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SMITHONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES • NUMBER 14

Distribution of Recent
Benthic Foraminifera in
the Caribbean Region

Stephen J. Culver
and Martin A. Buzas

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS
City of Washington
1982

ABSTRACT

Culver, Stephen J., and Martin A. Buzas. Distribution of Recent Benthic Foraminifera in the Caribbean Region. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, number 14, 382 pages, 131 figures, 1982.—A computer file of all published distributional data (presence or absence) on the living and dead recent benthic foraminifera in the Caribbean region was constructed from 99 papers published since 1839. Manipulation of this file produced 5 catalogs and 131 maps.

Catalog 1 lists alphabetically species names with publication and locality information as recorded in the literature (i.e., unsynonymized). Catalog 2 lists synonymized species names with publication and locality information. Catalogs 3 and 4 list alphabetically all unsynonymized and synonymized species names, respectively. Catalog 5 lists synonymized names by increasing latitude and longitude.

During the past 140 years, 1868 names have been used to record benthic foraminifera in the Caribbean region. Through synonymization, this number was reduced to 1189, of which 130 occur at 13 or more of the 338 sample localities. Computer-generated maps were drawn for these 130 most commonly recorded species.

The majority of these species were assigned to a ubiquitous geographic distribution category and, because most samples are restricted to shallow shelf areas, to a shallow shelf depth distribution category. Only 14 species do not conform to these distribution patterns.

Because of the sample framework, no conclusions can be reached with regard to possible foraminiferal provincial subdivisions within the Caribbean region.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Seascape along the Atlantic Coast of eastern North America.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Culver, Stephen J.

Distribution of recent benthic foraminifera in the Caribbean region.

(Smithsonian contributions to the marine sciences ; no. 14)

Bibliography: p.

1.  Foraminifera—Caribbean area—Geographical distribution.    2. Protozoa—Geographical distribution.    3. Protozoa—Caribbean area—Geographical distribution.    I. Buzas, Martin A.    II. Title.    III. Series.

QL638.F6C84    593.1′204916365     81-16538    AACR2

Contents

Introduction

Methods

The Catalogs

The Maps

Acknowledgments

Discussion

Summary

Key to the Species on the Maps

Index to Publications That Illustrate Our Concept of the 130 Most Commonly Recorded Species

References

Catalog 1: Unsynonymized Species with Publication and Location

Catalog 2: Synonymized Species with Publication and Location

Catalog 3: Unsynonymized Species

Catalog 4: Synonymized Species

Catalog 5: Latitude and Longitude of Synonymized Species

Maps: Figures 1–131

Distribution of Recent
Benthic Foraminifera in
the Caribbean Region

Stephen J. Culver
and Martin A. Buzas

Stephen J. Culver, Department of Geophysical Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Va. 23508. Martin A. Buzas, Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

Introduction

Study of the recent benthic foraminifera in the Caribbean region began in 1839 when d’Orbigny published his classic work on the foraminifera of Cuba. Since then, many other workers have contributed papers on the taxonomy, distribution, and ecology of Caribbean benthic foraminifera. One hundred thirty-six papers concerning Caribbean region foraminifera were published between 1839 and 1979. This paper represents the first attempt to synthesize these data and is the third of a series including and summarizing all published data on the distribution of recent benthic foraminifera around North America. All published distributional data for the east coast is presented in Culver and Buzas (1980) and the results of subsequent analysis are given in Buzas and Culver (1980), Culver and Buzas (1981a; 1981b; 1982). Gulf of Mexico data are given in Culver and Buzas (1981c) and the preliminary results of analysis in Culver and Buzas (1981d; 1982).

The work presented here can be divided into three main parts. First, there is a references section consisting of (1) the 99 papers used in compiling the presence-absence data utilized by this study and (2) additional references that are cited in this paper. Second, there are five computer-generated catalogs listing every species ever recorded in publications on the Caribbean region. Third, there are computer-generated maps of the 130 most commonly recorded species together with a map showing all sample localities in the Caribbean region. Explanatory notes for the catalogs and maps can be found later in this introduction.

Following the format of our studies of the benthic foraminifera off the east coast of North America and in the Gulf of Mexico, we have included a key to our concept of each of the 130 most commonly recorded species of the Caribbean Region.

METHODS.—The computerization methods utilized in this work were the same as those described in detail in Culver and Buzas (1980). Of the 136 papers published on the benthic foraminifera of the Caribbean region, 99 contained data in a form enabling their incorporation in this study. All that was required was the name of one or more species (living or dead) and the locality where found. The information typed into the basic compilation file consisted of (1) author of publication, (2) date of publication, (3) generic name used in publication, (4) specific name used in publication, (5) locality, (6) latitude and longitude. (Note: because of poor printout, some zeros in Catalog 1 appear to be “C’s.”)

When numerous sample sites of a particular study were in very close proximity they were summarized by a single or several representative localities. Thus, all species recorded in the sampled area were considered to have been found at the representative points. In a very few cases, where no detailed locality information was given, a point was arbitrarily chosen to be representative for the records in question. Modification and sorting of this basic data file resulted in the production of five catalogs that are described below. The 131 maps in this publication are also computer generated and were drawn on a Calcomp Plotter.

THE CATALOGS.—Five catalogs are included in this section and are designed to enable the reader to have rapid access to all published distributional data on recent benthic foraminifera in the Caribbean region. Catalog 1 lists (alphabetically by binomen) all the records of every species ever recorded in the study area and also includes publication and locality information. This catalog contains almost 7000 entries and approximately 35,000 pieces of information. Catalog 2 is the synonymized version of Catalog 1. This list is identical to Catalog 1 except that generic and specific names have been changed where necessary. To aid referral between Catalog 1 and 2, line numbers starting at 10001 are included at the lefthand margin of the files. Thus, for example, it can be seen that Trifarina bella from SW Puerto Rico (Catalog 2, line 10280) was originally recorded (Seiglie, 1975) as Angulogerina bella (Catalog 1, line 10280).

Catalogs 3 and 4 aid rapid use of the first two catalogs. Catalog 3 is an alphabetized list of the 1868 taxa that have been recorded in the Caribbean region. Catalog 4 lists alphabetically the 1189 species recorded in this area after synonymization achieved by reference to published illustrations and specimens lodged in the USNM collections (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution) and the British Museum (Natural History) collections. Catalogs 3 and 4, therefore, are derived directly from Catalogs 1 and 2 respectively.

Catalog 5 is intended for the researcher interested in specific areas. This catalog contains alphabetized lists of synonymized species for each locality (localities are listed by increasing latitude and longitude). If, in the case of a synonymized species, the investigator questions the generic or specific name used, he can refer to Catalogs 1 and 2 to find the original name used by the author of the publication in which that species was recorded.

THE MAPS.—One hundred thirty-one computer-generated maps are included in this section and, like the catalogs, are provided as a reference tool for use in distributional studies of recent benthic foraminifera. Figure 1 illustrates the distribution of all the 338 sample localities included in this study. The 183 m and 1830 m submarine contours roughly approximate the edge of the continental shelf and the bottom of the continental slope, respectively. The distribution of the sample localities must be taken into account when examining the maps illustrating the distributions of species.

Figures 2–131 are computer-generated maps of the 130 most commonly recorded species. These are species that have been recorded 13 times or more, or at approximately 4% or more of the 338 localities: the figure of 4% was chosen arbitrarily to achieve conformity with the studies of the Atlantic continental margin of North America and the Gulf of Mexico (Culver and Buzas, 1980; 1981c) where maps were drawn also for those species that have been recorded at approximately 4% or more of the localities in question. The maps are arranged alphabetically by genera and by species within each genus.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—We thank Dante Piacesi and Ken McCormick for their considerable efforts in the computer production of this work. Angela Lanham contributed invaluable library research and secretarial services. C. G. Adams kindly allowed access to British Museum (Natural History) collections.

Discussion

The main purpose of this publication is to present all the published distributional data of the recent benthic foraminifera in the Caribbean region. A total of 1868 taxa have been recorded in the Caribbean region from 338 localities. Synonymization reduced this number to 1189. Of these 1189 species, 130 occurred at 13 or more of the 338 localities; that is, only 11% of the species occur at 4% or more of the sample localities. In other words, the vast majority of species are rare.

Figure 1 (“All Localities”) shows that study of recent benthic foraminifera in the Caribbean region has been uneven in its emphasis. The vast majority of localities are restricted to coastal or shallow shelf areas. Indeed, samples off the Venezuela shelf around 68°W that appear to be at slope depths are in fact shallow-water samples from round such islands as Aruba, Curacao, Bonaire, Los Roques. These islands were too small to be digitized. The same applies to other apparently deeper-water records south of Jamaica and off the Nicaraguan shelf. The deepest parts of the Caribbean Sea, until now, have been virgin territory for benthic foraminiferal studies; however, reports are being prepared on the Grenada and Venezuela Basin foraminifera (B. Sen Gupta, pers. comm.).

We attempted to arrange the 130 most commonly recorded species into depth and geographic distribution categories by visual examination of their maps (compare Culver and Buzas, 1980; 1981c). The sampling framework, however, precluded any recognizable patterns from emerging. The vast majority of species could be assigned to ubiquitous geographic and shallow shelf depth distributions. There are 14 exceptions:

Bolivina pseudoplicata (Figure 15), records restricted to the eastern Caribbean

Bulimina aculeata (Figure 21), most records between approximately 200 and 2000 m in the eastern Caribbean

Bulimina marginata (Figure 22), some slope records off Venezuela in addition to shallow shelf occurrences

Cassidulina subglobosa (Figure 25), recorded at shelf and slope localities around the Caribbean

Cibicides pseudoungerianus (Figure 27), recorded at shelf and slope localities around the Caribbean

Dentalina communis (Figure 32), some slope records in the eastern Caribbean in addition to shallow shelf occurrences

Hanzawaia concentrica (Figure 47), two slope records off Venezuela in additional to shallow shelf occurrences

Hoeglundina elegans (Figure 51), several slope records in the eastern Caribbean

Nodobaculariella mexicana (Figure 62), recorded only in the northern Caribbean

Robertinoides bradyi (Figure 95), most records between approximately 200 and 2000 m in the eastern Caribbean

Spirillina vivipara (Figure 108), some slope records off Venezuela in addition to shallow shelf occurrences

Textularia calva (Figure 114), some slope records off Cuba in addition to shallow shelf occurrences

Textulariella barrettii (Figure 117), records restricted to the eastern Caribbean with the exception of one Jamaican record

Uvigerina peregrina (Figure 130), records restricted to the eastern Caribbean between 0 and 2000 m

Just as the investigation of depth and geographic distribution of individual species in the Caribbean region is hampered by the concentration of sample sites on the continental shelf, so is the investigation of marine zoogeographic provinces. Several provincial schemes have been proposed for the Caribbean-Gulf of Mexico region based on macrofaunal data. One scheme (Hall, 1964) includes the Caribbean and the whole Gulf of Mexico in a single Caribbean Province, while another scheme (Hedgpeth, 1953; Rehder, 1954; Warmke and Abbott, 1961) includes only the southern half of the Gulf of Mexico (plus the southern tip of Florida) with the Caribbean region in a Caribbean Province. Briggs (1974) suggested further subdivision by separating the West Indian islands from the Caribbean Province as the West Indian Province.

Recent benthic foraminiferal provincial schemes for the eastern continental margin of North America (Buzas and Culver, 1980) and for the Gulf of Mexico (Culver and Buzas, 1981 d) differ from macrofaunal provinces. Elucidation of foraminiferal provinces in the whole Caribbean-Gulf of Mexico area is dependent upon close comparison of the foraminiferal faunas and will be the subject of a future publication. For the present it can be noted that foraminiferal species diversity is much higher in the Caribbean region than in the Gulf of Mexico (1189 species versus 848 species respectively).

Summary

1. All published data on the distribution of recent benthic foraminifera in the Caribbean region are presented in the form of 5 catalogs and 131 maps.

2. 1868 taxa have been recorded in the area of study.

3. The taxa have been reduced to 1189 by synonymization.

4. Of the 1189 synonymized species, 130 occur at 13 or more of the sample locations; that is, 11% of the species occur at 4% or more of the 338 sample localities.

5. The restriction of most sample sites to shelf areas results in the majority of the 130 most commonly recorded species having a shallow shelf depth distribution.

6. Most of these 130 species have a ubiquitous geographic distribution in the Caribbean region.

7. Fourteen species exhibit distributions that differ from the norm.

8. The relationship between the Caribbean region and the Gulf of Mexico in terms of foraminiferal zoogeography awaits further study.

9. Foraminiferal species diversity is higher in the Caribbean region (1189 species) than in the Gulf of Mexico (848 species) or on the eastern continental margin of North America (876 species).

Key to the Species on the Maps

Following Culver and Buzas (1980; 1981c) we list below a key to our concept of the 130 most commonly recorded species in the Caribbean region. Genera are listed alphabetically as are the species within each genus. Under each species, the reference or references are given where the reader can find published illustrations that adequately convey our concept of each of the commonly recorded species in this study. Many of the 130 species were also included in the keys to commonly recorded species for the east coast of North America and for the Gulf of Mexico (Culver and Buzas, 1980; 1981c); the references given here for these species are generally the same.

INDEX TO PUBLICATIONS THAT ILLUSTRATE OUR CONCEPT OF THE 130 MOST COMMONLY RECORDED SPECIES

Ammobaculites exiguus Cushman and Bronnimann: Ellison and Nichols, 1970:15, pl. 2: fig. 6 [as Ammobaculites cf. A. exiguus].

Ammonia beccarii (Linné): Schnitker, 1974:217–223, pl. 1.

Amphisorus hemprichii Ehrenberg: Cushman, 1930:51, pl. 18: figs. 5–7.

Amphistegina gibbosa d’Orbigny: d’Orbigny, 1839:120, pl. 8: figs. 1–3. Crouch and Poag, 1979:91–92, pls. 1–4.

Archaias angulatus (Fichtel and Moll): Cushman, 1930:46, pl. 16: figs. 1–3, pl. 17: figs. 3–5.

Archaias compressus (d’Orbigny): Sen Gupta and Schafer, 1973:357, pl. 1: fig. 13 [as Cyclorbiculina compressa].

Articulina sagra d’Orbigny: Todd and Low, 1971:C10, pl. 1: fig. 9.

Astengerina carinata d’Orbigny: Cushman, 1931:77, pl. 15: figs. 4, 5.

Bigenerina irregularis Phleger and Parker: Phleger and Parker, 1951:4, pl. 1: figs. 16–21.

Bigenerina textularioidea (Goës): Goës, 1894:41, pl. 8: figs. 387–399 [as Clavulina textularioidea]. Parker, 1954:492, pl. 3: figs. 4, 5.

Biloculinella eburnea (d’Orbigny): Todd and Low, 1971:C11, pl. 2: fig. 7.

Bolivina goësii Cushman: Cushman, 1922b:34, pl. 6: fig. 5.

Bolivina lowmani Phleger and Parker: Phleger and Parker, 1951:13, pl. 6: figs. 20a,b, 21.

Bolivina pseudoplicata Heron-Allen and Earland: Schnitker, 1971:194, pl. 4: fig. 23.

Bolivina striatula Cushman: Cushman, 1944b:29, pl. 4: figs. 4, 5.

Bolivina subexcavata Cushman and Wickenden: Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:76, pl. 2: figs. 11–22.

Bolivina variabilis (Williamson): Sellier de Civrieux, 1976a:26, pl. 24: figs. 1–9.

Bolivinita rhomboidalis (Millett): Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:74, pl. 2: figs. 3, 4.

Borelis pulchra (d’Orbigny): Cushman, 1930:55, pl. 15: figs. 9, 10.

Bulimina aculeata d’Orbigny: Cushman, 1922b:96, pl. 22: figs. 1, 2.

Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny: Schnitker, 1971:194, pl. 5: fig. 5.

Buliminella elegantissima (d’Orbigny): Schnitker, 1971:194, pl. 4: fig. 17.

Cancris sagra (d’Orbigny): Schnitker, 1971:194, pl. 6: fig. 5.

Cassidulina subglobosa Brady: Parker, 1948, pl. 6: fig. 3a,b.

Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob): Sen Gupta, 1971:89, pl. 2: figs. 34–36.

Cibicides pseudoungerianus (Cushman): Cushman, 1931:123, pl. 22: figs. 3–7 [as Cibicides pseudoungeriana].

Clavulina tricarinata d’Orbigny: Cushman, 1922a:29, pl. 3: fig. 3.

Cyclogyra involvens (Reuss): Schafer and Cole, 1978:27, pl. 7: fig. 6a,b.

Cymbaloporetta squammosa (d’Orbigny): Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:101, pl. 8: figs. 1–3.

Dendritina elegans (d’Orbigny): Hofker, 1964:56, figs. 149–155.

Dentalina communis (d’Orbigny): Cushman, 1920:75, pl. 12: figs. 3, 4, 15–17 [as Nodosaria communis].

Discorbis granulosa (Heron-Allen and Earland): Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:82, pl. 3: figs. 11–13.

Discorbis mira Cushman: Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:82, pl. 3: figs. 14–16.

Discorbis rosea (d’Orbigny): d’Orbigny, 1839:72, pl. 3: figs. 9–11 [as Rolalina (Rotalma) rosea]. Sen Gupta and Schafer, 1973:357, pl. 2: figs. 12, 13 [as Discorbis roseus].

Elphidium advenum (Cushman): Schnitker, 1971:198, pl. 7: fig. 2.

Elphidium discoidale (d’Orbigny): Schnitker, 1971:198, pl. 7: fig. 6 [as Elphidiella sp., cf. E. Mexicana].

Elphidium excavatum (Terquem): Cushman, 1930:20, pl. 7: fig. 10a,b [as Elphidium incertum var. clavatum]. Buzas, 1966:585–594, pl. 71: figs. 1–8 [as Elphidium clavatum]. Schnitker, 1971:198, pl. 7: fig. 4 [as Elphidium incertum].

Elphidium lanieri (d’Orbigny): Cushman, 1921:61, pl. 14: figs. 12, 13 [as Polystomella lanieri].

Elphidium poeyanum (d’Orbigny): Loeblich and Tappan, 1964:C635, fig. 508(3, 4) [as Cribroelphidium poeyanum].

Elphidium sagrum (d’Orbigny): Cushman, 1930:24, pl. 9: figs. 5–6.

Eponides antillarum (d’Orbigny): Cushman, 1931:42, pl. 9: fig. 2a,c.

Eponides repandus (Fichtel and Moll): Phleger and Parker, 1951:21, pl. 11: figs. 5, 6.

Fursenkoina pontoni (Cushman): Phleger and Parker, 1951:19, pl. 9: figs. 9, 10 [as Virgulina pontoni].

Fursenkoina punctata (d’Orbigny): Parker, 1954:513, pl. 7: fig. 11 [as Virgulina punctata].

Gypsina vesicularis (Parker and Jones): Brady, 1884:718, pl. 101: figs. 9–12.

Hanzawaia concentrica (Cushman): Cushman, 1931:120, pl. 21: figs. 4, 5, pl. 22: figs. 1, 2 [as Cibicides concentrica].

Hauerina bradyi Cushman: Brady, 1884:190, pl. 11: figs. 12, 13 [as Hauenna compressa].

Hauenna occidentalis Cushman: Cushman, 1946:9, pl. 1: figs. 22–24.

Heterostegina antillarum d’Orbigny, 1839:122, pl. 7: figs. 24–25. Hofker, 1964:113, fig. 273a–c.

Hoeglundina elegans (d’Orbigny): Schnitker, 1971:204, pl. 10:fig. 15.

Homotrema rubrum (Lamarck): Hofker, 1964:85, figs. 220–221.

Karreriella bradyi (Cushman): Cushman, 1922b:74, pl. 12: fig. 8 [as Gaudrina bradyi].

Liebusella soldanii (Jones and Parker): Brady, 1884:318, pl. 32: figs. 12, 14–18 [as Haplosliche soldanii].

Massilina gualtieriana (d’Orbigny): Hofker, 1976:125, fig. 121.

Miliolinella fichteliana (d’Orbigny): Brooks, 1973, pl. 8: figs. 17–18.

Miliolinella labiosa (d’Orbigny): Cushman, 1929:60, pl. 15: figs. 2, 3 [as Triloculina labws].

Miliolinella subrotunda (Montagu): Brooks, 1973, pl. 8: figs. 6, 9. Brady, 1884:169, pl. 4: fig. 3, pl. 5: figs. 13, 14 [as Miliolina circularis].

Monalysidium politum Chapman: Brady, 1884:205, pl. 13: figs. 24, 25(?) [as Peneroplis lituus].Cushman, 1930:44, pl. 15:figs. 11, 12.

Neoconorbina terquemi (Rzehak): Schnitker, 1971:206, pl. 5: fig. 16.

Nodobaculariella cassis (d’Orbigny): d’Orbigny, 1839:51, pl. 7: figs. 14, 15 [as Vertebralina cassis]. Parker, 1954:501, pl. 5:fig. 8.

Nodobaculariella mexicana (Cushman): Cushman, 1922a:70, pl. 11: figs. 7, 8 [as Articulina Mexicana].

Nodobaculariella mucronata (d’Orbigny): Cushman, 1944a: 12, pl. 2: figs. 11–18 [as Articulina mucronata].

Nonionella atlantica Cushman: Cushman, 1947:90, pl. 30: figs. 4, 5.

Nonionella grateloupi (d’Orbigny): Schnitker, 1971:206, pl. 10: fig. 6 [as Nonion grateloupi].

Patellina corrugata Williamson: Schnitker, 1971:206, pl. 6: fig. 12.

Peneroplis bradyi Cushman: Cushman, 1930:40, pl. 14: figs. 8–10.

Peneroplis cannatus d’Orbigny: Cushman, 1930:36, pl. 12: figs. 7–10, pl. 14: fig. 1.

Peneroplis discoideus Flint: Cushman, 1930:41, pl. 15: figs. 6–8.

Peneroplis pertusus (Forskål): Cushman, 1930:35, pl. 12: figs. 3–6.

Peneroplis proteus d’Orbigny: Cushman, 1930:37, pl. 13: figs. 1–7.

Planorbulina acervalis Brady: Brady, 1884:657, pl. 92: fig. 4. Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:100, pl. 7: figs. 19–21 [as Planorbulinella acervalis].

Planorbulina mediterranensis d’Orbigny: Schnitker, 1971:206, pl. 9: fig. 11.

Pyrgo denticulata (Brady): Brady, 1884:143, pl. 3: figs. 4, 5 [as Biloculina ringens var. denticulate].

Pyrgo subsphaenca (d’Orbigny): Schnitker, 1971:208, pl. 3: fig. 5.

Quinqueloculina agglutinans d’Orbigny: d’Orbigny, 1839:195, pl. 12: figs. 11–13.

Quinqueloculina angulata (Williamson): Brooks, 1973, pl. 6: figs. 13, 18.

Quinqueloculina biocostata d’Orbigny: Phleger and Parker, 1951:7, pl. 3: fig. 15a,b.

Quinqueloculina bidentata d’Orbigny: Cushman, 1921:65, pl. 15: figs. 11, 12. Sen Gupta and Schafer, 1973:359, pl. 1:fig. 3.

Quinqueloculina bosciana d’Orbigny: Schnitker, 1971:208, pl. 2: fig. 13.

Quinqueloculina bradyana Cushman: Cushman, 1917:52, pl. 18: fig. 2a–c.

Quinqueloculina candeiana d’Orbigny: d’Orbigny, 1839:170, pl. 12: figs. 24–26. Sen Gupta and Schafer, 1973:359, pl. 1: fig. 4.

Quinqueloculina cuvieriana d’Orbigny: Cushman, 1921:66, pl. 16: figs. 1, 2.

Quinqueloculina lamarckiana d’Orbigny: Schnitker, 1971:208, pl. 3: fig. 16.

Quinqueloculina poeyana d’Orbigny: Schnitker, 1971:208, pl. 2, fig. 17.

Quinqueloculina polygona d’Orbigny: Parker, 1954:497, pl. 4: figs. 7, 8.

Quinqueloculina seminula (Linné): Sen Gupta, 1971:85, pl. 1: figs. 25–27.

Quinqueloculina subpoeyana Cushman: Bermudez and Seiglie, 1963:141, pl. 9: fig. 6.

Quinqueloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny: Cushman, 1921:68, pl. 16: figs. 11, 12.

Rectobolivina advena (Cushman): Schnitker, 1971:208, pl. 4: fig. 26.

Rectobolivina limbata (Brady): Brady, 1884:419, pl. 52: figs. 26–28 [as Bolivina limbata]. Sellier de Civrieux, 1976a:29, pl. 28: figs. 2–12 [as Loxostomina limbata].

Rectobolivina mayori (Cushman): Cushman, 1922a:27, pl. 3: figs. 5–6 [as Bolivina mayori]. Sellier de Civrieux, 1976a:30, pl. 29: figs. 4–10 [as Loxostomina mayori].

Rectobolivina raphana (Parker and Jones): Cushman, 1922a:35, pl. 5: fig. 5 [as Siphogenerina raphanus]. Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:80, pl. 3: figs. 1, 2 [as Rectobolivina raphana?].

Reussella atlantica (Cushman): Schnitker, 1971:210, pl. 5: fig. 8.

Robertinoides bradyi (Cushman and Parker): Parker, 1954:510, pl. 6: fig. 18 [as Robertina bradyi].

Rosalina advena (Cushman): Cushman, 1931:13, pl. 2: fig. 8a–c [as Discorbis advena]. Todd and Bronnimann, 1957:38, pl. 11: fig. 2a,b [as Streblus advenus].

Rosalina bahamaensis Todd and Low: Todd and Low, 1971:C14, pl. 3: fig. 2a–c. Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:85, pl. 4: figs. 1–3 [as Rosalina candeiana].

Rosalina floridana (Cushman): Schnitker, 1971:210, pl. 5: fig. 19.

Rosalina floridensis (Cushman): Parker, 1954:525, pl. 8: figs. 28, 29.

Rosalina globularis d’Orbigny: Cushman, 1931:22, pl. 4: fig. 9a–c [as Discorbis globularis].

Rosalina subaraucana (Cushman): Cushman, 1922a:41, pl. 7: figs. 1, 2 [as Discorbis subaraucana]. Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:86, pl. 4: figs. 13–15.

Rosalina valvulata d’Orbigny: Cushman, 1931:33, pl. 7: fig. 3a–c [as Discorbis valvulala].

Sagrina pulchella d’Orbigny: Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:81, pl. 3: figs. 3–6.

Scutuloris dilatala (d’Orbigny): Cushman, 1921:67, pl. 16: figs. 5, 6 [as Quinqueloculina dilatala].

Sigmavirgulina tortuosa (Brady): Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:103, pl. 8: figs. 9–12.

Siphonina pulchra Cushman: Phleger and Parker, 1951:24, pl. 12: fig. 15a,b.

Sorites marginalis (Lamarck): Cushman, 1930:49, pl. 18: figs. 1–4.

Spirillina vivipara Ehrenberg: Cushman, 1931:3, pl. 1: figs. 1–4.

Spriolina acicularis (Batsch): Bermudez and Seiglie, 1963:160, pl. 15: figs. 7, 8.

Spiroloculina antillarum d’Orbigny: Cushman, 1921:63, pl. 14: figs. 14, 15. Cushman, 1941a:4, pl. 1: figs. 12–15.

Spiroloculina arenata Cushman: Cushman, 1929:44, pl. 9: fig. 5a,b.

Spiroplectammina floridana (Cushman): Phleger and Parker, 1951:4, pl. 1: figs. 25, 26.

Textularia agglutinans d’Orbigny: Todd and Bronnimann, 1957:24, pl. 2: fig. 13.

Textularia calva Lalicker: Lalicker and Bermudez, 1941:7, pl. 2: figs. 2, 3.

Textularia candeiana d’Orbigny: Schnitker, 1971:212, pl. 1: fig. 10.

Textularia conica d’Orbigny: Schnitker, 1971:212, pl. 1: fig. 11.

Textulariella barrettii (Jones and Parker): Cushman, 1922b:20, pl. 3: figs. 3–6 [as Textularia barrettii]. Parker, 1954:491, pl. 2: fig. 11.

Trichohyalus aguayot (Bermudez): Todd and Bronnimann, 1957:37, pl. 9: fig. 24a–c [as Discorbis? aguayoi]. Bermudez and Seiglie, 1963:176, pl. 26: fig. 4a,b.

Triloculina bicarinata d’Orbigny: Bermudez and Seiglie, 1963:178, pl. 10: figs. 4, 5.

Triloculina carinata d’Orbigny: Cushman, 1929:65, pl. 17: fig. 4.

Triloculina linneiana d’Orbigny: Cushman, 1929:61, pl. 16: figs. 1, 2.

Triloculina oblonga (Montagu): Todd and Bronnimann, 1957:27, pl. 3: figs. 15, 16.

Triloculina planciana d’Orbigny: Cushman, 1921:70, pl. 17: figs. 7, 8. Cushman, 1929:62, pl. 15: figs. 5, 6.

Triloculina quadrilateralis d’Orbigny: Brooks, 1973, pl. 2: figs. 10–12.

Triloculina rotunda d’Orbigny: Cushman, 1929:59, pl. 14: fig. 3a–c.

Triloculina transversestriata (Brady): Bermudez and Seiglie, 1963:181, pl. 12: fig. 7a–c.

Triloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny: Parker 1954–500, pl. 4: fig. 22.

Triloculina trigonula (Lamarck): Schnitker, 1971–212, pl. 3: fig. 11.

Trochammina inflata (Montagu): Parker, 1952:459, pl. 3: fig. 1a,b.

Uvigerina peregrina Cushman: Cushman, 1923:166, pl. 42: figs. 7–10. Pflum and Frerichs, 1976:108, pl. 8: figs. 2, 3 [as Uvigerina peregrina peregrine].

Valvulina oviedoiana d’Orbigny: Cushman, 1922a:29, pl. 2: figs. 7, 8.

References

(An asterisk marks each of the 99 publications from which distribution data were drawn for construction of the catalogs)

Acosta, J. T.

* 1939. Quinqueloculina torrei, un nuevo foraminífero de la costa de Cuba. Torreia, 1:1–3.

* 1940a. Nuevos foraminíferos de la costa sur de Cuba. Torreia, 3:25–26.

* 1940b. Triloculina bermudezi, un nuevo foraminífero de las Islas Bahamas. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural, 14(1):37–38.

* 1940c. Algunos foraminíferos nuevos de las costas Cubanas. Torreia, 5:30–6.

* 1940d. Nuevos foraminíferos de la costa sur de Cuba. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural, 14(4):269–276.

Bandy, O. L.

* 1964. Foraminiferal Biofacies in Sediments of the Gulf of Batabano, Cuba and Their Geologic Significance. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 48(10):1666–1676.

Bermudez, P. J.

* 1934. Un Género y especie nueva de foraminíferos vivients de Cuba. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural, 8(2):83–86.

* 1935. Foraminíferos de los costas norte de Cuba. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural, 9(3):129–224.

* 1937. Foraminíferos recientes colectados por el Dr. Luis Howell Rivero en Jamaica. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural, 11(4):249–252.

* 1939a. Resultados de la primera expedición en las Antillas del ketch Atlantis bajo los auspicios de las Universidades de Harvard y Habana, nuevo género y especies nuevas de foraminíferos. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural, 13(1):9–12.

* 1939b. Flintina clenchi, un nuevo foraminífero de Puerto Plata, Santo Domingo. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural, 13(3):199–200.

* 1939c. Resultados de la primera expedición en las Antillas del ketch Atlantis bajo los auspicios de las Universidades de Harvard y Habana, nuevo género y especies nuevas de foraminíferos. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural, 13(4):247–252.

* 1939d. Resultados de la primera expedición en las Antillas de ketch Atlantis bajo los auspicios de las Universidades de Harvard y Habana, foraminéferos del género Recurvoides, descripción de una especie nueva. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural, 13(2):57–62.

* 1956. Foraminíferos recientes de Los Roques, Venezuela. In El Archipelago de Los Roques y La Orchila, pages 173–183. Caracas: Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle.

Bermudez, P. J., and J. T. Acosta

* 1940. Resultados de la primera expedición en las Antillas del ketch Atlantis bajo los auspicios de las Universidades de Harvard y Habana, nuevas especies de foraminíferos recientes. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural, 14(1):55–58.

Bermudez, P. J., and C. E. Key

* 1952. Tres géneros nuevos de foraminíferos de las familias Reophacidae y Valvulinidae. Memorias de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales la Salle, 12(31):71–76.

Bermudez, P. J., and G. A. Seiglie

* 1963. Estudio sistemático de los foraminíferos del Golfo de Cariaco. Boletin del Instituto Oceanografico de la Universidad de Oriente, 2(2):1–267.

Bock, W. D., and D. R. Moore

* 1971. The Foraminifera and Micromollusks of Hogsty Reef and Serrana Bank and Their Paleoecological Significance. In Transactions of the Fifth Caribbean Geologic Conference, Geologic Bulletin, 5:143–146.

Brady, H. B.

* 1884. Report on the Foraminifera Collected by H. M. S. Challenger, during the Years 1873–1876. In Report…Challenger, Zoology, 9(22): xxi + 814 pages, 115 plates. London.

Brasier, M. D.

* 1975a. Ecology of Recent Sediment-dwelling and Phytal Foraminifera from the Lagoons of Barbuda, West Indies. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 5(1):42–62.

* 1975b. The Ecology and Distribution of Recent Foraminifera from Reefs and Shoals around Barbuda, West Indies. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 5(3):193–210.

Briggs, J. C.

1974. Marine Zoogeography. 475 pages. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Broeck, E. van den

* 1876. Étude sur les foraminifères de le Barbade (Antilles). Annales de la Société Belge de Microscopie, 2:1–100.

Brooks, W. W.

* 1973. Distribution of Recent Foraminifera from the Southern Coast of Puerto Rico. Micropaleontology, 19(4):385–416.

Buzas, M. A.

1966. The Discrimination of Morphological Groups of Elphidium (Foraminifer) in Long Island Sound through Canonical Analysis and Invariant Characters. Journal of Paleontology, 40(3):585–594.

Buzas, M. A., and S. J. Culver

1980. Foraminifera: Distribution of Provinces in the Western North Atlantic. Science, 209:687–689.

Buzas, M. A., R. K. Smith, and K. A. Beem

* 1977. Ecology and Systematics of Foraminifera in Two Thalassia Habitats, Jamaica, West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 31:1–139.

Cebulski, D. E.

* 1961. Distribution of Foraminifera in the Barrier Reef and Lagoon of British Honduras. Texas A & M Department of Oceanography and Meteorology, Technical Report, 24(61–12T):1–98.

* 1969. Foraminiferal Populations and Faunas in the Barrier Reef Tract and Lagoon, British Honduras. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir, 11:311–328.

Cole, W. S.

* 1965. Structure and Classification of Some Recent and Fossil Peneroplids. Bulletin of American Paleontology, 49(219):1–37.

Crouch, R. W., and C. W. Poag

1979. Amphistegina gibbosa d’Orbigny from the California Borderlands: The Caribbean Connection. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 9(2):85–105.

Culver, S. J., and M. A. Buzas

1980. Distribution of Recent Benthic Foraminifera off the North American Atlantic Coast. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 6:1–512.

1981a. Recent Benthic Foraminiferal Provinces on the Atlantic Continental Margin of North America. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 11:217–240.

1981b. Distribution of Selected Recent Benthic Foraminiferal Genera in the Western North Atlantic, In, J. W. Neale and M. D. Brasier, editors, Microfossils from Recent and Fossil Shelf Seas, pages 336–349. Chichester, England: Ellis Horwood.

1981c. Distribution of Recent Benthic Foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 8, 2 volumes, 898 pages.

1981d. Foraminifera: Distribution of Provinces in the Gulf of Mexico. Nature, 290:328–329.

1982. Recent Benthic Foraminiferal Provinces between Newfoundland and Yucatan. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 93:269–277.

Cushman, J. A.

1917. A Monograph of the Foraminifera of the North Pacific Ocean, Part 6: Miliolidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 71(6):1–108.

* 1918. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, Part 1: Astrorhizidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 104(1):1–111.

* 1920. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, Part 2: Lituolidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 104(2):1–111.

* 1921. Foraminifera from the North Coast of Jamaica. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 59(2360):47–82.

1922a. Shallow Water Foraminifera of the Tortugas Region. Carnegie Institute of Washington, 17(311):3–85.

* 1922b. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, Part 3: Textulariidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 104(3):1–149.

* 1923. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, Part 4:Lagenidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 104(4):1–228.

* 1924. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, Part 5:Chilostomellidae and Globigerinidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 104(5):1–55.

* 1926. Recent Foraminifera from Puerto Rico. Carnegie Institute of Washington, 23(344):73–84.

* 1929. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, Part 6: Miliolidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 104(6):1–129.

* 1930. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, Part 7: Nonionidae, Camerinidae, Peneroplidae, and Alveolinellidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 104(7):1–79.

* 1931. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, Part 8: Rotaliidae, Amphisteginidae, Calcarinidae, Cymbaloporettidae, Globorotaliidae, Anomalinidae, Planorbulinidae, Rupertiidae, and Homotremidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 104(8):1–179.

* 1941a. Recent Foraminifera from Old Providence Island Collected on the Presidential Cruise of 1938, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 99(9):1–14.

* 1941b. A Study of the Foraminifera Contained in Cores from Bartlett Deep. American Journal of Science, 239(2):128–147.

1944a, The Genus Articulina and Its Species. Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 10:1–21.

1944b. Foraminifera from the Shallow-Water of the New England Coast. Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 12:1–37.

1946. The Genus Hauerina and Its Species. Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, 22(1):2–15.

1947. New Species and Varieties of Foraminifera from off the Southeastern Coast of the United States. Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, 23(4):86–92.

Cushman, J. A., and P. Bronnimann

* 1948a. Some New Genera and Species of Foraminifera from Brackish Water of Trinidad. Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, 24(1):15–21.

* 1948b. Additional New Species of Arenaceous Foraminifera from Shallow Waters of Trinidad. Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, 24(2):37–42.

d’Orbigny. See Orbigny, A. d’

Drooger, C. W., and J. P. H. Kaasschieter

* 1958. Foraminifera of the Orinoco–Trinidad–Paria Shelf. In Tj. van Andel and H. Postma, editors, Reports of the Orinoco Shelf Expedition. Verhandelingen Der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Natuurkunde, 22: 108 pages.

Ellison, R. L., and M. M. Nichols

1970. Estuarine Foraminifera from the Rappahannock River, Virginia. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 21(1):1–17.

Flint, J. M.

* 1900. The Foraminifera of Porto Rico. United States Bureau of Fisheries, Bulletin, 484:413–416.

Goës, A.

* 1882. On the Reticularian Rhizopoda of the Caribbean Sea. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien Akademiens Handlingar, 19(4):1–151.

1894. A Synopsis of the Arctic and Scandinavian Recent Marine Foraminifera Hitherto Discovered. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 25(9):1–127.

Hall, C. A.

1964. Shallow-Water Marine Climates and Molluscan Provinces. Ecology, 45:226–234.

Hedberg, H. D.

* 1934. Some Recent and Fossil Brackish to Freshwater Foraminifera. Journal of Paleontology, 8(4):469–476.

Hedgpeth, J. W.

1953. An Introduction to Zoogeography of the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico with Reference to the Invertebrate Fauna. Institute of Marine Science, University of Texas, Publication, 3(1):111–224.

Hofker, J., Sr.

* 1956. Foraminifera Dentata: Foraminifera of Santa Cruz and Thatch-Island, Virginia Archipalago, West Indies. Universitets Zoologiske Museum, Kobenhavn, 15:1–237.

* 1964. Foraminifera from the Tidal Zone in the Netherlands Antilles and Other West Indian Islands. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands, 21(39):1–119.

* 1969. Recent Foraminifera from Barbados. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and Other Caribbean Islands, 83(31):1–158.

* 1971. The Foraminifera of Piscadera Bay, Curaçao, Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and Other Caribbean Islands, 127(35): 1–62.

* 1976. Further Studies on Caribbean Foraminifera. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and Other Caribbean Islands, 49(162):1–256.

Illing, M. A.

* 1950. The Mechanical Distribution of Recent Foraminifera in the Bahama Banks Sediments. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 3(33): 757–761.

* 1952. Distribution of Certain Foraminifera within the Littoral Zone on the Bahama Banks. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5(51):275–285.

Jones, T. R., and W. K. Parker

* 1876. Notice sur les foraminifères vivants y fossiles de la Jamaique. Annules de la Société Malacologique de Belgique, 11:91–103.

Kruit, C.

* 1954. Microfauna: Recent Sediments of the Gulf of Paria. In Tj. van Andel and H. Postma, editors, Reports of the Orinoco Shelf Expedition, Volume 1. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Naturkunde, 20(5):117–134.

Lalicker, C. G., and P. J. Bermudez

* 1941. Some Foraminifera of the Family Textulariidae Collected by the First Atlantic Expedition. Torreia, 8:1–19.

Loeblich, A. L., Jr., and H. Tappan

1964. Sarcodina Chiefly “Thecamoebans” and Foraminiferida. In Raymond C. Moore, editor, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, C(1–2): 900 pages. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press for Geological Society of America.

Marshall, P. R.

* 1976. Some Relationships between Living and Total Foraminiferal Faunas on Pedro Bank, Jamaica. In C. T. Schafer and B. R. Pelletier, editors, First International Symposium on Benthonic Foraminifera of Continental Margins, Part A: Ecology and Biology. Maritime Sediments, Special Publication, 1:61–70.

Miro, M. D. de

* 1965. Comparación de la fauna de foraminíferos de los sedimentos de la Fosa de Cariaco con la del area oceanica adyacente. Memorias de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales la Salle, 25(72):225–236.

Norton, R.

* 1930. Ecologic Relations of Some Foraminifera. Bulletin of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography, Technical Series, 2(9):331–388.

Orbigny, A. d’

* 1839. Foraminifères. In R. de la Sagra, Histoire physique, politique el naturelle de l’Ile de Cuba, part 2 [Natural History], volume [7], pages 1–224 [plates published separately]. Paris: Berlrand.

Parker, F. L.

1948. Foraminifera of the Continental Shelf from the Gulf of Maine to Maryland. Bulletin of the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology, 100(2):213–241.

1954. Distribution of the Foraminifera in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology, 111(10):451–588.

Pflum, C. E., and W. E. Frerichs

1976. Gulf of Mexico Deep-Water Foraminifers. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 14:1–125.

Phleger, F. B., and F. L. Parker

1951. Ecology of Foraminifera, Northwest Gulf of Mexico, Part 2: Foraminifera Species. Geological Society of America, Memoir, 46:1–64.

Radford, S. S.

* 1976a. Recent Foraminifera from Tobago Island, West Indies. Revista Espanola de Micropaleontologia, 8(2):193–218.

* 1976b. Depth Distribution of Recent Foraminifera in Selected Bays, Tobago Island, West Indies. Revista Espanola de Micropaleontologia, 8(2):219–238.

Rehder, H. A.

1954. Gulf of Mexico, Its Origin, Waters, and Marine Life, Mollusks. Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service, (Bulletin 89) 55:469–478.

Rose, P. R., and B. Lidz

* 1977. Diagnostic Foraminiferal Assemblages of Shallow Water Modern Environments: South Florida and the Bahamas. Sedimenta, 6: 55 pages. Miami: Comparative Sedimentology Laboratory.

Saunders, J. B.

* 1955. Trochamminidae and Certain Lituolidae (Foraminifera) from the Recent Brackish Water Sediments of Trinidad, British West Indies. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 134(5):1–16.

* 1958. Recent Foraminifera in Mangrove Swamps and River Estuaries and Their Fossil Counterparts in Trinidad. Micropaleontology, 4(1):79–92

Schafer, C. T., and F. E. Cole

1978. Distribution of Foraminifera in Chaleur Bay, Gulf of St. Lawrence. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 77-30:1–55.

Schnitker, D.

1971. Distribution of Foraminifera on the North Carolina Continental Shelf. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology, 8(4):169–215.

1974. Ecotypic Variation in Ammonia beccarii (Linné). Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 4(4):216–223.

Seiglie, G. A.

* 1964a. New and Rare Foraminifers from Los Testigos Reefs Venezuela. Caribbean Journal of Science, 4(4):497–512.

* 1964b. Algunos foraminíferos arenaceos recientes de Venezuela. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de la Universidad de Oriente, 3(1–2):5–12.

* 1965a. Some Observations on Recent Foraminifers from Venezuela, Part 1. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 16(2):70–74.

* 1965b Un Género nuevo y dos especies nuevas de foraminíferos de Los Testigos, Venezuela. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de la Universidad de Oriente, 4(1):51–59.

* 1965c. Notas sobre las familias Pedigiidae y Siphoninidae (Foraminiferida), género y especies nuevos. Caribbean Journal of Science, 5(1–2):9–14.

* 1966a. Distribution of Foraminifers in the Sediments of Araya–Los Testigos Shelf and Upper Slope. Caribbean Journal of Science, 6(3–4) :93–117.

* 1966b. Sistemática de los foraminíferos bentónicos en los sedimentos de la plataforma continental de Araya a los Testigos, parte 2: Suborden Miliolina. Lagena, Universidad de Oriente, 9:3–32.

* 1967. Systematics of the Foraminifers from Araya–Los Testigos Shelf and Upper Slope, Venezuela, with Special Reference to Suborder Rotalina and Its Distribution. Caribbean Journal of Science, 7(3–4):95–133.

* 1968. Relationships Between the Distribution of Amphistegina and the Submerged Pleistocene Reefs off Western Puerto Rico. Tulane Studies in Geology, 6(4):139–147.

* 1969. Observaciones sobre el género de foraminíferos Buliminoides Cushman. Revista Española de Micropaleontología, 1(3):327–333.

* 1970a. The Distribution of the Foraminifers in Yabucoa Bay Southeastern Puerto Rico and Its Paleoecological Significance. Revista Española de Micropaleontología, 2(2):183–208.

* 1970b. Additional Observations of the Foraminiferal Genus Buliminoides Cushman. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 21(3):112–115.

* 1971a. Distribution of the Foraminifers in the Cabo Rojo Platform and Their Paleoecological Significance. Revista Española de Micropaleontología, 3(1):5–53.

* 1971b. Foraminíferos de los Bahias de Mayaguez y Anasco y sus alrededores, oestre de Puerto Rico, parte 2: Foraminíferos aglutinados, distributión general y especies de la plataforma exterior. Revista Española de Micropaleontología, 3(3):255–276.

* 1971c. A Preliminary Note on the Relationship Between Foraminifers and Pollution in Two Puerto Rican Bays. Caribbean Journal of Science, 11(1–2):93–98.

* 1972. Foraminifers of the Mayagüez and Añasco Bays, and Their Surroundings, Western Puerto Rico, Part 3: Plane tostoma bermudezi, Species Nov. Revista Española de Micropaleontologia, 4(1):5–11.

* 1974. Foraminifers of Mayagüez and Añasco Bays, and Its Surroundings, Part 4: Relationship of Foraminifers and Pollution in Mayagüez Bay. Caribbean Journal of Science, 14(1–2):1–68.

*1975. Foraminifers of Guayanilla Bay and Their Use as Environmental Indicators. Revista Española de Micropaleontología, 7(3):453–487.

Seiglie, G. A., and P. J. Bermudez

* 1966. Note on Genus Tosaia Takayanagi in America and Description of a New Species. Caribbean Journal of Science, 6(1–2):65–69.

* 1969. Note on Some Foraminifers of the Genus Reophax and Description of a New Genus. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology, 7(4):193–203.

* 1971. Foraminíferos de las Bahias de Mayagüez y Añasco y de sus alrededores, parte 1: Ehrenbergina scamnicola sp. nov. Revista Española de Micropaleontología, 3(1):67–70.

Sellier de Civrieux, J. M.

*1968a. Cuatro géneros nuevos de foraminíferos del Mar Caribe. Boletin del Instituto Oceanografico de la Universidad de Oriente, 7(1):149–193.

* 1968b Un Metodo de observaciones y representaciones graficas del metabolismo (foraminiferos) con aplicacion al estudio de la ecologia en biotopos de salinidad altamente variable. Boletin del Instituto Oceanografico de la Universidad de Oriente, 7(2):99–109.

* 1970. Biofacies bentónicas de foraminíferos en la plataforma continental de Cumana-Venezuela. Boletin del Instituto Oceanografico de la Universidad de Oriente, 9(1–2):21–70.

* 1973. Foraminiferos indicadores de comunidades bentónicas recientes en Venezuela, parte 1: Plataforma marina interior. Boletin del Instituto Oceanografico de la Universidad de Oriente, 12(2):79–93.

* 1976a. Estudio sistemático y ecológico de las Bolivinitidae recientes de Venezuela. Cuadernos Oceanograficos, Universidad de Oriente, 5:3–101.

* 1976b. Enmiendas a los géneros Rosalina (d’Orbigny) 1826 y Trelomphalus Moebius, 1880 (Familia Cymbaloporidae, Orden Foraminiferida). Boletin del Instituto Oceanografico de la Universidad de Oriente, 15(2):177–197.

* 1977. Las Discorbidae del Mar Caribe, frente a Venezuela. Cuadernos Oceanograficos, Universidad de Oriente, 6:1–46.

Sen Gupta, B. K.

1971. The Benthonic Foraminifera of the Tail of the Grand Banks. Micropaleontology, 17(1):69–98.

Sen Gupta, B. K., and C. T. Schafer

* 1973. Holocene Benthonic Foraminifera in Leeward Bays of St. Lucia, West Indies. Micropaleontology, 19(3):341–365.

Steinker, P. J., and D. C. Steinker

* 1976. Shallow-Water Foraminifera, Jewfish Cay, Bahamas, In Schafer, C. T., and B. R. Pelletier, editors, First International Symposium on Benthonic Foraminifera of Continental Margins, Part A: Ecology and Biology. Maritime Sediments, Special Publication, 1:171–180.

Todd, R., and P. Bronnimann

*1957. Recent Foraminifera and Thecamoebina from the Eastern Gulf of Paria, Trinidad. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 3:1–43.

Todd, R., and D. Low

* 1971. Foraminifera from the Bahama Bank West of Andros Island. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 683-C:C1–C22.

Vaughan, T. W.

* 1918. Some Shoal-Water Bottom Samples from Murray Island Australia and Comparisons of Them with Samples from Florida and the Bahamas. Carnegie Institute of Washington, 213:235–288.

Wantland, K. F.

* 1969. Foraminiferal Assemblages of the Coastal Lagoons of British Honduras. In Lagunas, Costeras, un Simposio, Memoria Simposia Internacional Lagunas Costeras UNAM-UNESCO, November 28–30, 1967, Mexico, D.F., pages 621–644.

* 1975. Distribution of Holocene Benthonic Foraminifera on the Belize Shelf. In K. F. Wantland and W. C. Pusey, editors, Belize Shelf: Carbonate Sediments, Clastic Sediments and Ecology. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Studies in Geology, 2:332–399.

Warmke, G., and R. T. Abbott

1961. Caribbean Sea Shells. 346 pages. Narberth, Pa.: Livingston Publishing Company.

CATALOG 1

Unsynonymized Species with Publication and Location

CATALOG 2

Synonymized Species with Publication and Location

CATALOG 3

Unsynonymized Species

CATALOG 4

Synonymized Species

CATALOG 5

Latitude and Longitude of Synonymized Species

MAPS

Figures 1–131

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