ami other 19th century pediments as fresh and sharp as they were orMnallv Th?

SaX'S. "^ m ° dmcati011 for use as 2 art gauVfc an equally'high

fw*^ , funds / T n a ! la f le «= wil * not be possible to complete all restoration work

nnnw TT d - 7° rk leSS 6SSentiai t0 ful1 use of the building win be deferred until budget restraints are less severe. It is necessary, however tha: an Vlii tional amount be provided to improve the receiving-service area sothat nhS can be moved into the building without blocking the frSnt entmnce comnlS ?™ * °h t fl h \ interior finis ^s now deferred, correct deficients in toe r'oSZer ng and flashing improve the broken and unsafe sidewalk, and instaH muSnm

"il^^^^^^^^^^ *-»« - essentfal^XrS

SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL EESEARCH INSTITUTE

agement of the reserve and with providing support facilit?P<ffm T™ sponsored scientists. Increasing numbers of theseStists areusSl tle^S" So^^ —tanXl »£

and to provide space for scientists to keep their equipS anJ^coHection? Tnese SlSESLE* ^crowded and som e minimal additional phys£TScmtie?lre ffilS^n^L? SUPP ° rt ^ gr ° WiDg MmberS ° f SCi "^ -Sing rn S

tions With an appropriation of $100,000, a replacement facilitYrZl^tLl^'

leefof flo g or tf l0W T' maS ° nry buildin S witi S^t efy 10 000 square fnth/ w,», Spa ? e ° aU b 8 P rovide d on Government-owned land made ,vS to the Smithsonian Institution by the United States NavvThiT r2iI25 ?S?

KSffif IS,;?, 66 for books ' papers ' labora? S X&^SEXK

£g» d ^^ -ire manner ancl

S£wS£5T^ nimum essential repairs t0 continue SSS

SILVER HILL FACILITY

An appropriation of 55130,000 is requested for imnrovfinr.i.f • «.„i r future facilities at the Smithsonian Institution JtagJKuS'at Silver !m!Tf

If the Smithsonian Institution is to continue to acr, r , ,,, ,-ls , i ' ! ' L a national historical and scientific depository and on l„l„ r , : o I ni,,s \t£t Government, at an average rate compar;. 1.1.. (., fint of m.< no , ,,, tes

objects a year), it is obvious that a S^TdS^Mt^mSStS^i ''' ?% will be needed. Rather than continue ,o ns, „ SSfifl SSS^&^ffi

i.urton Mall as warehouses, a new solution is proposed. The Smithsonian tos«tu-on hasusedGovernmentowned land at Silver Hill, Md., for several years to store and rrfurblh large objects such as historic aircraft, engines, and vehicles Seveml temporary-type prefabricated metal buildings have been constructed to nrnvidp nrotection from the weather for some objects.

P T\fnow proposed to make some immediate improvements in existing facilities fowilTnZmal skeletons and for small objects from the Museum of History and Technology. Funds in the amount of $50,000 are requested tor this purpose An additional $80,000 are requested, as a very high priority, for preparing plans for a long-term development of the Silver Hill area. By removing the temporary buildings and constructing permanent, specially-designed warehouses and laboratories the Institution will be prepared to administer and manage the National Collections. This ultimate development would then free substantial space in Mall buildings for additional exhibits and public service needs.

Radiation Biology Laboratory

Senator Bible. I think the first one, maybe you have already somewhat testified to this, the radiation biology lab and that is very largely for relocation to Rockville, if I understand it.

Dr. Ripley. Yes. .«,.«• i .n ^ o

Senator Bible. You expect that to be m Rockville in about 6 months '.

Dr. Ripley. Yes.

Rex wick Gallery of Art

Senator Bible. You have testified about the restoration of the Ren-wick Gallery of Art. How much have you expended on that restoration

at date? _ % , ,.

Dr. Ripley. We have already spent $1,870,000 for the renovation

of that building.

Senator Bible. $200,000 would complete the job I

Dr Ripley. It will provide a usable, facility and permit the opening of the building. Some additional funds will be requested in 1971.

Tropical Research Institute, Canal Zone

Senator Bible. Last year, you requested, and I believe you were given, $100,000 to construct a building to be used as a laboratory space for the Tropical Research Institute. That was denied or was

not granted?

Dr. Ripley. We didn't receive it.

Senator Bible. Is your request this year for the same building <

Dr. Ripley. For the $125,000 ? We now estimate it would cost about $100,000 for that building.

Senator Bible. Is it for the same building ?

Dr. Ripley. Yes.

Senator Bible. If this building is constructed, will you retain your

present administrative office space in the Canal Zone ?

Dr. Ripley. Yes.

Silver Hill Storage Facility

Senator Bible. You have $130,000 for your facility at Silver Hill, Md. First, where is Silver Hill, Md.? . .

Dr. Ripley. Silver Hill is just on the border of the District m a southeast direction, just over the hill from Anacostia, in Suitland, Md.

Senator Bible. You are asking for—that is not that museum, though \

Dv. Ripley. No.

Senator Bible. It is not the Anacostia Museum ?

Dr. Ripley. No; this is where our principal storage area is. This is where we have a number of storage and conservation study areas for the National Collections.

Senator Bible. Will that do the total -job? What will vou use the $130,000 for?

Dr. Ripley. We believe that with the funds requested this year, namely $130,000, we can accomplish planning, we will design the environmental and mechanical systems to be provided inside the buildings for the specific needs of the collections, and final drawings will also be prepared for an initial increment to be constructed with funds to be requested in fiscal year 1971. Prior to completion of this plan, it is very difficult, I am afraid, to determine the total cost involved. We must have the plan. However, it is tentatively expected that over a 10-year period, we might have to have a development program about $2 million per year to provide the facilities for adequate storage and appropriate care of the collections within the buildings.

Squaee Footage of Warehouse Space

Senator Bible. How much square foot space do you have in warehousing ?

Dr. Ripley. I will have to enter that into the record. I don't have the figure with me at this time. Our total square foot area on the Mall itself is over 3 million for all purposes. But the area of the Silver Hill facility I don't have and will furnish.

(The information follows:)

Objects in the National Collections are stored in Smithsonian buildings on the

Mall or in warehouse-type structures off the Mall. Space available for this

purpose is:

Square feet

Mall buildings 491, 000

Off-the-mall buildings:

Silver Hill, Md 224, 200

Lamont St 47, 300

Alexandria Record Center 100,000

24th St 36, 400

Total 898, 900

JOSEPH H. HIRSHHORN MUSEUM AND SCULPTURE GARDEN

Senator Bible. For fiscal year 1970 you ask an appropriation of $6,200,000 for continued work on the Joseph H. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. The justification statement supporting this request will be printed in the record.

(The justification follows:)

1968 appropriation $803, 000

1969 appropriation 2, 000, 000

1970 estimate 6, 200, 000

An appropriation of .$6,200,000 is requested to continue construction of the Joseph H. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.

By the Act of November 7, 1966, the Congress provided a site on the Mall for construction of the Joseph H. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden and provided statutory authority Cor the appropriation of construction and operating funds. Within this appropriation authority funds wore appropriated in fiscal year 1968 for the preparation of plans and specifications. In fiscal year 1969 an

23-758 O—69—p<t. 1 57

additional $2,000,000 were appropriated to start construction and authorization was granted by language in the appropriations bill to enter into construction contracts in an amount not to exceed $14,197,000.

The present schedule calls for a construction bid opening in March, 1969, with construction running continuously until April 1971. Exhibits will be installed during the following six months and the new museum will be opened to the public in October 1971. Funds now appropriated will finance construction activities through fiscal year 1969. An additional $6,000,000 are requested for continuing construction through fiscal year 1970. Additonal funds requested will be used for continuing contract payments for an obligation incurred under the authorization contained in the 1969 appropriations bill and will not be used to incur a new obligation.

As a corollary to the authorization for the Joseph H. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, the Act of November 2, 1966, authorized the Secretary of the Army to construct an addition to the existing Armed Forces Institution of Pathology at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Funds for construction of this addition were appropriated to the Department of Defense in fiscal year 1968. This new addition, when completed in January 1970, will house the Medical Museum and a research unit formerly housed in the Medical Museum building at Seventh Street and Independence Avenue, the site of the Hirshhorn Museum. To comply with the intent of Congress and proceed promptly with construction of the Hirshhorn Museum, the Medical Museum must be relocated to temporary quarters until the new building is completed at Walter Reed. Funds for this interim move have not been included in previous budgets and an appropriation in the amount of $200,000 is now requested. The estimate was prepared by the General Services Administration, which will prepare temporary space at the old Bureau of Standards site on Connecticut Avenue and accomplish this move.

Relocation of Medical Museum

Senator Bible. I understand there is $200,000 in your budget for the purpose of relocating the Medical Museum. That is the one that goes up to Walter Reed ?

Dr. Ripley. Yes.

Senator Bible. That expense falls on you rather than on

Dr. Ripley. The General Services Administration and the Department of Defense requested us to carry this as an expense in our budget.

Senator Bible. You have whatever authorization you need to back up your expenditure ?

Dr. Ripley. Yes, sir. The new AFIP building is being constructed under the Department of Defense.

Senator Bible. I am familiar with that, I also handled that one. I didn't know about the moving expense.

Dr. Ripley. The costs of the interim move to the old Bureau of Standards Building were not included at the time that that construction item was appropriated. So the Bureau of the Budget subsequently permitted us to ask for this under Hirshhorn construction as a part of the cost of clearing the Mall site.

Senator Bible. When will that building be completed I

Dr. Ripley. The AFIP building at Walter Reed will be completed in January of 1970.

Senator Bible. The $200,000 is sufficient to take care of the complete moving ?

Dr. Ripley. This is what we were told initially.

Senator Bible. Where do we find the $200,000? Is that in your Hirshhorn estimate?

Dr. Ripley. That is right. It is under the Hirshhorn construction appropriation. The General Services Administration has now notified us that the total cost for moving the Armed Forces Institute of Path-

ology is $280,000. If the additional amount cannot be funded from the Hirshhorn Museum construction appropriation, it will be included in a future budget request.

PUBLIC EXHIBIT SPACE

Senator Bible. I don't want you to go to a lot of trouble on it, but it is always intriguing to know how much display space you have in square footage or acres or miles or whatever you do, because you have sure got a lot of it. How much is it ?

Dr. Eiplet. We can break it down. I don't know whether we know exactly.

Senator Bible. Is there any other institution in the world that has as much square footage or display space as the Smithsonian? Dr. Eiplet. No, sir. I have enjoyed visiting with you. Senator Bible. I have no further questions. (The information follows:)

The total of public exhibit space in the Smithsonian's buildings on the Mall and the Fine Arts and Portrait Galleries building is 762,000 square feet.

SUBCOMMITTEE RECESS

We will stand in recess and you will have adequate time to submit whatever you want by way of additional backup. You can work freely. Just as long as you get it in within 2 weeks. I have set a target date of 2 weeks. I don't know if I can meet it. Thank you very much.

(Whereupon, at 4:06 p.m., Friday, March 14, the subcommittee was recessed, to reconvene at the call of the Chair.)

[Subsequently the following replies were submitted in response to committee questions.]

Bicentennial of the American Revolution

Question An additional specialist is requested for work on the Bicentennial of the American Revolution. His salary and supporting activities will amount to $50,000. How many personnel arc now assigned to the Bicentennial, and what is the total 1969 program in dollars?

Answer A full-time coordinator of Smithsonian activities and contributions recently has been obtained on detail from the United States Information Agency—a distinguished and senior member of its staff who is experienced in exhibitions and participation in the celebration of commemorative events. The coordinator is attached to the Office of the Director General of Museums, Lnited States National Museum. Within the Museum of History and Technology, the principal Smithsonian museum concerned with Bicentennial activities, no single staff member works full-time on the Bicentennial, but a number of employees are participating in the development of activities. Within this Museum, approximately $20,000 of staff time and $35,000 of other costs, for a total of $o5,000 will be spent on the Bicentennial in fiscal year 1969.

Question. What has been accomplished thus far in the work which you arc doing in preparation for celebration of the Bicentennial?

Answer. The Smithsonian is participating actively in the deliberations of the American Revolution Bicentennial Commission and has submitted recommendations for nationwide observances, for the circulation of cultural and historical exhibits from place to place among the Revolutionary sites, for cultural exchanges with the countries of origin of the ancestors of large segments of our population, for the development of permanent urban improvements such as the academic quadrangle in downtown Washington, and for a national focal point for tourists centered in the Mall and the institutions bordering it.

A number of notable events have occurred recently in the Museum of History and Technology in connection with the commemoration of events leading up to the Bicentennial. . .

Two years ago exhibits were completed for a major portion of the Armed Forces history section of the Museum of History and Technology including chronological exhibits. These tell by means of historic specimens, documents, and finely detailed models the military history of America from the earliest explorations. Such notable relics as General George Washington's campaign tent associate the visitor with the actual objects of history. The new ordnance hall shows military and naval arms dating from Colonial times. The oldest American man-of-war'still in existence, the Revolutionary War gunboat Philadelphia, was installed adjacent to the ordnance hall. Adjacent exhibits cases and panels document the strategically important battle of Valcour Island, Lake Champlain. and the part played by the crew of the Philadelphia in that battle.

Special exhibits commemorating the Stamp Act and George Mason and the Bill of Rights have been prepared. Significant objects belonging to George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and other Revolutionary War figures are displayed in the new Growth of the United States exhibition which opened in June 1967. Another in a series of special exhibits commemorating events leading up to the American Revolution opened in June 1968. This is "The Glorious Cause of Liberty: the Townshend Acts and the American Revolution." An exhibit on the Movement to the West which took place about 1769 is being developed.

Using funds appropriated in fiscal year 1969, a script for a large-scale exhibition has been drafted to the point that individual exhibit components can be fully scripted and designed if the overall plan is approved and funded over the next several years.

A major study of American agriculture during the period 1775-1783 is underway with particular reference to the impact of the Revolution on farming.

(898)

Among the items added to the collection has been an unusually fine example of a Brown Bess musket marked "29th Regt." Elements of this unit participated in the "Boston Massacre." An additional important object is a Snetzler organ of 1761. This instrument, which is the only survival from this famous maker, was the property of Dr. Samuel Bard, surgeon to George Washington and founder of the first American medical school at Kind's Colleee New York Its value is estimated at $20,000.

In its fiscal year 1970 Budget request, the Museum of History and Technologv is requesting $50,000 for the acquisition of important artifacts to fill significant gaps in existing collections, for documentation work, including computerized cataloging of holding of museum materials and control of information on the entire Bicentennial, and for space planning for exhibits and other commemorative presentations.

The National Portrait Gallery is continuing preparation of the Catalog of American Portraits, a national inventory of likenesses of Americans of historical significance, including those instrumental in achieving the nation's independence

Legislation has been introduced in the 91st Congress for site acquisition in connection with the development of the Armed Forces Historical Museum Park. This park with Revolutionary period exhibits would be in the line of travel of thousands of visitors between Washington and Revolutionary sites to the east and south.

Museum of Natural History

Question. An increase of $100,000 is proposed for the Museum of Natural History in order to initiate an automatic data processing program for collection information. Is this a new program?

Answer. Beginning in fiscal year 1967 a project supported in part by a grant from the Department of Health, Education and Welfare was undertaken for the purpose of studying the feasibility of using electronic data processing in organizing, storing, and making available information covering Museum collections. The results of this study are to be provided to all museums desiring to use them.

The utilization of the systems and techniques developed in that feasibility study by applying them to the collections in the National Museum of Natural History represents the logical and anticipated outgrowth of the initial project.

Question. Would you describe what you propose to accomplish with this increase?

Answer. The proposed increase would enable the National Museum of Natural History to utilize the techniques and systems developed in the feasibility study for the handling of the data related to two of its collections. These are, first, the more recent additions to the mammal and bird collections which number about 100,000 specimens and; second, the collection of ores, drill cores, and "suites" of minerals. This latter involves approximately 30,000 specimens. These several collections represent subject matter of particular interest to outside researchers. Once these projects are completed, the staff and other resources represented by the budget increase will be applied to other important collections.

Question. How long do you estimate will be required to process all of the Natural History collections, and what is your estimate of its total cost?

Answer. There are now over 50 million specimens in the Natural History collections. The conversion of the records for this entire number, which increases at a rate of about a million specimens a year, is ;i very long term project, the duration and cost of which it is not possible to estimate in any reliable way. There are just too many variables, not the least of which is the tremendous rate of progress being made in the EDP field so that projects not economically feasible just a few years ago are now handled almost routinely. We plan to work toward the goal of conversions of the entire Museum record system to EDP. We intend to Kive attention first to those collections that are the most active and to those whose conversion to EDP will permit us to provide t\|MS of data for research which we are now able to furnish only at considerable cost, if Indeed we can furnish it at all.

Anacostia Neighborhood Museum

Question Arc any other Smithsonian Institution funds used for the Anacostia Neighborhood Museum in addition to the ones that are appropriated under this

6 Answer Yes during the current fiscal year the Office of Exhibits has provided approximately $16,000 in services and materials to the Neighborhood Museum, to help the Museum mount nine special exhibits. These services and materials are identical to those which the Office of Exhibits supplies to other Smithsonian museums. In addition, the Buildings Management Department will spend about $20 000 for basic maintenance, communication, and transportation costs. Again, these services are comparable to those that are provided to other Smithsonian components. . .•

Question. Why do you believe it is necessary and desirable to double the size

of the staff and the Museum?

Answer. First, because the Anacostia Neighborhood Museum has proved to be an outstanding success—"the most successful in this field ... of opening eyes in the ghetto," in the words of Time magazine—and has therefore been the object of numerous requests, both local and national, to increase its educational and exhibits projects and to provide advice and consultant services to others who would found similar neighborhood museums. Staff increases are therefore necessary to permit Anacostia to realize its full potential and have a national multiplier effect. .

Second, staff increases are necessary because the private foundations support, which got Anacostia started, is now changing character. During the Museum's first year, foundations were willing to support general operational and personnel costs! Now, although we continue to search vigorously for general purpose support, the foundations seen willing only to consider special projects, such as art education, youth pilot projects, or evaluation studies, to name a few. We have, in fact, found it almost impossible to find regular operations support, while the need for it grows in relation to the projects we accept. For this reason, we must to some degree seek Federal funding for personnel and operational costs, since more than one foundation has told us that the continuing operation of the Anacostia Neighborhood Museum is clearly the Smithsonian's responsibility and no longer theirs.

Third, in an overall sense we are not really doubling the staff of the Museum, but asking that several of the privately funded employees become part of the Federally funded core support of the Museum for the reasons explained above.

Question. What personnel particularly by title and job are at the Museum now?

Answer. The following persons have been funded by the Federal appropriation :

Director. —Responsible for planning and implementing all the Neighborhood Museum's exhibit and educational programs, obtaining cooperation and funding from private foundations and community organizations, and ensuring local community support for the Museum through public campaigns.

Administrative Assistant-Secretary. —Assists the Director in the above duties iiiiil serves <is his secret&ry.

Exhibits Specialist— Helps in the planning and research for the .Museums exhibits.

Secretary. —Keeps administrative records, helps with budget preparation, and prepares payroll and procurement documents.

Joseph H. Hirshhorn Mr skim

Question. On page B-28 you indicate that in 1968 more than 500 paintings were loaned to museums and galleries. Are these loans made by Mr. Hirshhorn or by the Smithsonian Institution.' If by the Smithsonian Institution, are the transportation and packing costs barnc by the borrowing museum f

Answer. Mr. Hirshhorn made the loans to the other museums. The other museums paid the shipping costs. Currently the loaning of new purchases has been stopped in order to prepare the entire collection for the move into the new-building when it is finished.

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

Question. You state that there are virtually no research assistant* at th, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. How many are tLZn^i^ do you intend to employ if the increase is approved ""* h ° W manv

Answer. There are no research assistants. The lack of research assistant* ,n,i technical support staff has adversely affected the nroduetivirvnf +£ I ? • 1 scientists at the Institute. At the Iree^^^^r^J^^^?^ 1 ^ 1 nical and clerical nature is being performedoyhighl mtiTouam^ scientists because the Institute does not have any research aSin?s and larS sufficient clerical and library help. The increase, if granted wSSd be usS to htl one research assistant, two clerk-typists, and a librarian e

Office of Academic Programs

Question Fifteen thousand dollars of the increase asked for the Office of i££S2 P /T an7 f H ^ r ™P l °V™™t of mo person* to maltpossible>thecan-tinuation of the school visit program. Would you please explain why this amount is necessary m order to save the program? amount

Answer. The Smithsonian cannot hope to employ guides to conduct the 50 000

rUStSU; r T eSted T h year for prima ^ schod classe aloneFnsteaf'2E Institution relies on volunteers selected for their interest in the nineteen subiect matter areas offered. If each decent accepts a fixed weekly ^sig?ment it then becomes possible for one experienced coordinator of volunteersTwlth a clerk

mK^JT? f Ve bUr ^ S V the Nati0nal Mr and S P^e tam the NatSi JS of ^ory^and Technology, the National Museum of National History the Rational Collection of Fine Arts, and the National Portrait Gallery We ha7e l 6 ^ a / mgI ? 5 orm for ^heduling which serves to notify tnevoluntS? decent, guards on duty at the museum being visited, and the teacher accompanySg the group. We are convinced that a centralized office is the most efficient wa^fo schedule school tours. The central office has been set up as rfx^eriment under TrfS* ,>T ° ne ? ommunit y organization, the Junio? League of wSnrton Its constitution rules out continuing grants and the public character of the n^w nf an ° bhses } he Institution to seek wider parti?ipatioii from agreater number of community organizations representing all sectors of the metrowlitan area. If positions to establish a central office are not obtained, scheSnJwoSd

^tem^f 21*^^ f ° F ^ fiVG bUreaUS a » d convenieneeTSf sTool systems of the District and surrounding counties would be lost, necessitating a probable reduction of thirty to fifty percent in our capacity to oS'escorted

Office of International Activities

Question. You are requesting an increase of $20,000 for the Office of Inter-na^rmal Activities. I judge from the justification statement that the total increase ' °Z a M ll 7 ea \ to administrative costs in connection with the increase requested in the Special Foreign Currency Program. Is that correct?

Answer. The increase of $20,000 for the Office of International Activities is requested to add the additional grants specialist to help the Foreign Currency i rogram keep pace with the growing number of active grants—a number which continues to rise whether or not an increase in the Special Foreign Currency irogram is appropriated. The number of active grants has doubled from 40 to m since fiscal year 1967. Each requires about the same amounl of processing the same documentation, and most important, the same amounl of advance prep aration with appropriate organizations abroad in Die host countries with whom the American grantees will collaborate, in thai same period there has been no corresi>onding increase in the staff Io carry out this administrative action.

Question. Tin Special Foreign Currency Program is now funded at the rate of $2,316,000. //on- much in dollars is expended in administer this program?

Answer. The dollar cost of administration of the Foreign Currency Program is limited to the cosl of the live people assigned t<» the Program in' the Office of International Activities, or$80,000in Bscal jrear !!*;:>.

International Exchange Service

Question. Would you please explain your need for an additional $10,000 faith c International Exchange Service?

Answer. Many worthwhile requests for assistance in transmitting publications to the developing countries are having to be refused by the Service. This is largely a matter of very substantially increased shipping costs. In addition, the large volume of United States publications available for shipping overseas makes their proper storage and accessibility in foreign libraries very difficult.

Rather than seek additional shipping funds as a partial solution to these problems, the Exchange Service needs to investigate new methods, such as micro-printing or micro-transparencies, for the transmission of official publications to foreign depository libraries. Compact information reduction, transmission, and retrieval systems can benefit the Service as much as the foreign libraries by eliminating bulk freight charges. Companion to this investigation should be a thorough review of the materials themselves, especially their end-use with a view to reducing or eliminating the shipment of marginal-use publications.

Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

Question. The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, established by the Act of October 25, 1968, will require $100,000 to meet the initial expenses of the Board of Trustees for the Center and for necessary studies and planning activities. Would you please outline the plans for the Woodrow Wilson Center.

Answer. The plans of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars will be determined by its Board of Trustees, which held its first organizing meeting under the chairmanship of Mr. Hubert H. Humphrey on March 6, 1969. The Board authorized the employment of an acting director at the GS-18 level and a secretary paid from nonappropriated funds. Plans are now being formulated to carry out six month feasibility studies concerning the proposed Market Square site of the Center and to establish broad panels of advisors or consultants on the domestic and international aspects of the Center's program. If such studies and programs are approved by the Board in the fall of 1969, the Board would then be in a position to proceed to select an architect for the Center, to submit appropriate site legislation for Congressional approval, and to choose the first slate of scholars, who may occupy space now being remodeled in the Smithsonian Institution building and scheduled for completion by March of 1970. Meeting this proposed schedule of the Board will require employing two or three assistants to the director and added secretarial help, particularly if one of the original purposes of the Act creating the Center is to be fulfilled—to establish a clearing house of information of research and study opportunities in the District of Columbia and surrounding area. Thus, initial salaries and wages, travel expenses of consultants, planning fees, and the stipends or grants for the first slate of scholars— all may be expenditures included in the fiscal year 1970 plans of the Board of the Center.

Office of Public Affairs

Question. You are proposing an additional $25,000 for the Office of Public Affairs. Would you please explain to the Committee what you envision in a science information program which you suit does not note exist?

Answer. $25,000 have been requested for the Office of Public Affairs to employ a qualified science writer so that the Institution may take advantage of numerous outside offers from major commercial or educational television networks, radio stations, and book or magazine publishers to help in explaining the Smithsonian's scientific mission.

The Institution has long refrained from engaging heavily in in-house production of motion pictures or television documentaries because of their great expense. We are now, however, receiving serious and substantial offers of cooperation. We cannot respond to them without a highly qualified full-time science journalist who can guide and interpret the general requests from television networks and publishers into constructive educational programs or publications of broad public appeal. Our limited experience to date has shown that once cooperative arrangements with a television network, for example, have been

made it is almost impossible to implement them without a full-time scientific consultant from within the Smithsonian, and that producers will in fact lo-e interest if such help is not provided.

We therefore believe that this one relatively modest position increase will mean substantial dividends from all those who are so interested in helping the Smithsonian tell its scientific story through mass and specialized media.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS DIVISION

Question. Explain your request for $54,000 additional for the Information Systems Division. This will provide an additional four positions

Answer. The Smithsonian Institution's National Collections in art science and history now number in excess of 60 million objects. Even with increasing selectivity, these collections, especially in the natural science area, are growing at the rate of 1 million objects a year. Not only are these collections the basic resource for the Smithsonian's exhibit program, but each year thousands of school children, scientists, historians, and collectors ask questions pertaining to the wealth of information associated with individual objects. Many of these questions cut across subjects, time periods, etc. It is impossible to provide quick responsive answers to these questions by attempting to maintain and refer to traditional file cards, log books, and other paper records which document specimens. Every museum and gallery of the Smithsonian needs to apply modern information recording, storage, and retrieval techniques to its collections and research. The analysis, design, and installation of effective and efficient systems are the responsibility of the Information Systems Division. Existing staff cannot cope with the number and difficulty of problems. The failure to make improvements will result in a situation where the collections are virtually unusable as an information resource for reference and research purposes.

Smithsonian Institution Libraries

Question. Tell the Committee how an increase of $10,000 and four positions will help to correct deficiencies in the Libraries.

Answer. Four positions and $70,000 will help in correcting the deficiencies within the library by assisting in closing the ever-widening gap between effective buying power and requirements created by rising book and salary costs and by providing manpower to more effectively utilize the available information resources outside the Institution.

The Libraries are not able to meet the growing needs of the staff for books, journals, and reference services. Its staff could not be increased in 1969 and higher individual book and journal costs have substantially reduced its capacity to meet requests for materials. To effect savings, the Libraries cancelled a number of journal subscriptions in 1969, but a cost increase of about 13 percent in those subscriptions which have been renewed have more than offset the savings. The Libraries have sufficient funds this year to purchase only one basic reference book for every four members of the professional staff. The utility of book purchase funds also is being reduced by the continued increases in their prices. Through 1967, prices for art, history, science, and technology honks have risen an average of 80 percent. Specifically, an increase of $36,000 for library materials will enable the library to acquire about MK> new journals and 410 new books a minimal increase (only about one additional book per year tor the professional staff).

The four positions will assist the Libraries in meeting the overwhelming current workload, while (JG.iwH) transactions for reference and circulation services were handled in fiscal year 1968, an additional io percent or 6,600 requests for

service had to be turned aside. Three additional librarians and one messenger

will assist in handling the reference work, analysis of ami Identification <>r materials, interlibrary loans and Interlibrary cooperative services.

National Zoological Park

Question Can you provide for the Committee a breakdown indicating how yoTZZ^em! remaining $300,000 (not heating) of your budget estimate for

^AnSwer. Funds are requested to repair and renovate roofs, gutters, downspouts sidewalks stet>s fences, guard rails, hot water tanks, mechanicaUy-operated doorT^ outdoo? cages detfriorated plaster and masonry, underground Utility ines cage floors and interior walls, and similar facilities. Many of these repairs are urgently needed for reasons of public safety and to prevent serious deterioration of buildings.

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institutk

Question, Do you have any special comment concerning the $25,000 included in the STRI request which icill be used on existing buildings?

\nswer. During the past year a comprehensive inspection of exusting BTB1 buildings was completed and a report was prepared listing $(5 000 worth of repairs essential to their continued safety and use. This budget request was Sored from that list to provide for only the most critical of he items listed in that report. If essential improvements are not made, the buildings will ultimately have to be replaced.

Chesapeake Bat Center for Field Biology Land Acquisition

Question. With respect to the land to be acquired for the Chesapeake Bay Center for Field Biology, from ivhom trill the land be acquired; at what cost, what is the source of funds; when is the acquisition to take place?

What is the operating expense there now and what will be the increase in operating expenses after acquisition; appropriated or non-Federal funds.

Does acquisition of land entail any obligations on the part of Smithsonian Institution other than the operating expenses ? If so, wh at?

Answer. The Smithsonian Institution is attempting to preserve this area, located about seven miles south of Annapolis on the western shore of the Bay, in its natural state for research in terrestrial and estuarine ecology. Through a bequest and foundation grants, the Smithsonian now has approximately 700 acres. A program of land acquisition for the Center will result in the Smithsonian controlling a large part of the watershed for this area as well as the entire small river estuary. This will enable a series of definitive studies of the long term ecological effects on the land areas and the surrounding estuary that result from the uses of land and the turnover in various types of soil ranging from agriculture to unused waste land. There are very few field stations extant for controlled studies of the intermediate processes resulting from specific management practices that lead to estuarine eutrophication. The Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies will provide an opportunity for research that is unique on the middle-Atlantic coast and very likely on the entire East Coast. The Center has the advantage of being near both Washington and Baltimore and therefore in a position to encourage the participation from a large and diverse community

Continuing encroachment of housing developments and industry increase the incidence of pollution and interference with the natural environment and consequently would seriously reduce the value of the Center as a research facility. There'is also the imminent prospect of condemnation of this property by tne State of Maryland for recreational purposes.

The Smithsonian historically has been concerned with research that enables man to understand his relationships with the world around him. Within the last decade, the problem of controlling pollution in the atmosphere, on land, and in the oceans resulting from encroachments of civilization has become acute and urgent Its solution depends on the discovery of additional fundamental facts about the normal balance of nature, the interrelationships between the biological, the physical, and the chemical factors that make up the natural environment.

The Chesapeake Bay Center for Field Biology represents one of the tew remaining natural, relatively undisturbed areas where scientists can gather sucii basic data. The diversitv of habitats makes it unique in that it enables scientists to studv the dynamics of water as well as the dynamics of land. As one example,

hh«e~-shss r:

estimatea tnat $33,000 will be applied to operating expenses of the Center in eluding one position. An additional $40,000 in nonappropriated fundVwnl be• usS

reason mat tne land is to be left in its natural undisturbed state OnpraHno- ^ penses this year as well as the increase of $35,000 for fiscaT year 1970 areeKlv"

tfes at o e f L CenS tin fl L P 7 Perty 't0 mainta ™S the very ££hEESffiS ties ot the Center and to serving researchers who are coming to the area for

SXf J* 1 .;t Ud1 ^" A T CQU ? Siti0n 0f land does not entai l any obligations on S part of the Smithsonian Institution other than these operating expenses

HlRSHHOEN

ti,?l e fi° n \ SiX !l lilU0n ?° Uars of the Eirshhorn Museum request is to liquidate

^ueeuTtoZZTiT grmted Vrr-WouMyouplease bri %> &™-

tSmu^umf Progress which has been made in the construction of

Answer. During the past year the construction drawings and specifications for the museum have been completed by the architect. The General Services

m? 310 ^! inVite T MdS ° n March 20 ' 1969 > and °Pen bids on Apri™? 1969. The Armed Forces Institute of Pathologv was moved to new ouartVrs ir. December 1968 and January 1969, and the old Medical Museum buiSg was razed in February 1969. thereby clearing the site for construction of the museum