dc.identifier.citation |
Craig, Matthew T., Graham, Rita T., Torres, R. A., Hyde, J. R., Freitas, M. O., Ferreira, B. P., Hostim-Silva, M., Gerhardinger, L. C., Bertoncini, A. A., and Robertson, D. Ross. 2009. "<a href="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/11831">How many species of goliath grouper are there? Cryptic genetic divergence in a threatened marine fish and the resurrection of a geopolitical species</a>." <em>Endangered Species Research</em>. 7 (3):167–174. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00117">https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00117</a> |
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dc.description.abstract |
The goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara (Epinephelidae) is an exceptionally large marine fish that inhabits sub-tropical and tropical waters of the Americas and western Africa. Due to a lack of readily observable morphological variation in specimens across its range, the goliath grouper has been regarded as a single species. We tested the hypothesis that Pacific and West Atlantic populations constitute a single species by analyzing nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data. We found numerous fixed genetic differences for mitochondrial loci between Pacific and West Atlantic goliath grouper (genetic distance D ˜ 3.5% at 16S and D ˜ 6% at cytochrome b; ?st = 0.98 [p 0.001] for 16S and ?st = 0.98 [p 0.001] for cytochrome b). The nuclear S7 intron showed 3 fixed nucleotide differences between Pacific and West Atlantic populations. Within the West Atlantic, we found few absolute genetic differences (D D b), but statistically significant population structure based on haplotype frequency data (?st = 0.04 [p = 0.05] at 16S; ?st = 0.14 [p 0.001] at cytochrome b). These data indicate that (1) goliath grouper in the West Atlantic are subdivided into discrete populations, (2) goliath grouper populations in the Pacific and western Atlantic represent 2 (or more) distinct species, and (3) these distinct populations/species require separate management and conservation strategies. We resurrect the species Epinephelus quinquefasciatus Bocourt 1868 for Pacific goliath grouper. |
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