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Smithsonian Institution

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES • NUMBER 30

Distribution of Recent Benthic
Foraminifera off the Pacific Coast
of Mexico and Central America

Stephen J. Culver
and Martin A. Buzas

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS
Washington, D.C.
1987

ABSTRACT

Culver, Stephen J., and Martin A. Buzas. Distribution of Recent Benthic Foraminifera off the Pacific Coast of Mexico and Central America. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, number 30, 184 pages, 115 figures, 1987.—A computer file of all published distributional data (presence or absence) on the recent, living and dead benthic foraminifera off the Mexican and Central American Pacific coast was constructed from 21 papers published since 1896. Manipulation of this file produced 5 catalogs and 115 maps.

Catalog 1 lists alphabetically species names with publication and locality information as recorded in the literature (i.e., unsynonymized). Catalog 2 lists synonymized species names with publication and locality information. Catalogs 3 and 4 list alphabetically all unsynonymized and synonymized species names, respectively. Catalog 5 lists synonymized names by increasing latitude and longitude.

Over the past 90 years, 447 names have been used to record benthic foraminifera in the study area. Through synonymization, this number was reduced to 377, of which 114 occur at 5 or more of the 119 sample localities. Computer-generated maps were drawn for the 114 most commonly recorded species.

Species were grouped by depth and geographic (latitudinal) distribution through visual examination of the maps. Thirty-two species are restricted to depths of less than 200 m, 22 occur mainly at depths of less than 2000 m, 22 at depths of greater than 200 m, 5 at depths of greater than 2000 m, 11 are found between 200 and 2000 m, and 22 are ubiquitous with depth.

Latitudinally, the species are grouped into three categories. Sixty-six species are latitudinally ubiquitous in the study area, 47 species are found only to the south of Puerto Angel (16°N) and one species is found only north of Puerto Angel. Although the majority of species are ubiquitous, a faunal break is probably indicated by the species restricted to the south of Puerto Angel.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Seascape along the Atlantic coast of eastern North America.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Culver, Stephen J.

Distribution of recent benthic foraminifera off the Pacific coast of Mexico and Central America.

(Smithsonian contributions to the marine sciences; no. 30)

Bibliography: p.

I. Foraminifera—Mexico—Pacific Coast—Geographical distribution. 2. Foraminifera—Pacific Coast (Central America)—Geographical distribution. I. Buzas, Martin A. II. Title. III. Series.

QL368.F6C626   1987   593.1′20972   86-24858

Contents

Introduction

Methods

The Catalogs

The Maps

Acknowledgments

Discussion

Summary

Key to the Species on the Maps

Index to Publications That Illustrate Our Concept of the 114 Most Commonly Recorded Species

References

Catalog 1: Unsynonymized Species with Publication and Location

Catalog 2: Synonymized Species with Publication and Location

Catalog 3: Unsynonymized Species

Catalog 4: Synonymized Species

Catalog 5: Latitude and Longitude of Synonymized Species

Maps: Figures 1–115

Distribution of Recent Benthic
Foraminifera off the Pacific Coast
of Mexico and Central America

Stephen J. Culver
and Martin A. Buzas

Stephen J. Culver and Martin A. Buzas, Department of Geological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23508; and Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

Introduction

One hundred and fifty-nine papers concerning recent benthic foraminifera off the North American Pacific coast from Alaska to Panama were published between 1896 and 1980. This paper represents the first attempt to synthesize the Mexican and Central American data and is the sixth of a series including and summarizing all published data on the distribution of recent benthic foraminifera around North America. All published distributional data for the east coast is presented in Culver and Buzas (1980) and the results of subsequent analysis are given in Buzas and Culver (1980), Culver and Buzas (1981a, 1981b, 1982a). Gulf of Mexico data are given in Culver and Buzas (1981c, 1981d, 1982a, 1983). Distribution data for the Caribbean region are presented in Culver and Buzas (1982b), and the west coast, from Baja to Alaska is the subject of Culver and Buzas (1985, 1986).

The work presented here can be divided into three main parts. First, there is a reference section consisting of the papers used in compiling the presence-absence data utilized by this study and additional references that are cited in this paper. Second, there are five computer-generated catalogs listing every species recorded in publications between 1896 and 1980 on the Mexican and Central American Pacific coast. Third, there are computer-generated maps of the 114 most commonly recorded species, together with a map showing all sample localities in the study area. Explanatory notes for the catalogs and maps can be found later in this introduction.

Following the format of our studies of the benthic foraminifera off the east coast of North America, the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean, and the west coast of North America, we have included a key to our concept of each of the 114 most commonly recorded species.

METHODS.—The computerization methods utilized in this work were the same as those described in detail in Culver and Buzas (1980). Of the 159 papers published on the benthic foraminifera of the North American Pacific continental margin, 21 contained data in a form enabling its incorporation in this study. The name of one or more species (living or dead) and the locality where it was found was all that was required. The information typed into the basic compilation file consisted of (1) author of publication, (2) date of publication, (3) generic name used in publication, (4) specific name used in publication, (5) locality, (6) latitude and longitude (see Catalog 1).

When numerous sample sites of a particular study were in very close proximity they were summarized by a single or several representative localities. Thus, all species recorded in the sampled area were considered to have been found at the representative points. In a very few cases, where no detailed locality information was given, a point was arbitrarily chosen to be representative for the records in question. Modification and sorting of this basic file resulted in the production of 5 catalogs which are described below. The 115 maps in this publication are also computer-generated and were drawn on a Calcomp Plotter.

THE CATALOGS.—Five catalogs are included in this section and are designed to enable the reader to have rapid access to all published distributional data on recent benthic foraminifera off the Pacific margin of Mexico and Central America. Catalog 1 lists (alphabetically by binomen) all the records of every species recorded in the study area and also includes publication and locality information. This catalog contains around 1600 entries and over 8000 pieces of information. Catalog 2 is the synonymized version of Catalog 1. This list is identical to Catalog 1, except that generic and specific names have been changed where necessary. To aid referral between Catalogs 1 and 2, line numbers starting at 10001 are included at the left-hand margin of the files. Thus, for example, it can be seen that Dorothia scabra (Catalog 2, line 10808) was originally recorded (Cushman, 1911) as Gaudyrina scabra (Catalog 1, line 10808).

Catalogs 3 and 4 aid rapid use of the first two catalogs. Catalog 3 is an alphabetized list of the 447 taxa that have been recorded on the Mexican and Central American Pacific continental margin. Catalog 4 lists alphabetically the 377 species recorded in this area after synonymization achieved by reference to published illustrations and specimens lodged in the USNM collections (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution) and the British Museum (Natural History) collections. Catalogs 3 and 4, therefore, are derived directly from Catalogs 1 and 2, respectively.

Catalog 5 is intended for the researcher interested in specific areas. This catalog contains alphabetized lists of synonymized species for each locality (localities are listed by increasing latitude and longitude). If, in the case of synonymized species, the investigator questions the generic or specific name used, he can refer to Catalogs 1 and 2 to find the original name used by the author of the publication in which that species was recorded.

THE MAPS.—One hundred and fifteen computer-generated maps are included in this section and, like the catalogs, are provided as a reference tool for use in distributional studies of recent benthic foraminifera. Figure 1 illustrates the distribution of all the 119 sample localities included in this study. The 183 m and 1830 m submarine contours roughly approximate the edge of the continental shelf and the bottom of the continental slope, respectively. The distribution of the sample localities must be taken into account when examining the maps illustrating the distributions of species.

Figures 2–115 are computer-generated maps of the 114 most commonly recorded species. These are species that have been recorded 5 times or more, or at approximately 4% or more of the 119 localities; the figure of 4% was chosen arbitrarily to conform with the studies of the Atlantic continental margin of North America, the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean, and the Pacific continental margin north of Baja, (Culver and Buzas, 1980; 1981c; 1982b; 1985; 1986). The maps are arranged alphabetically by genera and by species within each genus.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—We thank Dante Piacesi and Ken McCormick for their considerable efforts in the computer production of this work. J. Ashmore, D.A. Diddi, A. Lanham, S. Richardson, and L. Smith contributed invaluable library research and secretarial services. Dr. C.G. Adams kindly allowed access to British Museum (Natural History) collections.

Discussion

The main purpose of this publication is to present all the published distributional data of recent benthic foraminifera from the Pacific continental margin off Mexico and Central America. A total of 447 taxa have been recorded in this region from 119 localities. Synonymization reduced this number to 377. Of these 377 species, 114 occurred at 5 or more of the 119 localities; that is, 30% of the species occur at 4% or more of the sample localities.

Distributional data have been summarized by tabulation. Table 1 is a synopsis of depth distribution and Table 2 summarizes latitudinal distribution. Depth distribution of the 114 most commonly recorded species was determined through visual inspection of the maps.

The narrow nature of the continental margin and the scale of this study result in the gross depth classification of Table 1. This table is intended as a guide to depth distribution of species and the reader is encouraged to peruse the maps for the taxa of interest. The paucity of data for this section of the continental margin, in comparison to other studies in this series, indicates the degree of reliability that should be attributed to Table 1.

The distribution of the species defines the categories that are overlapping. Thirty-two species are restricted to shelf depths (<200 m), 22 species occur between 0 and 2000 m, 11 species are restricted to the slope (200–2000 m), 22 species range from 200 m to abyssal depths, and 5 species are restricted to the abyss. Twenty-two species have a ubiquitous depth distribution, ranging from 200 to more than 2000 m.

Geographic distribution of recent benthic foraminifera is the subject of Table 2. Visual examination of Figures 2–115 resulted in three categories of distribution. Again, the distribution of the species defines the categories. Table 2 is based solely on the data presented in this study and does not take into account distributional data to the north or south of the area covered by this publication. Again, the reader is encouraged to use Table 2 as a guide, keeping in mind the low density of samples.

Sixty-six species are ubiquitous in the study area ranging from central Mexico (22°N) to the Gulf of Panama. Forty-seven species are restricted to the southern part of the study area (south of 16°N, Puerto Angel), while only one species, Bathysiphon filiformis, is restricted to the continental margin north of 16°N. Some of these distributions are artifacts of the poor sampling framework and should be used with great care. For example, several of the species restricted to the south of Puerto Angel in this study are known to occur off Baja California and California (Culver and Buzas, 1986). Similarly, Bathysiphon filiformis, a deep-sea taxon found around the world, almost certainly lives in the southern part of the study area. Despite these reservations, there appears to be a faunal break in the region of Puerto Angel (16°N). This corresponds with the boundary between the Mexican and Panamanian provinces recognized by Brusca and Wallerstein (1979).

TABLE 1.—Depth distribution.

Ubiquitous

Dyocibicides biserialis

Bolivina inflata

>200 m

(0 to >2000 m)

Elphidium spinatum

Bolivina striatula

Elphidium tumidum

Bolivina vaughani

Bolivina alata

Bolivina bicostata

Eponides antillarum

Cancris panamensis

Bolivina argentea

Bolivina filacostata

Fursenkoina punctata

Cancris sagra

Bolivina plicata

Bolivina humilis

Fursenkoina sandiegoensis

Cassidulina minuta

Bolivina spissa

Bolivina pacifica

Gaudryina atlantica

Cassidulina oblonga

Bolivina subadvena

Bolivina seminuda

Haplophragmoides columbiensis

Cibicides floridanus

Bulimina affinis

Bulimina marginata

Nonionella basispinata

Discorbis versiformis

Cassidulina subglobosa

Bulimina tenuata

Nonionella miocenica

Epistominella exigua

Epistominella smithi

Buliminella curta

Nonionella Stella

Fursenkoina schreibersiana

Eponides tenera

Cassidulina cushmani

Nouria polymorphinoides

Gaudryina excolata

Globobulimina pacifica

Cassidulina laevigata

Quinquetoculina auberiana

Lagena sulcata

Hoeglundina elegans

Cibicides mekannai

Quinquetoculina lamarckiana

Nonionella atlantica

Lagena clavata

Epistominella bradyana

Quinquetoculina venusta

Nonionella grateloupi

Melonis barleeanus

Hanzawaia nitidula

Reophax curtus

Planulina exorna

Planulina wuellerstorfi

Haplophragmoides planissimum

Rosalina columbiensis

Pullenia elegans

Pullenia bulloides

Lagena dentaliniformis

Spiroloculina soldanii

Rectobolivina bradyi

Reophax excentricus

Lenticulina nicobarensis

Textularia agglutinans

Rectobolivina hancocki

Thurammina erinacea

Planulina ornata

Textularia candeiana

Reophax bilocularis

Trifarina carinata

Reophax dentaliniformis

Textularia corrugata

200–2000 m

Uvigerina auberiana

Saccammina atlantica

Textularia foliacea

Uvigerina excellens

Suggrunda eckisi

Textularia panamensis

Bathysiphon filiformis

Uvigerina peregrina

Triloculina trigonula

Textularia schencki

Bulimina inflata

Uvigerina proboscidea

Uvigerina incilis

Textularia secasensis

Bulimina ovata

Textularia vola

Bulimina pagoda

<200m

Trochammina pacifica

Cassidulina delicata

>2000 m

Trochammina rotaliformis

Chilostomella oolina

Chilostomella ovoidea

Bolivina minuta

Ammonia beccarii

<2000 m

Cibicides pseudoungerianus

Chilostomella cushmani

Bolivina subexcavata

Epislominella obesa

Cassidulina crassa

Bulimina denudata

Alliatina primitiva

Epistominella pacifica

Eponides turgidus

Buliminella elegantissima

Bolivina acuminata

Goesella flintii

Fursenkoina bramlettei

Summary

1. All published data on the distribution of recent benthic foraminifera off the Mexican and Central American Pacific continental margin is presented in the form of 5 catalogs and 115 maps.

2. 447 taxa have been recorded in the area of study.

3. The taxa have been reduced to 377 by synonymization.

4. Of the 377 synonymized species, 114 occur at 5 or more of the sample locations; that is, 30% of the species occur at 4% or more of the 119 sample localities.

5. Five groups of commonly recorded species characterize overlapping depth zones. Thirty-two species are restricted to the continental shelf (<200 m), 11 are restricted to the continental slope (200 to 2000 m) and 5 are found only on the abyssal plain (>2000 m). Twenty-two species are found between 0 and 2000 m, and 22 species are found from 200 m down to abyssal depths.

6. Another group, containing 22 species, is ubiquitous, occurring at neritic, bathyal, and abyssal depths.

7. Three categories of biogeographic (latitudinal) patterns are recognizable. Forty-seven species are restricted to the south and one species is restricted to the north of Puerto Angel (16°N). The majority (66) of commonly recorded species are latitudinally ubiquitous in the area of study.

8. A faunal break is apparent at Puerto Angel (16°N).

Key to the Species on the Maps

Following Culver and Buzas (1980; 1981c; 1982b; 1985; 1986) we list below a key to our concept of the 114 most commonly recorded species on the continental margin off Mexico and Central America. Genera are listed alphabetically as are the species within each genus. Under each species, the reference or references are given where the reader can find published illustrations that adequately convey our concept of each of the commonly recorded species in this study. Many of the 114 species are also included in the keys to commonly recorded species for the east coast of North America, the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean and the west coast, north of Baja (Culver and Buzas, 1980; 1981c; 1982b; 1985; 1986): the references given here for these species are generally the same.

TABLE 2.—Geographic distribution.

Ubiquitous

Eponides tenera

Thurammina erinacea

Cibicides pseudoungerianus

Fursenkoina bramlettei

Triloculina trigonula

Discorbis versiformis

Ammonia beccarii

Fursenkoina sandiegoensis

Trochammina pacifica

Dyocibicides biserialis

Bolivina alata

Gaudryina atlantica

Uvigerina auberiana

Elphidium spinatum

Bolivina argentea

Globobulimina pacifica

Uvigerina excellens

Elphidium tumidum

Bolivina bicostata

Goesella flintii

Uvigerina incilis

Epistominella exigua

Bolivina humilis

Hanzawaia nitidula

Uvigerina peregrina

Epistominella pacifica

Bolivina plicata

Haplophragmoides columbiensis

Uvigerina proboscidea

Eponides turgidus

Bolivina seminuda

Haplophragmoides planissimum

North of Puerto Angel

Fursenkoina punctata

Bolivina spissa

Hoeglundina elegans

Fursenkoina schreibersiana

Bolivina striatula

Lagena dentaliformis

Bathysiphon filiformis

Gaudryina excolata

Bolivina vaughani

Melonis barleeanus

Lagena clavata

Bulimina affinis

Nonionella basispinata

South of Puerto Angel

Lagena sulcata

Bulimina denudata

Nonionella Stella

Alliatina primitiva

Lenticulina nicobarensis

Bulimina marginata

Nouria polymorphinoides

Bolivina acuminata

Nonionella atlantica

Bulimina ovata

Planulina ornata

Bolivina filacostata

Nonionella grateloupi

Bulimina pagoda

Planulina wuellerstorfi

Bolivina inflata

Nonionella miocenica

Bulimina tenuata

Pullenia bulloides

Bolivina minuta

Planulina exorna

Buliminella curta

Pullenia elegans

Bolivina pacifica

Quinqueloculina auberiana

Buliminella elegantissima

Rectobolivina hancocki

Bolivina subadvena

Quinqueloculina lamarckiana

Cancris panamensis

Reophax curtus

Bolivina subexcavata

Quinqueloculina venusta

Cassidulina delicata

Reophax dentaliniformis

Bulimina inflata

Rectobotivina bradyi

Cassidulina subglobosa

Reophax excentricus

Cancris sagra

Reophax bilocularis

Chilostomella oolina

Rosalina columbiensis

Cassidulina crassa

Spiroloculina soldanii

Chilostomella ovoidea

Saccammina altantica

Cassidulina cushmani

Suggrunda eckisi

Cibicides mekannai

Textularia corrugate

Cassidulina laevigata

Textularia agglutinans

Epistominella bradyana

Textularia foliacea

Cassidulina minuta

Textularia candeiana

Epistominella obesa

Textularia panamensis

Cassidulina oblonga

Textularia vola

Epistominella smithi

Textularia schencki

Chilostomella cushmani

Trifarina carinata

Eponides antillarum

Textularia secasensis

Cibicides floridanus

Trochammina rotaliformis

INDEX TO PUBLICATIONS THAT ILLUSTRATE OUR
CONCEPT OF THE 114 MOST COMMONLY
RECORDED SPECIES

Alliatina primitiva (Cushman and McCulloch): Cushman and McCulloch, 1940:163, pl. 18; figs. 6–8, 10 [as Cushmanella primitiva].

Ammonia beccarii (Linne): Schnitker, 1974:21 7–223, pl. 1.

Bathysiphon filiformis Sars: Cushman, 1918:27, pl 11: figs. 4, 5.

Bolivina acuminata (Natland): Lankford and Phleger, 1973:115, pl. 4: fig. 5 [as Brizalina acuminata].

Bolivina alata (Seguenza): Brady, 1884:422, pl. 53: figs 2–4 [as Bolivina beyrichi var. alata].

Bolivina argentea Cushman: Cushman and McCulloch, 1942:188, pl. 22: figs. 2–6.

Bolivina bicostata Cushman: Cushman and McCulloch, 1942:195, pl. 23, figs. 9–11, 13–16 [as Bolivina interjuncta var. bicostata].

Bolivina filacostata Cushman and McCulloch: Cushman and McCulloch, 1942:214, pl. 27: figs. 7–11 [as Bolivina tongi var. filacostata].

Bolivina humilis Cushman and McCulloch: Cushman and McCulloch, 1942:211, pl. 26: figs 1–6 [as Bolivina seminuda var. humilis].

Bolivina inflata Heron-Allen and Earland: Smith, 1963:A22, pl. 30: figs. 22, 23.

Bolivina minuta Natland: Cushman and McCulloch, 1942:201, pl. 24: figs. 4–7.

Bolivina pacifica Cushman and McCulloch: Cushman and McCulloch, 1942:185, pl. 21: figs. 2, 3 [as Bolivina acerosa var. pacifica].

Bolivina plicata d'Orbigny: Cushman and McCulloch: 1942:203, pl. 24; figs. 13–15.

Bolivina seminuda Cushman: Cushman and McCulloch, 1942:210, pl. 25: fig. 14.

Bolivina spissa Cushman: Bergen and O'Neil, 1979:1289, pl. 3: fig. 25.

Bolivina striatula Cushman: Cushman, 1944:29, pl. 4: figs. 4, 5.

Bolivina subadvena Cushman: Smith, 1963:A20, pl. 30: figs. 13–17.

Bolivina subexcavata Cushman and Wickenden: Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:76, pl. 2: figs. 11–22.

Bolivina vaughani Natland: Lankford and Phleger, 1973:116, pl. 4: fig. 9 [as Brizalina vaughani].

Bulimina affinis d'Orbigny: Cushman, 1922:103, pl. 20: fig. 6.

Bulimina denudata Cushman and Parker: Cushman and McCulloch, 1948:245, pl. 30: fig. 7.

Bulimina inflata Seguenza: Cushman, 1922:93, pl. 21: fig. 1.

Bulimina marginata d'Orbigny: Schnitker, 1971:194, pl. 5: fig. 5.

Bulimina ovata d'Orbigny: Cushman, 1922:100, pl. 21: fig. 3.

Bulimina pagoda Cushman: Smith, 1964:B32, pl. 2: fig. 5.

Bulimina tenuata Cushman: Bergen and O'Neil, 1979:1289, pl. 5: fig. 8.

Buliminella curta Cushman: Cushman and McCulloch, 1948:235, pl. 29: fig. 1.

Buliminella elegantissima (d'Orbigny): Schnitker, 1971:194, pl. 4: fig. 17.

Cancris panamensis Natland: Natland, 1938:149, pl. 6, fig. 1.

Cancris sagra (d'Orbigny): Schnitker, 1971:194, pl. 6, fig. 5.

Cassidulina crassa d'Orbigny: d'Orbigny, 1839:56, pl. 7: figs. 18–20.

Cassidulina cushmani Stewart and Stewart: Bergen and O'Neal, 1979:1289, pl. 4, fig. 34.

Cassidulina delicata Cushman: Lankford and Phleger, 1973:116, pl. 6: fig. 6 [as Cassidulina sp. cf. C. delicata].

Cassidulina laevigata d'Orbigny: Schnitker, 1971:196, pl. 10: fig. 5.

Cassidulina minuta Cushman: Cushman, 1933:92, pl. 10: fig. 3a–c.

Cassidulina oblonga Reuss: Smith, 1964:B40, pl. 3: fig. 12.

Cassidulina subglobosa Brady: Parker, 1948:237, pl. 6: figs. 3a,b.

Chilostomella cushmani Chapman: Chapman, 1941:177, pl. 8: fig. 9; pl. 9: fig. 6.

Chilostomella oolina Schwager: Parker, 1954:537, pl. 11: fig. 15.

Chilostomella ovoidea Reuss: Crouch, 1952:841, pl. 7: fig. 1.

Cibicides floridanus (Cushman): Phleger and Parker, 1951:30, pl. 16: figs. 1–4 [as Cibicides aff. floridanus].

Cibicides mckannai Galloway and Wissler: Bergen and O'Neil, 1979:1289, pl. 3: figs. 8–10 [as Cibicides aff. mckannai].

Cibicides pseudoungerianus (Cushman): Cushman, 1931:123, pl. 22: figs. 3–7 [as Cibicides pseudoungeriana].

Discorbis versiformis Bandy: Bandy, 1953:179, pl. 22: fig. 5 [as Rotalia versiformis].

Dyocibicides biserialis Cushman and Valentine: Todd and Low, 1967:A35, pl. 5: fig. 3.

Elphidium spinatum Cushman and Valentine: Lankford and Phleger, 1973:118, pl. 3: fig. 23.

Elphidium tumidum Natland: Natland, 1938:144, pl. 5: figs. 5, 6,

Epistominella bradyana (Cushman): Cushman, 1927:165, pl. 5: figs. 11–13 [as Pulvinulinella bradyana].

Epistominella exigua (Brady): Phleger and Parker, 1951:28, pl. 15: figs. 6, 7 [as Pseudoparrella exigua].

Epistominella obesa Bandy and Arnal: Bandy and Arnal, 1957a:56, pl. 7: fig. 8a–c.

Epistominella pacifica (Cushman): Todd and Low, 1967:A32, pl. 5: fig. 18.

Epistominella smithi (Stewart and Stewart): Stewart and Stewart, 1930:70, pl. 9: fig. 4a–c [as Pulvinulinella smithi].

Eponides antillarum (d'Orbigny): Cushman, 1931:42, pl. 9: fig. 2a,c.

Eponides tenera Brady: Cushman, 1927:163, pl. 5: figs. 6, 7.

Eponides turgidus Phleger and Parker: Phleger and Parker, 1951:22, pl. 11: fig. 9a,b.

Fursenkoina bramlettei (Galloway and Morey): Crouch, 1952:828, pl. 2: fig. 12 [as Virgulina bramlettei].

Fursenkoina punctata (d'Orbigny): Parker, 1954:513, pl. 7: fig. 11 [as Virgulina punctata].

Fursenkoina sandiegoensis Uchio: Uchio, 1960:63, pl. 6: figs. 17, 18 [as Virgulina sandiegoensis].

Fursenkoina schreibersiana (Czjek): Cushman, 1922:117, pl. 26: fig. 6 [as Virgulina schreibersiana].

Gaudryina atlantica (Bailey): Cushman, 1922:70, pl. 13: figs. 1–3.

Gaudryina excolata Cushman: Smith 1964:B28, pl. 1: fig. 9.

Globobulimina pacifica Cushman: Bergen and O'Neil, 1979:1290, pl. 6: fig. 9.

Goesella flintii Cushman: Cushman and McCulloch, 1939:98, pl. 10: figs. 4–9.

Hanzawaia nitidula (Bandy): Bandy, 1953:178, pl. 22: fig. 3 [as Cibicidina basiloba var. nitidula]; Lankford and Phleger, 1973:122, pl. 6: fig. 19.

Haplophragmoides columbiensis Cushman: Cushman and McCulloch, 1939:72, pl. 5: figs. 8–10 [as Haplophragmoides columbiense].

Haplophragmoides planissimum Cushman: Cushman, 1927:135, pl. 1: fig. 6 [as Haplophragmoides planissima].

Hoeglundina elegans (d'Orbigny): Schnitker, 1971:204, pl. 10: fig. 15.

Lagena clavata (d'Orbigny): Cushman, 1923:10, pl. 1: fig. 15.

Lagena dentaliniformis Bagg: Cushman and McCulloch, 1950:337, pl. 44: figs. 10, 11.

Lagena sulcata (Walker and Jacob): Cushman and McCulloch, 1950:335, pl. 48: fig. 2 [as Lagena cf. sulcata].

Lenticulina nicobarensis (Galloway and Wissler): Galloway and Wissler, 1927:51, pl. 8: fig. 11 [as Robulus cushmani].

Melonis barleeanus (Williamson): Cushman, 1927:149, pl. 2: fig. 5 [as Nonion umbilicatula var. pacifica].

Nonionella atlantica Cushman: Cushman, 1947:90, pl. 30: figs. 4, 5.

Nonionella basispinata Cushman and Moyer: Cushman and McCulloch, 1940:158, pl. 17: figs. 8, 9; pl. 18: figs. 4, 5 [as Nonion pizarrense var. basispinatum).

Nonionella grateloupi (d'Orbigny): Schnitker, 1971:206, pl. 10: fig. 6 [as Nonion grateloupi].

Nonionella miocenica Cushman: Cushman and McCulloch, 1940:161, pl. 18: fig. 1.

Nonionella stella Cushman and Moyer: Cushman and McCulloch, 1940:162, pl. 18: fig. 2 [as Nonionella miocenica var. stella].

Nouria polymorphinoides Heron-Allen and Earland: Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:11, pl. 3: figs. 1, 2.

Planulina exorna Phleger and Parker: Schnitker, 1971:206, pl. 9: fig. 6.

Planulina ornata (d'Orbigny): Bandy, 1954:137, pl. 31: fig. 2.

Planulina wuellerstorfi (Schwager): Phleger and Parker, 1951:33, pl. 18: figs. 11a,b; pl. 19: figs. 1–3.

Pullenia bulloides (d'Orbigny): Phleger and Parker, 1951:29, pl. 15: fig. 11.

Pullenia elegans Cushman and Todd: Lankford and Phleger, 1973:125, pl. 6: fig. 9.

Quinqueloculina auberiana d'Orbigny: Smith, 1964:B30, pl. 1: fig. 10a,b.

Quinqueloculina lamarckiana d'Orbigny: Schnitker, 1971:208, pl. 3: fig. 16.

Quinqueloculina venusta Karrer: Parker, 1954:498, pl. 4: figs. 13, 14.

Rectobolivina bradyi (Asano): Asano, 1950, 11: figs. 42, 43 [as Bolivina bradyi].

Rectobolivina hancocki (Cushman and McCulloch): Cushman and McCulloch, 1942:225, pl. 28: figs. 13–19 [as Bifarina hancocki].

Reophax bilocularis Flint: Smith, 1964:B27, pl. 1: fig. 1.

Reophax curtus Cushman: Sen Gupta, 1971:84, pl. 1: figs. 2–4.

Reophax dentaliniformis Brady: Cushman, 1920:18, pl. 5: figs. 4, 5.

Reophax excentricus Cushman: Cushman and McCulloch, 1939:60, pl. 3: figs. 4–9.

Rosalina columbiensis (Cushman). Lankford and Phleger, 1973:127, pl. 5: figs. 10–12.

Saccammina atlantica (Cushman): Sen Gupta, 1971:83, pl. 1: fig. 1.

Spiroloculina soldanii Fornasini: Smith, 1964:B30, pl. 1: fig. 1 4a,b.

Suggrunda eckisi Natland: Smith, 1963:A24, pl. 31: figs. 13, 14.

Textularia agglutinans d'Orbigny: Todd and Bronnimann, 1957:24, pl. 2: fig. 13.

Textularia candeiana d'Orbigny: Schnitker, 1971:212, pl. 1: fig. 10; Todd and Bronniman, 1957:24, pl. 2: fig. 14.

Textularia corrugata Heron-Allen and Earland: Lalicker and McCulloch, 1940:126, pl. 14: fig. 9a–d.

Textularia foliacea Heron-Allen and Earland: Lalicker and McCulloch, 1940:128, pl. 14: fig. 11a–c.

Textularia panamensis Cushman: Smith, 1964:B28, pl. 1: fig. 6a,b.

Textularia schencki Cushman and Valentine: Lalicker and McCulloch, 1940:128, pl. 16: fig. 23a–c.

Textularia secasensis Lalicker and McCulloch: Lalicker and McCulloch, 1940:141, pl. 16: fig. 24.

Textularia vola Lalicker and McCulloch: Lalicker and McCulloch, 1940:142, p. 16: fig. 27a–e.

Thurammina erinacea Göes: Göes, 1896:26, pl. 2: figs. 9–10.

Trifarina carinata (Cushman): Cushman and McCulloch, 1948:281, pl. 35: figs. 8, 11 [as Angulogerina carinata].

Triloculina trigonula (Lamarck): Schnitker, 1971:212, pl. 3: fig. 11.

Trochammina pacifica Cushman: Cushman and McCulloch, 1939:103, pl. 11: fig. 3.

Trochammina rotaliformis Wright: Cushman and McCulloch, 1939:107, pl. 12: fig. 2.

Uvigerina auberiana d'Orbigny: Parker, 1954:519, pl. 7: fig. 38; pl. 8: fig. 1.

Uvigerina excellens Todd: Cushman and McCulloch, 1948:258, pl. 33: fig. 2.

Uvigerina incilis Todd: Cushman and McCulloch, 1948:260, pl. 33, fig. 4.

Uvigerina peregrina Cushman: Cushman, 1923:166, pl. 42: figs. 7–10, Pflum and Frerichs, 1976:108, pl. 8: figs. 2, 3 [as Uvigerina peregrina peregrina].

Uvigerina proboscidea Schwager: Cushman and McCulloch, 1948:267, pl. 34: fig. 4.

References

(An asterisk marks each of the 21 publications from which distribution data were drawn for construction of the catalogs.)

Asano, K.

1950. Part 2, Buliminidae. In Illustrated Catalogue of Japanese Tertiary Smaller Foraminifera, pages–19. Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohuku University, Sendai, Japan.

Bandy, O.L.

1953. Ecology and Paleoecology of Some California Foraminifera, 1: The Frequency Distribution of Recent Foraminifera off California. Journal of Paleontology, 27(2): 161–182.

1954. Distribution of Some Shallow-Water Foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 254-F:123–141.

Bandy, O.L., and R.E. Arnal

*1957a. Some New Tertiary and Recent Foraminifera from California and the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 8(2):54–58.

*1957b. Distribution of Recent Foraminifera off West Coast of Central America. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 41(9):2037–2053.

Bergen, F.W., and P. O'Neil

1979. Distribution of Holocene Foraminifera in the Gulf of Alaska. Journal of Paleontology, 53(6):1267–1292.

Brady, H.B.

1884. Report on the Foraminifera Collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the Years 1873–76. In Report...Challenger, Zoology, 9(22): xxi + 814 pages, 115 plates. London.

Brusca, R.C., and B.R. Wallerstein

1979. Zoogeographic Patterns of Idoteid Isopods in the Northeast Pacific, with a Review of Shallow Water Zoogeography of the Area. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 3:67–105.

Buzas, M.A., and S.J. Culver

1980. Foraminifera: Distribution of Provinces in the Western North Atlantic, Science, 209:687–689.

Buzas, M.A., R.K. Smith, and K.A. Beem

1977. Ecology and Systematics of Foraminifera in Two Thalassia Habitats, Jamaica, West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 31:1–139.

Chapman, F.

1941. Report on Foraminiferal Soundings and Dredgings of the F.I.S. Endeavour along the Continental Shelf of the South-East Coast of Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 65(2): 145–211.

Crouch, R.W.

1952. Significance of Temperature on Foraminifera from Deep Basins off the Southern California Coast. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 36(5):807–843.

Culver, S.J., and M.A. Buzas

1980. Distribution of Recent Benthic Foraminifera off the North American Atlantic Coast. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 6:1–512.

1981a. Recent Benthic Foraminiferal Provinces on the Atlantic Continental Margin of North America. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 11(3):217–240.

1981b. Distribution of Selected Recent Benthic Foraminiferal Genera in the Western North Atlantic. In J.W. Neale and M.D. Brasier, editors, Microfossils from Recent and Fossil Shelf Seas, pages 336–349. Chichester, England: Ellis Horwood.

1981c. Distribution of Recent Benthic Foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 8(1–2):1–898.

1981d. Foraminifera: Distribution of Provinces in the Gulf of Mexico, Nature, 290:328–329.

1982a. Recent Benthic Foraminiferal Provinces between Newfoundland and Yucatan. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 93:269–277.

1982b. Distribution of Recent Benthic Foraminifera in the Caribbean Region. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 14:1–382.

1983. Recent Benthic Foraminiferal Provinces in the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 13(1):21–31.

1985. Distribution of Recent Benthic Foraminifera off the North American Pacific Coast from Oregon to Alaska. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 26:1–234.

1986. Distribution of Recent Benthic Foraminifera off the North American Pacific Coast from California to Baja. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 28: 634 pages, 131 figs.

Cushman, J.A.

*1910. A Monograph of the Foraminifera of the North Pacific Ocean, Part 1: Astrorhizidae and Lituolidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 71(1):1–134.

*1911. A Monograph of the Foraminifera of the North Pacific Ocean, Part 2: Textulariidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 71(2):1–108.

*1913. A Monograph of the Foraminifera of the North Pacific Ocean, Part 3: Lagenidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 7l(3):l–125.

*1914. A Monograph of the Foraminifera of the North Pacific Ocean, Part 4: Chilostomellidae, Globigerinidae, and Nummulitidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 71(4): 1–46.

*1915. A Monograph of the Foraminifera of the North Pacific Ocean, Part 5: Rotaliidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 71(5):l–87.

*1917. A Monograph of the Foraminifera of the North Pacific Ocean, Part 6: Miliolidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 71(6):1–108.

1918. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, 1: Astrorhizidae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 104:1–111.

1920. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, Part 2: Lituolidae. Bulletin of the United States Museum, 102(2): 1–111.

1922. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, Part 3: Texulariidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 104(3):l–228.

1923. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, Part 4: Lagenidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 104(4):l–228.

*1927. Recent Foraminifera from off the West Coast of America. Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Technical Series, 1:119–188.

1931. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, Part 8: Rotaliidae, Amphisteginidae, Calcarinidae, Cymbaloporettidae, Globorotaliidae, Anomalinidae, Planorbulinidae, Rupertiidae and Homotremidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 104(8):1–179.

1933. Some New Recent Foraminifera from the Tropical Pacific. Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, 9(4):77–95.

1944. Foraminifera from the Shallow-Water of the New England Coast. Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 12:1–37.

1947. New Species and Varieties of Foraminifera from off the Southeastern Coast of the United States. Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, 23(4):86–92.

Cushman, J.A., and I. McCulloch

*1939. A Report on Some Arenaceous Foraminifera. University of Southern California, Publications of the Allen Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 6(1):1–113.

*1940. Some Nonionidae in the Collections of the Allen Hancock Foundation. University of Southern California, Publications of the Allen Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 6(3):145–178.

*1942. Some Virgulininae in the Collections of the Allen Hancock Foundation. University of Southern California, Publications of the Allen Hancock Pacific Expeditions 6(4): 181–230.

*1948. The Species of Bolivina and Related Genera in the Collections of the Allen Hancock Foundation. University of Southern California, Publications of the Allen Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 6(5):231–294.

*1950. Some Lagenidae in the Collections of the Allen Hancock Foundation. University of Southern California, Publications of the Allen Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 6(6):295–364.

Galloway, J.J., and S.G. Wissler

1927. Pleistocene Foraminifera from the Lomita Quarry, Palos Verdes Hills, California, Journal of Paleontology, l(l):35–87.

Göes, A.

*1896. Reports on the Dredging Operations off the West Coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the West Coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in Charge of Alexander Agassiz, Carried on by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z.I. Tanner, U.S.N., Commanding: XX, The Foraminifera. Bulletin of the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology, 29(9):1–103.

Golik, A., and F.B Phleger

*1977. Benthonic Foraminifera from the Gulf of Panama. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 7(2):83–99.

Lalicker, C.G., and I. McCulloch

*1940. Some Textularidae of the Pacific Ocean. University of Southern California, Publications of the Allen Hancock Expeditions, 6(2):115–143.

Lankford, R.R., and F.B Phleger

1973. Foraminifera from the Nearshore Turbulent Zone, Western North America. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 3(3):101–132.

Natland, M.L.

*1938. New Species of Foraminifera from off the West Coast of North America and from the Later Tertiary of the Los Angeles Basin. Bulletin of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography, Technical Series, 4(5):137–164.

Orbigny, A., d'

1839. Foraminiferes. In Voyage dans l'Amerique Meridonale, 5(5):l–86. Strasbourg: P. Bertrand.

Parker, F.L.

1948. Foraminifera of the Continental Shelf from the Gulf of Maine to Maryland. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 100(2):213–241.

1954. Distribution of the Foraminifera in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 111(10):451–588.

Parker, F.L., F.B Phleger, and J.F. Peirson

1953. Ecology of Foraminifera from San Antonio Bay and Environs, Southwest Texas. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 2:1–75.

Pflum, C.E., and W.E. Frerichs

1976. Gulf of Mexico Deep-Water Foraminifers. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 14:1–125.

Phleger, F.B

*1964. Patterns of Living Benthic Foraminifera, Gulf of California. In Tj.H. Van Andel and G.G. Shor, editors, Marine Geology of the Gulf of California, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir, 3:377–394.

*1965a. Depth Patterns of Benthic Foraminifera in the Eastern Pacific. In M. Sears, editor, Progress in Oceanography, 3:273–287.

Phleger, F.B, and F.L. Parker

1951. Ecology of Foraminifera, Northwest Gulf of Mexico, Part 2: Foraminifera Species. Geological Society of America, Memoir, 46:1–64.

Schnitker, D.

1971. Distribution of Foraminifera on the North Carolina Continental Shelf. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology, 8(4):169–215.

1974. Ecotypic Variation in Ammonia beccarii (Linne). Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 4(4):216–223.

Sen Gupta, B.K.

1971. The Benthonic Foraminifera of the Tail of the Grand Banks. Micropaleontology, 17(l):69–98.

Smith, P.B.

1963. Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of the Family Bolivinidae. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 429-A:A1–A39.

*1964. Ecology of Benthonic Species: Recent Foraminifera off Central America. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 429-B:B1–B55.

Stewart, R.E., and K.C. Stewart

1930. Post-Miocene Foraminifera from the Ventura Quadrangle, Ventura County, California. Journal of Paleontology, 4(l):60–72.

Todd, R., and P. Bronnimann

1957. Recent Foraminifera and Thecamoebina from the Eastern Gulf of Paria, Trinidad. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 3:1–43.

Todd, R., and D. Low

1967. Recent Foraminifera from the Gulf of Alaska and Southeastern Alaska. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 573-A:A1–A46.

Uchio, T.

1960. Ecology of Living Benthonic Foraminifera from the San Diego, California, Area. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 5:1–72.

CATALOG 1

Unsynonymized Species with Publication and Location

CATALOG 2

Synonymized Species with Publication and Location

CATALOG 3

Unsynonymized Species

CATALOG 4

Synonymized Species

CATALOG 5

Latitude and Longitude of Synonymized Species

MAPS

Figures 1–115

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