SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

Emphasis upon publication as a means of “diffusing knowledge” was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: “It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.” This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series:

Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology
Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics
Smithsonian Contributions to Botany
Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences
Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences
Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology
Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Smithsonian Folklife Studies
Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space
Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology

In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world.

Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover.

Robert McC. Adams

Secretary

Smithsonian Institution

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES • NUMBER 28

Distribution of Recent
Benthic Foraminifera off the
North American Pacific Coast from
California to Baja

Stephen J. Culver
and Martin A. Buzas

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS
Washington, D.C.
1986

ABSTRACT

Culver, Stephen J., and Martin A. Buzas. Distribution of Recent Benthic Foraminifera off the North American Pacific Coast from California to Baja. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, number 28, 634 pages, 131 figures, 2 tables, 1986.—A computer file of all published distributional data (presence or absence) on the recent, living and dead benthic foraminifera off the North American Pacific Coast (California and Baja California) was constructed from 89 papers published since 1896. Manipulation of this file produced 5 catalogs and 131 maps.

Catalog 1 lists alphabetically species names with publication and locality information as recorded in the literature (i.e., unsynonymized). Catalog 2 lists synonymized species names with publication and locality information. Catalog 3 and 4 list alphabetically all unsynonymized and synonymized species names, respectively. Catalog 5 lists synonymized names by increasing latitude and longitude.

During the past 90 years, 1117 names have been used to record benthic foraminifera in the study area. Through synonymization, this number was reduced to 798, of which 130 occur at 35 or more of the 875 sample localities. Computer-generated maps were drawn for the 130 most commonly recorded species.

Species were grouped by depth and geographic (latitudinal) distributions through visual examination of the maps. Sixty-five species are restricted to depths of less than 200 m, 45 occur mainly at depths of less than 2000 m, 2 only at depths of greater than 200 m, and 18 are ubiquitous with depth. The depth distribution for many species changes with latitude, but this may be due to a poor sampling framework.

Latitudinally, the species are grouped into seven categories. Forty-two species are latitudinally ubiquitous to the study area (Cape Mendocino to Cape San Lucas and the Gulf of California), 52 species occur from Point Conception to Cape San Lucas and in the Gulf of California, 5 species range from Point Conception to Punta Eugenia and are also found in the Gulf of California, 5 species occur from Cape San Lucas to Punta Eugenia and in the Gulf of California, 5 species range from Cape Mendocino to Cape San Lucas, 10 species range from Cape Mendocino to Punta Eugenia, and 11 species occur from Point Conception to Punta Eugenia. A major faunal break occurs at Point Conception.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Seascape along the Atlantic coast of eastern North America.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Culver, Stephen J.

Distribution of recent benthic foraminifera off the North American Pacific coast from California to Baja. (Smithsonian contributions to the marine sciences ; no. 28)

Bibliography: p.

1. Foraminifera—California—Pacific Coast—Geographical distribution.    2. Foraminifera—Mexico—Pacific Coast—Geographical distribution.    I. Buzas, Martin A.    II. Title.    III. Series.

QL368.F6C6235    1986    593.1′209794    86-600087

Contents

Introduction

Methods

The Catalogs

The Maps

Acknowledgments

Discussion

Summary

Key to the Species on the Maps

Index to Publications That Illustrate Our Concept of the 130 Most Commonly Recorded Species

References

Catalog 1: Unsynonymized Species with Publication and Location

Catalog 2: Synonymized Species with Publication and Location

Catalog 3: Unsynonymized Species

Catalog 4: Synonymized Species

Catalog 5: Latitude and Longitude of Synonymized Species

Maps: Figures 1–131

Distribution of Recent
Benthic Foraminifera off the
North American Pacific Coast from
California to Baja

Stephen J. Culver
and Martin A. Buzas

Stephen J. Culver, Department of Geological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508. Martin A. Buzas, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560.

Introduction

One hundred and fifty-nine papers concerning benthic foraminifera off the North American Pacific coast from Alaska to Panama were published between 1886 and 1980. This paper represents the first attempt to synthesize the Californian data and is the fifth of a series including and summarizing all published data on the distribution of recent benthic foraminifera around North America. All published distributional data for the east coast are presented in Culver and Buzas (1980) and the results of subsequent analysis are given in Buzas and Culver (1980) and in Culver and Buzas (1981a,b, 1982a). Gulf of Mexico data are given in Culver and Buzas (1981c,d, 1982a, 1983). Distribution data for the Caribbean region are presented in Culver and Buzas (1982b), and the west coast, north of California, is the subject of Culver and Buzas (1985).

The work presented herein can be divided into three main parts. First, there is a reference section consisting of (1) the papers used in compiling the presence-absence data utilized by this study and (2) additional references that are cited in this paper. Second, there are five computer-generated catalogs listing every species recorded in publications between 1896 and 1980 on the North American Pacific coast, off California, Baja California, and in the Gulf of California. Third, there are computer-generated maps of the 130 most commonly recorded species, together with a map showing all sample localities in the study area. Explanatory notes for the catalogs and maps can be found later in this introduction.

Following the format of our studies of the benthic foraminifera off the east coast of North America, the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean, and the northwest coast of North America, we have included a key to our concept of each of the 130 most commonly recorded species.

METHODS.—The computerization methods utilized in this work were the same as those described in detail in Culver and Buzas (1980). Of the 159 papers published on the benthic foraminifera of the North American Pacific continental margin, 89 contained data in a form enabling its incorporation in this study. The name of one or more species (living or dead) and the locality where they were found was all that was required. The information typed into the basic compilation file consisted of (1) author of publication, (2) date of publication, (3) generic name used in publication, (4) specific name used in publication, (5) locality, (6) latitude and longitude (see Catalog 1).

When numerous sample sites of a particular study were in very close proximity, they were summarized by a single lcoality or several representative localities. Thus, all species recorded in the sampled area were considered to have been found at the representative points. In a very few cases, where no detailed locality information was given, a point was arbitrarily chosen to be representative for the records in question. Modification and sorting of this basic file resulted in the production of 5 catalogs which are described below. The 131 maps in this publication are also computer-generated and were drawn on a Calcomp Plotter.

We decided not to include McCulloch’s monographic work on eastern Pacific foraminifera (McCulloch, 1977) for logistical and taxonomic reasons.

THE CATALOGS.—Five catalogs are included in this section and are designed to enable the reader to have rapid access to all published distributional data on recent benthic foraminifera off California, Baja California, and in the Gulf of California. Catalog 1 lists (alphabetically by binomen) all the records of every species recorded in the study area and also includes publication and locality information. This catalog contains almost 15,000 entries and around 75,000 pieces of information. Catalog 2 is the synonymized version of Catalog 1 and is identical, except that generic and specific names have been changed where necessary. To aid referral between Catalogs 1 and 2, line numbers starting at 10001 are included at the left-hand margin of the files. Thus, for example, it can be seen that Elphidium crispum (Catalog 2, line 15764) was originally recorded (Nicol, 1944) as Elphidium fax pingue (Catalog 1, line 15764).

Catalogs 3 and 4 aid rapid use of the first two catalogs. Catalog 3 is an alphabetized list of the 1117 taxa that have been recorded on the North American Pacific continental margin south of Oregon. Catalog 4 lists alphabetically the 798 species recorded in this area after synonymization was achieved by reference to published illustrations and specimens lodged in the USNM collections (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution) and the British Museum (Natural History) collections. Catalogs 3 and 4, therefore, are derived directly from Catalogs 1 and 2, respectively.

Catalog 5 is intended for the researcher interested in specific areas. This catalog contains alphabetized lists of synonymized species for each locality (localities are listed by increasing latitude and longitude). If, in the case of synonymized species, the investigator questions the generic or specific name used, he can refer to Catalogs 1 and 2 to find the original name used by the author of the publication in which that species was recorded.

THE MAPS.—One hundred and thirty-one computer-generated maps are included in this section and, like the catalogs, are provided as a reference tool for use in distributional studies of recent benthic foraminifera. Figure 1 illustrates the distribution of all the 875 sample localities included in this study. Three sample localities, apparently plotted on land, are from the Salton Sea. The 183 m and 1830 m submarine contours roughly approximate the edge of the continental shelf and the bottom of the continental slope, respectively. The distribution of the sample localities must be taken into account when examining the maps illustrating the distributions of species.

Figures 2 to 131 are computer-generated maps of the 130 must commonly recorded species. These are species that have been recorded 35 times or more, or at approximately 4% or more of the 875 localities; the figure of 4% was chosen arbitrarily to conform with the studies of the Atlantic continental margin of North America, the Gulf of Mexico, the Carribbean, and the Pacific continental margin north of California (Culver and Buzas, 1980, 1981c, 1982b, 1985). The maps are arranged alphabetically by genera and by species within each genus.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—We thank Dante Piacesi and Ken McCormick for their considerable efforts in the computer production of this work. D.A. Diddi, L. Collins, S. Richardson, J. Ashmore, and A. Lanham contributed invaluable library research and secretarial services. Dr. C.G. Adams kindly allowed access to British Museum (Natural History) collections.

Discussion

The main purpose of this publication is to present all the published distributional data of recent benthic foraminifera from the North American Pacific continental margin off California, Baja California, and in the Gulf of California. A total of 1117 taxa have been recorded in this region from 875 localities. Synonymization reduced this number to 798. Of these 798 species, 130 occurred at 35 or more of the 875 localities; that is, 16% of the species occur at 4% or more of the sample localities.

Distributional data have been summarized by tabulation. Table 1 is a synopsis of depth distribution and Table 2 summarizes latitudinal distribution. Depth distribution of the 130 most commonly recorded species was determined through visual inspection of the maps.

The sampling framework must be taken into account when considering these depth distributions. There is a vast amount of information off southern California and very poor sample coverage off the west coast of Baja California. The Gulf of California is well sampled at all depths, whereas the bathyal and abyssal region of the Pacific continental margin from Cape Mendocino to Cape San Lucas is relatively poorly sampled, except in the eastern part of the California Borderland. This sample framework is the probable reason why species in the “ubiquitous” category (Table 1) often have their deeper records in the Gulf of California. We attempted to identify those taxa showing true southward or northward submergence or emergence but such patterns are equivocal due to the sample coverage.

The narrow nature of the continental margin and the scale of this study result in the gross depth classification of Table 1. This table is intended as a guide to depth distribution of species, and the reader is not only encouraged to peruse the maps for the taxa of interest but is also alerted to the extremely variable submarine topography of the California Borderland.

The distribution of the species defines the categories that are overlapping. One hundred and twenty-eight of the 130 species occur at shelf depths. The exceptions are Hoeglundina elegans and Melonis barleeanus, which are only found deeper than 200 m.

Latitudinal distribution of recent benthic foraminifera is the subject of Table 2. Visual examination of Figures 2–131 resulted in seven categories of distribution. Again, a priori categories were not set up; the distribution of the species defines the categories. Table 2 is based solely on the data presented in this study and does not take into account distributional data to the north or south of the area covered by this publication. Again, the reader is encouraged to use Table 2 as a guide, because placement of taxa in distributional categories is somewhat subjective due to the variable density of samples.

TABLE 1.—Depth distribution.

Ubiquitous (0 to >2000 m)

Cassidulina subglobosa

Reussella aequa

Lagena amphora

Cibicides fletcheri

Rosalina columbiensis

Lagena apiopleura

Bolivina minuta

Cibicides lobatulus

Rosalina globularis

Lagena dentaliformis

Bolivina pacifica

Cibicides refulgens

Rosalina monicana

Lagena elongata

Bolivina spissa

Cyclogyra involvens

Saccammina atlantica

Lagena sesquistriata

Bulimina affinis

Discorbis lomaensis

Spirillina vivipara

Lagena spicata

Bulimina tenuata

Dyocibicides biserialis

Textularia articulata

Lagena striata

Cassidulina delicata

Eggerella advena

Textularia candeiana

Lagena sulcata

Chilostomella ovoidea

Elphidiella hannai

Textularia conica

Lenticulina cultratus

Chrysalidinella spectabilis

Elphidium articulatum

Textularia corrugata

Lenticulina orbicularis

Cibicides mckannai

Elphidium crispum

Textularia earlandi

Lenticulina strongi

Eponides leviculus

Elphidium incertum

Textularia schencki

Marginulina glabra

Fursenkoina seminuda

Elphidium spinatum

Triloculina inflata

Nodosaria perversa

Globolulimina pacifica

Elphidium translucens

Triloculina trigonula

Nodosaria subscalaris

Reophax excentricus

Elphidium tumidum

Trochammina charlottensis

Nouria polymorphinoides

Reophax scorpiurus

Epistominella bradyana

Trochammina inflata

Oolina striatopuncata

Trifarina carinata

Fissurina lucida

Trochammina squamiformis

Planulina ornata

Trochammina kellettae

Gaudryina arenaria

Pullenia salisburyi

Trochammina pacifica

Gavelinopsis campanulata

Reophax curtus

Uvigerina senticosa

Globobulimina auriculata

<2000 m

Reophax gracilis

Hanzawaia nitidula

Robertinoides charlottensis

Haplophragmoides advenum

Bolivina acuminata

Saracenaria angularis

<200 m

Islandiella tortuosa

Bolivina argentea

Textularia foliacea

Lagena hispidula

Bolivina filacostata

Trifarina angulosa

Ammonia beccarii

Lagena perlucida

Bulimina acanthia

Trifarina hughesi picta

Bolivina compacta

Lagena pliocenica

Buliminella elegantissima

Trifarina occidentalis

Bolivina pseudoplicata

Nonionella bisispinata

Dentalina baggi

Trifarina semitrigona

Bolivina striatula

Nonionella grateloupi

Dentalina decepta

Uvigerina baggi

Bolivina subexcavata

Nonionella Stella

Epistominella exigua

Uvigerina juncea

Bolivina vaughani

Oolina melo

Epistominella smithi

Uvigerina peregrina

Buccella frigida

Patellina corrugata

Gaudryina atlantica

Buccella tenerrima

Quinqueloculina angulostriata

Goesella flintii

Bulimina denudate

Quinqueloculina costata

Haplophragmoides columbiensis

>200m

Bulimina marginata

Quinqueloculina laevigata

Haplophragmoides planissimum

Cancris auricula

Quinqueloculina lamarckiana

Islandiella californica

Hoeglundina elegans

Cassidulina minuta

Reophax nanus

Islandiella limbata

Melonis barleeanus

Forty-two species are ubiquitous in the study area ranging from Cape Mendocino to Cape San Lucas and the Gulf of California. The major faunal break is at Point Conception: sixty-eight species are not found farther north in the area covered by this publication. Point Conception is recognized as an important provincial boundary for other groups of organisms (e.g., Valentine, 1966; Horn and Allen, 1978; Brusca and Wallerstein, 1979).

Summary

1. All published data on the distribution of recent benthic foraminifera of the North American Pacific continental margin off California, Baja California, and in the Gulf of California are presented in the form of 5 catalogs and 131 maps.

2. 1117 taxa have been recorded in the area of study.

3. The taxa have been reduced to 798 by synonymization.

4. Of the 798 synonymized species, 130 occur at 35 or more of the sample locations; that is, 16% of the species occur at 4% or more of the 875 sample localities.

5. Three groups of commonly recorded species characterize gross overlapping depth zones. Sixty-five species occur at depths of less than 200 m, 45 at depths of less than 2000 m, and two species are only found deeper than 200 m.

6. Another group, containing 10 species, is ubiquitous, occurring at neritic, bathyal, and abyssal depths.

7. Many species appear to change their depth distribution with latitude but this pattern may be an artifact of the sampling framework.

8. Seven overlapping categories of biogeographic (latitudinal) patterns are recognizable. Fifty-two species range from Cape San Lucas to Point Conception and into the Gulf of California, 5 species range from Point Conception to Punta Eugenia and into the Gulf, and 5 species range from Punta Eugenia to Cape San Lucas and into the Gulf. Five species are restricted to the region between Cape Mendocino and Cape San Lucas, 11 species between Point Conception and Punta Eugenia, and 10 species between Cape Mendocino and Punta Eugenia.

TABLE 2.—Geographic Distribution.

Ubiquitous (Cape Mendocino to
Cape San Lucas and Gulf
of California)

Cape San Lucas to Point
Conception and Gulf
of California

Saracenaria angularis

Cape Mendocino to Punta
Eugenia (not Gulf of
California)

Textularia articulata

Textularia candeiana

Textularia conica

Ammonia beccarii

Bolivina acuminata

Textularia schencki

Discorbis lomaensis

Bolivina compacta

Bolivina filacostata

Trifarina carinata

Elphidiella hannai

Bolivina pseudoplicata

Bolivina minuta

Trifarina occidentalis

Haplophragmoides advenum

Bolivina subexcavata

Bolivina pacifica

Trifarina semitrigona

Islandiella californica

Bolivina vaughani

Bolivina spissa

Triloculina inflata

Islandiella limbata

Buccella tenerrima

Bolivina striatula

Triloculina trigonula

Islandiella tortuosa

Buliminella elegantissima

Bulimina acanthia

Lagena pliocenica

Cassidulina subglobosa

Bulimina affinis

Oolina melo

Cibicides lobatulus

Bulimina denudata

Point Conception to Punta
Eugenia and Gulf of
California

Rosalina monicana

Cibicides refulgens

Bilimina marginata

Uvigerina baggi

Dyocibicides biserialis

Bulimina tenuata

Eggerella advena

Cancris auricula

Elphidium crispum

Cassiculina delicata

Bolivina argentea

Point Conception to Punta
Eugenia (not Gulf of
California)

Elphidium incertum

Chilostomella ovoidea

Buccella frigida

Elphidium translucens

Cibicides mckannai

Cassidulina minuta

Epistomenella bradyana

Dentalina decepta

Elphidium spinatum

Guadryina arenaria

Elphidium articulatum

Lagena dentaliformis

Dentalina baggi

Gavelinopsis campanulata

Epistominella exigua

Epistominella smithi

Haplophragmoides columbiensis

Eponides leviculus

Globobulimina auriculata

Lagena amphora

Fursenkoina seminuda

Punta Eugenia to Cape San
Lucas and Gulf of
California

Lagena elongata

Lagena apiopleura

Globobulimina pacifica

Lagena hispidula

Nonionella basispinata

Goesella flintii

Lagena striata

Nonionella grateloupi

Hanzawaia nitidula

Lenticulina strongi

Nonionella Stella

Haplophragmoides planissimum

Chrysalidinella spectabilis

Nodosaria subscalaris

Patellina corrugata

Hoeglundina elegans

Gaudryina atlantica

Pullenia salisburyi

Planulina ornata

Lagena perlucida

Reusella aequa

Robertinoides charlottensis

Quinqueloculina angulostriata

Lagena sesquistriata

Textularia corrugata

Uvigerina senticosa

Quinqueloculina lamarckiana

Lagena spicata

Textularia foliacea

Reophax nanus

Lagena sulcata

Reophax scorpiurus

Lenticulina cultratus

Rosalina columbiensis

Lenticulina orbicularis

Cape Mendocino to Cape
San Lucas (not Gulf of
California)

Saccammina atlantica

Marginulina glabra

Spirillina vivipara

Melonis barleeanus

Textularia earlandi

Nodosaria perversa

Trifarina angulosa

Nouria polymorphinoides

Cibicides fletcheri

Trifarina hughesi picta

Oolina striatopunctata

Cyclogyra involvens

Trochammina charlottensis

Quinqueloculina costata

Elphidium tumidum

Trochammina kellettae

Quinqueloculina laevigata

Fissurina lucida

Trochammina pacifica

Reophax curtus

Trochammina inflata

Trochammina squamiformis

Reophax excentricus

Uvigerina juncea

Reophax gracilis

Uvigerina peregrina

Rosalina globularis

9. Another group, containing 42 species, is ubiquitous in its geographic distribution in the area of study.

10. A major faunal break is apparent at Point Conception.

Key to the Species on the Maps

Following Culver and Buzas (1980, 1981c, 1982b, 1985), we list below a key to our concept of the 130 most commonly recorded species on the North American Pacific continental margin off the Californias. Genera are listed alphabetically, as are the species within each genus. Under each species, the reference or references are given where the reader can find published illustrations that adequately convey our concept of each of the commonly recorded species in this study. Many of the 130 species are also included in the keys to commonly recorded species for the east coast of North America, the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean and the west coast, north of California (Culver and Buzas, 1980, 1981c, 1982b, 1985): the references given here for these species are generally the same.

INDEX TO PUBLICATIONS THAT ILLUSTRATE OUR
CONCEPT OF THE 130 MOST COMMONLY
RECORDED SPECIES

Ammonia beccarii (Linné): Schnitker, 1974:217–223, pl. 1.

Bolivina acuminata (Natland): Lankford and Phleger, 1973:115, pl. 4: fig. 5 [as Brizalina acuminate].

Bolivina argentea Cushman: Cushman and McCulloch, 1942:188, pl. 22: figs. 2–6.

Bolivina compacta Sidebottom: Cushman and McCulloch, 1942:190, pl. 3: fig. 4.

Bolivina filacostata Cushman and McCulloch: Cushman and McCulloch, 1942:214, pl. 27: figs. 7–11 [as Bolwina tongi var. filacostata].

Bolivina minuta Natland: Cushman and McCulloch, 1942:201, pl. 24: figs. 4–7.

Bolivina pacifica Cushman and McCulloch: Cushman and McCulloch, 1942:185, pl. 21: figs. 2, 3 [as Bolivina acerosa var. pacifica].

Bolivina pseudoplicata Heron-Allen and Earland: Schnitker, 1971:194, pl. 4: fig. 23.

Bolivina spissa Cushman: Bergen and O’Neil, 1979:1289, pl. 3: fig. 25.

Bolivina striatula Cushman: Cushman, 1944:29, pl. 4: figs. 4, 5.

Bolivina subexcavata Cushman and Wickenden: Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:76, pl. 2: figs. 11–22.

Bolivina vaughani Natland: Lankford and Phleger, 1973:116, pl. 4: fig. 9 [as Brizalina vaughani].

Buccella frigida (Cushman): Todd and Low, 1961:18, pl. 1: figs. 24, 25.

Buccella tenerrima (Bandy): Lankford and Phleger, 1973:116, pl. 4: fig. 19.

Bulimina acanthia Costa: Cushman and McCulloch, 1948:243, pl. 30: fig. 5.

Bulimina affmis d’Orbigny: Cushman, 1922:103, pl. 20: fig. 6.

Bulimina denudata Cushman and Parker: Cushman and McCulloch, 1948:245, pl. 30: fig. 7.

Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny: Schnitker, 1971:194, pl. 5: fig. 5.

Bulimina tenuata Cushman: Bergen and O’Neil, 1979:1289, pl. 5: fig. 8.

Buliminella elegantissima (d’Orbigny): Schnitker, 1971:194, pl. 4: fig. 17.

Cancris auricula (Fichtel and Moll): Lankford and Phleger, 1973:116, pl. 4: fig. 21 [as Cancris auriculus].

Cassidulina delicata Cushman: Lankford and Phleger, 1973:116, pl. 6: fig. 6 [as Cassidulina sp. cf. C. delicata].

Cassidulina minuta Cushman: Cushman, 1933:92, pl. 10: fig. 3a–c.

Cassidulina subglobosa Brady: Parker, 1948:237, pl. 6: figs. 3a,b.

Chilostomella ovoidea Reuss: Crouch, 1952:841, pl. 7: fig. 1.

Chrysalidinella speclabilis Cushman and McCulloch: Cushman and McCulloch, 1948:256, pl. 32: figs. 1–7.

Cibicides fletcheri Galloway and Wissler: Uchio, 1960, pl. 10: figs. 1–3. Bergen and O’Neil, 1979:1289, pl. 1: fig. 17.

Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob): Sen Gupta, 1971:89, pl. 2: figs. 34–36.

Cibicides mckannai Galloway and Wissler: Bergen and O’Neil, 1979:1289, pl. 3: figs. 8–10 [as Cibicides aff. mckannai].

Cibicides refulgens (Montfort): Loeblich and Tappan, 1964:C688, fig. 554 (la–c).

Cyclogyra involvens (Reuss): Schafer and Cole, 1978:27, pl. 7: fig. 6a,b.

Dentalina baggi Galloway and Wissler: Cushman and McCulloch, 1950:313, pl. 41: figs. 13, 14.

Dentalina decepta (Bagg): Cushman and McCulloch, 1950:311, pl. 41: figs. 11, 12.

Discorbis lomaensis (Bandy): Bandy, 1953:179, pl. 22: fig. 6 [as Rotalia lomaensis].

Dyocibicides biserialis Cushman and Valentine: Todd and Low, 1967:A35, pl. 5: fig. 3.

Eggerella advena (Cushman): Cushman, 1922:57, pl. 9: figs. 7–9 [as Verneuilina advena].

Elphidiella hannai (Cushman and Grant): Cushman and McCulloch, 1940:177, pl. 20: fig. 11.

Elphidium articulatum (d’Orbigny): Parker, 1952a:411, pl. 5: figs. 5, 7.

Elphidium crispum (Linné): Nicol, 1944:177, pl. 29: figs. 3, 11 [as Elphidum fax fax].

Elphidium incertum (Williamson): Buzas, 1966:592, pl. 72: figs. 1–6.

Elphidium spinatum Cushman and Valentine: Lankford and Phleger, 1973:118, pl. 3: fig. 23.

Elphidium translucens Natland: Lankford and Phleger, 1973:118, pl. 3: fig. 22 [as Cribroelphidium spinatum var. translucens].

Elphidium tumidum Natland: Natland, 1938:144. pl. 5: figs. 5, 6.

Epistominella bradyana (Cushman): Cushman, 1927:165. pl. 5: figs. 11–13 [as Pulvinulinella bradyana].

Epistominella exigua (Brady): Phleger and Parker, 1951:28, pl. 15: figs. 6, 7 [as Pseudoparrella exigua].

Epistominella smithi (Stewart and Stewart): Stewart and Stewart, 1930:70, pl. 9: fig. 4a–c [as Pulvinulinella smithi].

Eponides leviculus (Resig): Bergen and O’Neil, 1979:1290, pl. 4: figs. 22–24.

Fissurina lucida (Williamson): Todd and Low 1967:A28, pl. 3: fig. 31.

Fursenkoina seminuda (Natland): Natland, 1938:145, pl. 5: fig. 12 [as Virgulina seminuda.].

Gaudryina arenaria Galloway and Wissler: Cushman and McCulloch, 1939:91, pl. 8: figs. 2, 3.

Gaudryina atlantica (Bailey): Cushman, 1922:70, pl. 13: figs. 1–3.

Gavelinopsis campanulata (Galloway and Wissler): Lankford and Phleger, 1973:120, pl. 5: fig. 13.

Globobulimina auriculata (Bailey): Schnitker, 1971:202, pl. 5: fig. 6.

Globobulimina pacifica Cushman: Bergen and O’Neil, 1979:1290, pl. 6: fig. 9.

Goesella flintii Cushman: Cushman and McCulloch, 1939:98, pl. 10: figs. 4–9.

Hanzawaia nitidula (Bandy): Bandy, 1953:178, pl. 22: fig. 3 [as Cibiadina basiloba var. nitidula]. Lankford and Phleger, 1973:122, pl. 6: fig. 19.

Haplophragmoides advenum Cushman: Cushman and McCulloch, 1939:72, pl. 5: fig. 7.

Haplophragmoides columbiensis Cushman: Cushman and McCulloch, 1939:72, pl. 5: figs. 8–10 [as Haplophragmoides columbiense].

Haplophragmoides planissimum Cushman: Cushman, 1927:135, pl. 1: fig. 6 [as Haplophragmoides planissima].

Hoeglundina elegans (d’Orbigny): Schnitker, 1971:204, pl. 10: fig. 15.

Islandiella californica (Cushman and Hughes): Bergen and O’Neil, 1979:1289, pl. 2: figs. 23, 24 [as Cassidulina californica].

Islandiella limbata (Cushman and Hughes): Bergen and O’Neil, 1979:1289, pl. 2: figs. 3–5 [as Cassidulina limbata].

Islandiella tortuosa (Cushman and Hughes): Todd and Low, 1967:A38, pl. 5: fig. 12 [as Cassidulina tortuosa].

Lagena amphora Reuss: Cushman and McCulloch, 1950:329, pl. 43: figs. 11–14.

Lagena apiopleura Loeblich and Tappan: Bergen and O’Neil, 1979:1291, pl. 2: fig. 19.

Lagena dentaliformis Bagg: Cushman and McCulloch, 1950:337, pl. 44: figs. 10, 11.

Lagena elongata (Ehrenberg): Todd and Low, 1967:A24, pl. 3: fig. 22.

Lagena hispidula Cushman: Cushman and McCulloch, 1950:339, pl. 45: figs. 8–10.

Lagena perlucida (Montagu): Cushman and McCulloch, 1950:342, pl. 46: figs. 1, 2.

Lagena pliocenica Cushman and Gray: Todd and Low, 1967:A25, pl. 3: fig. 19.

Lagena sesquistriata Bagg: Cushman and McCulloch, 1950:350, pl. 46: figs. 12–15.

Lagena spicata Cushman and McCulloch, 1950:360, pl. 48: figs. 3–7 [as Lagena sulcata var. spicata].

Lagena striata (d’Orbigny): Todd and Low, 1967:A25, pl. 3: fig. 20.

Lagena sulcata (Walker and Jacob): Cushman and McCulloch, 1950:335, pl. 48: fig. 2 [as Lagena cf. sulcata].

Lenticulina cultratus (Montfort): Cushman and McCulloch, 1950:296, pl. 37: figs. 3, 4 [as Robulus cf. cultratus].

Lenticulina orbicularis (d’Orbigny): Cushman and McCulloch, 1950:296, pl. 38: figs. 4–7 [as Robulus orbicularis].

Lenticulina strongi (Church): Cushman and McCulloch, 1950:295, pl. 37: figs. 1, 2 [as Robulus strongi].

Marginulina glabra d’Orbigny: Cushman and McCulloch, 1950:308, pl. 40: figs. 6–8.

Melonis barleeanus (Williamson): Cushman, 1927:149, pl. 2: fig. 5 [as Nonion umbilicatula var. pacifica].

Nodosaria perversa Schwager: Cushman and McCulloch, 1950:318, pl. 41: figs. 26–32 [as Nodosaria cf. perversa].

Nodosaris subscalaris Cushman: Cushman and McCulloch, 1950:319, pl. 41: figs. 21–24.

Nonionella basispinata Cushman and Moyer: Cushman and McCulloch, 1940:158, pl. 17: figs. 8, 9, pl. 18: figs. 4, 5 [as Nonion pizarrense var. basispinatum].

Nonionella grateloupi (d’Orbigny): Schnitker, 1971:206, pl. 10: fig. 6 [as Nonion graleloupi].

Nonionella stella Cushman and Moyer: Cushman and McCulloch, 1940:162, pl. 18: fig. 2 [as Nonionella miocenca var. Stella].

Nouria polymorphinoides Heron-Allen and Earland: Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:11, pl. 3: figs. 1, 2.

Oolina melo d’Orbigny: Schafer and Cole, 1978:28, pl. 6: fig. 5.

Oolina striatopunctata (Parker and Jones): Todd and Low, 1967:A29, pl. 3: fig. 25.

Patellina corrugata Williamson: Schnitker, 1971:206, pl. 6: fig. 12.

Planulina ornata (d’Orbigny): Bandy, 1954:137, pl. 31: fig. 2.

Pullenia salisburyi Stewart and Stewart: Todd and Low, 1967:A38, fig. 20.

Quinqueloculina angulostriata Cushman and Valentine: Lankford and Phleger. 1973:125, pl. 1: figs. 21, 22.

Quinqueloculina costata d’Orbigny: Cushman and Valentine, 1930:12, pl. 3: fig. 1a–c

Quinqueloculina laevigata d’Orbigny: Lankford and Phleger, 1973:126, pl. 1: figs. 5, 6.

Quinqueloculina lamarckiana d’Orbigny: Schnitker, 1971:208, pl. 3: fig. 16.

Reophax curtus Cushman: Sen Gupta, 1971:84, pl. 1: figs. 2–4.

Reophax excentricus Cushman: Cushman and McCulloch, 1939:60, pl. 3: figs. 4–9.

Reophax gracillis (Kiaer): Phleger, 1964:383, pl. 3: fig. 2.

Reophax nanus Rhumbler: Parker, Phleger, and Pierson, 1953:13, pl. 1: fig. 11.

Reophax scorpiurus Montfort: Cushman, 1920:6, pl. 1: figs. 5–7.

Reussella aequo Cushman and McCulloch: Cushman and McCulloch, 1948:251, pl. 31: fig. 7.

Robertinoides charlottensis (Cushman): Cushman and Todd, 1947:18, pl. 3: fig. 2 [as Robertina charlottensis].

Rosalina columbiensis (Cushman): Lankford and Phleger, 1973:127, pl. 5: figs. 10–12.

Rosalina globularis d’Orbigny: Cushman, 1931:22, pl. 4: fig. 9a–c [as Discorbis globularis].

Rosalina monicana (Zalesny): Zaiesny, 1959:122, pl. 1: fig. 4a–c [as Discorbis monicana].

Saccammina atlantica (Cushman): Sen Gupta, 1971:83, pl. 1: fig. 1.

Saracenaria angularis Natland: Cushman and McCulloch, 1950:326, pl. 42: figs. 8–12.

Spirillina vivipara Ehrenberg: Cushman, 1931:3, pl. 1: figs. 1–4.

Textularia articulata d’Orbigny: Lalicker and McCulloch, 1940:118, pl. 13: fig. 3a–d.

Textularia candeiana d’Orbigny: Schnitker, 1971:212, pl. 1: fig. 10.

Textularia conica d’Orbigny: Schnitker, 1971:212, pl. 1: fig. 11.

Textularia corrugata Heron-Allen Earland: Lalicker and McCulloch, 1940:126, pl. 14: fig. 9a–d.

Textularia earlandi Phleger: Schafer and Cole, 1978:29, pl. 3: fig. 4.

Textularia foliacea Heron-Allen and Earland: Lalicker and McCulloch, 1940:128, pl. 14: fig. 11a–c.

Textularia schencki Cushman and Valentine: Lalicker and McCulloch, 1940:128, pl. 16: fig. 23a–c.

Trifarina angulosa (Williamson): Sen Gupta, 1971:89, pl. 2: figs. 16, 17.

Trifarina carinata (Cushman): Cushman and McCulloch, 1948:281, pl. 35: figs. 8, 11 [as Angulogerina carinata].

Trifarina hughesi (Galloway and Wissler) picta (Todd): Cushman and McCulloch, 1948:290, pl. 36: fig. 3 [as Angulogerina hughesi var. picta].

Trifarina occidentalis (Cushman): Cushman and McCulloch, 1948:291, pl. 36: fig. 4 [as Angulogerina occidentalis].

Trifarina semitrigona (Galloway and Wissler): Cushman and Todd, 1947:19, pl. 3: fig. 7 [as Augulogerina semitrigona].

Triloculina inflata d’Orbigny: Lankford and Phleger, 1973:130, pl. 2: fig. 18.

Triloculina trigonula (Lamarck): Schnitker, 1971:212, pl. 3: fig. 11.

Trochammina charlottensis Cushman: Lankford and Phleger, 1973:130, pl. 3: figs. 3, 4.

Trochammina inflata (Montagu): Parker, 1952b:459, pl. 3: fig. 1a,b.

Trochammina kellettae Thalmann: Cushman and McCulloch, 1939:101, pl. 11: fig. 1.

Trochammina pacifica Cushman: Cushman and McCulloch, 1939:103, pl. 11: fig. 3.

Trochammina squamiformis Cushman and McCulloch: Cushman and McCulloch, 1939:18, pl. 12: fig. 4.

Uvigerina baggi Galloway and Wissler: Cushman and McCulloch, 1948:281, pl. 35: fig. 7 [as Angulogerina baggi].

Uvigerina juncea Cushman and Todd: Bergen and O’Neil, 1979:1292, pl. 3: fig. 4.

Uvgerina peregina Cushman: Cushman, 1923:166, pl. 42: figs. 7–10. Pflum and Frerichs, 1976:108, pl. 8: figs. 2, 3 [as Uvigerina peregrina peregrina].

Uvigerina senticosa Cushman: Cushman and McCulloch, 1948:269, pl. 34: fig. 7.

References

(An asterisk marks each of the 89 publications from which distribution data were drawn for construction of the catalogs)

Angell, R.W.

*1975. The Test Structure of Elphidiella hannai. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 5(2):85–89.

Arnal, R.E.

*1955. Some Occurrences of Abnormal Foraminifera. The Compass, 32(3):185–194.

*1958. Rhizopoda from the Salton Sea, California. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 9(2):36–45.

Arnal, R.E., P.J. Quinterno, T.J. Conomos, and R. Gram

*1980. Trends in the Distribution of Recent Foraminifera in San Francisco Bay. In W.V. Sliter, editor, Studies in Marine Micropaleontology and Paleoecology: A Memorial Volume to Orville L. Bandy. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 19:17–39.

Bandy, O.L.

*1953. Ecology and Paleoecology of Some California Foraminifera, I: The Frequency Distribution of Recent Foraminifera off California. Journal of Paleontology, 27(2):161–182.

1954. Distribution of Some Shallow-Water Foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 254-F:123–141.

*1961. Distribution of Foraminifera, Radiolaria and Diatoms in Sediments of the Gulf of California. Micropaleontology, 7(1):1–26.

*1963. Larger Living Foraminifera of the Continental Borderland of Southern California. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 14(4):121–126.

Bandy, O.L., J.C. Ingle, and J.M. Resig

*1964a. Foraminiferal Trends, Laguna Beach Outfall Area, California. Limnology and Oceanography, 9(1):112–123.

*1964b. Foraminifera, Los Angeles County Outfall Area, California. Limnology and Oceanography, 9(1):124–137.

*1964c. Facies Trends, San Pedro Bay, California. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 75(5):403–423.

*1965a. Foraminiferal Trends, Hyperion Outfall, California. Limnology and Oceanography, 10(3):314–332.

*1965b. Modification of Foraminiferal Distribution by the Orange County Outfall, California. In Ocean Science and Ocean Engineering. In Transactions of the Joint Conference, Marine Technology Society and American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, pages 55–76. Washington, D.C.

Bergen, F.W., and P. O’Neil

1979. Distribution of Holocene Foraminifera in the Gulf of Alaska. Journal of Paleontology, 53(6):1267–1292.

Bradshaw, J.S.

*1961. Laboratory Experiments on the Ecology of Foraminifera. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 12(3):87–106.

*1968. Environmental Parameters and Marsh Foraminifera. Limnology and Oceanography, 13(1):26–38.

Brenner, G.L.

*1962. Results of the Puritan-American Museum of Natural History Expedition to Western Mexico, 14: A Zoogeographic Analysis of Some Shallow-Water Foraminifera in the Gulf of California. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 125(5):253–297.

Brusca, R.C., and R.B. Wallerstein

1979. Zoogeographic Patterns of Idoteid lsopods in the Northeast Pacific, with a Review of Shallow Water Zoogeography of the Area. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 3:67–105.

Bush, J.B.

*1930. Foraminifera from Tomales Bay, California. Micropaleontology Bulletin, 2:38–42.

Butcher, W.S.

*1951. Foraminifera, Coronado Bank and Vicinity, California. Scripps Institute of Oceanography, Submarine Geology Report, 19:1–9.

Buzas, M.A.

1966. The Discrimination of Morphological Groups of Elphidium (Foraminifer) in Long Island Sound through Canonical Analysis and Invariant Characters. Journal of Paleontology, 40(3):585–594.

Buzas, M.A., and S.J. Culver

1980. Foraminifera: Distribution of Provinces in the Western North Atlantic. Science, 209:687–689.

Buzas, M.A., R.K. Smith, and K.A. Beem

1977. Ecology and Systematics of Foraminifera in Two Thalassia Habitats, Jamaica, West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 31:139 pages.

Church, C.C.

*1929a. Some Recent Shallow Water Foraminifera Dredged near Santa Catalina Island, California. Journal of Paleontology, 3(3):302–305.

*1929b. Some Observations on Plastogamy in California. Micropaleontology Bulletin, 1(11):1–4.

*1949. Appendix. In F.L. Rogers, Three New Subspecies of Balanus amphitrite. Journal of Entomology and Zoology, 41(2):31.

*1952. A New Species of Foraminifera of the Genus Discorbis Dredged off the Coast of California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, 4th series, 27(11):375–376.

*1968. Shallow Water Foraminifera from Cape San Lucas, Lower California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, 4th series, 30(17):357–380.

Cooper, W.C.

*1961. Intertidal Foraminifera of the California and Oregon Coast. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 12(2):47–63.

Crouch, R.W.

*1952. Significance of Temperature on Foramiifera from Deep Basins off the Southern California Coast. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 36(5):807–843.

*1954. Paleontology and Paleoecology of the San Pedro Shelf and Vicinity. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 24(3):182–190.

Culver, S.J., and M.A. Buzas

1980. Distribution of Recent Benthic Foraminifera off the North American Atlantic Coast. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 6: 512 pages.

1981a. Recent Benthic Foraminiferal Provinces on the Atlantic Continental Margin of North America. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 11(3):217–240.

1981b. Distribution of Selected Recent Benthic Foraminiferal Genera in the Western North Atlantic. In J.W. Neale and M.D. Brasier, editors, Microfossils from Recent and Fossil Shelf Seas, pages 336–349. Chichester, England: Ellis Horwood,

1981c. Distribution of Recent Benthic Foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 8(1–2):898 pages.

1981d. Foraminifera: Distribution of Provinces in the Gulf of Mexico. Nature, 290:328–329.

1982a. Recent Benthic Foraminiferal Provinces between Newfoundland and Yucatan. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 93:269–277.

1982b. Distribution of Recent Benthic Foraminifera in the Caribbean Region. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 14:382 pages.

1983. Recent Benthic Foraminiferal Provinces in the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 13(1):21–31.

1985. Distribution of Recent Benthic Foraminifera off the North American Pacific Coast from Oregon to Alaska. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 26: 234 pages.

Cushman, J.A.

*1910. A Monograph of the Foraminifera of the North Pacific Ocean. Part 1: Astrorhizidae and Lituolidae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 71(1):1–134.

*1911. A Monograph of the Foraminifera of the North Pacific Ocean, Part 2: Textulariidae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 71(2):1–108.

1913. A Monograph of the Foraminifera of the North Pacific Ocean, Part 3: Lagenidae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 71(3):1–125.

*1914. A Monograph of the Foraminifera of the North Pacific Ocean, Part 4: Chilostomellidae, Globigerinidae and Nummulitidae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 71(4):1–46.

*1915. A Monograph of the Foraminifera of the North Pacific Ocean, Part 5: Rotaliidae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 71(5):1–87.

*1917. A Monograph of the Foraminifera of the North Pacific Ocean, Part 6: Miliolidae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 71(6):1–108.

1920. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, Part 2: Lituolidae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 104(2):1–111.

1922. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, Part 3: Texulariidae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 104(3):1–228.

1923. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, Part 4: Lagenidae United States National Museum Bulletin, 104(4):1–228.

*1927. Recent Foraminifera from off the West Coast of America. Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Technical Series, 1:119–188.

1931. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, Part 8: Rotaliidae, Amphisteginidae, Calcarinidae, Cymbaloporettidae, Globorotaliidae, Anomalinidae, Planorbulnidae, Rupertiidae and Homotremidae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 104(8):1–179.

1933. Some New Recent Foraminifera from the Tropical Pacific. Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, 9(4):77–95.

*1943. Tretomphalus myersi, a New Species from the Pacific. Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, 19(2):26–27.

1944. Foraminifera from the Shallow-Water of the New England Coast. Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 12:1–37.

Cushman, J.A., and U.S. Grant

*1927. Late Tertiary and Quaternary Elphidiums of the West Coast of North America. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 5(6):69–82.

Cushman, J.A., and L.T. Martin

*1935. A New Genus of Foraminifera, Discorbinella, from Monterey Bay, California. Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, 11(4):89–90.

Cushman, J.A., and I. McCulloch

*1939. A Report on Some Arenaceous Foraminifera. University of Southern California, Publications of the Allen Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 6(1):1–113.

*1940. Some Nonionidae in the Collections of the Allen Hancock Foundation. University of Southern California, Publications of the Allen Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 6(3):145–178.

*1942. Some Virgulininae in the Collections of the Allen Hancock Foundation. University of Southern California, Publications of the Allen Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 6(4):181–230.

*1948. The Species of Bolivina and Related Genera in the Collections of the Allen Hancock Foundation. University of Southern California, Publications of the Allen Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 6(5):231–294.

*1950. Some Lagenidae in the Collections of the Allen Hancock Foundation. University of Southern California, Publications of the Allen Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 6(6):295–364.

Cushman, J.A., and D.A. Moyer

*1930. Some Recent Foraminifera from off San Pedro, California. Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, 6(3):49–62.

Cushman, J.A., and R. Todd

*1943. The Genus Pullenia and Its Species. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation of Foraminiferal Research, 19(1):1–23.

1947. Foraminifera from the Coast of Washington. Cushman Laboratory of Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 21:1–23.

Cushman, J.A., and W.W. Valentine

*1930. Shallow Water Foraminifera from the Channel Islands of Southern California. Contributions from the Department of Geology, Stanford University, 1(1):9–53.

Douglas, R.

*1964. An Occurrence of Shepheardella Siddal (Foraminiferida) from the West Coast of North America. Journal of Protozoology, 11(4):484–486.

Erskian, M.G., and J.H. Lipps

*1977. Distribution of Foraminifera in the Russian River Estuary, Northern California, Micropaleontology, 23(4):453–469.

Goës, A.

*1896. Reports on the Dredging Operations off the West Coast of Central America to the Galapago, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in Charge of Alexander Agassiz, Carried on by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z.I. Tanner, U.S.N., Commanding, XX: The Foraminifera. Bulletin of the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology, 29(9):1–103.

Hanna, G.D., and C.C. Church

*1927. A Collection of Recent Foraminifera Taken off San Francisco Bay, California. Journal of Paleontology, 1(3):195–202.

Harman, R.A.

*1964. Distribution of Foraminifera in the Santa Barbara Basin, California. Micropaleontology, 10(1):81–96.

Harrington, G.L.

*1956. Ammobaculites, Migrant or Recent Introduction to California, Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 7(1):29–30.

Horn, M.H.,and L.G. Allen

1978. A Distributional Analysis of California Coastal Marine Fishes. Journal of Biogeography, 5:23–42.

Lalicker, C.G., and I. McCulloch

*1940. Some Textularidae of the Pacific Ocean. Univerity of Southern California, Publications of the Allen Hancock Expeditions, 6(2):115–143.

Lankford, R.R., and F.B. Phleger

*1973. Foraminifera from the Nearshore Turbulent Zone, Western North America. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 3(3):101–132.

Loeblich, A.L., Jr., and H. Tappan

1964. Sarcodina Chiefly “Thecamoebans” and Foraminiferida. In Raymond C. Moore, editor, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, C(1–2): 900 pages. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press for Geological Society of America.

Martin, L.T.

*1930. Foraminifera from the Intertidal Zone of Monterey Bay, California. Micropaleontology Bulletin, 2(2):50–54.

*1931. Additional Notes on the Foraminifera from the Intertidal Zone of Monterey Bay, California. Micropaleontology Bulletin, 3(1);13–14.

*1936. Foraminifera from Monterey Bay. In Geological Society of America, Proceedings for 1935, page 416.

Maurer, D.

*1968. Preliminary Report on some Littoral Foraminifera from Tomales Bay, California. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 19(4):163–164.

McCulloch, I.

1977. Qualitative Observations on Recent Foraminiferal Tests with Emphasis on the Eastern Pacific. 3 parts, 1079 pages. Los Angeles, California: University of California.

McDonald, J.A., and P.L. Diediker

*1930. A Preliminary Report on the Foraminifera of San Francisco Bay, California. Micropaleontology Bulletin, 2(2):33–37.

McGlasson, R.H.

*1959. Foraminiferal Biofacies around Santa Cataline Island, California. Micropaleontology, 5(2):217–240.

Morin, R.W.

*1971a. Seasonal Study of Beach Foraminiferal Populations in Santa Barbara Channel Area. In R.L. Kolpack, editor. Biological and Oceanographical Survey of the Santa Barbara Channel Oil Spill, 1969–1970, 2:64–89. Allen Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California.

*1971b. Foraminiferal Populations in the Santa Barbara Channel: Offshore Species. In R.L. Kolpack, editor, Biological and Oceanographical Survey of the Santa Barbara Channel Oil Spill, 1969–1970, 2:218–275. Allen Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California.

*1971c. Foraminiferal Populations in the Santa Barbara Region: Near-shore Species: In R.L. Kolpack, editor, Biological and Oceanographical Survey of the Santa Barbara Channel Oil Spill, 1969–1970, 2:318–340. Allen Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California.

Moyer, D.A.

*1929. Shallow Water Foraminifera from off Point Firmin, San Pedro, California. Micropaleontology Bulletin, 1(11):5–10.

Natland, M.L.

*1933. The Temperature and Depth Distribution of Some Recent and Fossil Foraminifera in the Southern California Region. Bulletin of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography, Technical Series, 3(10):225–230.

*1938. New Species of Foraminifera from off the West Coast of North America and from the Later Tertiary of the Los Angeles Basin. Bulletin of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography, Technical Series, 4(5):137–164.

Nicol, D.

*1944. New West American Species of the Foraminiferal Genus Elphidium. Journal of Paleontology, 18(2):172–185.

Parker, F.L.

1948. Foraminifera of the Continental Shelf from the Gulf of Mexico to Maryland. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 100(2):213–241.

1952a. Foraminifera Species off Portsmouth, New Hamsphire. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 106(9):391–423.

1952b. Foraminiferal Distribution in the Long Island Sound-Buzzards Bay Area. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 106(10):425–473.

Parker, F.L., F.B. Phleger, and J.F. Peirson

1953. Ecology of Foraminifera from San Antonio Bay and Environs, Southwest Texas. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 2:1–75.

Pflum, C.E., and W.F. Frerichs

1976. Gulf of Mexico Deep-Water Foraminifers. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 14:1–125.

Phleger, F.B

*1951. Displaced Foraminifera Faunas. Society of Economic Paleontology and Mineralogy, Special Publication, 2:66–75.

*1964. Patterns of Living Benthic Foraminifera, Gulf of California. In Tj. H. Van Andel and G.G. Shor, editors, Marine Geology of the Gulf of California. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 3:377–394.

*1965a. Depth Patterns of Benthic Foraminifera in the Eastern Pacific. In M. Sears, editor, Progress in Oceanography, 3:273–287.

*1965b. Sedimentology of Gruerrero Negro Lagoon, Baja California. Mexico. Proceedings, 17th Symposium Colston Research Society, University of Bristol, Colston Papers, 17:205–237.

*1967. Marsh Foraminiferal Patterns, Pacific Ocean of North America. Annales de Institute de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Anlonoma de Mexico, 38 Serie Ciencias del Mar y Limnology, 1:11–30.

Phleger, F.B., and G.C. Ewing

*1962. Sedimentology and Oceanography of Coastal Lagoons in Baja California, Mexico. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 73(2):145–182.

Phleger, F.B., and F.L. Parker

1951. Ecology of Foraminifera, Northwest Gulf of Mexico, Part 2: Foraminifera Species. Geological Society of America, Memoir, 46:1–64.

Phleger, F.B., and A. Soutar

*1973. Production of Benthic Foraminifera in Three East Pacific Oxygen Minima. Micropaleontology, 14(1):110–115.

Rankin, W.D.

*1931. Some Notes on the Foraminifera of Newport Lagoon, Orange County, California. Micropaleontology Bulletin, 2:75.

Reiter, M.

*1959. Seasonal Variations in Intertidal Foraminifera of Santa Monica Bay, California. Journal of Paleontology, 33(4):606–630.

Resig.J.M.

*1958. Ecology of Foraminifera of the Santa Cruz Basin, California. Micropaleontology, 4(3):238–308.

*1960. Foraminiferal Ecology Around Ocean Outfalls off Southern California. In E. Pearson, editor, Waste Disposal in the Marine Environment, pages 104–121. Elmsford, New York: Pergammon Press.

*1965. Foraminifera, Table VIII. In An Oceanographic and Biological Survey of the Southern California Mainland Shelf. California State Water Quality Control Board Publication, 27:340–350.

Schafer, C.T., and F.E. Cole

1978. Distribution of Foraminifera in Chaleur Bay, Bulf of St. Lawrence. Geological Survey of Canada Paper, 77–30:1–55.

Schnitker, D.

1971. Distribution of Foraminifera on the North Carolina Continental Shelf. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology, 8(4):169–215.

1974. Ecotypic Variation in Ammonia beccarii (Linne). Journal of Foraminiferal Resarch, 4(4):216–223.

Scott, D.B.

*1976a. Brackish Water Foraminifera from Southern California and Description of Polysaccammina ipohalina New Genus, New Species. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 6(4):312–321.

*1976b. Quantitative Studies of Marsh Foraminiferal Patterns in Southern California and Their Application to Holocene Stratigraphic Problems. In C.T. Schafer, and B.R. Pelletier, editors, First International Symposium on Benthonic Foraminifera on Continental Margins, Part A: Ecology and Biology. Maritime Sediments, Special Publication, 1:153–169.

Scott, D.B., P.J. Mudie, and J.S. Bradshaw

*1976. Benthonic Foraminifera of Three Southern California Lagoons: Ecology and Recent Stratigraphy. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 6(1):59–75.

Sen Gupta, B.K.

1971. The Benthonic Foraminifera of the Tail of the Grand Banks. Micropaleontology, 17(1):69–98.

Sliter, W.V.

*1965. Laboratory Experiments on the Life Cycle and Ecologic Controls of Rosalina globularis d’Orbigny. Journal of Protozoology, 12(2):210–215.

*1968. Shell Material in the Agglutinated Foraminifer Trochammina pacifica Cushman. Tulane Studies in Geology, 6(2,3):80–84.

*1969. Three Inner-Neritic Recent Foraminifers from Southern California. University of Kansas Paleontology Contributions Paper, 45:1–5.

*1970. Inner-Neritic Bolivinitidae from the Eastern Pacific Margin. Micropaleontology, 16(2):155–174.

*1971. Predation on Benthic Foraminifers. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 1(1):20–29.

Steinker, D.C.

*1976. Foraminifera of the Rocky Tidal Zone, Moss Beach, California. In C.T. Schafer and B.R. Pelletier, editors. First International Symposium on Benthonic Foraminifera on Continental Margins, Part A: Ecology and Biology. Maritime Sediments, Special Publication, 1:181–193.

Stewart, H.B.

*1958. Sedimentary Reflection of Depositional Environment in Miguel Lagoon, Baja California, Mexico. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 42(11):2567–2618.

Stewart, R.E., and K.C. Stewart

1930. Post-Miocene Foraminifera from the Ventura Quadrangle, Ventura County, California. Journal of Paleontology, 4(1):60–72.

Todd, R., and D. Low

1961. Near-Shore Foraminifera of Martha’s Vineyard Island, Massachusetts. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 12(1):5–21.

1967. Recent Foraminifera from the Gulf of Alaska and Southeastern Alaska. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 573-A:A1–A46.

Uchio, T.

*1960. Ecology of Living Benthonic Foraminifera from the San Diego, California. Area. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 5:1–72.

Valentine, J.W.

1966. Numerical Analysis of Marine Molluscan Ranges on the Extra tropical Northeastern Pacific Shelf. Limnology and Oceanography, 11:198–211.

Walton, W.R.

*1955. Ecology of Living Benthonic Foraminifera, Todos Santos Bay, Baja California. Journal of Paleontology, 29(6):952–1018.

Watkins, J.G.

*1961. Foraminiferal Ecology around the Orange County, California, Ocean Sewer Outfall. Micropaleontology, 7(2):199–206.

Zalesny, E.R.

*1959. Foraminiferal Ecology of Santa Monica Bay, California. Micropaleontology, 5(1):101–126.

CATALOG 1

Unsynonymized Species with Publication and Location

CATALOG 2

Synonymized Species with Publication and Location

CATALOG 3

Unsynonymized Species

CATALOG 4

Synonymized Species

CATALOG 5

Latitude and Longitude of Synonymized Species

MAPS: Figures 1–131

REQUIREMENTS FOR SMITHSONIAN SERIES PUBLICATION

Manuscripts intended for series publication receive substantive review (conducted by their originating Smithsonian museums or offices) and are submitted to the Smithsonian Institution Press with Form SI-36, which must show the approval of the appropriate authority designated by the sponsoring organizational unit. Requests for special treatment—use of color, foldouts, case-bound covers, etc.—require, on the same form, the added approval of the sponsoring authority.

Review of manuscripts and art by the Press for requirements of series format and style, completeness and clarity of copy, and arrangement of all material, as outlined below, will govern, within the judgment of the Press, acceptance or rejection of manuscripts

and art.

Copy must be prepared on typewriter or word processor, double-spaced, on one side of standard white bond paper (not erasable), with 1¼″ margins, submitted as ribbon copy (not carbon or xerox), in loose sheets (not stapled or bound), and accompanied by original art. Minimum acceptable length is 30 pages.

Front matter (preceding the text) should include: title page with only title and author and no other information, abstract page with author, title, series, etc., following the established format; table of contents with indents reflecting the hierarchy of heads in the paper; also, foreword and/or preface, if appropriate.

First page of text should carry the title and author at the top of the page; second page should have only the author′s name and professional mailing address, to be used as an unnumbered footnote on the first page of printed text.

Center heads of whatever level should be typed with initial caps of major words, with extra space above and below the head, but no other preparation (such as all caps or underline, except for the underline necessary for generic and specific epithets). Run-in paragraph heads should use period/dashes or colons as necessary.

Tabulations within text (lists of data, often in parallel columns) can be typed on the text page where they occur, but they should not contain rules or numbered table captions.

Formal tables (numbered, with captions, boxheads, stubs, rules) should be submitted as carefully typed, double-spaced copy separate from the text; they will be typeset unless otherwise requested. If camera-copy use is anticipated, do not draw rules on manuscript copy.

Taxonomic keys in natural history papers should use the aligned-couplet form for zoology and may use the multi-level indent form for botany. If cross referencing is required between key and text, do not include page references within the key, but number the keyed-out taxa, using the same numbers with their corresponding heads in the text.

Synonymy in zoology must use the short form (taxon, author, year:page), with full reference at the end of the paper under “Literature Cited.” For botany, the long form (taxon, author, abbreviated journal or book title, volume, page, year, with no reference in “Literature Cited”) is optional.

Text-reference system (author, year:page used within the text, with full citation in “Literature Cited” at the end of the text) must be used in place of bibliographic footnotes in all Contributions Series and is strongly recommended in the Studies Series: “(Jones, 1910:122)” or “…Jones (1910:122).” If bibliographic footnotes are required, use the short form (author, brief title, page) with the full citation in the bibliography.

Footnotes, when few in number, whether annotative or bibliographic, should be typed on separate sheets and inserted immediately after the text pages on which the references occur. Extensive notes must be gathered together and placed at the end of the text in a notes section.

Bibliography, depending upon use, is termed “Literature Cited,” “References,” or “Bibliography.” Spell out titles of books, articles, journals, and monographic series. For book and article titles use sentence-style capitalization according to the rules of the language employed (exception: capitalize all major words in English). For journal and series titles, capitalize the initial word and all subsequent words except articles, conjunctions, and prepositions. Transliterate languages that use a non-Roman alphabet according to the Library of Congress system. Underline (for italics) titles of journals and series and titles of books that are not part of a series. Use the parentheses/colon system for volume (number): pagination: “10(2):5–9.” For alignment and arrangement of elements, follow the format of recent publications in the series for which the manuscript is intended. Guidelines for preparing bibliography may be secured from Series Section, SI Press.

Legends for illustrations must be submitted at the end of the manuscript, with as many legends typed, double-spaced, to a page as convenient.

Illustrations must be submitted as original art (not copies) accompanying, but separate from, the manuscript. Guidelines for preparing art may be secured from Series Section, SI Press. All types of illustrations (photographs, line drawings, maps, etc.) may be intermixed throughout the printed text. They should be termed Figures and should be numbered consecutively as they will appear in the monograph. If several illustrations are treated as components of a single composite figure, they should be designated by lowercase italic letters on the illustration; also, in the legend and in text references the italic letters (underlined in copy) should be used: “Figure 9b.” Illustrations that are intended to follow the printed text may be termed Plates, and any components should be similarly lettered and referenced: “Plate 9b.” Keys to any symbols within an illustration should appear on the art rather than in the legend.

Some points of style: Do not use periods after such abbreviations as “mm, ft, USNM, NNE.” Spell out numbers “one” through “nine” in expository text, but use digits in all other cases if possible. Use of the metric system of measurement is preferable; where use of the English system is unavoidable, supply metric equivalents in parentheses. Use the decimal system for precise measurements and relationships, common fractions for approximations. Use day/month/year sequence for dates: “9 April 1976.” For months in tabular listings or data sections, use three-letter abbreviations with no periods: “Jan, Mar, Jun,” etc. Omit space between initials of a personal name: “J.B. Jones.”

Arrange and paginate sequentially every sheet of manuscript in the following order: (1) title page, (2) abstract, (3) contents, (4) foreword and/or preface, (5) text, (6) appendixes, (7) notes section, (8) glossary, (9) bibliography, (10) legends, (11) tables. Index copy may be submitted at page proof stage, but plans for an index should be indicated when manuscript is submitted.