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Commercial Vessel Ballast Water Management (2022-2023): Report to Congress August 1, 2025
(United States Department of Homeland Security, 2025) United States Coast Guard, USCG; National Ballast Information Clearinghouse, NBIC
This report provides analyses of (1) the patterns of ballast water delivery and management; (2) the Coast Guard’s compliance and enforcement actions regarding ballast water management regulations; and (3) patterns of biological invasions by marine and estuarine aquatic nuisance species. It covers the two-year period from January 2022 through December 2023 to demonstrate the effectiveness of the Coast Guard’s statutorily mandated ballast water management regulatory program and validates that enforcement efforts continue to increase ballast water management and reduce the risk of introducing aquatic nuisance species into U.S. waters.
Arctic Studies Newsletter; no. 32
(Arctic Studies Center, 2025)
Shell Damage Patterns in Limpkin Mussel Middens at Bois d’Arc Lake, Arkansas
(2024) Graves, Gary R.
The Limpkin (Aramus guarauna) is rapidly colonizing the lower Mississippi Valley from recently established Gulf Coast populations. Anecdotal reports indicate that it feeds on freshwater mussels and gastropods in Arkansas, but without documentation. Here I report an analysis of Limpkin shell middens from Bois d’Arc Lake in Hempstead Co. Limpkins at this location preyed heavily on Pyganodon grandis (Giant Floater), a large mussel species widely distributed in the Mississippi Valley. Limpkins employ vigorous bill blows to pierce holes in mussels and usually attack the anterior end of the shell. Video and photographs of feeding birds provide new insight on the mechanics of shell opening and tissue extraction. Given the distribution and current populations of mussels in Arkansas, Limpkins have the potential to become regular summer residents in the mussel-rich areas of the state.
Evaluating tissue concentrations in Panamanian golden frogs (Atelopus zeteki) infected with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis following single 0.01% Intraconazole immersion treatment: a thesis
(2025) Frum, Alana
Chytridiomycosis, caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), continues to threaten amphibian biodiversity globally. The Panamanian golden frog (Atelopus zeteki), a species highly susceptible to Bd infection, remains extinct in the wild and dependent on ex situ conservation for survival. Itraconazole, a triazole antifungal, is widely used to treat Bd infections, yet the impact of Bd infection on itraconazole tissue absorption, distribution, and clearance in amphibians is still poorly understood. This study evaluated itraconazole tissue concentrations in Bd-infected (Bd⁺) and uninfected (Bd⁻) A. zeteki following a single 0.01% 10-minute immersion. Tissue samples were analyzed at 24, 48, 72, 144, 192, and 240 hours post-treatment, and itraconazole concentrations were measured in the skin, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Bd⁺ frogs exhibited consistently lower tissue concentrations and more rapid clearance compared to Bd⁻ frogs, likely due to Bd-induced physiological alterations. Tissue concentrations remained above the limit of quantification (LOQ; 0.1 ng/mg) at 240 hours in most tissues of Bd⁻ frogs but fell below the LOQ in most tissues of Bd⁺ frogs by 144–192 hours. These findings suggest that infection status influences itraconazole tissue absorption, distribution, and clearance, supporting the potential for reducing dosing frequency in Bd treatment protocols. Future treatment protocols should consider infection status, tissue-specific distribution, and optimized dosing intervals to improve efficacy and minimize adverse effects in amphibian chytridiomycosis management.
Smithsonian Libraries and Archives Annual Report 2024
(2025) Smithsonian Libraries and Archives