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| S. Dillon Ripley
| Secretary
| Smithsonian Institution

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES • NUMBER 10

The Marine Algae of Tunisia

Ernani G. Meñez
and Arthur C. Mathieson

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS
City of Washington
1981

ABSTRACT

Meñez, Ernani G., and Arthur C. Mathieson. The Marine Algae of Tunisia. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, number 10, 59 pages, 1 figure, 1981.—A taxonomic study of the marine flora of Tunisia, North Africa, was conducted during 1973–1975. A total of 169 species, 37 Chlorophyta, 36 Phaeophyta, 96 Rhodophyta, of benthic marine algae were collected from 29 sites along the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia. Of the 169 species, 57 taxa are newly reported for the country. Of these, 16 represent genera previously unreported.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Seascape along the Atlantic coast of eastern North America.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Meñez, Ernani G. The marine algae of Tunisia.

(Smithsonian contributions to the marine sciences ; no. 10)

Bibliography: p.

1. Marine algae—Tunisia.   I. Mathieson, Arthur C.   II. Title.   III. Series.

QK576.T8M46   589.3961′1   81–607084   AACR2

The Marine Algae of Tunisia

Ernani G. Meñez
and Arthur C. Mathieson

Ernani G. Meñez, Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. Arthur C. Mathieson, director, Jackson Estuarine Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hamphshire 03824.

Introduction

The North African country of Tunisia lies on the southwestern shore of the Mediterranean between Algeria and Libya (Figure 1). The country’s extensive coastline (approximately 1500 km) borders the eastern and western basins of the Mediterranean. Very few detailed floristic studies of the Tunisian marine flora have been conducted.

The first records of Tunisian marine algae (42 species) were published by Piccone (1884, 1879) from Galite and Cani Islands in northern Tunisia. Patouillard (1897) published a catalog of plants in which Sauvageau reported 6 species of seaweeds from the Gulf of Gabes in southeastern Tunisia. In the same year Debray (1897) reported 30 species from Tunisia. Peterson (1918) listed 19 species collected by Paulsen and Ostenfeld from Galite Island during the winter of 1908–1909 and summer of 1910 cruises of the Thor’s Danish océanographie expeditions to the Mediterranean and adjacent seas. Schiffner (1926) published the first marine flora of Tunisia, listing 60 species of algae from Tunis, the capital of the country, and Sfax, a coastal city in the east. Hamel (1926, 1927, 1931a,b) listed 55 species of algae from Tunisia. Feldmann published two short papers (1931a, 1951) on Tunisian algae citing a few specimens from Gabes and Sousse. Subsequently Feldmann (1961) gave a comprehensive report of 90 species from Galite Island in northern Tunisia. Hamel and Lemoine (1953), in their publication of the Corallinaceae of France and North Africa, listed 15 species of coralline algae from Tunisia. Earlier Lemoine (1924) reported 3 species of calcareous algae from Tunisia during the Mediterranean cruise of the Pourquois Pas?. A list of 56 species of seaweeds from the Gulf of Tunis was published by Ben Alaya (1970). Other investigators, such as Fremy (1925), Pottier (1929), Huve (1962), Boudouresque (1967), Mazoyer (1937, 1938), Seurat (1929), Mollinier and Picard (1954), have also contributed to our knowledge of the benthic marine algae in Tunisia.

General collections of seaweeds were made at different times of the year at 29 sites throughout the Tunisian coast (Figure 1) between 1973–1975. Voucher specimens of all the species collected at each site were prepared. Whenever possible, 5 or more replicates of each species were made. Habitat descriptions of the 29 collecting sites (Figure 1) are summarized in “Collecting Locations on the Tunisian Coast.” Overall, the sites represent exposed, semi-exposed, and sheltered locations, and the algae were either growing on rocks or sand-mud substrate or epiphytically on seagrasses or other algae. The specimens were collected principally by free diving to 3 m deep or dredging to a depth of 40 m.

A total of 169 taxa of seaweeds was collected from the 29 sites in Tunisia, including 37 (22%) Chlorophyta, 36 (21%) Phaeophyta, and 96 (57%) Rhodophyta. Of the 169 species, 57 are newly reported from Tunisia, i.e., 14 Chlorophyta, 8 Phaeophyta and 35 Rhodophyta. Of these, 16 represent genera previously unreported. The genera are: Spatoglossum, Punctaria, Blidingia, Derbesia, Pseudobryopsis, Scinaia, Myriogramme, Bonnemaisonia, Falkenbergia, Cryptonemia, Halarachnion, Hypoglossum, Rhodymenia, Pterosiphonia, Spyridia, Digenia. The taxa new to Tunisia are designated with an asterisk (*) in the systematic section. Basionyms and synonyms are included in the list. References pertinent to Tunisian marine flora, general collection data, and the distribution of seaweed taxa in the Mediterranean, northeastern Atlantic, Red Sea, and Indian Ocean are included in the list. Collector is designated as ECM for E. G. Meñez. The numbers in italic cited after the collector correspond to collecting stations, followed by specimen numbers in roman. Specimens are being deposited in the U.S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution (US), the Hogdon Herbarium (NHA) at the University of New Hampshire, and the Institut National Scientifique, Technical d’Océanographie et des Pêches (INSTOP) in Tunisia.

FIGURE 1.—General collecting sites throughout the Tunisian coast.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—This study represents a portion of a dissertation submitted by E. Meñez to the University of New Hampshire in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy. The financial support provided by the Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program for the research in Tunisia was greatly appreciated. We wish to thank Dr. S. Dillon Ripley, secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, for granting travel support from the Fluid Research Fund to enable E. G. Meñez to stud) specimens of Tunisian seaweeds deposited in the British Museum (Natural History), London, and in the Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. We would like to acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Abderrazak Azouz, director, Institut National Scientifique, Technical d’Oceanographie et des Pêches (Tunisia), for granting permission to collect and study seaweeds from Tunisia. For critical review and discussion of this paper, we are indebted to Dr. Linn Bogle and Dr. Garrett Crow, Department of Botany, University of New Hampshire; Dr. James Norris, National Museum of National History, Smithsonian Institution; and Dr. John West, Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Paul Silva, University of California Herbarium, Berkeley, assisted with problems of literature citations, for which we are grateful. For their encouragement and continued support, the senior author wishes to thank Dr. Robert Higgins and Dr. Raymond Manning, Smithsonian Institution. Last, but not least, we would like to acknowledge the assistance of Ms. Hilconida Calumpong, Smithsonian fellow (Educational Outreach Program), in the final proofreading and typing of this paper.

Collecting Locations on the Tunisian Coast

The Tunisian coastline is approximately 1500 km long. The northern boundary (08°45′00″ N lat., 36°57′00″ E long.) is 5 km west of the city of Tabarka and the southern boundary (11°34′00″ N lat., 33° 10′00″ E long.) is 6 km south of Lake El Bibane. A brief description of each collecting station (Figure 1) is given below.

Station 1, Tabarka: a sheltered rocky beach at the western edge of the port. The substrate consists of large subtidal rock outcrops. A rich algal flora is evident.

Station 2, Cap Serrat: a semi-exposed sandy beach 56 km west of Bizerte. A rocky promontory with large tidepools provides an excellent substrate for a well-developed flora. Heavy populations of Posidonia with numerous algal epiphytes.

Station 3, Bechateur: an isolated, semi-exposed rocky site with a sandy beach 3 km west of the town. Rocky outcrops and Posidonia beds abound with algae.

Station 4, Corniche, Bizerte: an exposed sandy beach located behind Hotel Corniche 4 km west of the town. Collection consisted of drift specimens of algae.

Station 5, Cap Zebib: an exposed sandy beach 12 km west of Bizerte. Vertical surfaces of rock benches, subtidal rock platforms, and sparse population of seagrass provide an excellent substrate for a rich algal flora.

Station 6, Raf Raf: an exposed sandy beach 15 km west of Cap Zebib. The substrate consists of a few, small rock outcrops and sand. Algae were sparse.

Station 7, Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki: an exposed sandy beach at the northwest end of Gulf of Tunis. Few, scattered rocks with poor algal cover.

Station 8, Ile Plane: an exposed offshore station 8 km west of Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki. The substrate consists of rocks mixed with sand and calcareous algae fragments. Algae were dredged from depths of 15–75 m.

Station 9, mouth of Madjerda: a semi-exposed site near a river outlet 8 km south of Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki. The substrate consists of muddy sand. Algae were dredged from depths of 15–57 m.

Station 10, Raouad: an exposed sandy beach 13 km south of Madjerda on the western side of the Gulf of Tunis. The substrate consists of sand with few, isolated rocks. Algae collection consisted of drift specimens.

Station 11, Gammarth: a semi-exposed sandy beach behind Abou Nawas Hotel 9 km south of Raouad. Rock outcrops and Cymodocea beds abound with well-developed marine flora.

Station 12, Corniche, La Marsa: a sheltered sandy beach 7 km north of Gammarth in the Bay of Tunis. A rocky promontory and extensive Cymodocea beds provide a good substrate for a rich algal flora.

Station 13, Sidi Bou Said: a sheltered marina enclosed by man-made rock piles 3 km south of Corniche, La Marsa. Sparse Cymodocea covered with algal epiphytes.

Station 14, Korbous: a semi-exposed rocky beach 6 km south of the town on the Cap Bon peninsula. Few algae were found on intertidal rocks and Cymodocea.

Station 15, Nabeul: an exposed rocky beach behind Hotel Pyramides on the Cap Bon peninsula. Intertidal rock platforms with few algae.

Station 16, Hammamet: a semi-exposed sandy beach behind an old fortification on the Cap Bon peninsula. Isolated boulders provide a good substrate for rich populations of Codium and Porphyra.

Station 17, Sousse: a semi-exposed sandy beach adjacent to the main boulevard. Massive rock piles 50 m offshore support a rich algal flora.

Station 18, Monastir: an exposed rocky beach 14 km south-west of Sousse. The substrate consists of sand and rocks. Vegetation is poor.

Station 19, Sidi Fredj, Kerkenna Island: a semi-exposed sandy-muddy beach on the western end of the island. Occasional rocks and Cymodocea beds provide substrate for the algae.

Station 20, El Attaya, Kerkenna Island: an exposed sandy-muddy beach on the southern end of the island. Intertidal rock platforms and Cymodocea beds abound with lush algal vegetation.

Station 21, Sidi Youssef, Kerkenna Island: a sheltered sandy-muddy beach adjacent to the ferry-landing. Sand, mud, and occasional rocks support a poor vegetation.

Station 22, Gulf of Gabes: an offshore station 72 km south of the city of Sfax. Algae were dredged from depths of 37–38 m.

Station 23, Bordj Djillidj, Djerba Island: an exposed sandy beach on the northwestern end of the island. Coarse sand supports few algae.

Station 24, Dar Djerba, Djerba Island: an exposed sandy beach behind Hotel Dar Djerba. Rock outcrops with poor cover of algae.

Station 25, Sakiet, Djerba Island: an exposed sandy beach 3 km south of Dar Djerba. Seagrass, rocks, and sand provide substrate for algae.

Station 26, El Kantara, Djerba Island: a sheltered sandy beach on the southern end of the island. Intertidal rock platforms and Cymodocea beds provide a good substrate for marine vegetation.

Station 27, Aghir, Djerba Island: a semi-exposed sandy beach 5 km north of El Kantara. Cymodocea with numerous algal epiphytes. Occasional rocks support sparse populations of larger algae.

Station 28, Zarzis: an exposed sandy beach adjacent to a small bridge 18 km south of El Kantara. The substrate consists of rocks and sand. Vegetation is poor.

Station 29, El Bibane: a sheltered salt-water lake 8 km north of the Libyan border. The substrate inside the lake consists of mud and sand, which support thick populations of Cystoseira, Udotea, and Halimeda. Subtidal rock platforms at the narrow opening into the lake with rich algal cover.

Key to the Marine Algae of Tunisia

Division PHAEOPHYTA

Class PHAEOPHYCEAE

Order ECTOCARPALES

Family ECTOCARPACEAF

Ectocarpus fasciculatus Harvey

*Ectocarpus fasciculatus Harvey, 1851, pl. 273.—Gayral, 1958:122, 197, 199.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:69.—Ardre, 1970:231.—Boudouresque and Perrett, 1977:96.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (France, Corsica).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 298(US); 301 (NHA).

REMARKS.—Common; found in June and August epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa.

Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillwyn) Lyngbye

Conferva siliculosa Dillwyn, 1807:69.

Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillwyn) Lyngbye, 1819:131.—Bornet, 1892:246.—Funk, 1927:239.—Feldmann, 1931b:209; 1937:265.—Hamel, 1931d:21.—Papenfuss, 1968:28.—Ardre, 1970:229.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:743.—Güven and Östig, 1971:122.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:212.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, La Marsa, Sousse); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Algeria); Red Sea.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 296(INSTOP), 302(US); 17: 297(NHA).

REMARKS.—Common; found in January, February, April, May, and August epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa.

*Giffordia hincksiae (Harvey) Hamel

Ectocarpus hincksiae Harvey, 1841:40.—Bornet, 1892:246.

Giffordia hincksiae (Harvey) Hamel, 1939:xv.—Gayral, 1958:200.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:70.—Ardre, 1970:238.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Sousse); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 308, 309; 17: 306(US), 307(NHA), 310(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in April epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa.

Family RALFSIACEAE

Ralfsia verrucosa (Areschoug) J. Agardh

Cruoria verrucosa Areschoug, 1843:264.

Ralfsia verrucosa (Areschoug) J. Agardh, 1848:62.—Piccone, 1884:117.—Bornet, 1892:241.—Boergesen, 1926:64.—Funk, 1927:344.—Feldmann, 1931b:210; 1961:505.—Riedl, 1963:47.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:70.—Papenfuss. 1968:30.—Ardre, 1970:247.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:744.—Giaccone et al., 1973:110.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1973:7.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:100.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Algeria); Red Sea.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 492(NHA); 18: 1976(US).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April growing as crust on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Order SPHACELARIALES

Family SPHACELARIACEAE

Sphacelaria cirrosa (Roth) C. Agardh

Conferva cirrosa Roth, 1800:214.

Sphacelaria cirrosa (Roth) C. Agardh, 1824:164.—Piccone, 1879:24; 1884:116.—Bornet, 1892:240.—Boergesen, 1926:74.—Schiffner, 1926:308.—Funk, 1927:354.—Feldmann, 1931b:214; 1937:268; 1961:505.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:218.—Dao, 1957:168.—Riedl, 1963:49.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:76.—Ardre, 1970:258.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:749.—Güven and Östig, 1971:124.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:212 Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:104.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Algeria).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1:515(US), 1191 (NHA).

REMARKS.—Common; found in April epiphytic on Cymodocea sedoides.

*Sphacelaria furcigera Kuetzing

Sphacelaria furcigera Kuetzing, 1855:27.—Boergesen, 1926:72.—Papenfuss, 1968:31.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:105.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Corsica); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 2:1184(US).

REMARKS.—Common; found in April epiphytic on Cystoseira.

*Sphacelaria tribuloides Meneghini

Sphacelaria tribuloides Meneghini, 1840:[2],—Boergesen, 1926:72.—Funk, 1927:353.—Hamel, 1939:xli.—Feldmann, 1937:268.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:217.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Papenfuss, 1968:31.—Lipkin and Safriel, 1971:7.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:749.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:213.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:106.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Hammamet); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Israel, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 516–518(US); 16: 519(NHA), 520(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April and September epiphytic on various algae.

Family STYPOCAULACEAE

Halopteris filicina (Grateloup) Kuetzing

Cerarmium filicinum Grateloup, 1806:33.

Halopteris filicina (Grateloup) Kuetzing, 1843:292.—Bornet, 1892:239.—Petersen, 1918:8.—Funk, 1927:354.—Feldmann, 1931b:214; 1937:268; 1961:505.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:218.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Dao, 1957:169.—Riedl, 1963:49.—Edelstein, 1964:186.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:76.—Ardre, 1970:260.—Ben Alaya, 1970:209.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:219.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:749.—Güven and Östig, 1971:124.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:212.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:103.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (He Plane, mouth of Madjerda, Sidi Bou Said); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Egypt).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 8: 316, 325–330; 9: 311–315, 317–320, 331; 13: 321–322(US), 323(NHA), 324(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in October and December on rocks. Dredged from 15 to 57 m.

Halopteris scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau

Conferva scoparia Linnaeus, 1758:720.

Halopteris scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau, 1907:506.—Petersen, 1918:8.—Boergesen, 1926:75.—Feldmann, 1931b:214; 1937:268; 1961:505.—Hamel, 1938:263.—Nasr, 1940a:14.—Gayral, 1958:204.—Riedl, 1963:49.—Papenfuss, 1968:32.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:219.—Ardre, 1970:261.—Ben Alaya, 1970:209.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:749.—Güven and Östig, 1971:124.—Giaccone et al., 1973:112.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:212.

Stypocaulon scoparium Kuetzing, 1843:293.—Bornet, 1892:238.—Funk, 1927:355.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:219.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:77.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Tabarka, Cap Zebib, Bechateur, Ras Sidi AH El Mekki, Bizerte, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Nabeul, Hammamet, Monastir, Sousse, Djerba Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 336–338, 365; 2: 339, 351, 353, 1172, 1260; 3: 355, 375–386; 4: 349, 350; 5: 354, 1366, 1367; 7: 366; 12: 352, 356–358; 13: 359–364; 15: 369–374; 16: 367, 368; 17: 322; 18: 340–348(US); 24: 333–335(NHA); 29: 387(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from February to July and in September and October on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Family CLADOSTEPHACEAE

Cladostephus verticillatus (Lightfoot) Lyngbye

Conferva verticillata Lightfoot, 1777:984.

Cladostephus verticillatus (Lightfoot) Lyngbye, 1819:102.—Fremy, 1925:28.—Boergesen, 1926:75.—Funk, 1927:356.—Feldmann, 1931b:214; 1937:268; 1961:505.—Hamel, 1938:268.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:219.—Riedl. 1963:49.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:77.—Ardre, 1970:262.—Ben Alaya, 1970:209.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:218.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:750.—Güven and Östig, 1971:125.—Giaccone et al., 1973:112.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:211.

Cladostephus verticillatus J. Agardh, 1848:43.—Piccone, 1884:117.—Bornet, 1892:239.—DeToni, 1895:455.—Gayral, 1958:208.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Cap Zebib, Bechateur, Raf Raf, mouth of Madjerda, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Hammamet, Nabeul, Monastir); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Libya),

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1265, 1266; 3: 13–21, 27, 30; 6: 7, 24; 9: 8–12, 26; 12: 22; 13: 5, 6, 23; 15: 25, 29; 16: 28; 18: 1–4(US), 2029(NHA), 2031(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found in February, from April to July, and in September, October, and December.

Order CUTLERIALES

Family CUTLERIACEAE

Zanardinia prototypus Nardo

Zanardinia prototypus Nardo, 1841:189.—Feldmann, 1937:268.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Dao, 1957:169.—Edelstein, 1962:213; 1964:187.—Ardre, 1970:263.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:218.—Ben Alaya, 1970:209.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:748.—Güven and Östig, 1971:125.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:109.

Padina collaris Montagne, 1846:33.

Zanardinia collaris Crouan and Crouan, 1867:168.—Bornet. 1892:231.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Ile Plane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Egypt).

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 8:545(US).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in December on rocks. Dredged from 65 m.

Order DICTYOTALES

Family DICTYOTACEAE

Dictyopteris membranacea (Stackhouse) Batters

Fucus membranaceus Stackhouse, 1801, pl. 13.

Dictyopteris membranacea (Stackhouse) Batters, 1902:54.—Feldmann, 1937:268; 1961:505.—Hamel, 1938:341.—Nasr, 1940b:15.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Dao, 1957:169.—Edelstein, 1964:188.—Papenfuss, 1968:32.—Ardre, 1970:267.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:219.—Ben Alaya, 1970:208.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:750.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:212.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:110.

Dictyopteris polypodioides Lamouroux, 1809c:19.—Boergesen, 1926:95.—Feldmann, 1931b:217.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:225.—Riedl, 1963:51.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:84.—Güven and Östig, 1971:124.

Haliseris polypodioides C. Agardh, 1820:142.—Piccone, 1879:26; 1884:120.—Muschler, 1910:468.—Schiffner, 1926:306.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Tabarka, Raf Raf, Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, La Marsa, Gammarth, Sidi Bou Said, Monastir, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Egypt); Red Sea.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 182; 2: 176, 177; 7: 180; 11: 193, 195–197; 12: 181, 189–191, 194, 1609; 13: 178, 179, 198, 199; 18: 193–196, 192(US); 24: 187(NHA), 188(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found throughout the year on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) Lamouroux

Ulva dichotoma Hudson, 1762:476.

Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) Lamouroux, 1809a:331.—Muschler, 1910:301.—Fremy, 1925:28.—Boergesen, 1926:84.—Funk, 1927:361.—Feldmann, 1931b:216; 1937:268; 1961:505.—Hamel, 1939:347.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:226.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:270.—Dao, 1957:169.—Gayral, 1958:218.—Riedl, 1963:51.—Edelstein, 1962:213; 1964:188.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:85.—Papenfuss, 1968:32.—Ardre, 1970:268.—Ben Alaya, 1970:208.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:219.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:750.—Güven and Östig, 1971:124.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:211.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:111.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Cap Zebib, Gammarth, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Nabeul, Monastir, Sousse, Djerba Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 118, 119, 217–219, 1259, 1261, 1267; 3: 273; 5: 233, 234; 11: 227; 12: 228, 230, 232, 235–244; 13: 229; 15: 223–226, 231; 17: 203, 204, 206, 216; 18: 200–202, 207–214; 24: 205, 274, 275; 29: 215(US), 220(NHA), 221–222(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found throughout the year on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Dictyota linearis (C. Agardh) Greville

Zonaria linearis C. Agardh, 1820:134.

Dictyota linearis (C. Agardh) Greville, 1830:xliii.—Piccone, 1879:25; 1884:118.—Muschler, 1910:301.—Petersen, 1918:8.—Boergesen, 1926:85.—Schiffner, 1926:306.—Funk, 1927:363.—Feldmann, 1931b:217; 1961:505.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:226.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Dao, 1957:169.—Edelstein, 1964:189.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:219.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:751.—Güven and Östig, 1971:124.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:212.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:113.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Bechateur, Bizerte, Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, Korbous, Hammamet, Monastir, Sousse, Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 249–251; 2: 1191, 1192; 3: 262, 269; 7: 265; 14: 263, 264, 266–268; 16: 261; 18: 253–259; 21: 260, 270–272(US); 24: 246–247(NHA), 248(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from April to July and in September, October, and December on rocks or entangled amongst other algae in the sublittoral zone.

Dilophus fasciola (Roth) Howe

Fucus fasciola Roth, 1800:146.

Dictyota fasciola (Roth) Lamouroux, 1809d:14.—Muschler, 1910:301.—Güven and Östig, 1971:124.

Dilophus fasciola (Roth) Howe, 1914:72.—Boergesen, 1926:82.—Funk, 1955:50.—Feldmann, 1931b:217; 1937:269; 1961:505.—Hamel, 1939:351.—Dao, 1957:139.—Gayral, 1958:224.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:85.—Papenfuss, 1968:33.—Ardre, 1970:269.—Ben Alaya, 1970:210.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:751.—Lipkin and Safriel, 1971:9.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table III.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:114.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur, Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, Nabeul); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily. Greece, Israel, Algeria, Libya); Red Sea.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 278–280; 7: 276, 277; 15: 281(US); 25: 292–293(NHA), 294–295 (INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in June, July, September, and December on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Dilophus spiralis (Montagne) Hamel

Dictyota spiralis Montagne, 1846:29.

Dilophus spiralis (Montagne) Hamel, 1939:352.—Ardre, 1970:269.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:752.—Lipkin and Safriel, 1979:9.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:212.

Dictyota ligulata Kuetzing, 1847:53.—Feldmann, 1931b:216.

Dilophus ligulatus Feldmann, 1937:269.—Nasr, 1940a:4.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur, Raf Raf, Nabeul, Monastir, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean (Greece, Israel, Algeria, Egypt).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 285–288; 6: 289; 15: 290; 18: 282–283(US), 284(NHA); 25: 291(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found from March to May and in July, September, October, and December on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy

Fucus pavonicus Linnaeus, 1753:1162.

Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy in Taylor, 1960:234.—Papenfuss, 1968:34.

Padina pavonia (Linnaeus) Gaillon, 1828:371.—Piccone, 1879:26; 1884:119.—Bornet, 1892:230.—Fremy, 1925:28, Boergesen, 1926:86.—Schiffner, 1926:306.—Pottier, 1929:322.—Feldmann, 1931b:217; 1937:268; 1961:505.—Hamel, 1939:341.—Nasr, 1940b:14.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:272.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Dao, 1957:169.—Gayral, 1958:230.—Riedl, 1963:51.—Edelstein, 1964:188.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:82.—Ardre, 1970:267.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:219.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:752.—Güven and Östig, 1971:124.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:212.

Padina pavonia (Linnaeus) Lamouroux, 1816:304.—Muschler, 1910:302.—Funk, 1927:365.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:224.—Ben Alaya, 1970:208.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Cap Zebib, Bechateur, Tabarka, Raf Raf, Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, La Marsa, Korbous, Nabeul, Hammamet, Gammarth, Monastir, Djerba Island, Kerkenna Island, Zarzis, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 462–464; 2: 446, 461, 478; 3: 417–421; 5: 468; 6: 392, 393; 7: 391; 11: 406–408, 465, 466; 12:467, 470,471, 473–478; 13: 388; 14: 401–405; 15: 395–400, 414–416; 16: 394; 18: 435, 436, 438, 448, 449, 453–457; 25: 389, 390, 469; 26: 429–431, 440–442, 447, 458, 459; 27: 460; 28: 427, 428, 437, 439(US); 29: 450–452 (NHA), 472(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from February to October on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

*Spatoglossum schroederi (C. Agardh) Kuetzing

Zonaria schroederi C. Agardh, 1824:265.

Spatoglossum schroederi (C. Agardh) Kuetzing, 1859:21.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Djerba Island); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 24: 504(US), 505(NHA), 506(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in May on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Taonia atomaria (Woodward) J. Agardh

Ulva alomaria Woodward, 1797:53.

Taonia alomaria (Woodward) J. Agardh, 1848:101.—Bornet, 1892:229.—Muschler, 1910:302.—Boergesen, 1926:89.—Funk, 1927:364.—Feldmann, 1931b:217; 1937:268; 1961:505.—Hamel, 1939:337.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Gayral, 1958:232.—Riedl, 1963:51.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:82.—Ardre, 1970:266.—Gerlofr and Geissler, 1971:753.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:213.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:118.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur, Raf Raf, La Marsa, Gammarth); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Algeria, Libya, Egypt).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 536; 6: 537, 538; 11: 527, 529–532; 12: 528, 539–544(US); 15: 533–534 (NHA), 535(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found from March to May and in July and September on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Zonaria tournefortii (Lamouroux) Montagne

Fucus tournefortii Lamouroux, 1805:44.

Zonaria tournefortii (Lamouroux) Montagne, 1846:32.—Bornet, 1892:230.—Boergesen, 1926:92.—Feldmann, 1931b:217; 1961:505.—Hamel, 1939:338.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:224.—Gayral, 1958:225.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:219.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:753.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:118.

Zonaria flava (Clemente) C. Agardh, 1820:140.—Piccone, 1879:26; 1884:119.—Muschler, 1910:302.—Funk, 1927:366.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (He Plane, Mouth of Madjerda); northeastern Atlantic (Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Algeria, Libya); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 8: 550; 9: 551(US); 11: 546–547(NHA), 548–549(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in December. Dredged from 71 to 75 m.

Order CHORDARIALES

Family STILOPHORACEAE

Stilophora rhizodes (Turner) J. Agardh

Fucus rhizodes Turner, 1819:92.

Stilophora rhizodes (Turner) J. Agardh, 1841:6.—Piccone, 1879:25; 1884:118.—Papenfuss, 1968:38.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:746.

Stilophora rhizodes (Ehrenberg) J. Agardh, 1841:6.—Fremy. 1925:28.—Schiffner, 1926:310.—Feldmann, 1937:267; 1961:505.—Nasr, 1940b:10.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:215.—Riedl, 1963:53.—Güven and Östig, 1971:125.—Giacconeet al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresqueand Perret, 1977:120.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Djerba Island); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 24: 521–524(US), 526(NHA); 29: 525(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in March epiphytic on other algae.

Family SPERMATOCHNACEAE

Spermatochnus paradoxus (Roth) Kuetzing

Conferva paradoxa Roth, 1800:172.

Spermatochnus paradoxus (Roth) Kuetzing, 1845:268.—Funk, 1955:37.—Feldmann, 1937:267; 1961:505.—Riedl, 1963:53.—Edelstein, 1964:185.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:746.—Güven and Östig, 1971:125.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Kerkenna Island); Mediterranean (France, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 20: 507–512(US), 513(NHA), 514(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in April on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Family CHORDARIACEAE

Myrionema strangulans Greville

Myrionema strangulans Greville, 1827, pl. 300.—Hamel, 1935;88.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:213.—Feldmann, 1961:504.—Ardre, 1970:249.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:744.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:120.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Algeria, Libya).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 946–947(US), 948(NHA), 1295(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in May endophytic in Enteromorpha compressa.

Order SCYTOSIPHONALES

Family PUNCTARIACEAE

*Punctaria latifolia Greville

Punctaria latifolia Greville, 1830:52.—Funk, 1927:348.—Feldmann, 1937:267.—Riedl, 1963:54.—Güven and Östig, 1971:124.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:212.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:100.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Turkey).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 480(US), 489(NHA),491(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found from January to July epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa.

Family SCYTOSIPHONACEAE

Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbes and Solier

Ulva sinuosa Mertens ex Roth, 1806:327.

Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbes and Solier, 1856: 11.—Bornet, 1892:249.—Boergesen, 1926:70.—Funk, 1927:352.—Feldmann, 1931b:213; 1937:267; 1961:505.—Nasr, 1940b:12.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:216.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Gayral, 1958:213.—Edelstein, 1964:186.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:74.—Papenfuss, 1968:38.—Ardre, 1970:273.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:219.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:747.—Güven and Östig, 1971:125.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:211.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:95.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Cap Zebib, Tabarka, Bizerte, La Marsa, Bechateur, Sidi Bou Said, Nabeul, Monastir); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 37, 1229; 2: 33–36, 1264, 1290; 3: 41–43, 45; 4: 40; 5: 47; 12: 44, 46, 48; 15: 49; 18: 38–39(US), 2027(NHA), 2028(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found from February to May and in July on rocks and occasionally epiphytic on various algae.

Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Endlicher

Chorda lomentaria Lyngbye, 1819:74.

Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Endlicher, 1843:25.—Bornet, 1892:249.—DeToni and Forti, 1914:291.—Boergesen, 1926:67.—Feldmann, 1931b:213; 1937:267.—Hamel, 1937:194.—Nasr, 1940b:12.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:215.—Riedl, 1963:55.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:72.—Papenfuss, 1968:39.—Ardre, 1970:270.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:747.—Güven and Östig, 1971:125.—Lipkin and Safriel, 1971:8.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:212.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:101.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Nabeul). northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2:495–498; 5: 499, 500; 15: 501(US), 502(NHA), 503(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found from February to April and in July on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Order FUCALES

Family CYSTOSEIRACEAE

Cystoseira barbata (Goodenough and Woodward) J. Agardh

Fucus barbatus Goodenough and Woodward, 1797:128.

Cystoseira barbata (Goodenough and Woodward) J. Agardh, 1842:50.—Schiffner, 1926:304.—Funk, 1927:371.—Feldmann, 1937:269.—Hamel, 1939:392.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:228.—Riedl, 1963:55.—Ardre, 1970:317.—Ben Alaya, 1970:200.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:754.—Güven and Östig, 1971:124.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:211.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur, Gammarth, Sidi Bou Said, Korbous); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Libya).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 61; 11: 63, 64; 13: 52; 14: 56–60; 24: 2139–2141(US); 29: 54(NHA), 55(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in March, May, June, July, and October on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Cystoseira compressa (Esper) Gerloff and Nizamuddin

Fucus compressas Esper, 1799:152.

Cystoseira compressa (Esper) Gerloff and Nizamuddin, 1975:342.

Cystoseira fimbriata (Desfontaines) Bory, 1832:318.—Hamel, 1939:418.—Dao, 1957:169.—Gayral, 1958:260.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:90.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:755.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:211.

Cystoseira abrotanifolia J. Agardh, 1842:52.—Piccone, 1879:27; 1884:122.—Bornet, 1892:257.—Muschler, 1910:300.—Boergesen, 1926:104.—Funk, 1927:369.—Feldmann. 1931b:221; 1937:269.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:230.—Riedl, 1963:57.—Güven and Östig, 1971:124.—Lipkin and Safriel, 1971:15.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Zebib, Tabarka, Bechateur, Bizerte, Gammarth, La Marsa, Nabeul, Monastir, Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—ECM 1: 92; 3: 102–104; 4: 98; 5: 93–94; 11: 89, 91, 95, 105, 106; 12: 96, 97; 13: 77; 15: 90; 20: 2062, 2065(US), 24: 99–100(NHA), 101(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found from February to May and in July and November on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Cystoseira discors C. Agardh

Cystoseira discors C. Agardh, 1828:62.—Muschler, 1910:300.—Boergesen, 1926:103.—Feldmann, 1931b:221; 1937:269; 1961:506.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:230.—Riedl, 1963:57.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:91.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:755.—Güven and Östig, 1971:124.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:211.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Raf Raf, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Spain, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Libya).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 6: 71, 73–75; 12: 72; 21: 65, 68–69(US), 70(NHA); 24: 76 (INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in March, July, September, and October on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Cystoseira mediterranea Sauvageau

Cystoseira mediterranea Sauvageau, 1912:209.—Funk, 1927:370.—Feldmann, 1937:269.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:228.—Gayral, 1958:264.—Ben Alaya, 1970:208.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:756.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1973:9.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Zebib, Bechateur, La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Morocco); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Sicily).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 108; 5: 107(US); 12: 109(NHA), 100(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in February July, and August on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

*Cystoseira myriophylloides Sauvageau

Cystoseira myriophylloides Sauvageau, 1912:323.—Gayral, 1958:258.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:91.—Giaccone et al., 1973:112.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:211.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Raouad, La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (Sicily, Greece).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 10: 111(US); 12: 112(NHA), 1731(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found from February to March on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

*Cystoseira sauvageauiana Hamel

Cystoseira sauvageauiana Hamel, 1939:399.

Cystoseira crinita (Desfontaines) Bory, 1832:320.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:757.—Giaccone et al., 1973:112.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bizerte, Raf Raf, Djerba Island); Mediterranean (Sicily, Greece).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 4: 119, 120; 6: 121a–121b, 122, 123; 26: 113–116(US), 117 (NHA), 118(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in May, September, and October on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Cystoseira schiffneri Hamel

Cystoseira schiffneri Hamel, 1939:421.—Feldmann, 1951:107.

Cystoseira acanthophora Schiffner, 1926:305.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island, El Bibane).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 19: 124; 20: 128–132; 21: 153–156; 23: 127, 135, 138, 144; 125, 137, 146–150; 26: 141, 142, 151–152; 29: 126, 133–134(US), 143(NHA), 145(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from March to July and in October on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Cystoseira sedoides (Desfontaines) C. Agardh

Fucus sedoides Desfontaine, 1799:423.

Cystoseira sedoides (Desfontaines) C. Agardh, 1820:53.—Feldmann, 1931a:7; 1931b:219.—Hamel, 1939:394.—Giaccone et al., 1973:115.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Cap Zebib, Bechateur, Bizerte, Monastir); Mediterranean (Sicily, Algeria).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 158; 2: 165, 166, 168–170, 1257; 3: 167, 171–175; 5: 160–163(US); 18: 157(NHA), 164(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in February, April, May, and June on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Family SARGASSACEAE

Sargassum linifolium (Turner) C. Agardh

Fucus linifolius Turner, 1811:84.

Sargassum linifolium (Turner) C. Agardh, 1820:18.—Bornet, 1892:258.—Fremy, 1925:28.—Funk, 1927:367.—Feldmann, 1931b:218; 1937:269.—Nasr, 1940b:15.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:232.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Riedl, 1963:59.—Güven and Östig, 1971:124.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Morocco); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Turkey, Algeria, Egypt); Red Sea.

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 24: 493(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in May as drift material.

Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh

Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh, 1820:3.—Bornet, 1892:258.—Boergesen, 1926:106.—Feldmann, 1937:269; 1961:506.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:232.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Gayral, 1958:272.—Riedl, 1963:58.—Edelstein, 1964:190.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:92.—Ben Alaya, 1970:209.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:758.—Güven and Östig, 1971:124.—Giaccone et al., 1973:111.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:128.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica. Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Egypt); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 24: 494(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in May as drift material.

Division CHLOROPHYTA

Class CHLOROPHYCEAE

Order ULVALES

Family MONOSTROMATACEAE

*Blidingia marginata (J. Agardh) Dangeard

Enteromorpha marginata J. Agardh, 1842:16.

Blidingia marginata (J. Agardh) Dangeard, 1958:347.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:57.—Ardre, 1970:343.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:728.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain); Mediterranean (Greece).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 597–600(US), 601–602(NHA), 603(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in April on rocks in the high littoral zone.

Family ULVACEAE

*Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Greville

Conferva clathrata Roth, 1806:175.

Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Greville, 1830:181.—Boergesen, 1925:10.—Ardre, 1970:345.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:728.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:210.

Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) J. Agardh, 1883:153.—Funk, 1927:312.—Hamel, 1931a:67.—Feldmann, 1937:263.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Rayss, 1955:10.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:54.—Güven and Östig, 1971:121.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:130.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 917; 13: 931, 932; 15: 916, 1905; 18: 915, 930; 19: 921–927; 24: 928–929(US); 29: 919(NHA), 2291(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found from February to May and in September and December on rocks and epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa.

Enteromorpha compressa (Linnaeus) Greville

Ulva compressa Linnaeus, 1755:433.

Enteromorpha compressa (Linnaeus) Greville, 1830:180.—Bornet, 1892:199.—Patouillard, 1897:18.—Muschler, 1910:295.—Boergesen, 1925:12.—Fremy, 1925:28.—Funk, 1127:312.—Feldmann, 1931b:202; 1937:263.—Nasr, 1940b:4.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:201.—Rayss, 1955:8.—Gayral, 1958:154.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:54.—Ben Alaya, 1970:207.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:728.—Güven and Östig, 1971:121.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:210.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:130.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Raouad); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1; 1225–1227; 2: 1134; 10: 933–935, 1515–1517, 1525; 12: 1734, 1735, 1742, 15: 938, 942, 1906; 16: 1935, 1936; 17: 1965–1967; 18: 2013–2015, 2019–2021(US); 29: 2289(NHA), 2290(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found in March, August, and September on rocks and epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa.

Enteromorpha flexuosa (Roth) J. Agardh

Conferva flexuosa Roth, 1800:188.

Enteromorpha flexuosa (Roth) J. Agardh, 1883:126.—Bornet, 1892:197.—Feldmann, 1931b:202; 1937:263.—Rayss, 1955:9.—Ardre, 1970:345.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:728.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Raouad, Sidi Bou Said, Hammamet, Nabeul, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Morocco); Mediterranean (France, Greece, Israel, Algeria); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 13: 943; 16: 936, 937, 939, 944(US), 1942(NHA); 24: 945(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in March, July, and September epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa.

Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linnaeus) Link

Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus, 1753:1163.

Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linnaeus) Link, 1820:5.—Bornet, 1892:198.—Patouillard, 1897:17.—Muschler, 1910:294.—Petersen, 1918:5.—Boergesen, 1925:13.—Fremy, 1925:28.—Feldmann, 1937:263.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:201.—Rayss, 1955:9.—Gayral, 1958:156.—Riedl, 1963:38.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:56.—Ardre, 1970:347.—Ben Alaya, 1970:207.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:728.—Güven and Östig, 1971:121.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1973:6.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:210.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:131.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Libya); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 1222–1224; 2: 1136; 3: 1337–1339; 4: 1351; 5: 1335; 6: 1382; 7: 1389; 10: 1523–1524; 12: 1743; 13: 1820; 16: 1930–1933(US), 1934(NHA); 24: 194(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found in March and May and from July to September on rocks and occasionally epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa.

Enteromorpha linza (Linnaeus) J. Agardh

Ulva linza Linnaeus, 1753:1133.

Enteromorpha linza (Linnaeus) J. Agardh, 1883:134.—Muschler, 1910:294.—Schiffner, 1926:310.—Funk, 1927:312.—Feldmann, 1937:263; 1961:504.—Nasr, 1940b:3.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:201.—Rayss, 1955:10.—Gayral, 1958:159.—Feldmann, 1931b:202; 1961:504.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:57.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:217.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:729.—Güven and Östig, 1971:121.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:210.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:131.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Gammarth, La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 1228; 2: 1252–1254; 11; 950–954; 12: 1736–1741; 13: 1818, 1819; 15: 1897–1904; 18: 2022–2024(US), 2025(NHA), 2026(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in May, June, and September on rocks and occasionally epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa.

*Enteromorpha prolifera (Mueller) J. Agardh

Ulva prolifera Mueller, 1778, pl. 763.

Enteromorpha prolifera (Mueller) J. Agardh, 1883:129.—Schiffner, 1926:310.—Rayss, 1955:9.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:58.—Ardre, 1970:344.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:729.—Güven and Östig, 1971:121.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain); Mediterranean (Greece, Turkey, Israel); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 1: 920(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in April on rocks.

*Enteromorpha ramulosa (J. E. Smith) Carmichael in Hooker

Ulva ramulosa J. E. Smith, 1810, pl. 2137.

Enteromorpha ramulosa (J. E. Smich) Carmichael in Hooker, 1833:315.—Bornet, 1892:200.—Boergesen, 1925:11.—Feldmann, 1937:263.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:58.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:729.—Güven and Östig, 1971:121.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:131.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Monastir); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Greece, Turkey); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 18: 955(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in April on rocks.

Ulva lactuca Linnaeus

Ulva lactuca Linnaeus, 1753:1163.—Boergesen, 1925:14.—Fremy, 1925:28.—Funk, 1927:311.—Feldmann, 1937:263; 1961:504.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:199.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:276.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Rayss, 1955:11.—Gayral, 1958:145.—Riedl, 1963:38.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:53.—Ardre, 1970:333.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:730.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:210.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Zebib, Tabarka, Bechateur, Raf Raf, Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Nabeul, Hammamet, Monastir, Sousse); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Libya, Egypt); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 1124, 1125; 3: 1135; 6: 1141; 7: 1143; 12: 1147; 13: 1131; 15: 1137; 16: 1136; 17: 1123(US), 1130(NHA); 18: 1126(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found year round on rocks and epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa.

*Ulva rigida C. Agardh

Ulva rigida C. Agardh, 1822:410.—Bornet, 1892:193.—Feldmann, 1937:263.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Rayss, 1955:11.—Funk, 1955:9.—Gayral, 1958:148.—Ardre, 1970:335.—Furnariand Scammacca, 1970:217.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:730.—Giaccone et al., 1973:110.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:210.—Boudourseque and Perret, 1977:132.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Gammarth, La Marsa, Hammamet); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Israel, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 5: 1134; 11: 1162–1166; 12: 1145, 1158–1160; 16: 1161(US), 1167(NHA), 1168(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found from March to May and in September epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa.

Order CLADOPHORALES

Family CLADOPHORACEAE

Chaetomorpha aerea (Dillwyn) Kuetzing

Conferva aerea Dillwyn, 1807:80.

Chaetomorpha aerea (Dillwyn) Kuetzing, 1849:379.—Boergesen, 1925:43.—Pottier. 1929:344.—Hamel, 1931c:28.—Feldmann, 1931b:203; 1937:264; 1961:504.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:206.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:277.—Funk, 1955:9.—Rayss, 1955:15.—Riedl, 1963:39.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:59.—Ardre, 1970:206.—Ben Alaya, 1970:207.—Güven and Östig, 1971:122.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:135.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, La Marsa, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Turkey, Israel, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 715; 4: 714(US); 29: 716(NHA), 2259(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April and May on rocks.

*Cladophora albida (Hudson) Kuetzing

Conferva albida Hudson, 1762:505.

Cladophora albida (Hudson) Kuetzing, 1843:267.—Feldmann, 1937:264.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:204.—Funk, 1955:13.—Ardre, 1970:356.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:731.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:209.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:137.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Gammarth); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Libya); Red Sea.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 11: 717–719(US), 720(NHA), 721(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in May epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa.

*Cladophora crystallina (Roth) Kuetzing

Conferva crystallina Roth, 1797:196.

Cladophora crystallina (Roth) Kuetzing, 1843:213.—Boergesen, 1925:67.—Feldmann, 1937:264.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:204.—Rayss, 1955:19.—Güven and Östig, 1971:121.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:137.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Bechateur, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Djerba Island, El Bibane); northeasern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Turkey, Israel); Red Sea.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 725, 728, 729, 732–733; 12: 723, 724, 727, 731, 735, 736; 24: 730, 734, 739; 29: 726(US), 737–738(NHA), 810(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from March to June and in August and October entangled with other algae or epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa.

Cladophora dalmatica Kuetzing

Cladophora dalmatica Kuetzing, 1843:268.—Hamel, 1931c:49.—Feldmann, 1937:264.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:731.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:209.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:138.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Greece, Algeria); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 740(US), 741(NHA), 742(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in April epiphytic on various algae.

*Cladophora lutescens Kuetzing

Cladophora lutescens Kuetzing, 1854:21.—Bornet, 1892:208.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sidi Bou Said); Mediterranean (France).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 13: 743(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in June epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa.

Cladophora prolifera (Roth) Kuetzing

Conferva prolifera Roth, 1797:182.

Cladophora prolifera (Roth) Kuetzing, 1845:207.—Bornet, 1892:207.—Boergesen, 1925:61.—Fremy, 1925:28.—Funk, 1927:316.—Feldmann, 1931b:203; 1937:264; 1961:504.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:202.—Rayss, 1955:17.—Dao, 1957:166.—Gayral, 1958:168.—Riedl, 1963:39.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:59.—Ardre, 1970:357.—Ben Alaya, 1970:206.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:733.—Güven and Östig, 1971:121.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1973:6.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:209.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:141.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Tabarka, Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, Raouad, Gammarth, La Marsa, Nabeul, Hammamet, Monastir); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 745, 764; 2: 744, 746, 747; 7: 759; 10: 762, 763; 11: 772, 779, 780; 12: 748–752, 757, 758, 765, 770, 771; 13: 766–769, 773–778; 15: 756(US), 761(NHA); 18: 753(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from March to May, from July to October, and in December epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa.

*Cladophora ramosissima (Draparnaud ex Kuetzing) Kuetzing

Conferva ramosissima Draparnaud ex Kuetzing, 1845:209.

Cladophora ramosissima (Draparnaud ex Kuetzing) Kuetzing, 1849:396.—Feldmann, 1931b:203; 1937:264.—Nasr, 1940b:5.—Rayss, 1955:18.—Gayral, 1958:166.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Raouad, Gammarth, Sidi Bou Said); northeastern Atlantic (Morocco); Mediterranean (France, Algeria, Egypt); Red Sea.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 10: 781; 11: 783(US); 13: 782(NHA), 784(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in March, May, and October epiphytic on various algae.

Cladophora rupestris (Linnaeus) Kuetzing

Conferva rupestris Linnaeus, 1753:721.

Cladophora rupestris (Linnaeus) Kuetzing, 1843:270.—Ardre, 1970:355.—Ben Alaya, 1970:206.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:734.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:209.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:142.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, Gammarth, La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean (Corsica, Sicily, Greece, Algeria).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 722, 11: 787(US); 12: 760(NHA), 785(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in February, May, and September epiphytic on various algae.

Cladophora utriculosa Kuetzing

Cladophora utriculosa Kuetzing, 1843:269.—Bornet, 1892:208.—Boergesen, 1925:65.—Schiffner, 1926:311.—Funk, 1927:316.—Feldmann, 1931b:204; 1937:264.—Nasr, 1940b:4.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:203.—Rayss, 1955:18.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:60.—Ben Alaya, 1970:206.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:732.—Güven and Östig, 1971:121.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Tabarka, Sidi Bou Said, Gammarth, La Marsa, Nabeul, Hammamet, Monastir, Sousse, Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Egypt); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 793–795; 2: 805; 11: 823, 830–833; 12:807–809, 814–822, 839, 840; 13: 826–829; 15: 834–838; 16: 811–813, 824, 825; 17: 796; 18: 797–799; 19: 800, 801; 24: 806(US); 29: 802–803(NHA), 804(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from January to August and from October to December epiphytic on various algae.

Family ANADYOMENACEAE

Anadyomene stellata (Wulfen) C. Agardh

Ulva stellata Wulfen in Jacquin, 1786:351.

Anadyomene stellata (Wulfen) C. Agardh, 1822:400.—Muschler, 1910:295.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:17; 1914:293.—Boergesen, 1925:25.—Funk, 1927:320.—Hamel, 1931c:18—Nasr, 1940a:2.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:202.—Nasrand Aleem, 1949:256.—Rayss, 1955:13.—Dao, 1957:167.—Edelstein, 1962:213; 1964:180.—Riedl, 1963:39.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:737.—Güven and Östig, 1971:122.—Giaccone et al., 1973; table IV.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:209.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:135.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Korbous, Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island, Zarzis, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Libya, Egypt); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 14: 587, 588; 19: 568–574; 20: 590–594; 21: 581–584, 586; 24: 589; 25: 585, 595; 26: 575; 28: 596, 29: 576–577(US), 578–579(NHA), 580(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in March, April, July, and October on rocks.

Order SIPHONOCLADALES

Family VALONIACEAE

*Valonia macrophysa Kuetzing

Valonia macrophysa Kuetzing, 1843:307.—Boergesen, 1925:22.—Funk, 1927:320.—Feldmann, 1937:264.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Dao, 1957:166.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:217.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:738.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:210.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:144.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Raouad, Korbous, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 10: 1175, 1176; 14: 1174; 29: 1169–1171(US), 1172(NHA), 1173(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in March, April, and October in rock crevices in the sublittoral zone.

Valonia utricularis C. Agardh

Valonia utricularis C. Agardh, 1822:431.—Piccone, 1884:112; 1879:22.—Boergesen, 1925:22.—Funk, 1927:321.—Feldmann, 1931b:203; 1937:264; 1961:504.—Hamel, 1931c:14.—Nasr, 1940b:6.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:201.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:278.—Rayss, 1955:12.—Dao, 1957:167.—Gayral, 1958:170.—Riedl, 1963:39.—Edelstein, 1964:180.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:58.—Ardre, 1970:349.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:738.—Güven and Östig, 1971:122.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:143.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (He Plane, La Marsa, Nabeul, Sidi Bou Said, Kerkenna Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 18: 1186; 12: 1183, 1185; 13: 1187; 15: 1184; 19: 1181–1182(US); 20: 1177–1178(NHA), 1179–1180(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in April, July, September, and December on rocks.

Family SIPHONOCLADACEAE

Cladophoropsis modonensis (Kuetzing) Boergesen

Cladophora modonensis Kuetzing, 1849:486.

Cladophoropsis modonensis (Kuetzing) Boergesen, 1905:288.—Hamel, 1931c:15.—Rayss, 1955:14.—Dao, 1957:167.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:737.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table III.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:142,

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island, Zarzis, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Corsica, Sicily, Greece, Israel).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 20: 841–843, 853, 854; 24: 846, 849, 851; 28: 844, 845; 29: 847–848 (US), 850(NHA), 852(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found from April to July and in October on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Order BRYOPSIDALES

Family BRYOPSIDAGEAE

*Derbesia lamourouxii (J. Agardh) Solier

Bryopsis balbisiana var. lamourouxii J. Agardh, 1842:18.

Derbesia lamourouxii (J. Agardh) Solier, 1847:162.—Bornet, 1892:212.—Funk, 1927:333.—Feldmann, 1937:265—Rayss, 1955:41.—Gayral, 1958:172.—Riedl, 1963:41.—Ardre, 1970:359.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:742.—Güven and Östig, 1971:122.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1973:6.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Gammarth); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (France, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel); Red Sea.

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 11: 913(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in April on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Bryopsis balbisiana Lamouroux

Bryopsis balbisiana Lamouroux, 1813:66.—Piccone, 1879:22; 1884:112.—Bornet, 1892:213.—Boergesen, 1925:98.—Feldmann, 1937:265; 1961:504.—Rayss, 1955:26.—Gayral, 1958:177.—Riedl, 1963:41.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:62.—Güven and Östig, 1971:122.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1973:6.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:146.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Hammamet, Sousse); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Adriatic Sea, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Sicily).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 607, 608; 13: 610; 16: 604, 606(US); 17: 605(NHA), 609(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in April, July, and September on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

*Bryopsis hypnoides Lamouroux

Bryopsis hypnoides Lamouroux, 1809c:135.—Feldmann, 1937:265.—Ardre, 1970:363.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:740.—Güven and Östig, 1971:122.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:209.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Kerkenna Island); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco); Mediterranean (France, Sicily, Greece, Turkey); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 20: 612(US), 2102(NHA).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in April on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Bryopsis muscosa Lamouroux

Bryopsis muscosa Lamouroux, 1809c:23.—Funk, 1927:328.—Feldmann, 1937:265.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:207.—Rayss, 1955:26.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:218.—Ben Alaya, 1970:206.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:740.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table III.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:209.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sousse); northeastern Atlantic (Morocco); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Israel).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 17: 613–614(US), 615(NHA), 616(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in April on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C. Agardh

Ulva plumosa Hudson, 1778:571.

Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C. Agardh, 1822:488.—Bornet, 1892:213.—Boergesen, 1925:97.—Hamel, 1931b:287.—Feldmann, 1937:265.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:207.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Rayss, 1955:26.—Gayral, 1958:180.—Riedl, 1963:41.—Ardre, 1970:362.—Ben Alaya, 1970:206.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:218.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:740.—Güven and Östig, 1971:122.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:209.—Boudouresque and Perret. 1977:147.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sidi Bou Said); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1608; 13: 617–621 (US); 28: 2235(NHA), 2236(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in February and September on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

*Pseudobryopsis myura (J. Agardh) Berthold in Oltmanns

Bryopsis myura J. Agardh, 1842:20.

Pseudobryopsis myura (J. Agardh) Berthold in Oltmanns, 1904:303.—Boergesen, 1925:103.—Funk, 1927:332.—Hamel, 1931b:396.—Feldmann, 1937:265.—Rayss, 1955:27.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Djerba Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France, Italy, Israel).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 24: 1051,1052; 29: 1053(US), 1054(NHA), 1055 (INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April and May on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Family CAULERPACEAE

Caulerpa prolifera (Forsskal) Lamouroux

Fucus prolifer Forsskal, 1775:193.

Caulerpa prolifera (Forsskal) Lamouroux, 1809b:142.—Muschler, 1910:296.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:18; 1914:293.—Boergesen, 1925:112.—Fremy, 1925:28.—Schiffner, 1926:311.—Funk, 1927:335.—Pottier, 1929:325.—Hamel, 1931b:420.—Nasr, 1940b:9.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:208.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:271.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Feldmann, 1951:106.—Rayss, 1955:22.—Dao, 1957:168.—Edelstein, 1964:182.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:66.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:218.—Ardre, 1970:374.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:739.—Güven and Östig, 1971:122.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:209.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:150.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Mouth of Madjerda, Gammarth, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Korbous, Nabeul, Hammamet, Gabes, Kerkenna Island, Zarzis, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, Italy, France, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 9: 622, 651; 11: 697–700, 713; 12: 643–647, 712; 13: 623, 642; 14: 675–679; 15: 657–659; 16: 661, 662; 19: 689; 20: 663–667, 686–688, 693, 694, 696, 701; 21: 652–656; 22: 668–674; 23: 706; 24: 648–650, 680–684, 702, 703, 708–710; 25: 660; 26: 690–692, 704–705; 28: 707, 711(US); 29: 695(NHA), 696(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from March to October on rocks, sometimes epiphytic on rhizomes of Posidonia oceanica.

Family CODIACEAE

Codium bursa (Linnaeus) C. Agardh

Alcyonium bursa Linnaeus, 1759:1295.

Codium bursa (Linnaeus) C. Agardh, 1822:457.—Piccone, 1879:23; 1884:114.—Bornet, 1892:215.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:19.—Petersen, 1918:6.—Fremy, 1925:18.—Funk, 1927:324.—Feldmann, 1931b:207; 1937:265.—Hamel, 1931b:413.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:210.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Riedl, 1963:43.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:64.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:218.—Ben Alaya, 1970:207.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:741.—Güven and Östig, 1971:122.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:148.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bizerte, Gabes); northeastern Atlantic (Morocco, Spain); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Libya, Egypt).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 4: 855–858(US), 859(NHA); 22: 860(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found from May to June as drift material.

*Codium decorticatum (Woodward) Howe

Ulva decorticata Woodward, 1797:55,

Codium decorticatum (Woodward) Howe, 1911:494.—Ardre, 1970:370.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Hammamet, Sousse); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean (Sicily).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 16: 967–971(US); 17: 861–864(NHA), 965–966(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in March and April on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Family UDOTEACEAE

Espera mediterranea Decaisne

Espera mediterranea Decaisne, 1842:99.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:739.

Penicillus mediterraneus (Decaisne) Thuret in Bornet, 1892:217.—Hamel, 1931b:403.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Korbous, El Bibane); Mediterranean (Greece).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 14: 1046–1050; 29 1042–1043(US), 1044(NHA), 1045(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April and October on rocks in sandy bottom of the sublittoral zone.

Halimeda tuna (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux

Corallina tuna Ellis and Solander, 1786:111.

Halimeda tuna (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux, 1812:186.—Muschler, 1910:296.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:19; 1914:293. Funk, 1927:327.—Pottier, 1929:325.—Feldmann, 1937:265.—Nasr, 1940b:8.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:209.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:277.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Rayss, 1955:29.—Dao, 1957:168.—Edelstein, 1962:213; 1964:184.—Riedl, 1963:43.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:741.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:210.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:150.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Cap Zebib, Tabarka, Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, Raouad, Gammarth, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Nabeul, Hammamet, Monastir, Gabes, Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island, El Bibane, Zarzis); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 983, 984, 1026; 2: 956–960, 975, 985–988, 1263; 5: 998; 7: 1028: 10: 1027; 11: 1013–1016; 12: 992–997, 1001; 13: 1029–1032; 15: 1007, 1024, 1025; 16: 1006, 1023; 18: 980–982; 20: 1008–1012; 21: 1033–1037; 22: 1017–1022; 24: 965–967, 972, 976–979; 25: 999, 1038–1041; 26: 971, 973; 27: 970, 974; 28: 964, 968, 969, 989, 1002–1005; 29: 961–963(US), 990–991 (NHA), 1000(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found in March and October on sandy substrate in the sublittoral zone.

Udotea petiolata (Turra) Boergesen

Ulva petiolata Turra, 1780:68.

Udotea petiolata (Turra) Boergesen, 1925:86.—DeToni and Forti, 1914:293.—Funk, 1955:25.—Hamel, 1931b:404.—Feldmann, 1937:265; 1961:504.—Nasr, 1940a:3.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:208.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Rayss, 1955:28.—Dao, 1957:168.—Edelstein, 1964:183.—Riedl, 1963:41.—Ben Alaya, 1970:207.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:217.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:739.—Güven and Östig, 1971:122.—Giaccone et al., 1973:110.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:210.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:153.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Cap Zebib, Tabarka, Bechateur, Raf Raf, Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, Ile Plane, Mouth of Madjerda, Raouad, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Korbous, Nabeul, Hammamet, Monastir, Gabes, Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Spain, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Libya, Egypt).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 1063–1066, 1082; 2: 1059, 1067–1074; 3: 1088; 5: 1076, 1078; 6: 1079, 112; 7: 1116; 8: 1099–1107; 9: 1108–1110; 10: 1113–1115; 11: 1091; 12: 1075, 1077, 1080, 1081; 13: 1083, 1084, 1120–1122; 14: 1094–1098; 15: 1089, 1111; 16: 1092, 1093; 18: 1056–1058; 21: 1085–1087, 1123; 22: 1090; 24: 1060, 1061(US); 25: 1117–1119(NHA); 27: 1062(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from February to May and in July, September, October, and December on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Order DASYCLADALES

Family DASYCLADACEAE

Acetabularia acetabulum (Linnaeus) Silva

Madrepora acetabulum Linnaeus, 1758:793.

Acetabulana acetabulum (Linnaeus) Silva, 1952:255.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:742.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:133.

Acetabularia mediterranea Lamouroux, 1816:249.—Boergesen. 1925:77.—Fremy, 1925:28.—Schiffner, 1926:311.—Funk, 1927:322.—Feldmann, 1931b:205; 1937:264.—Hamel, 1931c:38.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:206.—Rayss, 1955:21.—Dao, 1957:168.—Riedl, 1963:41.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:218.—Ben Alaya, 1970:208.—Güven and Östig, 1971:122.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:209.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Bechateur, Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria); Red Sea.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 563; 19: 552–554, 557, 558; 20: 555, 556, 559–560, 565; 21: 564; 23: 562; 24: 566(US); 29: 561(NHA), 567(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found in March, April, June, and July on rocks, occasionally epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa.

Dasycladus clavaeformis (Roth) C. Agardh

Conferva clavaeformis Roth, 1806:315.

Dasycladus clavaeformis (Roth) C. Agardh, 1828:16.—DeToni, 1895:455.—Boergesen, 1925:75.—Schiffner, 1926:311.—Funk, 1927:322.—Hamel, 1931c:36.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:206.—Rayss, 1955:20.—Riedl, 1963:39.—Edelstein, 1964:181.—Ben Alaya, 1970:207.—Güven and Östig, 1971:122.

Dasycladus vermicularis (Scopoli) Krasser in Beck and Zahlbruckner, 1898:459.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Dao, 1957:168.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:741.—Giaccone et al., 1973:112.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:210.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:134.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Tabarka, Raf Raf, Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, Gammarth, Sidi Bou Said, Nabeul, Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island, Zarzis, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Libya, Egypt).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 876, 878; 2: 872–874, 880, 887, 6: 906, 907; 7: 908; 11: 910, 911; 13: 891, 912; 14: 900–904; 15: 905, 909; 18: 879; 19: 875; 23: 889; 24: 881, 886, 890; 25: 895–899; 26: 888; 28: 885(US), 892–894(NHA); 29: 882–884(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from March to July and from September to October on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Division RHODOPHYTA

Class RHODOPHYCEAE

Order BANGIALES

Family ERYTHROPELTIDACEAE

Erythrotrichia carnea (Dillwyn) J. Agardh

Conferva carnea Dillwyn, 1807, pl. 84.

Erythrotrichia carnea (Dillwyn) J. Agardh, 1883:15.—Boergesen, 1927:5.—Feldmann, 1937:269.—Nasr, 1940b:17.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Papenfuss, 1968:68.—Ardre, 1970:46.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:759.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:12.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, La Marsa, Sousse); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France, Sicily, Greece, Italy, Egypt, Corsica); Red Sea.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1628–1629 (US).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa.

Family BANGIACEAE

Bangia fuscopurpurea (Dillwyn) Lyngbye

Conferva fuscopurpurea Dillwyn, 1807:54.

Bangia fuscopurpurea (Dillwyn) Lyngbye, 1819:83.—Funk, 1927:373.—Feldmann, 1937:269.—Gayral, 1958:280.—Riedl, 1963:64.—Ardre, 1970:49.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:214.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:11.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bizerte, Raouad, Hammamet); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean (France, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Algeria); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 4: 1349; 10: 1518–1522, 1526(US); 16: 1937–1939(NHA), 1940–1941 (INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in March and May as tufted mats on rocks in the upper littoral zone.

Porphyra leucosticta Thuret in Le Jolis

Porphyra leucosticta Thuret in Le Jolis, 1863:100.—Bornet, 1892:262.—Boergesen, 1927:5.—Funk, 1927:374.—Feldmann, 1937:269.—Nasr, 1940a:5.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:232.—Riedl, 1963:64.—Ardre, 1970:53.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:760.—Güven and Östig, 1971:125.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:12.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Hammamet); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Adriatic Sea, Turkey, Algeria, Egypt).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 16: 1915–1918 (US), 1919(NHA), 1920(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found from March to April on spray-covered rocks in the littoral fringe.

Order GONIOTRICHALES

Family GONIOTRICHACEAE

Goniotrichum alsidii (Zanardini) Howe

Bangia alsidii Zanardini, 1839:136.

Goniotrichum alsidii (Zanardini) Howe, 1914:75.—Feldmann, 1937:269; 1961:506.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Edelstein, 1964:190.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:759.

Goniotrichum elegans (Chauvin) Le Jolis, 1863:103.—Boergesen, 1927:10.—Ardre, 1970:44.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sousse); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Israel, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 17: 1541a(US).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April epiphytic on various algae.

Order ACROCHAETIALES

Family ACROCHAETIACEAE

Acrochaetium virgatulum (Harvey in Hooker) J. Agardh

Callithamnion virgatulum Harvey in Hooker, 1833:349.

Acrochaetium virgatulum (Harvey in Hooker) J. Agardh, 1892:48.—Hamel, 1927:45.—Feldmann, 1937:270.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Ardre, 1970:56.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:760.—Boudouresque and Perrett, 1977:15.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Corsica, France, Greece, Egypt).

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1752(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in April epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa.

* Acrochaetium codiculum Boergesen

Acrochaelium codiculum Boergesen, 1927:33.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sousse); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands).

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 17: 1541b(US).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa.

Acrochaetium savianum (Meneghini) Naegeli

Callithamnion savianum Meneghini, 1840:[3].

Acrochaetium savianum (Meneghini) Naegeli, 1861:171.—Feldmann, 1937:270.—Ardre, 1970:55.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean (France, Libya).

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 12: 2133(US).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found April epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa.

Order NEMALIALES

Family HELMINTHOCLADIACEAE

Liagora distenta (Mertens in Roth) C. Agardh

Fucus distentus Mertens in Roth, 1806:103.

Liagora distenta (Mertens in Roth) C. Agardh, 1822:394.—Fremy, 1925:28.—Boergesen, 1927:62.—Feldmann, 1931b:227; 1937:270.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:234.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:94.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:761.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:16.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur); northeastern Atlantic (Spain, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Sicily, Greece, Algeria).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 1316–1321; 18: 1971(US), 1972(NHA), 2012(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April, June, and July on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Liagora viscida (Forsskal) C. Agardh

Fucus viscidus Forsskal, 1775:193.

Liagora viscida (Forsskal) C. Agardh, 1822:395.—Muschler, 1910:303.—Funk, 1927:378.—Feldmann. 1931b:226; 1937:270; 1961:506.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:233.—Riedl, 1963:65.—Ardre, 1970:62.—Ben Alaya, 1970:212.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:761.—Güven and Östig, 1971:127.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:16.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Bechateur); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Libya).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1; 1211; 3: 1310–1313 (US), 1314(NHA), 1315(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in June and July on rocks in the sublitoral zone.

Order CHAETANGIALES

Family CHAETANGIACEAE

*Scinaia forcellata (Turner) Bivona

Ulva forcellata Turner, 1801:300.

Scinaia forcellata (Turner) Bivona, 1822:[3].—Bornet, 1892:265.—Boergesen, 1927:63.—Funk, 1927:378.—Feldmann, 1937:270.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:234.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Gayral, 1953:296.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:94.—Ardre, 1970:63.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:220.—Güven and Östig, 1971:128.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:219.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:17.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sousse); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, Sicily, France, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Egypt); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 17: 1943–1946 (US), 1947(NHA), 1948(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in April on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Order BONNEMAISONIALES

Family BONNEMAISONIACEAE

Asparagopsis armata Harvey

Asparagopsis armata Harvey, 1855:544.—Hamel, 1926:420.—Feldmann, 1931b:227; 1937:270.—Funk, 1955:68.—Gayral, 1958:284.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:96.—Papenfuss, 1968:73.—Ardre, 1970:142.—Güven and Östig, 1971:127.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (France, Italy, Sicily, Turkey, Algeria); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1545(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in April on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

*Bonnemaisonia asparagoides (Woodward) C. Agardh

Fucus asparagoides Woodward, 1794:239.

Bonnemaisonia asparagoides (Woodward) C. Agardh, 1822:197.—Funk, 1927:411.—Feldmann, 1931b:227; 1937:270.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:234—Seoane-Camba, 1965:96.—Ardre, 1970:142.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Monastir); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 18: 2016(US), 2017(NHA), 2018(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in April on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

*“Falkenbergia rufolanosa” (Harvey) Schmitz in Engler and Prantl

(tetrasporophyte stage of Asparagopsis armata)

Polysiphonia rufolanosa Harvey, 1855:540.

Falkenbergia rufolanosa (Harvey) Schmitz in Engler and Prantl, 1897:479.—Gayral, 1958:288.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:97.—Ardre, 1970:142.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:224.—Güven and Östig, 1971:127.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:94.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sidi Bou Said); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (Corsica, Turkey, Sicily).

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 13: 1757(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in October on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

“Trailliella intricata” Batters

(tetrasporophyte stage of Bonnemaisonia hamifera)

Trailliella intricata Batters, 1896:10.—Petersen, 1918:13.—Boergesen, 1930:9.—Feldmann, 1931a:17.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands).

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1546(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in April epiphytic on Cysloseira.

Order GELIDIALES

Family GELIDIACEAE

*Gelidium latifolium (Greville) Bornet and Thuret

Gelidium corneum var. latifolium Greville, 1830:143.

Gelidium latifolium (Greville) Bornet and Thuret, 1876:58.—Bornet, 1892:270.—Funk, 1927:70.—Feldmann, 1931b:228; 1937:270.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:236.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Gayral, 1958:306.—Edelslein, 1964:191.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:98.—Ardre, 1970:65.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:762.—Güven and Östig, 1971:127.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:19.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria); Red Sea.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1197–1198(US), 1199(NHA), 1200(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in April on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

*Gelidium pectinatum Montagne

Gelidium pectinatum Montagne, 1846:108.—Bornet, 1892:271.—Boergesen, 1927:89.—Funk, 1927:381.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:236.—Edelstein, 1962:213; 1964:191.—Ardre, 1970:66.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Cap Zebib, Bechateur, La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Sicily, Spain, Italy).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1194, 1195; 3: 1297; 5: 1357(US); 12: 1615(NHA), 1616(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in February, April, July, and August on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis

Fucus pusillus Stackhouse, 1801:17.

Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis, 1863:139.—Bornet, 1892:268.—Boergesen, 1927:83.—Feldmann, 1931b:228; 1937:270.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:235.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:278.—Gayral, 1958:308.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:100.—Ardre, 1970:72.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:762.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:19.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Gammarth, Hammamet); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Sicily, Turkey, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 7: 1384: 11: 1528–1530, 1536; 12: 1623–1627; 13: 1756; 14: 1826–1830; 15: 1869; 1870; 16: 1908–1914(US); 17: 1949–1950(NHA), 2298(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found from March to May and in September, October, and December on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Pterocladia capillacea (Gmelin) Bornet and Thuret

Fucus capillaceus Gmelin, 1768:146.

Pterocladia capillacea (Gmelin) Bornet and Thuret, 1876:57.—Bornet, 1892:272.—Boergesen, 1927:93.—Funk, 1955:71.—Feldmann, 1931b:229; 1937:271; 1961:506.—Nasr, 1940b:20.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:236.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Gayral, 1958:312.—Riedl, 1963:65.—Ardre, 1970:73.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:221.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:762.--Güven and Östig, 1971:127.—Lipkinand Safriel, 1971:10.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Zebib, Bechateur, La Marsa, Sousse); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Sicily, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 2299; 5: 1360: 12: 1649–1651(US); 17: 1953–1955(NHA), 1956–1957 (INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in February and April and from June to September on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Order CRYPTONEMIALES

Family PEYSSONNELIACEAE

Peyssonnelia rubra (Greville) J. Agardh

Zonaria rubra Greville, 1826:340.

Peyssonnelia rubra (Greville) J. Agardh, 1851:502.—Piccone, 1879:29; 1884:129.—Bornet, 1892:347.—Muschler, 1910:311.—Petersen, 1918:12.—Boergesen, 1929:13.—Feldmann, 1931b:240; 1937:271; 1961:506.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:241.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Edelstein, 1962:213; 1964:193.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:763.—Güven and Östig, 1971:127.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:56.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Cap Zebib, Ile Plane, Korbous, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 1204; 2: 1226–1234, 1248, 1249, 1268, 1269; 5: 1368; 8: 1390, 1391, 1397–1401(US); 14: 1849–1850(NHA), 1851(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found in January, February, April, May, July, August, October, and December growing as a fleshy crust on rocks.

Peyssonnelia squamaria (Gmelin) Decaisne

Fucus squamarius Gmelin, 1768:171.

Peyssonnelia squamaria (Gmelin) Decaisne, 1839:168.—Bornet, 1892:347.—Muschler, 1910:31 l.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:6; 1914:290.—Feldmann, 1931b:240; 1937:271.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:241.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Dao, 1957:170.—Edelstein, 1962:213; 1964:193.—Riedl, 1963:67.—Ardre, 1970:76.—Ben Alaya, 1970:210.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:763.—Güven and Östig, 1971:127.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:57.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Cap Zebib, Tabarka, Bechateur, Raouad, mouth of Madjerda, Gammarth, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said. Korbous, Nabeul, Monastir, Gabes); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 1205; 2: 1222, 1223; 3: 1307; 5: 1365; 9: 1468–1476; 10: 1493–1495; 11: 1553, 1567–1570; 12: 1682–1684, 1686–1688; 13: 1785–1788; 14: 1847, 1848; 15: 1886, 1887; 18: 1978(US), 1996(NHA); 22: 2131(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from February to December usually on rocks but sometimes epiphytic on some algae; some specimens dredged from 4 to 45 m.

Family CORALLINACEAE

*Amphiroa beauvoisii Lamouroux

Amphiroa beauvoisii Lamouroux, 1816:299.—Nasr, 1940b:21.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:249.—Aleem, 1951:251.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); Mediterranean (Egypt).

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1173(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in October on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Amphiroa rigida Lamouroux

Amphiroa rigida Lamouroux, 1816:297.—Muschler, 1910:312.—DeToni and Forti, 1914:290.—Funk, 1927:436.—Feldmann, 1931b:242; 1937:272; 1961:507.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945;249.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Hamel and Lemoine, 1953:40.—Edelstein, 1962:213; 1964:195.—Riedl, 1963:70.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:118.—Ardre, 1970:92.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:764.—Güven and Östig, 1971:127.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:36.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Bechateur); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain); Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1255, 1262(US); 3: 1340(NHA), 1341(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found from April to June on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Corallina elongata Ellis and Solander

Corallina elongata Ellis and Solander, 1786:121.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:37.

Corallina mediterranea Areschoug in J. Agardh, 1852:568.—Bornet, 1892:350.—Funk, 1927:438.—Boergesen, 1929:68.—Feldmann, 1931b:242; 1937:272, 1961:507.—Nasr, 1940b:22.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:247.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:278.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Gayral, 1958:320.—Riedl, 1963:70.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:110.—Ardre, 1970:94.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:221.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:764.—Güven and Östig, 1971:127.—Lipkin and Safriel, 1971:10.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Gammarth, Hammamet, Sousse), northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Egypt, Sicily).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 1197; 13: 1754; 16: 1907, 1921–1923(US), 1924(NHA); 17: 1963(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in January, March, April, June, July, and October on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Corallina granifera Ellis and Solander

Corallina granifera Ellis and Solander, 1786:120.—Funk, 1927:438.—Boergesen, 1929:69.—Feldmann, 1931b:242; 1937:272.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:248.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:110.—Ardre, 1970:96.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:764.—Güven and Östig, 1971:127.—Lipkin and Safriel, 19719.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:39.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Bechateur, Bizerte, Raouad, Gammarth, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Nabeul, Aghir, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 1194–1196; 3: 1300–1304; 4: 1343; 10: 1479–1481, 1489; 11: 1552, 1554; 12; 1652; 13: 1753, 1771, 1772; 15: 1877–1880; 24: 2175(US), 2176–2177(NHA); 29: 2261(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from March to July and in September, October, and December on rocks and epiphytic on various algae in the sublittoral zone.

Corallina officinalis Linnaeus

Corallina officinalis Linnaeus, 1758:805.—Bornet, 1892:350.—Muschler, 1910:312.—Feldmann, 1931b:242; 1937:272.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:247.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Gayral, 1958:317.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:110.—Ardre, 1970:92.—Ben Alaya, 1970:211.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:764.—Güven and Östig, 1971:127.—Lipkin and Safriel, 1971:10.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:39.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bizerte, La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 4: 342; 5: 1355 (US), 1356(NHA); 12: 1607(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in May and June and from August to September on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Dermatolithon pustulatum (Lamouroux) Foslie

Melobesia puslulaia Lamouroux, 1816:315.

Dermatolithon pustulatum (Lamouroux) Foslie, 1899:11.—Muschler, 1910:312.—Feldmann, 1937:272.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:245.—Funk, 1955:98.—Gayral, 1958:340.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:114.—Ardre, 1970:89.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:765.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:41.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Zarzis, La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Libya); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1176–1177 (US).

REMARKS.—Common; found in October as a crust on rocks and Cymodocea nodosa.

Fosliella farinosa (Lamouroux) Howe

Melobesia farinosa Lamouroux, 1816:315.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:6; 1914:290.—Schiffner, 1926:304.—Funk, 1955:97.—Boergesen, 1929:65—Feldmann, 1931b:242; 1937:272; 1961:507.—Nasr, 1940b:22.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:246.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:277.—Edelstein, 1962:214; 1964:195.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:116.—Ardre, 1970:90.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:767.—Güven and Östig, 1971:127.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.

Fosliella farinosa (Lamouroux) Howe, 1920:587.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Hamel and Lemoine, 1953:102.—Riedl, 1963:69.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:41.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Tabarka, La Marsa, Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Libya); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1190(US).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found from April to July and in September as a crust on Cymodocea nodosa.

Haliptilon squamatum (Linnaeus) Johansen, Irvine, and Webster

Corallina squamata Linnaeus, 1767:540.

Haliptilon squamatum (Linnaeus) Johansen et al., 1973:212.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:44.

Corallina squamata Ellis and Solander, 1786:117.—Bornet, 1892:351.—Gayral, 1958:320.—Ardre, 1970:96.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco); Mediterranean (Corsica, Libya, Greece).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1139(US), 1178(NHA), 1220(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Jania corniculata (Linnaeus) Lamouroux

Corallina corniculata Linnaeus, 1758:806.

Jania corniculata (Linnaeus) Lamouroux, 1812:186.—Bornet, 1892:351.—Feldman, 1937:272.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:248.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:112.—Ardre, 1970:98.—Ben Alaya, 1970:211.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:44.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Cap Zebib); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1225; 3: 1291, 1293(US), 1294(NHA); 5: 1354(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in February and April on rocks.

*Jania longifurca Zanardini

Jania longifurca Zanardini, 1843:43.—Bornet, 1892:351.—Feldmann, 1931b:242; 1937:272.—Gayral, 1958:330.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:112.—Ardre, 1970:98.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1973:13.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:766.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Zebib, Bechateur, La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (France, Algeria, Sicily).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 1305, 1306; 5: 1353, 1364; 12: 1606, 1671–1680(US), 1681 (NHA), 1685(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found from January to December on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Jania rubens (Linnaeus) Lamouroux

Corallina rubens Linnaeus, 1767:1305.—DeToni and Forti, 1914:290.

Jania rubens (Linnaeus) Lamouroux, 1812:186.—Piccone, 1879:30; 1884:130.—Bornet, 1892:351.—Muschler, 1910: 313.—Boergesen, 1929:70.—Feldmann, 1931b:242; 1937:272; 1961:507.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:248.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:278.—Aieem, 1951:251.—Funk, 1955:102.—Dao, 1957:171.—Gayral, 1958:327.—Riedl, 1963:70.—Edelstein, 1964:195.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:113.—Ardre, 1970:97.—Ben Alaya, 1970:211.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:766.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:45.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Gammarth, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Nabeul, Aghir, Zarzis); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 1198–1203; 3: 1292; 11:—1565, 1566; 12: 1668–1670; 13: 1782; 15: 1868, 1885; 28: 2234(US), 2250–2251(NHA), 2253 (INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in January and from March to December on rocks, epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa.

Lithophyllum incrustans Philippi

Lithophyllum incrustans Philippi, 1837:387.—DeToni and Forti, 1914:290.—Funk, 1927:434.—Feldmann, 1931b:240; 1937:271.—Hamel and Lemoine, 1953:48.—Gayral, 1958:335.—Riedl, 1963:69.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:113.—Ardre, 1970:85.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:766.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1973:13.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:47.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Algeria, Libya); Red Sea.

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1175(US).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in January, March, April, October, and November as crust on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Family CRYPTONEMIACEAE

*Cryptonemia seminervis (C. Agardh) J. Agardh

Sphaerococcus seminervis C. Agardh, 1822:232.

Cryptonemia seminervis (C. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1851:226.—Bornet, 1892:341.—Gayral, 1958:353.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:117.—Ardre, 1970:101.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1637–1638 (US).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in September on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Family KALLYMENIACEAE

Kallymenia microphylla J. Agardh

Kallymenia microphylla J. Agardh, 1848:288.—Bornet, 1892:278.—Funk, 1927:389.—Boergesen, 1929:75.—Feldmann, 1961:507.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:249.—Edelstein, 1962:215; 1964:196—Ardre, 1970:103.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:769.—Güven and Östig, 1971:127—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:46.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (El Attaya, Kerkenna Island); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria).

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 20: 2100(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in April on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Order GIGARTINALES

Family HYPNEACEAE

Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen in Jacquin) Lamouroux

Fucus musciformis Wulfen in Jacquin, 1786:154.

Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen in Jacquin) Lamouroux, 1813:43.—Piccone, 1879:29; 1884:127.—Bornet, 1892:284.—Muschler, 1910:305.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:11.—Funk, 1955:77.—Boergesen, 1929:84.—Feldmann, 1931b:237; 1937:274; 1961:507.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:254.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:278.—Gayral, 1958:385.—Riedl, 1963:73.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:124.—Ardre, 1970:111.—Ben Alaya, 1970:210.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:772.—Güven and Östig, 1971:125—Lipkin and Safriel, 1971:9.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:23.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Zebib, Tabarka, Raf Raf, Raouad, Gammarth, Sidi Bou Said, La Marsa, Nabeul, Hammamet, Monastir, Djerba Island, El Bibane, Bechateur, Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 1207–1210; 3: 1308, 1309; 5: 1369; 6: 1377; 7: 1385; 10: 1496; 11: 1535, 1571, 1574, 1575; 12: 1689–1706; 13: 1790, 1796; 15: 1888–1890; 16: 1925; 18: 1997, 1998; 20: 2067, 2068; 24: 2171–2173(US); 29: 2262(NHA), 2263(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found year round on rocks and epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa.

Family PLOCAMIACEAE

Plocamium cartilagineum (Linnaeus) Dixon

Fucus cartilagineus Linnaeus, 1753:1161.

Plocamium cartilagineum (Linnaeus) Dixon, 1967:58.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:771.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:25.

Plocamium coccineum (Hudson) Lyngbye, 1819:39.—Bornet, 1892:291.—DeToni, 1895:453.—Petersen, 1918:19.—Funk, 1955:77.—Boergesen, 1929:94.—Feldmann, 1931b:238; 1937:273.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:254.—Gayral, 1958:385.—Riedl, 1963:71.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:120.—Ardre, 1970:112.—Ben Alaya, 1970:211.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:222.—Güven and Östig, 1971:128.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Cap Zebib, mouth of Madjerda, Gammarth, Sidi Bou Said, La Marsa, Monastir, Sousse); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Turkey, Algeria, Libya); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 1192, 1193; 5: 1358; 9: 1423–1431; 11: 1531–1533; 12: 1653–1667; 13: 1768–17 70(US); 17: 1958–1962(NHA); 18: 1977(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from January to July and from September to December on rocks as well as epiphytic on various algae; some specimens dredged from 15 to 57 m.

Family SPHAEROCOCCACEAE

Sphaerococcus coronopifolius (Goodenough and Woodward) Stackhouse

Fucus coronopifolius Goodenough and Woodward, 1797:185.

Sphaerococcus coronopifolius (Goodenough and Woodward) Stackhouse, 1809:57.—Muschler, 1910:304.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:12.—Petersen, 1918:18.—Ardre, 1970:115.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:771.

Sphaerococcus coronopifolius (Goodenough and Woodward) C. Agardh, 1817:29.—Bornet, 1892:282.—Funk, 1955:77.—Boergesen, 1929:80.—Feldmann, 1931b:236; 1937:273.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:255.—Gayral, 1958:374.—Riedl, 1963:72.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:122.—Güven and Östig, 1971:125.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:29.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Cap Zebib, Bizerte, Ile Plane, Raf Raf, mouth of Madjerda, Raouad, Gammarth, Sidi Bou Said, Korbous); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1130, 1276–1280, 1282–1289; 5: 1362; 6: 1375; 8: 1416; 9: 1450; 10: 1492; 11: 1555–1564(US); 13: 1780–1781 (INSTOP); 14: 1837–1841(NHA).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from February to May and in July, September, October, and December on rocks; some specimens dredged from 40 to 65 m.

Family FURCELLARIACEAE

*Halarachnion ligulatum (Woodward) Kuetzing

Ulva ligulata Woodward, 1797:54.

Halarachnion ligulatum (Woodward) Kuetzing, 1843:394.—Bornet, 1892:345.—Funk, 1927:423.—Boergesen, 1929:9.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:251.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:771.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sidi Bou Said); northeastern Atlantic (Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, Italy, Greece).

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 13: 1809(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in October on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Family GRACILARIACEAE

Gracilaria armata (C. Agardh) J. Agardh

Sphaerococcus armatus C. Agardh, 1827:645.

Gracilaria armata (C. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1847:15.—Bornet, 1892:283.—DeToni, 1895:453.—Schiffner, 1926:302.—Funk, 1955:79.—Boergesen, 1929:82.—Feldmann, 1931b:237; 1937:273.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:276.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:770.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France, Italy, Algeria, Greece, Libya, Egypt).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1610–1613 (US), 1614(NHA), 1622(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April, May, and September on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Gracilaria arcuata Zanardini

Gracilaria arcuata Zanardini, 1858:265.—Feldmann, 1931a:14; 1951:107.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); Mediterranean (Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1611(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in May growing on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

*Gracilaria cervicornis (Turner) J. Agardh

Fucus cervicornis Turner, 1809:131.

Gracilaria cervicornis (Turner) J. Agardh, 1852:504.—Gayral, 1958:364.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Raf Raf, Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Morocco); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 6: 1378, 1379; 7: 1388; 12: 1715(US), 1716(NHA), 1717(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found from September to December on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss

Fucus verrucosus Hudson, 1762:470.

Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss, 1950:195.—Ardre, 1970:115.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:771.—Güven and Östig, 1971:127.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1973:10.

Gracilaria confervoides (Linnaeus) Greville, 1830:liv.—Bornet, 1892:282.—Schiffner, 1926:302.—Funk, 1955:79.—Boergesen, 1929:81.—Feldmann, 1931b:237; 1937:273.—Nasr, 1940b:23.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:255.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:276.—Gayral, 1958:358.—Edelstein, 1962:213; 1964:197.—Riedl, 1963:71.—Güven and Östig, 1971:127.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Sicily, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1713(US), 1714(NHA).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in January, April, May, and July on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Family PHYLLOPHORACEAE

*Gymnogongrus griffithsiae (Turner) Martius

Fucus griffithsiae Turner, 1808:80.

Gymnogongrus griffithsiae (Turner) Martius, 1833:27.—Bornet, 1892:276.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:12.—Boergesen, 1929:74.—Feldmann, 1931b:235; 1937:274.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:278.—Funk, 1955:78.—Gayral, 1958:398.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:125.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:772.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:22.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa, Hammamet); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Algeria, Libya, Egypt).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1718–1720 (US), 1721(NHA); 16: 1927(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in February, March, June, July, November, and December epiphytic on various algae,

Phyllophora nervosa (de Candolle) Greville in J. Agardh

Fucus nervosus de Candolle, 1805:29.

Phyllophora nervosa (de Candolle) Greville in J. Agardh, 1842:94.—Bornet, 1892:274.—Muschler, 1910:304.—Funk, 1927:386.—Feldmann, 1931b:231; 1937:274.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:256.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:273.—Dao, 1957:171.—Riedl, 1963:72.—Ben Alaya, 1970:211.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:222.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:773.—Güven and Östig, 1971:125.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:24.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Ile Plane, mouth of Madjerda, Korbous); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Libya, Sicily, Egypt).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1149–1156, 1183; 8: 1395, 1396, 1402–1405, 1420; 9: 1454–1467 (US); 14: 1843–1844(NHA), 1845–1846(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in April, October, and December on rocks; some specimens dredged from 65 m.

*Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) Newroth and A.R.A. Taylor

Fucus pseudoceranoides Gmelin, 1768:119.

Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) Newroth and A.R.A. Taylor, 1971:95.

Phyllophora membranifolia (Goodenough and Woodward) J. Agardh, 1842:93.—Ardre, 1970:118.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:773.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Ile Plane, mouth of Madjerda, Korbous); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean (Greece).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 9: 1452–1453(US); 14: 1451(NHA), 1842(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found from January to July and from October to December on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Family GIGARTINACEAE

Gigartina acicularis (Wulfen) Lamouroux

Fucus acicularis Wulfen, 1803:63.

Gigartina acicularis (Wulfen) Lamouroux, 1813:49.—Bornet, 1892:273.—Funk, 1927:385.—Boergesen, 1929:73.—Feldmann, 1931b:231; 1937:274.—Nasr, 1940b:25.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:257.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Gayral, 1958:408.—Riedl, 1963:73.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:117.—Ardre, 1970:126.—Ben Alaya, 1970:21 l.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:773.—Güven and Östig, 1971:127.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:21.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Egypt); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1617(US), 1621(NHA); 13: 1755(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found from January to July and from October to December on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Family RISSOELLACEAE

Rissoella verruculosa (Bertoloni) J. Agardh

Fucus verruculosus Bertoloni, 1819:291.

Rissoella verruculosa (Bertoloni) J. Agardh, 1848:241.—Piccone, 1879:28; 1884:125.—DeToni, 1895:452.—Funk, 1927:390.—Feldmann, 1931b:235; 1937:90; 1961:507—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:253.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:222.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:27.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Bechateur); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Algeria, Sicily, Libya).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1208–1215(US), 1256(NHA); 3: 1298(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in April and July on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Order RHODYMENIALES

Family RHODYMENIACEAE

*Chrysymenia ventricosa (Lamouroux) J. Agardh

Dumontia ventricosa Lamouroux, 1813:45.

Chrysymenia ventricosa (Lamouroux) J. Agardh, 1876:322.—Bornet, 1892:288.—Funk, 1927:399.—Feldmann, 1937:274.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:258.—Edelstein, 1964:198.—Papenfuss, 1968:91.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:774.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:31.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Djerba Island) Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Israel, Egypt).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 24: 2174(US), 2148(NHA).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in May on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

*Rhodymenia pseudopalmata (Lamouroux) Silva

Fucus pseudopalmatus Lamouroux, 1805:29.

Rhodymenia pseudopalmata (Lamouroux) Silva, 1952:265.—Ardre, 1970:132.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:774.

Rhodymenia palmetta (Esper) Greville, 1830:xlviii.—Piccone, 1879:28; 1884:126.—Funk, 1927:397.—Feldmann, 1931b:237.—Gayral, 1958:410—Güven and Östig, 1971:126.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Zebib, He Plane, mouth of Madjerda, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco); Mediterranean (Italy, Greece, Turkey, Algeria).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1632(US), 1636(NHA), 1761(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found from January to December on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Family CHAMPIACEAE

Champia parvula (C. Agardh) Harvey

Chondria parvula C. Agardh, 1824:207.

Champia parvula (C. Agardh) Harvey, 1953:76.—Bornet, 1892:290.—Funk, 1927:405.—Boergesen, 1929:92.—Feldmann, 1931b:238; 1937:274; 1961:507.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:262.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Gayral, 1958:420.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:128.—Ardre, 1970:137.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:774.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:31.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Djerba Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Algeria, Egypt); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1235(US); 29: 2265(NHA), 2268(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found from April to May epiphytic on various algae.

Chylocladia verticillata (Lightfoot) Bliding

Fucus verticllatus Lightfoot, 1777:962.

Chylocladia verticillata (Lightfoot) Bliding, 1928:69.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:128.—Ardre, 1970:138.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:775.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:31.

Chylocladia kaliformis (Goodenough and Woodward) Hooker, 1833:397.—Bornet, 1892:291.—Petersen, 1918:19.—Funk, 1955:87.—Boergesen, 1929:93.—Feldmann, 1931b:238; 1937:275.—Edelstein, 1962:213; 1964:199.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.

Gastroclonium kaliforme (Goodenough and Woodward) Ardissone, 1883:322.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:261.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Israel, Algeria).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 19: 2034–2046; 20: 2095–2099, 2101; 24: 2154–2158(US); 29: 2255(NHA), 2256(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found from March to April on rocks and epiphytic on various algae.

Gastroclonium clavatum (Roth) Ardissone

Conferva clavata Roth, 1797:160.

Gastroclonium clavatum (Roth) Ardissone, 1883:322.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:1 l.—Feldman, 1937:275; 1961:507.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:261.—Funk, 1955:88.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:130.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:775.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:32.

Chylocladia mediterranea J. Agardh, 1842:112.

Lomentaria mediterranea Endlicher, 1843:43.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Nabeul, Monastir); northeastern Atlantic (Spain); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corisca, Greece, Libya).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 15: 1871–1874 (US), 1875(NHA), 1970(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found from April to March on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Family LOMENTARIACEAE

Lomentaria articulata (Hudson) Lyngbye

Ulva articulata Hudson, 1778:569.

Lomentaria articulata (Hudson) Lyngbye, 1819:101.—Bornet, 1892:289.—Boergesen, 1929:90.—Feldmann, 1937:274.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:260.—Gayral, 1958:418.—Ben Alaya, 1970:211.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:223.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:775.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:33.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Hammamet); northeastern Atlantic (Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Sicily, Corsica, Italy, Greece).

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 16: 1926(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in March on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Order CERAMIALES

Family CERAMIACEAE

*Antithamnion cruciatum (C. Agardh) Naegeli

Callithamnion cruciatum C. Agardh, 1824:160.

Antithamnion cruciatum (C. Agardh) Naegeli, 1847:200.—Funk, 1955:110.—Feldmann, 1931b:247.—Riedl, 1963:75.—Ardre, 1970:145.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:776.—Güven and Östig, 1971:126.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:33.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Algeria).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1144–1145(US), 1146(NHA), 1147(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April epiphytic on various algae.

*Callithamnion byssoides Arnott in Hooker

Callithamnion byssoides Arnott in Hooker, 1833:342.—Boergesen, 1930:42.—Feldmann, 1937:275.—Papenfuss, 1968:92.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Monastir); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France); Red Sea.

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 18: 2011(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in April on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Callithamnion granulatum (Ducluzeau) C. Agardh

Ceramium granulatum Ducluzeau, 1805:72.

Callithamnion granulatum (Ducluzeau) C. Agardh, 1828:177.—DeToni, 1895:454.—Funk, 1955:134.—Feldmann, 1931b:247.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:265.—Gayral, 1958:438.—Ardre, 1970:176.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:776.—Güven and Östig, 1971:126. Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:64.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Tabarka, Bechateur); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco); Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Libya).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 2220; 2: 1132, 1133, 1244–1246(US), 1247(NHA); 3: 1336(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in April and July epiphytic on various algae.

Callithamnion tetragonum (Withering) C. Agardh

Conferva tetragona Withering, 1796:405.

Callithamnion tetragonum (Withering) C. Agardh, 1828:176.—Boergesen, 1930:46.—Feldmann, 1931b:247; 1937:275; 1961:507.—Funk, 1955:133.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:140.—Ardre, 1970:177.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Gammarth); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France, Italy, Algeria).

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 11: 1605(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in May on rocks.

Ceramium ciliatum (Ellis) Ducluzeau

Conferva ciliata Ellis, 1768:425.

Ceramium ciliatum (Ellis) Ducluzeau, 1805:64.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:7; 1914:290.—Schiffner, 1926:301.—Funk, 1955:118.—Boergesen, 1930:65.—Nasr, 1940b:26.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:268.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:276.—Gayral, 1958:430.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:132.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:223.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:76.—Güven and Östig, 1971:126.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:65.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Raouad, Gammarth, Monastir); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Sicily, Turkey, Libya, Egypt).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1240–1243; 10: 1511–1514; 11: 1598–1604(US); 15: 1896(INSTOP); 18: 2008–2010(NHA).

REMARKS.—Common; found from March to May epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa.

Ceramium diaphanum (Lightfoot) Roth

Conferva diaphana Lightfoot, 1777:996.

Ceramium diaphanum (Lightfoot) Roth, 1806:154.—Piccone, 1879:28; 1884:123.—Petersen, 1918:14.—Schiffner, 1926:301.—Boergesen, 1930:63.—Feldmann, 1931b:248; 1937:276.—Mazoyer, 1938:325.—Nasr, 1940b:27.—Gayral, 1958:433.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:135.—Papenfuss, 1968:92.—Güven and Östig, 1971:126.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:66.

Ceramium diaphanum (Roth) Harvey, 1849: pl. 193.—Funk, 1955:119.—Ardre, 1970:155.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 777.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Gammarth, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Hammamet, Sousse, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 1211; 11: 1593–1597; 13: 1815–1817(US); 29: 2287(NHA), 2288(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found from January to May and in September and November epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa.

Ceramium gracillimum Griffiths and Harvey in Harvey

Ceramium gracillimum Griffiths and Harvey in Harvey, 1849, pl. 206.—Funk, 1955:117.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:276.—Edelstein, 1964:202.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:133.—Papenfuss, 1968:93.—Andre, 1970:153.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:777.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain); Mediterranean (Italy, Sicily, Greece, Israel, Egypt); Red Sea.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 16: 1928(US), 1929(NHA).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in September epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa.

Ceramium rubrum (Hudson) C. Agardh

Conferva rubra Hudson, 1762:486.

Ceramium rubrum (Hudson) C. Agardh, 1817:60.—Boergesen, 1930:63.—Feldmann, 1931b:248.—Mazoyer, 1938:320.—Nasr, 1940b:27.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:268.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:276.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Funk, 1955:119.—Gayral, 1958:428.—Riedl, 1963:75.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:133.—Ardre, 1970:157.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:223.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:778.—Güven and Östig, 1971:126.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:67.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur, Gammarth, La Marsa, Monastir); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Turkey, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Algeria, Egypt); Red Sea.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 1333–1335: 11: 1590–1592; 12: 1729, 1730, 1732(US), 1733 (NHA); 18: 2007(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from January to August and from October to December on rocks, epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa.

Ceramium tenerrimum (Martens) Okamura

Hormoceras tenerrimum Martens, 1866:146.

Ceramium tenerrimum (Martens) Okamura, 1933:112.—Funk, 1955:117.—Mazoyer, 1937:540; 1938:321.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:135.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:778. Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (Italy, Sicily, Greece, Algeria).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM: 24: 2142–2144(US), 2145(NHA), 2146(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in March epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa.

Ceramium tenuissimum (Lyngbye) J. Agardh

Ceramium diaphanum var. tenuissimum Lyngbye, 1819:120.

Ceramium tenuissimum (Lyngbye) J. Agardh, 1851:120.—Feldmann, 1931b:248; 1937:276.—Mazoyer, 1938:325.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:268.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:270.—Funk, 1955:117.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:778.—Güven and Östig, 1971:126.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:68.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1539(US).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in May and August on Cymodocea nodosa.

*Griffithsia flosculosa (Ellis) Batters in Newton

Conferva flosculosa Ellis, 1768:425.

Griffithsia flosculosa (Ellis) Batters in Newton, 1931:368.—Funk, 1955:129.—Feldmann, 1961:507.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:138.—Ardre, 1970:167.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:779.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1973:14.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:69.

Griffithsia setacea C. Agardh, 1817:xxviii.—Bornet, 1892:324.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain); Mediterranean (Corsica, Italy, Greece, Sicily),

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1171(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in April epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa.

*Griffithsia phyllamphora J. Agardh

Griffithsia phyllamphora J. Agardh, 1842:77.—Bornet, 1892:324.—Boergesen, 1930:38.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:263.—Funk, 1955:127.—Dao, 1957:172.—Riedl, 1963:75.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:69.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sidi Bou Said); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea).

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 13: 1808(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in July epiphytic on various algae.

*Anotrichium tenue (C. Agardh) Naegeli

Griffithsia tenuis C. Agardh, 1828:131.—Boergesen, 1930:31.—Edelstein, 1964:199.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:779.

Anotrichium tenue (C. Agardh) Naegeli, 1861:399.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Kerkenna Island); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Greece, Israel, Algeria); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 20: 2093(US), 2094(NH A).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Spyridia filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey

Fucus filamentosus Wulfen, 1803:64.

Spyridia filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey, 1833:336.—Bornet, 1892:333.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:7.—Petersen, 1918:15.—Schiffner, 1926:302.—Pottier, 1929:337.—Boergesen, 1930:61.—Feldmann, 1931b:247; 1937:276.—Nasr, 1940b:30.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:267.—Funk, 1955:120.—Dao, 1957:172.—Edelstein, 1964:202.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:136.—Ben Alaya, 1970:211—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:780.—Güven and Östig, 1971:126.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:219.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:72.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sidi Bou Said, Korbous, Monastir, Djerba Island, Kerkenna Island, Zarzis); northeastern Atlantic (Spain, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 4: 1344–1348; 13: 1773–1779; 14: 1832–1836; 18: 1994, 1995; 21: 2107–2111; 24: 2194; 26: 2208–2214(US); 28: 2246–2247(NHA), 2248–2249(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found in April, May, July, and October epiphytic on various algae.

Wrangelia penicillata C. Agardh

Wrangelia penicillata C. Agardh, 1828:138.—Bornet, 1892:265.—DeToni, 1895:452.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:12.—Schiffner, 1926:300.—Boergesen, 1927:94.—Feldmann, 1937:276.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:269.—Funk, 1955:129.—Dao, 1957:172.—Riedl, 1963:75.—Edelstein, 1964:200.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:780.—Güven and Östig, 1971:126.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:220.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:73.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Monastir, Djerba Island, Zarzis); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Libya); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 18: 1991–1993; 24: 2183, 2186–2193, 2197–2201(US); 28: 2239–2243(NHA), 2244–2245(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in April, May, and October epiphytic on various algae.

Family DELESSERIACEAE

*Acrosorium uncinatum (Turner) Kylin

Fucus laceratus var. uncinatus Turner, 1808:153.

Acrosorium uncinatum (Turner) Kylin, 1924:78.—Boergesen, 1930:154.—Feldmann, 1931b:238; 1937:278.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:272.—Funk, 1955:103.—Gayral, 1958:461.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:142.—Ardre, 1970:188. Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:90.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sidi Bou Said, Korbous, Sousse); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Algeria, Libya); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1186; 13: 1821–1825; 14: 1861–1863(US), 1864(NHA), 1865(INSTOP).

REMARKS—Common; found in April and October epiphytic on various algae.

*Hypoglossum woodwardii Kuetzing

Hypoglossum woodwardii Kuetzing, 1843:444.—Boergesen, 1930:153.—Feldmann, 1931b:238; 1937:278.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:269.—Funk, 1955:106.—Gayral, 1958:456.—Edelstein, 1964:207.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:141.—Ardre, 1970:179.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:781.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:91.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Algeria, Libya).

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 1: 1540(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in April epiphytic on various algae.

*Myriogramme distromatica Rodriquez ex Boudouresque

Myriogramme distromatica Rodriguez ex Boudouresque, 1971:76.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:92.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sidi Bou Said); Mediterranean (Corsica).

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 13: 1789(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in October epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa.

Family DASYACEAE

*Dasya baillouviana (Gmelin) Montagne

Fucus baillouviana Gmelin, 1768:165.

Dasya baillouviana (Gmelin) Montagne, 1841:164.

Dasya elegans (Martens) C. Agardh, 1828:117.—Edelstein, 1964:205.—Güven and Östig, 1971:127.

Dasya pedicellata C. Agardh, 1824:211.—Boergesen, 1930:136.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:782.—Güven and Östig, 1971:127.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 20: 2057–2059, 2061; 24: 2178–2179(US), 2180–2181(NHA), 2182(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in March and April on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Heterosiphonia wurdemanni (Bailey in Harvey) Falkenberg

Dasya wurdemanni Bailey in Harvey, 1853:64.

Heterosiphonia wurdemanni (Bailey in Harvey) Falkenberg, 1901:638.—Schiffner, 1926:303.—Boergesen, 1930:137, Feldmann, 1937:277.—Nasr, 1940a:7.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:270.—Aleem, 1951:252.—Funk, 1955:147.—Dao, 1957:173.—Edelstein, 1964:206.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:782.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:89.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Djerba Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Israel, Egypt).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 26: 2222(US), 2223(NHA).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April and October on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Family RHODOMELACEAE

Acanthophora najadiformis (Delile) Papenfuss

Fucus najadiformis Delile, 1813:80.

Acanthophora najadiformis (Delile) Papenfuss, 1968:96.

Acanthophora delile Lamouroux, 1813:132.—Muschler, 1910:307.—Funk, 1927:446.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:277.—Feldmann, 1951:107.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:225.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:783.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:73.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Djerba Island); Mediterranean (Sicily, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Israel, Libya, Egypt); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 23: 2134(US), 2137(NHA).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in June on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Alsidium corallinum C. Agardh

Alsidium corallinum C. Agardh, 1827:639.—Schiffner, 1926:303.—Boergesen, 1930:108.—Feldmann, 1937:277.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:276.—Aleem, 1951:252.—Funk, 1955:139.—Edelstein, 1964:203.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:783.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:74.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Israel, Egypt).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1744–1749 (US), 1750(NHA), 1751(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in February, June, September, and November on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

*Chondria coerulescens (Crouan and Crouan) Falkenberg

Laurencia coerulescens Crouan and Crouan, 1867:154.

Chondria coerulescens (Crouan and Crouan) Falkenberg, 1901:205.—Funk, 1927:444.—Gayral, 1958:476.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:153.—Ardre, 1970:223.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Raouad, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (Italy).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 10: 1509–1510 (US); 12: 1727–1728(NHA); 13: 1814(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in March, June, October, and December on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Chondria dasyphylla (Woodward) C. Agardh

Fucus dasyphyllus Woodward, 1794:239.

Chondria dasyphylla (Woodward) C. Agardh, 1817:xviii.—Bornet, 1892:304.—Muschler, 1910:307.—Fremy, 1925:28.—Schiffner, 1926:303.—Funk, 1927:444.—Boergesen, 1930:81.—Feldmann, 193 lb:242.—Gayral, 1958:474.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:783.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1973:16.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Tabarka, Gammarth, La Marsa, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Greece, Algeria, Libya, Sicily, Egypt); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 1219; 2: 1218, 1221, 1224; 11: 1585–1589; 12: 1724–1726; 20: 2047–2056; 29: 2269–2271(US), 2272(NHA), 2273(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found from January to May and in November and December on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Chondria tenuissima (Goodenough and Woodward) C. Agardh

Fucus tenuissimus Goodenough and Woodward, 1797:215.

Chondria tenuissima (Goodenough and Woodward) C. Agardh, 1822:352.—Bornet, 1892:303.—Schiffner, 1926:303.—Boergesen 1930:80.—Feldmann, 1931b:243; 1937:276. Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:276.—Aleem, 1951:252.—Funk, 1955:139.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:154.—Ardre, 1970:221.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:783.—Güven and Östig, 1971:126.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:76.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur, Raouad, Gammarth, Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 1332; 10: 1506–1508; 11: 1583(US); 24: 2149–2159(NHA), 2152–2153(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found from March to May and in July and August on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

*Digenia simplex (Wulfen) C. Agardh

Conferva simplex Wulfen, 1803:17.

Digenia simplex (Wulfen) C. Agardh, 1822:388.—Muschler, 1910:308.—Funk, 1927:442.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:280.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:256.—Aleem, 1951:252.—Dao, 1957:172.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:783.—Güven and Östig, 1971:126.—Lipkin and Safriel, 1971:11.—Giaccone el al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:76.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Nabeul, Djerba Island); Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1270–1275, 1281(US); 15: 1876(INSTOP); 27: 2231–2233 (NHA).

REMARKS.—Common; found in April, July, and October on rocks in the sublittoral zone.

Halopitys incurvus (Hudson) Batters

Fucus incurvus Hudson, 1762:470.

Halopitys incurvus (Hudson) Batters, 1902:78.—Alcem, 1951:252.—Gayral, 1958:496.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:152.—Ardre, 1970:220.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:784.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:77.

Halopitys pinastroides (Gmelin) Kuetzing, 1843:433.—Bornet, 1892:303.—Muschler, 1910:309.—DeToni and Forti, 1914:298.—Schiffner, 1926:304.—Boergesen, 1930:117.—Feldmann, 1931b:245.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:281.—Funk, 1955:145.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Tabarka, Bechateur, He Plane, Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, mouth of Madjerda, Raouad, Sidi Bou Said, La Marsa, Korbous, Nabeul, Gammarth, Monastir, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Algeria, Libya, Egypt).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1148, 1157–1163, 1250–1251; 3: 1323; 8: 1393, 1394; 9: 1477, 1478; 10: 1500–1504; 11: 1578–1580; 12: 1709–1712; 13: 1802–1806 14: 1852–1855; 15: 1893–1894(US); 18: 2005–2006(NHA); 23: 2135–2136(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from March to May and from July to December on rocks; some specimens dredged from 15 to 23 m.

Herposiphonia tenella (C. Agardh) Schmitz

Hutchinsia tenella C. Agardh, 1828:105.

Herposiphonia tenella (C. Agardh) Schmitz, 1889:449.

Herposiphonia tenella (C. Agardh) Ambronn, 1880:198.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:9.—Boergesen, 1930:110.—Funk. 1955:142.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:784.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:79.

Herposiphonia tenella (C. Agardh) Naegeli, 1846:238.—Feldmann, 1931b:245; 1961:508.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:280.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:147.—Ardre, 1970:213.—Güven and Östig, 1971:126.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Monastir); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Libya); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 18: 1999(US), 2000(NHA), 2001(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in April epiphytic on various algae.

Herposiphonia tenella forma secunda (C. Agardh) Hollenberg

Herposiphonia secunda (C. Agardh) Falkenberg, 1901:307.

Hutchinsia secunda C. Agardh, 1824:149.

Herposiphonia tenella forma secunda (C. Agardh) Hollenberg, 1968:556.

Herposiphonia secunda (C. Agardh) Ambronn, 1880:197.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:277.—Aleem, 1951:252.—Dao, 1957:172.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:784.

Herposiphonia secunda (C. Agardh) Naegeli, 1846:238.—Muschler, 1910:308.—Schiffner, 1926:303.—Boergesen, 1930:111.—Feldmann, 1931b:245.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:281.—Funk, 1955:142.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:147.—Ardre, 1970:214.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:161.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sidi Bou Said, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Canary Islands), Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 24: 2292(US); 25: 2204(NHA), 2205(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in February, March, and May epiphytic on various algae.

Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) Lamouroux

Fucus obtusus Hudson, 1778:586.

Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) Lamouroux, 1813:42.—Piccone, 1879:31; 1884:133.—Bornet, 1892:300.—Patouillard, 1897:19.—Muschler, 1910:306.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:10.—Schiffner, 1926:302.—Funk, 1927:447.—Pottier, 1929:343.—Boergesen, 1930:67.—Feldmann, 1931b:243, 1937:276.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:273.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:278.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Dao, 1957:172.—Gayral, 1958:482.—Riedl, 1963:77.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:155.—Ardre, 1970:224.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 784.—Güven and Östig, 1971:126.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:79.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur, Bizerte, Raf Raf, Raouad, Gammarth, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Korbous, Monastir, Gabes, Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Sicily, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 1212–1217; 2: 1140–1143, 1164–1167, 1179–1182, 1187–1216, 1219; 3: 1324–1331; 4: 1350; 5: 1371, 1372; 6: 1380–1381; 10; 1505; 11: 1581, 1582; 12: 1708; 13: 1810; 14: 1856–1860; 15: 1895; 75:2002–2004; 19: 2040–2042; 20: 2078–2092; 21: 2113–2117; 22: 2132; 23: 2293–2296; 24: 2159–2170; 25: 2202–2203(US); 26: 2224–2230(NHA); 29: 2274–2286(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from February to July and in September and October on rocks and epiphytic on various algae; some specimens dredged from 31 m.

*Laurencia papillosa (Forsskal) Greville

Fucus papillosus Forsskal, 1775:190.

Laurencia papillosa (Forsskal) Greville, 1830:52.—Muschler, 1910:306.—Feldmann, 1937:276.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:276.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Funk, 1955:141.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:785.—Güven and Östig, 1971:126.—Lipkin and Safriel, 1971:8.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:81.

Laurencia papillosa (C. Agardh) Greville, 1830:lii.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:11.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, Raouad, Gammarth, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Nabeul, Zarzis); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 7: 1386; 10: 1497–1499; 11: 1572, 1573, 1576, 1577; 12: 1707; 13: 1807; 15: 1891–1892(US); 28: 2254(INSTOP); 29: 2265–2266(NHA).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found in March, May, September, and October on rocks and epiphytic on various algae.

*Laurencia pinnatifida (Gmelin) Lamouroux

Fucus pinnatifidus Gmelin, 1792:1385.

Laurencia pinnatifida (Gmelin) Lamouroux, 1813:42.—Bornet, 1892:301.—Funk, 1927:449.—Boergesen, 1930:69.—Feldmann, 1931b:243; 1937:276.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:275.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Gayral, 1958:478.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:154.—Ardre, 1970:225.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:785.—Güven and Östig, 1971:126.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:81.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Bechateur, Cap Zebib); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Egypt); Red Sea.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1370(US); 8: 1392(NHA).

REMARKS.—Common; found in February, April, and July in the sublittoral zone.

*Lophosiphonia subadunca (Kuetzing) Falkenberg

Polysiphonia subadunca Kuetzing, 1843:418.

Lophosiphonia subadunca (Kuetzing) Falkenberg, 1901:496.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:281.—Funk, 1955:142.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:786.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Raf Raf); Mediterranean (Spain, Greece).

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 6: 1376(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in September epiphytic on various algae.

*Lophosiphonia sacchoriza Collins and Hervey

Lophosiphonia sacchoriza Collins and Hervey, 1917:127.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Kerkenna Island).

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 20: 2077(US).

REMARKS.—Rare; found in April epiphytic on various algae.

Polysiphonia elongata (Hudson) Harvey in Hooker

Conferva elongala Hudson, 1778:599.

Polysiphonia elongata (Hudson) Harvey in Hooker, 1833:333.—Bornet, 1892:308.—Muschler, 1910:307.—Boergesen, 1930:93.—Feldmann, 1937:277.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:278.—Aleem, 1951:252.—Funk, 1955:136.—Edelstein, 1964:204.—Ardre, 1970:206.—Ben Alaya, 1970:212.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:786.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1973:16.—Buudouresque and Perret, 1977:83.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Gammarth); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Libya, Egypt).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 11: 1537–1538 (US).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in May epiphytic on various algae.

*Polysiphonia macrocarpa Harvey in Mackay

Polysiphonia macrocarpa Harvey in Mackay, 1836:206.—Bornet, 1892:306.—Boergesen, 1930:82.—Gayral, 1958:465.—Ardre, 1970:202.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Raouad, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Morocco, Canary Islands).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 10: 1487, 1488; 20: 2064(US), 2069(NHA), 2007(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in January, March, and August epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa.

Polysiphonia opaca (C. Agardh) Zanardini

Hutchinsia opaca C. Agardh, 1824:148.

Polysiphonia opaca (C. Agardh) Zanardini, 1842:63.—Schiffner, 1926:303.—Boergesen, 1930:104.—Feldmann, 1937:277.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:379.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:277.—Aleem, 1951:252.—Funk, 1955:136.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:787.—Güven and Östig, 1971:126.—Lipkin and Safriel, 1971:8.—Gaiccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:84.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Monastir, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Egypt).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 1188–1190; 18: 1985–1990 (US); 24: 2138(INSTOP), 2184–2185(NHA).

REMARKS.—Common; found from April to May epiphytic on various algae.

*Polysiphonia urceolata (Lightfoot in Dillwyn) Greville

Conferva urceolata Lightfoot in Dillwyn, 1807:82.

Polysiphonia urceolata (Lightfoot in Dillwyn) Greville, 1824:309.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:788.—Güven and Östig,1971:126.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Kerkenna Island); Mediterranean (Greece, Turkey).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 20: 2063, 2071–2073(US), 2074(NHA), 2075(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April on rocks.

*Polysiphonia violacea (Roth) Greville in Harvey

Ceramium violaceum Roth, 1797:150.

Polysiphonia violacea (Roth) Greville in Harvey, 1849:209.—Funk, 1927:135.—Boergesen, 1930:87.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:225.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Kerkenna Island); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Italy, Sicily).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 19: 2032(US), 2033(NHA), 2034(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April epiphytic on various algae.

*Pterosiphonia complanata (Clemente) Falkenberg

Fucus complanatus Clemente, 1807:316.

Pterosiphonia complanata (Clemente) Falkenberg, 1901:271.—Gayral, 1958:484.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:150.—Ardre, 1970:192.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:219.

Polysiphonia complanata J. Agardh, 1863:933.—Bornet, 1892:317.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Monastir, Kerkenna Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain); Mediterranean (Greece).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 18: 1979–1981; 19: 2035–2037(US); 29: 2257(NHA), 2258(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found in January, April, June, and August epiphytic on various algae.

* Pterosiphonia pennata (C. Agardh) Falkenberg

Hutchinsia pennata C. Agardh, 1824:146.

Pterosiphonia pennata (C. Agardh) Falkenberg, 1901:263.—Funk, 1955:143.—Ardre, 1970:194.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:219.

Pterosiphonia pennata (Roth) Falkenberg, 1901:263.—Boergesen, 1930:108.—Feldmann, 1931b:244; 1937:277.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:277.—Aleem, 1951:252.—Gayral, 1958:488.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:150.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:85.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Algeria, Egypt).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1639–1646 (US), 1647(NHA), 1648(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Common; found year round on sandy substrate.

Rytiphloea tinctoria (Clemente) C. Agardh

Fucus tinctorius Clemente, 1807:316.

Rytiphloea tinctoria (Clemente) C. Agardh, 1824:160.—Bomet, 1892:302.—Muschler, 1910:308.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:8; 1914:290.—Funk, 1927:454.—Boergesen, 1930:116.—Feldmann, 1931b:245; 137:277.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:281.—Aleem, 1951:252.—Dao, 1957:173.—Gayral, 1958:498.—Edelstein, 1962:213; 1964:205.—Riedl, 1963:77.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:152.—Ardre, 1970:220.—Ben Alaya, 1970:21 l.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:788.—Güven and Östig, 1971:126.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:219.—Boudouresque and Ferret, 1977:86.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur, Raf Raf, Ile Plane, Gammarth, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Korbous, Kerkenna Island, Gabes, Djerba Island, Zarzis); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea.

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 1299; 6: 1373, 1374; 8: 1406; 11: 1549–1551; 12: 1630, 1631; 13: 1758–1760; 14: 1831; 21: 2104–2106; 22: 2118–2123, 25: 2206(US); 28: 2237(NHA); 29: 2260 (INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from February to July and from September to December on vertical surfaces of rocks; some specimens dredged from 15 to 23 m.

Vidalia volubilis (Linnaeus) J. Agardh

Fucus volubilis Linnaeus, 1759:1344.

Vidalia volubilis (Linnaeus) J. Agardh, 1863:1121.—Piccone, 1879:33; 1884:137.—Bornet, 1892:301.—Muschler, 1910:309.—DeToni and Forti, 1914:298.—Boergesen, 1930:116.—Feldmann, 1931b:245; 1937:277; 1961:508.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:282.—Funk, 1955:144.—Riedl, 1963:77.—Ben Alaya, 1970:21 l.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:788.—Güven and Öslig, 1971:126.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table IV.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:86.

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Gabes); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Libya).

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 22: 2124–2128 (US), 2129(NHA), 2130(INSTOP).

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in July; dredged from 37 to 47 m.

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